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inductance, and
capacitance.
De = (DabDbcDca) 1/3
D = 1.208cm
R 2 = 50 + 0.1 × 50 = 55 Ω.
Also, T 1 = 10°C, and we require T 2.
where γ = √yz,
γ is known as the propagation constant
y is the shunt. admittance per unit length of the
line, and
z is the series impedance per unit length,
The voltage V at any point along this line
V(L,t) = RL I(L,t)
If RL = RC; in that case there is no
backward-traveling wave and the line is said
to be matched at the load. But the
discontinuity in the produced by the load
resistor then results in a wave being
reflected in the form of a backward-traveling
wave.
A voltage reflection coefficient at the load is the ratio of
the amplitudes of the backward- and forward-
traveling voltage waves at x = L;
x 100
cos -1 0.8 = 36.87°
and Z = (0.5∠60°)(10) = 5 ∠ 60°Ω
I = [(316.8 × 103)/(3.3 × 103 × 0.8)]<-36.87°
= 120 ∠ -36.87°A
IZ = (5 ∠ 60°)(120 ∠ -36.87°)
= (551.77 + j235.69)V
VS = (3300 + j0) + (551.77 + j235.69)
= (3851.77 + j235.69)V
|VS| = 3858.97V
VR = 1805V
(b) we have
I = (3.75 × 105)/1905 = 207.75A
What is the maximum power that can be
transmitted over a three-phase short
transmission line having a per-phase
impedance of (0.3 + j0.4) Ω if the receiving-
end voltage is 6351 volts per phase and the
voltage regulation is not to exceed 5
percent?
Essential Formulas:
impedance magnitude: Z 2= R2 + X2
per-phase voltage : Vs= V/ √ 3
Ohm’s law : V = I x R ; P = I x V
VS = VR + I(R + jX)
I = IR + ICR
On a per-phase basis,
VR = 6351V
VS = (1 + 0.05)(6351) = 6668.6V
Z = √[(0.3) 2 + (0.4) 2] = 0.5 Ω
Pmax = (6351/0.5) 2(0.5 × 6668.6 / 6351 -
0.3)
= 36.3MW/phase
and the maximum total power that can be
transmitted is 3× 36.3 = 108.9MW
The per-phase parameters for a 60Hz,
200km long transmission line are R =
2.07Ω, L = 310.8mH, and C = 1.4774µF. the
line supplies a 100MW, wye-connected load
at 215kV (line-t0-line) and 0.9 power factor
lagging. Calculate the sending-end voltage,
using the nominal-II circuit representation
Essential Formulas:
per-phase voltage : Vs= V/√ 3
Ohm’s law : V = I x R ; P = I x V
VS = VR + I(R + jX)
I = IR + ICR
To use the nominal-II circuit, we first
express VR and IR per phase as follows:
VR = (215 × 103)/√3 = 124.13kV
IR = (100 × 106)/(√3 × 215 × 103 ×
0.9)
= 298.37<-25.8°
I CR = V R /X Rc/2
= (124.12 × 103<0°)/[1/(377 × 0.5 ×
1.4774 × 10-6) <90°]
= 34.57<90°A
I = I R + I CR = 298.37<-25.8° + 34.57<90°
= 285 ∠ -29.5°A
R + jXL = 2.07 + j377 × 0.3108 » 117.19 ∠
88.98° 10-6
I(R + jXL) = 285<-19.5° × 117.19 ∠ 88.98° =
33.4 ∠ 69.48°kV
VS = VR + I(R + jXL) = 124.13<0° +
33.4<69.48°
= 139.39 ∠ 12.97°kV/phase
Determine the ABCD constants for the
nominal-T circuit of a transmission line for
which R = 10 Ω, X = 20 Ω, and Y = 400µS
for each phase.
A = D = (1 + ½YZ)
= 1 + j[(4 × 10 -4)/2](10 + j20)
= 0.996<0.115°
B = Z(1 + ¼YZ)
= (10 + j20)[1 + ¼ (j4 × 10 -4)(10 + j20)]
= 22.25<63.45°W
C = Y = j4 × 10 -4 = 4 × 10 -4<90°S
A 138-kV three phase short transmission
line has a per-phase impedance of (2 +j4)
ohms. If the line supplies a 25 MW load at
0.8 power factor lagging, calculate (a) the
efficiency of transmission and (b) the
sending end voltage and power factor.