PrePared by

AjAy kumar
AssociAte professor
Mechanical engineering departMent
Kiet, ghaziabad
 Unit III
Sliding Contact Bearing

Sliding Contact Bearing Types, Selection of bearing, Plain

journal bearing, Hydrodynamic lubrication, Properties and
materials, Lubricants and lubrication, Hydrodynamic journal
bearing, Heat generation, Design of journal bearing, Thrust
bearing-pivot and collar bearing, Hydrodynamic thrust
bearing
 Bearings
Bearing is mechanical element which locate two machine parts relative to each other
and permits a relative motion between them.

Based on Nature of contacting surface bearing are classified into two groups

(1) Rolling Contact Bearing in which a rolling element are provided between the
contacting surfaces.

(2) Sliding Contact Bearing in which contacting surfaces make a sliding contact
and/or are separated by a film of lubricant
SLIDING CONTACT BEARINGS CLASSIFICATION
Classification of sliding contact bearings:
1. Based on type of load carried.
2. Based on type of lubrication.
3. Based on lubrication mechanism.

1. Based on type of load carried: The bearings are classified as

a. Radial bearings
b. Thrust bearings or axial bearings
c. Radial thrust bearings.
2. Based on type of lubrication: that is the extent to which the contacting surfaces are
separated bearings are classified as
a. Thick film lubrication
b. Thin film lubrication
c. Boundary lubrication

coefficient of friction coefficient of friction 0.004 coefficient of friction

are 0.002 to 0.010 to 0.10. 0.05 to 0.20
3. Based on lubrication mechanism : the bearings are classified as
(i) Hydrostatic Bearing, load supporting film is created by lubricating viscosity or
external source
(ii) Hydrodynamic Bearing, load supporting film is created by shape and relative motion
of sliding surface
a. Hydrostatic lubricated bearings.
In these bearings externally pressurized lubricant is fed into the bearings to separate the
surfaces with thick film of lubricant. These type of bearings do not require the motion of
the surfaces to generate the lubricant film. Hence they can operate from very low speed
to high speed. This is illustrated in Fig. 10
b. Hydrodynamic lubricated bearings.
In these bearings the load-carrying surfaces are separated by a stable thick film of lubricant that
prevents the metal-to-metal contact. The film pressure generated by the moving surfaces that
force the lubricant through a wedge shaped zone. At sufficiently high speed the pressure
developed around the journal sustains the load.
 Bearing e

Journal

c
c

At Running

At Rest

h0

Terminology for hydrodynamic journal bearing

(refer fig 15.5, 1512)
(1) Diametral clearance (c1=D-d)
c (2) Radial Clearance (c=R-r)
(3) Eccentricity (e)
(4) Minimum Film Thickness or MFT (h0)
(5) MFT ratio (h0/c1)
(6) Eccentricity ratio
At start
=e/c=[1 (h0/c)]
Bearing Modulus and its importance in design

The factor ZN/p is termed as bearing characteristic

number and is a dimensionless number.
The factor ZN/p helps to predict the performance of a
bearing.
the minimum amount of friction occurs at A and at
this point the value of ZN/p is known as bearing
modulus which is denoted by K.
 Design Consideration of Journal Bearing
In the design of journal bearing, we may distinguish the variable between two groups.
In the first group, there are those variable whose value either given or under the
control of designer. These are
1. Viscosity
2. Load per unit projected area
3. Speed
4. Bearing dimension (L, D, c)
When these four decision are made, the design is complete.
In second group are dependent variable. The designer can not control thse. Thses are
1. Coefficient of friction
2. Temperature rise of oil
3. Flow of oil
4. Minimum film thickness
These variable tell us how well the bearing is performing and hence we may regard
them s performance variable
 Design Procedure for Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing
1. Determine L/D from Table 15.11 or assume (if not given), where D is dia of
journal and L is length of bearing
2. Calculate the pressure developed (p) by W/DL and check it from Table 15.11 (if
pressure developed is less than the permissible pressure then proceed) where W
is load on bearing,
3. Select the lubricant from Table 15.1 (or Fig. 15.1) and calculate viscosity at
operating temperature.
4. Find ZN/p and check it with the Table 15.11
5. Assume c/r or take from Table 15.11 (Where c is clearance and r is radius of
journal)
6. Calculate the Minimum Film Thickness (MFT) from Fig 7 and Eq. 15.24, 15.25
7. Find Coeff. of friction f from Petroff s Eq.15.11
8. Determine the heat generated by Eq. 15.36
9. Calculate heat dissipation from Eq. 15.39, Table 15.9, Fig 15.15 or Eq. 15.40,
Table 15.10 Fig.15.16
10. If Heat generated is greater than heat dissipated then artificial cooling required
 Design a journal bearing for centrifugal pump from following data
Load on journal = 15000 N
Speed of journal = 1050 rpm
Type of oil = SAE 20
Maximum bearing pressure for the pump = 1.5N/mm2
Operating temperature of oil = 550C
Ambient temperature = 160C
Solution:
1. Size of bearing (L and D)
Here is given that journal bearing is used for centrifugal pump. So, from Table 15.11,
Allowable pressure for centrifugal pump p = 0.7 to 1.4 MPa = 1MPa
Taking L/D =1.5; where D is dia of journal and L is length of bearing.
Pressure between journal and bearing is given by

2. Dynamic Viscosity (Z)

Specific gravity of SAE 20 lubricant at 150C 15 =0.925 from Table 15.1

Kinematic viscosity Zk of SAE 20(line 5) lubricant at 550C = 60 centistokes

Kinematic viscosity in SI unit Zk = Zk x 10-6 = 60 x 10-6 m2/s
3. Check for Min ZN/p

This value is greater than the minimum value (29.01) given in Table 15.11. So safe.

4. Radial Clearance (c)

Taking c/r =0.001 from Table 15.11
Where c is clearance and r is radius of journal which is 50 mm. So c = 0.05 mm
5. Coefficient of friction (f) by Petroffs equation

6. Power lost or Heat Generated ( Hg)

7. Heat Dissipation (Hd) Based on area of housing

Heat generated is greater than heat dissipated then artificial cooling required
8. Minimum oil film thickness (h0)

eq.15.17

Minimum Film Thickness MT h0 = c= 0.05 mm

A turbine shaft running at 1800 rpm has a diameter of 300mm. the load on the bearing due to
shaft is 180kN. Determine the length of the bearing, if the allowable bearing pressure is
1.5N/mm2. Also find the amount of heat removed by lubricant per minute if bearing
temperature is 600 C, the viscosity of oil is 0.02kg/m-s and bearing clearance is 0.25mm.

A fully journal bearing of 50mm diameter and 100mm length has bearing pressure of 1.4
N/mm2. The speed of journal is 900rpm and ratio of journal diameter to the diametral clearance
is 1000. The lubricating oil used has absolute viscosity at operating temperature of 750C is
0.011kg/m-s. The room temperature is 350C. Determine the amount of artificial cooling required
and the mass of lubricating oil required if the difference between outlet and inlet temperature
of the oil is 100C.Take specific heat of the oil is 1850 J/kg/0C.

Design a journal bearing for centrifugal pump from following data

Load on journal = 20kN
Speed of journal = 1000rpm
Absolute viscosity = 0.017kg/m-s
Ambient temperature = 160C
Maximum bearing pressure for the pump = 1.5N/mm2
Design a journal bearing to support a load of 7500N while the shaft is running at
800rpm, using a hardened journal and bronze backed Babbitt bearing. The clearance is
0.002cm per cm diameter and ambient temperature is 290C. select a suitable oil and
check whether artificial cooling is necessary.

Design a journal bearing for centrifugal pump from following data

Load on journal = 15000 N
Speed of journal = 1050 rpm
Type of oil = SAE 10
Maximum bearing pressure for the pump = 1.5N/mm2
Operating temperature of oil = 550C
Ambient temperature = 160C

A journal bearing has a journal diameter of 50mm and diameter of bushing is 50.1mm. the
bushing is 50mm long and has to support a load of 1kN at a speed of 1200rpm. Determine the
minimum film thickness and power loss for SAE 10 oil, assuming the oil film temperature to be
700C.
 SLIDING CONTACT BEARINGS

ADVANTAGES
1. The design of the bearing and housing is simple.
2. They occupy less radial space and are more compact.
3. They cost less.
4. The design of shaft is simple.
5. They operate more silently.
6. They have good shock load capacity.
7. They are ideally suited for medium and high speed operation.

DISADVANTAGES
1. The frictional power loss is more.
2. They required good attention to lubrication.
3. They are normally designed to carry radial load or axial load only.
Requirement Properties of Sliding Contact Bearing Materials

1. Compressive strength.

2. Fatigue strength

3. Comformability: It is the ability of the bearing material to accommodate shaft deflections and
bearing inaccuracies by plastic deformation (or creep) without excessive wear and heating.

4. Embeddability: It is the ability of bearing material to accommodate (or embed) small particles
of dust, grit etc., without scoring the material of the journal

5. Bondability

6. Corrosion resistance

7. Thermal conductivity

8. Thermal expansion
Materials used for Sliding Contact Bearings

1. Babbit metal
Tin base babbits : Tin 90% ; Copper 4.5% ; Antimony 5% ; Lead 0.5%.
Lead base babbits : Lead 84% ; Tin 6% ; Anitmony 9.5% ; Copper 0.5%.
2. Bronzes (alloys of copper, tin and zinc)

The gun metal (Copper 88% ; Tin 10% ; Zinc 2%)

The phosphor bronze (Copper 80% ; Tin 10% ; Lead 9% ; Phosphorus 1%)

3. Cast iron.

4. Silver

5. Non-metallic bearings
LUBRICANT PROPERTIES
Properties of a good lubricant :
1. It should give rise to low friction.
2. It should adhere to the surface and reduce the wear.
3. It should protect the system from corrosion.
4. It should have good cleaning effect on the surface.
5. It should carry away as much heat from the surface as possible.
6. It should have thermal and oxidative stability.
7. It should have good thermal durability.
8. It should have antifoaming ability.
9. It should be compatible with seal materials.
10. It should be cheap and available in plenty.
 Bearing e

Journal

c
c

At Running

At Rest

h0

Terminology for hydrodynamic journal bearing

(refer fig 15.5, 1512)
(1) Diametral clearance (c1=D-d)
c (2) Radial Clearance (c=R-r)
(3) Eccentricity (e)
(4) Minimum Film Thickness or MFT (h0)
(5) MFT ratio (h0/c1)
(6) Eccentricity ratio
At start
=e/c=[1 (h0/c)]
Thrust Bearings
A footstep bearing supports a shaft of 150 mm diameter which is counterbored at the end with a
hole diameter of 50 mm. If the bearing pressure is limited to 0.8 N/mm2 and the speed is 100
r.p.m.; find : 1. The load to be supported; 2. The power lost in friction; and 3. The heat generated
at the bearing. Assume coefficient of friction = 0.015. 12 568 N, 0.107 kW

The thrust of propeller shaft in a marine engine is taken up by a number of collars integral with
the shaft which is 300 mm is diameter. The thrust on the shaft is 200 kN and the speed is
75 r.p.m. Taking constant and equal to 0.05 and assuming the bearing pressure as uniform and
equal to 0.3 N/mm2, find : 1. Number of collars required, 2. Power lost in friction, and 3. Heat
generated at the bearing in kJ/min.
9.8 say 10 ,14 270 W