1.

Latest P4 machine configuration

Answer: DEVICES

PROCESSOR AMD FX 8350 Black Edition 14500

HARDDISK SCSI (2 TB) 3000
RAM 16 GB (DDR 3) 8000
MOTHERBOARD Gigabyte FX Series 5000
DVD WRITTER Samsung 1200
CABINET Iball 1300
KEYBOARD & Iball 600
MOUSE
MONITOR Samsung 5000
SPEAKERS Iball 1200

2. What is a ROUTER?
Answer: Router is a device which connects two different logical networks.

3. What is the difference between hub, switch and router?

Answer: HUB:- Works at layer 1(physical)
1) It uses broadcast for packet forwarding.
2) Slower than switch & router
3) It creates one collision domain & one broadcast domain.

SWITCH: Works at layer 2 (Data link).

1) It uses IP address for packet forwarding.
2) Faster than Hub, but slower than Router.
3) Switch breakup collision domain, but create one broadcast domain.

ROUTER: Works at layer 3(Network).

1) It uses IP address for packet forwarding.
2) Faster than switch & hub.
3) It breakup broadcast domain as well as collision domain.

4. Name the different types of OSI layers.

Answer: Different types of layers:
7. Application layer
6. Presentation layer.
5. Session layer.
4. Transport layer.
3. Network layer.
2. Data link layer.
1. Physical layer.

5. What is VPN?
VPN stands for virtual private network. It used to create virtual tunnel between two different logical network for to
secure the data.

6. The CPU is a part of System board.

7. Physical Memory divides the storage area into Conventional & Reserved Memory.

8. The concentric Rings on the hard disk platter are known as Tracks.

9. The sealed compartment inside the hard disk is known as platter.

10. High Level of formatting is also known as NTFS.

10. What is the full form of TCP/IP?
Answer: Transmission control protocol / Internet Protocol.

11. What is the full form of SMPS?

Answer: Switch Mode Power Supply.

12. Scanner is an INPUT type of device.

13. What is OSI Model?

Answer: OSI stands for open system interconnection, which introduced by ISO(International organization for
standardization) in 1977; so that multiple vendor LAN cards can communicate with each other.

14. The protocol used in Internet is HTTP.

15. In which memory is the start-up configuration stored in a CISCO router?

Answer: NVRAM (Non-Volatile read only memory).

16. Shadow Copy is a feature of which OS?

Answer: Window Server 2003.

17. Name the protocols used for sending and receiving mails.
Answer: The protocols used for sending & receiving mails are SMTP, POP3 & IMAP4.

18. Difference between RAM & ROM.

Answer:
RAM(Random Access Memory) ROM(Read Only Memory)
1. It is a volatile memory. It is a Non-Volatile memory.
2. Both system & user related information is stored. Only system related information is stored.
3. It requires more power compared ROM. It require less power compared to power.

19. Difference between AT & ATX power supply.

Answer:
AT ATX
1. Old type of power supply. New type of power supply.
2. It has two connectors P8 & P9. It has only one connector.
3. It used 12-pins (6 + 6) power supply It uses 20-pins power supply connector.
connectors.
4. It did not provide high voltage power. It provide high voltage power.

20. Explain serial, parallel, USB, and MIDI ports.

Answer:
Serial port:- a) 9-pins male connector.
b) Used to connect mouse & modem.
c) Data transfer speed is one bit at a time.
d) It also known as communication port.

Parallel port:- a) 25-pins female connector.

b) Used to connect printer & scanner.
c) Data transfer speed is multiple bits at a time.
d) It also known as entropic port.

USB:- a) USB stands for universal serial bus.

b) It has 4-pins.
c) Data transfer speed is depends upon its versions like;
USB 1.0:- 5mbps, USB 2.0:- 480 mbps.
d) It uses to connect different USB devices; like USB keyboard & mouse etc.
e) Also you can connect a device at the time of processing & no need to be restarting the computer.
f) Number of USB port present on the cabinet is 6(back panel: - 4ports & front panel:-2 ports).

MIDI:- a) MIDI stands for musical instrument digital interface.

b) This ports are used to connect different musical devices.
c) In MIDI devices; the information transmitted in the form of pitch & volume.

21. What is a Sector, Track and Cluster in a HDD?

Answer: Sectors:- The pie shaped divisions presents on the tracks of platter are known
as sectors.
Tracks:- The concentric rings on the hard disk platter are known as tracks.
Cluster:- A group of sectors is known as cluster.

22. Explain the booting process.

Answer:
a) Boot-strap
b) Post (power on self test)-checking all the hardware devices & searching OS.
c) Loading an OS files into memory.
d) OS installed itself.
e) Loading & executing application software.

23. Name the booting files in DOS.

Answer: a) IO.sys.
b) MSDOS.sys.
c) Command.com.

24. What is BUS? Explain PCI, ISA, AGP, bus and slots?
Answer: Bus:- A main transmission media that used by all different devices for to communicate with each other is called
as Bus.

PCI Bus:- a) This is normally a 33MHz, 32bit bus.

b) It generated by either the chipset north bridge in North/South bridge chipset or the I/O controller hub in chipsets
using hub architecture.

ISA Bus:-a) This is an 8 bit, 16 bit bus.

b) It is a very slow-speed bus but was ideal for certain slow speed or older peripherals.

AGP Bus:- a) This is a high speed 32 bit bus, specifically for a video card.
b) It runs at 66MHz, 133MHz, 266MHz or 533MHz speed which allows for a bandwidth of up to 2,133Mbps

Slots:-
PCI slots:- a) PCI stands for peripheral component interconnect.
b) White color slots.
c) Data transfer rate is 32 bits & 64 bits.
d) It uses for connecting lan card, sound card, modem card etc.
e) Number of PCI slots present on todays motherboard are 3 to 6.

ISA slots:- a) ISA stands for Industry Standard Architecture.

b) Black color slots.
c) Data transfer rate was 8 bits & 16 bits.
d) It was used for connecting modem card, sound card & other low speed peripherals in the past.
e) Not present in todays pc.

AGP slots:-a) AGP stands for Accelerated Graphics Port.

b) Brown color slots.
c) Data transfer rate is 32 bits & 64 bits.
d) It use for connecting Graphic card.
e) Number of AGP slots present on todays motherboard is 1.
25. Difference between dynamic and static.
Answer:
DYNAMIC RAM STATIC RAM
1. 1 Transistor & 1 Capacitor. 5 Transistors & 5 Capacitors
2. Needs continuous refreshing to retain data. No need of continuous refreshing.
3. DRAM is used in RAM. SRAM is used in cache.
4. It takes less space. It takes more space.
5. It is less costly. It is costly.

26. Difference between LCD & VGA Monitor.

Answer:

VGA(CRT) LCD
1. CRT stands for Cathode Ray Tube. LCD stand for Liquid Crystal Display.
2. Actual viewable area is one & half inch less than actual 100 % viewable area.
size.
3. Takes more space. Takes less space.
4. More power consumption compared to LCD. Low power consumption & less heat buildup make
LCD unit less expensive to operate.
5. Weights more compared to LCD. LCD panels weight less than comparably sized CRTs.

27. Explain Printer types.

Answer: Printer is a output device that takes digital information from computer & convert it into print paper.
2 categories: 1) Impact. 2) Non Impact.

Impact:- Applies physical force to get impression of character, print head touches paper & leaves heads impression over
paper.
e.g.:-a) Daisy-wheel printer.
b) Dot-Matrix printer.
c) Line printer.

2) Non Impact:-Instead of ink ribbon these printers use ink-cartridges to store reservoir of ink.
Types:-a) Ink-Jet printer.
b) Laser printer.

Ink-Jet printer:-No physical force is applied on paper.

Ink is forced through nozzles present on head & spray into paper.
Types of Ink-Jet printer: - a) Thermal Ink-Jet.
b) Piezo Printing

Laser Printer:-Mostly used now a days.

It consists of following parts:-
Photosensitive drum, Erase lamp, Laser, Toner, Transfer corona, Fuser

28. Explain Block diagram of PC.

Answer: 1) Input devices.
2) CPU (Central Processing Unit).
3) CU (Control Unit).
4) ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit).
5) Output devices.
6) Storage section.

29. Difference between system & application software.

Answer: System software: - Control & manage PCs internal functions, Initializing on startup, Controlling external
devices, Organizing the memory during operations. E.g.: operating system (win 98, xp, server etc.)
Application software:- performs specific data processing job, Specific process required for users application.
E.g.:- word processor, Ms-office etc.

30. Types of File Systems.

Answer: FAT, FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, NTFS.

31. Explain partition and formatting.

Answer: Partition:- Partition is dividing hard disk space into logical volumes for
allocation of specific data.
Partition types:-
Primary partition.
Extended partition.
Logical partition.
Active partition.
NTFS partition.
Non-Dos partition.
Formatting:- Formatting is removing data from the disk and installing a new file system which can be FAT or NTFS.

32. SMPS voltages for motherboard CD-ROM, HDD.

Answer: Motherboard:- +12V. CD-ROM:-+12V & +5V. HDD:- +12V & +5V.

33. Explain the Boot strap process.

Answer: a) It is small amount of code which lets the PC do something entirely on its own.
b) It brings components to life.
c) It performs 2 major functions i.e. POST & searching drives for an OS.

34. How does one take a backup if the OS is corrupted?

Answer: a) ASR (Automated System Recovery).
b) System state.
c) Recovery console.
d) Repairing after inserting CD.

35. How many digits are there in a windows installation key?

Answer: 25 digits.

36. What is IGRP Protocol?

Answer: a) IGRP is interior gateway routing protocol.
b) It uses distance vector method during routing.
c) Maximum hop count 255 & by default 100.
d) It is dynamic protocol.
e) It is classful.
f) It doesnt support VLSM & supports FLSM.

37. Difference between straight cable and cross cable.

Answer:
Straight cable: - used to connect different devices
E.g.:- PC to switch, switch to router etc.

FIRST END SECOND END

1 White Orange White Orange
2 Orange Orange
3 White Green White Green
4 Blue Blue
5 White Blue White Blue
6 Green Green
7 White Brown White Brown
8 Brown Brown
Cross cable:- used to connect same devices. E.g.:-PC to PC, switch to switch etc.

FIRST END SECOND END

1 White White Green
Orange
2 Orange Green
3 White White Orange
Green
4 Blue Blue
5 White Blue White Blue
6 Green Orange
7 White White Brown
Brown
8 Brown Brown

38. What is broadcasting?

Answer: Broadcasting is sending data or information to every node, ports in a network.

39. What is a Network?

Answer: Network is connection of different devices like Lan cards, switches PCs, hubs, etc. Through a transmission
media by which we can share resources like printers files & folders etc.

40. What is collision?

Answer: Collision is intersection of two or more data at a particular point which results in Loss of data.

41. Use of ICMP protocol.

Answer:
a) ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol).
b) It monitors the network by using ping, tracert and accordingly displays messages such as Request time out,
Destination host unreachable, TTL (Time To Leave).

42. Define protocol.

Answer: Protocol is set of rules by which devices can be able to communicate between them.

43. How do layers communicate?

Answer:
Application layer= user interface and application.
Presentation layer= data conversion and transformation.
Session layer= keep data of different application separately.
Transport layer= end to end connectivity using port numbers.
Network layer= logical addressing like IP address.
Data link layer= physical addressing like MAC address.
Physical layer= physical transmission of data using 0s & 1s.

44. Difference between LAN & WAN.

Answer:

LAN(LOCAL AREA CONNECTION) WAN(WIDE AREA NETWORK)

1. Measured in mbps Measured in kbps
2. No service provider Service provider is present except in leased line
3. Cables, LAN cards, connectors etc are used for Radio waves, infrared, microwave are used for
networking networking
4. Limited up to 10km radius No limitation
5. Connect PCs, switches, hubs etc Used to connect 2 different LANs
45. Difference between FAT32 & NTFS.
Answer:
FAT(FILE ALLOCATION TABLE) NTFS(NEWTECHNOLOGY FILE SYSTEM)
1. Supported by win9x, 2000, 2003, xp Supported by win nt, 200, 2003, xp & thereafter
2. NA Remote as well as local security compression &
encryption
3. NA Hot fixing
4. NA Shadow copy
5. NA Disk quota
6. Simple file sharing Advanced file sharing
7. No security tab for giving security for files & Security tab with advanced permissions
folders
8. NA Inheritance, ownership

46. Number of primary partitions.

Answer: 4 primary partitions.

47. What is DHCP?

Answer: a) DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol).
b) It automatically provides IP to clients.

48. What is ADS?

Answer: a) ADS (Active Directory Service).
b) It is logical network model of windows 2000 and 2003 which includes forest, tree, and domain.

49. What are Patches?

Answer: Patches are small update packets.

50. How to create a Windows Bootable Floppy?

Answer: In win 98 operating system
Step1:- go to start
Step2:- settings
Step3:- control panel
Step4:- add/remove programs
Step5:- startup disk
Step6:- create disk
Step7:- insert floppy
Step8:- ok