Basic Structural Element Design to BS 8110-1:1997

4.0 Staircase Design

Figure 4.1: Plan view of the stair case in the General Arrangement Drawing

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Basic Structural Element Design to BS 8110-1:1997

Figure 4.2: Plan view of the stair case

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Basic Structural Element Design to BS 8110-1:1997

Reference Calculations Out Put

Layout
Riser = R = 150mm

Going = G = 300mm

As per Graded Examples in Reinforced Concrete Design by

Prof. W.P.S Dias 2R+G should kept close as possible to
600mm.
= 2R + G = 2 150 + 300 = 600mm

Nosing is 25mm.

Hence Tread = T = 300 + 25 = 325mm

Cover
BS 8110-1:1997 For durability requirements: Assume mild exposure conditions.
Table 3.3 Nominal Cover required is 20mm.
BS 8110-1:1997 For fire requirements: Assume 2 hour fire resistance
Table 3.4 Nominal Cover required is 25mm
Hence Select a cover of 25mm. Cover 25mm

Loads
2
Finishes on Tread = 1kN/m

2
Finishes on soffit plaster = 0.25kN/m

2
Imposed loads = 3kN/m

Cl.3.10.1.2 Distribution of Loading

BS 8110-1:1997 Staircase is built monolithically at its ends in to structural
members spanning right angles to its span. Hence Effective
depth can be evaluated as follows.

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Basic Structural Element Design to BS 8110-1:1997

Reference Calculations Out Put

la = 3.3

l = 2.8m > 1.8m

b,1
l = 1.8m
b,1

l = 1.325m < 1.8m

b,2
l = 1.8m
b,2

Effective span = l + 0.5(l + l )

a b1 b2

= 3.3 + 0.5(1.8 + 1.325) = 4.8625m

Initial Waist Thickness

Assume a trial span/ effective depth ration of 32, for
continuous one way spanning stair case.
4862.5
d= = 151.95mm
32

Assume T10 bars are to be used.

10
h = 151.95 + 25 + = 181.9mm
2

Hence select the depth of the waist slab as 175mm.

Loading (For 1m strip of the staircase)

R2 + G2 1502 + 3002
Factor for slope = = = 1.12
G 300

T 325
Overlap = = = 1.08
G 300

Load Evaluation
Waist = 0.175 24 1.12 = 4.70kN/m

1
Steps = 0.150 24 = 1.80kN/m
2
Top finishes = 1 1.08 = 1.08kN/m

Soffit plaster = 0.25 1.12 = 0.28kN/m

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Basic Structural Element Design to BS 8110-1:1997

Reference Calculations Out Put

Total dead load (gk ) = 7.86kN/m

Imposed load (qk ) = 3kN/m

Hence design load = 1.4gk + 1.6qk

= 1.4 7.86 + 1.6 3 = 15.80kN/m

Design for Bending
The stair case can be idealized as shown in Figure 10.2

About A
3.3
15.80 3.3 (0.9 + )
RB = 2 = 27.34kN
4.8625
R A = 15.80 3.3 27.34 = 24.8kN

w [X 0.9] 2
M =R X
x A 2
dMx
= 0 when R = w(X 0.9)
dx A

R 24.8
X = A + 0.9 = + 0.9 = 2.47m
w 15.8

24.8 [2.47 0.9]2

M = 24.8 2.47 = 30.69kNm
x 2

Figure 4.2: Stair Case Idealization for bending

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Basic Structural Element Design to BS 8110-1:1997

Reference Calculations Out Put

Maximum moment =30.69kNm/m
Assume T10 is to be used as main reinforcement.
Effective depth (d)
10
d = 175 25 = 145mm
2

M 30.69 106
K= = = 0.049 < 0.156
fcubd2 30 1000 1452

Hence section can be designed as a singly reinforced section.

K
z = 0.5 + 0.25 d
0.9

0.049
z = 0.5 + 0.25 d = 0.94d < 0.95d
0.9

Hence Area of reinforcement required ,

M 30.69 106 mm2

A s,req = = = 515
0.87fy Z 0.95 460 0.94 145 m

Table 3.25 Checks for minimum area of reinforcement

BS 8110-1:1997 100As,min
= 0.13
bh

0.13 1000 175 mm2

A s,min = = 227.5
100 m
Provide T10 @ 150mm C/C

mm2 T10 @ 150 B1

A s,provided = 524
m
Hence minimum steel is Ok. Minimum steel
Ok.

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Basic Structural Element Design to BS 8110-1:1997

Reference Calculations Out Put

Checks for maximum spacing
Clause Maximum spacing is lesser of 3 times effective depth or
3.12.11.2.7 750mm.
BS 8110-1:1997 3d = 3 145 = 435mm
Hence provided spacing of 200mm is satisfactory.
Distribution Steel
Distribution steel needs to satisfy the minimum area of
reinforcement requirement.

0.13 1000 175 mm2

A s,min = = 227.5
100 m
Hence provide T10 @ 200mm C/C.

mm2
A s,provided = 393
m
Maximum spacing is lesser of 3 times effective depth or
750mm.
3d = 3 145 = 435mm
Hence provided spacing of T10 @ 200mm spacing is T10@ 200 B2
satisfactory

Checks for Deflection

For deflection check end span slab panel is critical.
Span =4862.5mm
Table 3.9 For a Continuous slab panel
BS 8110-1:1997 Span
Basic = 26
Effective Depth

Span Span
Allowable = Basic Effective Depth F1 F2
Effective Depth

F1 Modificati on Factor for Tension Reinforcem ent

F2 Modificati on Factor for Compressi o n Reinforcem ent

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Basic Structural Element Design to BS 8110-1:1997

Reference Calculations Out Put

Cl.3.10.2.2 Length of the flight/ Span
BS 8110-1:1997 3300
100 = 67.87%
4862.5

Flight occupies more than 60% of the span.

Hence allowable deflection limit may be increased by 15%.

2 A s,req 1
fs = fy
3 A s,pro b

b = 1

2 515 1
fs = 460 = 301.39N/mm2
3 524 1

M 30.69 106
= = 1.46
bd2 1000 1452
(477 fs ) (477 301.39)
F1 = 0.55 + = 0.55 + = 1.17 < 2
M 120(0.9 + 1.46)
120(0.9 + 2 )
bd
No Compression reinforcement is provided.
Hence F2 = 1

Span Span
Allowable = Basic Effective Depth F1 F2
Effective Depth

Span
Allowable = 26 1.17 1.15 = 34.98
Effective Depth
Span 4862.5
Actual = 145 = 33.53
Effective Depth
Span Span
Actual < Allowable
Effective Depth Effective Depth
Hence deflection check is satisfied Deflection is
Ok.

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Basic Structural Element Design to BS 8110-1:1997

Reference Calculation Out Put

Checks for Shear
Shear is critical at support B.
V = 27.34kN
Clause Maximum possible shear , lesser of
3.4.5.2 0.8 fcu or 5N/mm2

0.8fcu = 0.8 25 = 4N/mm2

Clause V 27.34 103 Maximum shear

v= = = 0.19N/mm2 < 4N/mm2
3.4.5.2 bvd 1000 145 Ok

Hence applied shear stress is less tan maximum allowable.

Table 3.8 1 1 1
100A s 3
400 4
1 fcu 3
v c = 0.79
bvd d m 25

100As 100 524

= = 0.361 < 3
b
v d 1000 145

1 1
400 4 400 4
d = 145 = 1.29 > 1

m = 1.25
1
1 30 3
1
v c = 0.79 [0.361] 3 1.29 = 0.62N/mm2
1.25 25

v < vc
Hence shear check is satisfied. Shear is Ok

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