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WIND EFFECTS ON SHORT SPAN

BRIDGE DECKS

AVI GORI

JULIANNE CRAWFORD
HISTORY OF WIND EFFECTS ON BRIDGES

Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940


Hood Canal Bridge in 1979
Sabo Pedestrian Bridge in 2012
HISTORY OF WIND EFFECTS ON BRIDGES

Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940


Hood Canal Bridge in 1979
Sabo Pedestrian Bridge in 2012
WHAT IS WINDS EFFECT ON SHORT SPAN BRIDGES?
AASHTO Wind Equations

Where:
PB = Base Wind Pressure (ksf)
VDZ = Design wind velocity at design elevation Z (mph)

Where:
V0 = Friction velocity for various upwind surface characteristics (mph)
V30 = Wind velocity at 30.0ft above low ground (mph)
VB = Base wind velocity of 100 mph at 30.0ft height (mph)
Z = Height of structure at which wind loads are being calculated (ft)
Z0 = Friction length of upstream fetch (ft)
DERIVATION OF THE AASHTO VELOCITY EQUATION

Wind velocity (u) depends on elevation (Z),


atmospheric conditions, air density, etc.

Derived relationship:

k empirically found = 2.5 for stable conditions


Derivation of the AASHTO Pressure Equation

The theoretical equation for pressure is


proportional to density and velocity (U) squared

The theoretical drag force equation is


found by multiplying by surface area (A)

Equations Used in Our Model:


OUR WIND MODEL
CONTRIBUTION OF
WIND TO:

1. SHEAR ABOUT CENTER


SPAN DUE TO LATERAL
WIND LOAD (DRAG)

2. MOMENT ABOUT
CENTER SPAN DUE TO
VERTICAL WIND LOAD
(LIFT)
MODEL ASSUMPTION
VARIABLES
Where:
Wind Pressure PB = Base Wind Pressure (ksf)
VDZ = Design wind velocity at design elevation Z (mph)
Deck Height

Surface Conditions

Deck Type

Angle of Attack Where:


V0 = Friction velocity for various upwind surface characteristics (mph)
Deck Thickness
V30 = Wind velocity at 30.0ft above low ground (mph)
Span Length VB = Base wind velocity of 100 mph at 30.0ft height (mph)
Z = Height of structure at which wind loads are being calculated (ft)
Z0 = Friction length of upstream fetch (ft)
VARIABLES
Wind Pressure
Deck Height

Surface Conditions

Deck Type

Angle of Attack

Deck Thickness

Span Length
SLAB

VARIABLES
Wind Pressure
Deck Height

Surface Conditions

Deck Type

Angle of Attack

Deck Thickness

Span Length
GIRDER

VARIABLES
Wind Pressure
Deck Height

Surface Conditions

Deck Type

Angle of Attack

Deck Thickness

Span Length
VARIABLES
Wind Pressure
Deck Height

Surface Conditions

Deck Type

Angle of Attack

Deck Thickness

Span Length
VARIABLES
Wind Pressure
Deck Height

Surface Conditions

Deck Type

Angle of Attack

Deck Thickness
(t)

Span Length
VARIABLES
Wind Pressure
Deck Height

Surface Conditions
(L)

Deck Type

Angle of Attack

Deck Thickness

Span Length
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

SLAB GIRDER
TYPICAL SLAB TYPICAL GIRDER

Deck Thickness: 16in Deck Thickness: 56.8in

Deck Height: 30ft Deck Height: 30ft

Angle of Attack: 45 Angle of Attack: 45

Span Length: 30ft Span Length: 60ft


SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

SLAB GIRDER
VARIABLE RANGES VARIABLE RANGES

Deck Thickness: 10-24in Deck Thickness: 39-72in

Deck Height: 15-60ft Deck Height: 15-60ft

Angle of Attack: 0-180 Angle of Attack: 0-180

Span Length: 28-40ft Span Length: 50-125ft


RESULTS SYNTHESIZED
SUMMARY

IN OPEN COUNTRY AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS, THE

LOCATION CONTRIBUTION OF WIND IS NON-NEGLIGIBLE

LATERAL WIND FORCES COMPRISE A SUBSTANTIAL PORTION

LATERAL LOADS OF THE TOTAL LATERAL FORCES

MOMENT: ANGLE OF ATTACK

FINDINGS SHEAR: SPAN LENGTH

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