Tóm tắt lý thuyết Vật Lí 11

L thuyt nng cao Vt l 11 Tp 1
VN 1. IN TCH NH LUT CULNG

1. in tch.
a. Phn loi.
in tch m
in tch dng
b. n v: Culng, k hiu C
c. in tch: L mt vt mang in hay b nhim in.
d. in tch im: L cc in tch c kch thc nh so vi v tr ta xt.
e. in tch nguyn t: L in tch ca cc ht s cp c gi tr nh nht v xc nh.
in tch nguyn t m (electrn): e 1,6.10 19 C
in tch nguyn t dng (prton): q p 1,6.10 19 C
2. S nhim in ca cc vt.
Nhim in do c xt.
Nhim in do tip xc.
Nhim in do hng ng.
3. Nguyn t trung ha.
Nguyn t trung ha v in khi tng in tch cc e quay xung quanh ht nhn c tr s
bng in tch ht nhn ( s e bng s p).
Nguyn t thiu e mang in dng gi l ion dng
Nguyn t tha e mang in m gi l ion m
4. nh lut bo ton in tch.
Trong mt h c lp v in, tng i s ca cc in tch l khng i.(h khng trao i
in tch vi bn ngoi).
q
i
i q1 q 2 ..... q n const (hng s)
5. nh lut Cu lng.
a. nh lut.
Trong mi trng chn khng lc ht hay y ca hai in tch c phng trng vi ng
thng ni hai in tch. ln t l vi tch ln hai in tch v t l nghch vi bnh
phng khang cch gia chng.
b. c im
im t: ti in tch ang xt.
Phng: trng vi ng thng ni hai in tch.
Chiu:
y nhau (hng ra xa) khi: q1 .q 2 0 (hai in tch cng du)
Gio vin: Nguyn Tt Thnh Page 1 of 13
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Ht nhau (hng vo nhau) khi: q1 .q 2 0 (hai in tch tri du)
q1 .q 2 1 9 m2
ln: F k vi k 9.10 N 2 .
r2 4 0 C
1 C2
0 8,86.10 12 gi l hng s in
4k N .m 2
c. Trong mi trng in mi .
Lc Cu lng ch thay i ln so vi mt trng chn khng ( ln gim i ln)
F q1 .q 2
F k
.r 2
6. Phm vi v mt s lu y khi p dng nh lut Cu lng.
a. Phm vi p dng:
in tch im.
Cc in tch phn b u trn vt dn hnh cu (coi nh in tch tp trung ti tm cu)
Trong mi trng in mi ng cht chim y khng gian gia hai in tch.
Khi hai qu cu nh dn in nh nhau (hai qu cu ging nhau) nhim in do tip
1
xc. Sau khi tch ra th in tch mi qu cu l nh nhau: q q1 q 2 .
2
Qu cu c tch in khi chm tay vo th in tch s mt v qu cu trung ha v in
(qu cu nh).
b. Lu y:
Ch ly gi tr tuyt i cc in tch.
m2
Cc d kin tnh ton phi chuyn v h n v SI: r (m); q (C); k ( N )
C2
Nu in tch chu tc dng nhiu lc (t cc lc khc nhau) th in tch s chu tc dng

ca hp cc lc : F F1 F2 .... Fn .
in tch cn chu tc dng ca cc lc khc ngoi lc in:

Trng lc P mg lun hng xung di.
Lc cng si dy.
Lc y Acsimet : FA VDg lun hng ln trn.
Lc qun tnh
VN 2. IN TRNG
1. Khi nim.
L mt dng vt cht (mi trng) tn ti trong khng gian xung quanh in tch v gn
lin vi in tch. in trng tc dng lc in ln in tch khc t trong n.
2. Cng in trng.
a. Khi nim:
L i lng c trng cho tc dng lc in ca in trng ti im , c xc nh
bi thng s ca lc in tc dng ln mt in tch th (q > 0) t ti v ln ca
in tch q.
F
E
q
b. Vct cng in trng.
Cng phng vi lc in tc dng
Chiu:

E F khi q > 0

E F khi q < 0
c. n v: V/m
3. Cng in trng gy ra bi mt in tch im.
im t: ti im ang xt.
Phng nm trn ng thng ni in tch vi im xt.
Chiu:
M
Ra xa in tch khi q > 0 r
Hng vo in tch kh q < 0 q
q
ln: E k
r2
q
Trong mi trng in mi : E k
.r 2
4. Nguyn l chng cht trng.

Cng in trng tng hp E do nhiu in tch gy ra ti mt im bng tng cc
vct cng do cc in tch gy ra:

E E1 E 2 .... E n
5. ng sc in.
L ng biu din trong in trng m tip tuyn ti mi im ca n l gi ca vct
cng in trng ti im (l ng m lc in tc dng dc theo ).
c im:
Qua mi im trong in trng ch duy nht c mt ng sc in.
L nhng ng c hng, hng ti mi im l hng ca vct cng in
trng ti im .
ng sc ca trng tnh in l nhng ng khng khp kn (ra in tch dng
vo in tch m, t in tch dng ra v cng, t v cng v in tch m).
Ni c ng sc mau (dy) in trng mnh, ng sc tha in trng yu.
6. in trng u.
L in trng c vct cng in trng ti mi im cng phng, chiu v ln.
Hay l in trng c cc ng sc in song song v cch u nhau.d
VN 3. CNG CA LC IN. IN TH. HIU IN TH
1. Cng ca lc in trong in trng u.
a. Khi nim.
Cng ca lc in t l vi in tch dch chuyn, khng ph thuc vo dng ng i m
ch ph thuc vo v tr u v cui trong in trng.
b. Biu thc.
A F .d q.E.d
d s. cos
d l hnh chiu ng ca in tch trn ng sc in.
s khong cch gia hai v tr dch chuyn.

E , s gc to bi hng dch chuyn v vct cng in trng.
2. Cng lc in lm dch chuyn mt in tch t trong in trng ca n.
1 1
A k .q1 .q 2
r1 r2
Cng A ch ph thuc vo v tr 2 im xt so vi q1 m khng ph thuc vo ng i
gia 2 v tr .
3. Th nng ca in tch trong in trng u.
L nng lng c trng cho kh nng sinh cng ca lc in.
W q.E.d (d l khong cch t im tnh th nng n bn m)
4. Th nng ca mt in tch t trong in trng ca mt in tch khc.
q1
W k .q 2
r
5. in th.
a. nh ngha
L i lng c trng cho in trng v phng din to ra th nng khi t ti mt
in tch q. c xc nh bng thng s ca cng lc in lm q di chuyn t v tr M
ra xa v cng v ln ca q.
AM
Biu thc: VM
q
b. c im.

ln v du ca in th ti mt im trong in trng ph thuc vo in trng ti
v mc in th m ta chn.
in th ca mt t v ni xa v cc thng chn lm mc in th v c gi tr bng
khng.
in th to bi mt in trng u:
V E.d
d l khong cch t im tnh n bn m.
in th to bi mt in tch:
q
V k
r
r l khong cch t in tch n im tnh in th
in th gy ra bi mt h in tch:
V V1 V2 ... Vn
c. Mt ng th.
L qu tch nhng im c cng in th trong in trng.
in tch di chuyn trn mt ng th th lc in (cu lng) bng khng (cng lc in
bng khng).
Trong in trng u mt ng th l mt phng vung gc vi ng sc in.
Mt ng th ca in tch im l nhng mt cu ng tm.
Vct cng in trng lun vung gc vi mt ng th v hng t ni c in th
cao sang in th thp.
xc nh in th gy ra bi mt vt tch in bt k, ta chia vt thnh cc phn rt nh
v tnh in th V to ra b mi phn gy ra ti im ang xt t suy ra in th tng.
V V1 V2 ... Vn Vi
i
d. Vt dn ng th
Mi vt dn c mt in th xc nh. Khi ni dy dn gia hai vt in tch dng chuyn
t vt c in th cao sang vt in th thp (e th ngc li)
q
in dung ca vt dn c lp: C (q in tch vt dn ch phn b trn b mt)
V
6. Vt dn.
L vt c cc in tch t do
c im ca vt dn trong in trng:
Cng in trng bn trong vt dn bng khng
Vct cng in trng bn ngoi vt dn vung gc mt ngoi vt dn.
Vt dn l ng th.
in tch phn b mt ngoi vt dn, tp trung nhiu ch li v t ch lm
in mi trong in trng:
in mi b phn cc trong in trng.
hai mt ca in mi vung gc vi in trng xut hin nhng in tch lin kt
(in tch phn cc) tri du.
in tch dng ni ng sc in ra khi in mi, in tch m ni ng sc
i vo.
+ - + -
+ - + -
+ - + -
+ - + -
+ - + -
7. Hiu in th.
a. nh ngha
L i lng c trng cho kh nng sinh cng ca in trng khi di chuyn in tch t
v tr ny n v tr khc trong in trng. c xc nh bng thng s gia cng ca
lc in l dch chuyn in tch v ln ca in tch.
A
U A U .q
q
b. Hiu in th trong in trng
Hiu in th gia hai im trong in trng: U U 2 U 1 U 21 U 12 .
U
Mi quan h cng in trng v hiu in th: E U E.d (d l hnh chiu
d
khong cch gia hai im tnh hiu in th trn ng sc in).
VN 4. T IN
1. Khi nim
L mt h hai vt dn t gn nhau v ngn cch bng mt lp in mi.
T dng tch in, 2 vt dn gi l 2 bn t.
in tch trn hai bn t lun tri du v bng nhau v ln.
2. Tch in cho t.
Ni 2 bn t vi hai cc ca ngun in (bn dng ca t ni vi bn dng ca ngun,
tng t vi bn m, khng ni ngc li t s b hng).

3. in dung ca t.
a. nh ngha.
L i lng c trng cho kh nng tch in ca t mt hiu in th nht nh ( in
dung ca t ph thuc vo lp in mi gia 2 bn t, in mi cang ln cng tng in
dung ca t)
b. Biu thc.
Q
C Q C.U
U
c. n v.
Trong h SI n v l Fara, k hiu F
Cc c ca F
1mF 10 3 F
1F 10 6 F
1nF 10 9 F
1 pF 10 12 F
4. in dung ca t in phng.
.S 0 S
Biu thc: C 9

9.10 .4 .d d
Vi
S din tch ca mt bn t m 2
d khong cch gia hai bn t (m)
hng s in mi
1
0 hng s ins
4k
5. Cch ghp t.
a. Ghp song song
in tch: Q Q1 Q2 Q3
Hiu in th: U U 1 U 2 U 3
in dung: C C1 C 2 C 3
b. Ghp ni tip
in tch: Q Q1 Q2 Q3
1 1 1 1
in dung:
C C1 C 2 C3

6. Nng lng in trng.
a. Nng lng in trng (nng lng t in).
1 1 2 1 Q2
W QU CU
2 2 2 C
b. Mt nng lng in trng t l vi bnh phng cng in trng.
W 1
w 9
. .E 2
V 72.10
V S .d l th tch khng gian gia hai bn t
VN 5. DNG IN KHNG I. NGUN IN
1. Dng in v tc dng ca n.
a. Khi nim.
L dng chuyn di c hng ca cc ht mang in t do.
Chiu dng in l chiu chuyn ng ca cc ht mang in tch dng (quy c).
b. iu kin.
Phi c mt hiu in th (in trng) t vo hai u vt dn.
c. Tc dng
Tc dng nhit, ha, t .
Tc dng c trng ca dng in l tc dng t.
2. Cng dng in v dng in khng i.
a. Khi nim cng dng in
L i lng c trng cho tc dng may hay yu ca dng in. c xc nh bng
thng s ca in lng q dch chuyn qua tit din thng ca vt dn trong khng thi
gian t m n dch chuyn.
q
I
t
q
Nu xt trong khong thi gian t v cng nh t 0 th tr thnh o hm ca
t
dq
in tch i vi thi gian I
dt
b. Khi nim v dng in khng i
L dng in c chiu v cng khng i theo thi gian
q
I q I .t
t
n v: Ampe, k hiu A
3. Ngun in.
L mt thit b to ra v duy tr hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun in

4. Sut in ng ca ngun in
a. Cng ca ngun in.
L cng ca lc l dng tch dch chuyn cc in tch m, dng trong ngun in to
nn hiu in th gia hai in cc ca ngun.
b. Sut in ng ca ngun in
L i lng c trng cho kh nng sinh cng ca ngun in v c o bng thng
s gia cng ca lc l khi thc hin dch chuyn mt in tch q ngc chiu in trng
bn trong ngun.
A
n v (V)
q
Mi ngun in lun c mt sut in ng v in tr trong ca n (E,r)
c. Cng cng sut ngun in
Cng ngun in: Ang .q .I .t
Ang
Cng sut ngun: Png .I
t
5. Ghp ngun thnh b.
a. Ghp ni tip
Sut in ng: b 1 2 3
in tr trong: rb r1 r2 r3
Nu c n ngun ging nhau: b n. ; rb n.r

b. Ghp song song (cc ngun ging nhau).
Sut in ng: b .
r
in tr trng: rb
n
c. Ghp hn hp (cc ngun ging nhau)
Sut in ng: b n..
n.r
in tr trong: rb
m
Vi n l s ngun trn mt nhnh, m l s nhnh mc song song.
d. Ghp xung i.
Sut in ng: b 1 2 nu 1 2
in tr trong: rb r1 r2
Dng in s i ra t cc dng ca ngun ln hn
6. My thu in

L cc ngun chuyn ha in nng thnh cc dng nng lng khc nh: ni nng, ha
nng, quang nng, c nng, nhit nng
Phn loi:
My thu ch to nhit
My thu mt phn ch ta nhit cn li chuyn sang dang nng lng c ch khc.
My thu c sut phn in v in tr trong. Hiu in th t vo my thu:
U r,I , ,
Lu y: dng in i vo cc dng my thu. Sut phn in ca ngun thu bng sut in
ng ca ngun khi pht ,
VN 6. NH LUT M VI ON MCH CH C IN TR THUN.
1. nh lut Ohm
Cng dng in qua on mch t l vi hiu in th hai u on mch v t l
nghch vi in tr
U
I
R
2. in tr ca vt dn
l
R
S

Vi in tr sut ca vt dn .m , l chiu di vt dn m , S tit din vt dn m 2
3. S ph thuc ca in tr vo nhit .
R R0 1 t t 0

Vi h s nhit in tr K 1 , R in tr nhit t, R0 in tr nhit t 0
4. Ghp in tr
a. Ghp ni tip:
in tr: R R1 R2 R3
Cng dng in: I I 1 I 2 I 3

b. Ghp song song:
1 1 1 1
in tr:
R R1 R2 R3
Cng dng in: I I 1 I 2 I 3

5. Mc in tr ph cho Vn k v Ampe k

a. Mc sn Rs cho Ampe k R s // R g
Rg I Rg
I I g 1 1 n
Rs Ig Rs
I l dng vo Ampe k cn o, I g l dng qua in k
n l h s m rng thang o
b. Mc in tr ph cho Vn k R p ntR g
Ug Rp R
U I g R g R p R R p U g 1 U 1 p n
Rg
g R g U g Rg

U l hiu in th gia hai u vn k, U g hiu in th hai u in k
n l h s m rng thang o
VN 7. IN NNG CNG SUT IN NH LUT LENX
1. in nng tiu th, cng sut tiu th
a. in nng tiu th : A U .q U .I .t
A
b. Cng sut tiu th : P U .I
t
2. nh lut Jun Lenx
Q I 2 R.t J
Q 0,24.I 2 .R.t Calo

3. Hiu sut ngun
Pn U n Rn I .r
H
Png Rn r
4. Cng sut my thu in
U2 2
Vi my thu ch ta nhit : P U .I I R
R
Vi my thu ch chuyn ha thnh dng nng lng khc (khi c mt phn ch ta nhit
do r , trong) : P , I r , I 2
,
Hiu sut my thu : H , 1kWh = 3 600 000 (J)
, r.I
VN 8. NH LUT M I VI TON MCH. CHO CC LOI ON MCH
1. nh lut Ohm cho ton mch
a. nh lut Ohm

I
RN r

Vi :
R N in tr mch ngoi.
r in tr trong ca ngun.
sut in ng ngun
Sut in ng ngun bng tng gim in th trn ton mch
b. Quy c chiu tnh hiu in th.
Theo chiu tnh hiu in th :
Gp cc dng ca ngun th 0
Gp cc m ca ngun th 0
Chiu dng in cng chiu hiu in th th gim in th trn mch dng v
ngc li th m
2. nh lut Ohm cho cc on mch.
a. on mch cha ngun
on mch ch c ngun :
U AB A B
I
r
on mch c thm in tr R :
U AB
I
Rr A R B
b. on mch cha my thu
Ch c my thu :
U AB ,
I A B
r,
C thm in tr :
U AB ,
I A R B
R r,
3. nh lut Ohm cho on mch tng qut. (va cha ngun v my thu).

U AB , I R r r ,
U AB ,
I
R r r,
VN 9. PHNG PHP KICSP
1. Vct mt dng
Mt dng in i l i lng c tr s bng in lng chuyn qua mt n v din tch
t vung gc vi vn tc ca ht mang in trong mt n v thi gian.

I
i q 0 nV
S
I cng dng in qua tit din S ca dy dn.
q 0 in tch ht mang in
n mt ht mang in
v vn tc chuyn ng nh hng ca ht mang in
Vct dng
2. Phng php Kic sp
3. Cc hng gii bi ton theo K S
VN 10.
VN 11. D
VN 12. D
VN 13. D
VN 14. D
VN 15. D
VN 16. D
VN 17. D


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Tóm tắt lý thuyết Vật Lí 11

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L thuyt nng cao Vt l 11 Tp 1

VN 1. IN TCH NH LUT CULNG

in tch nguyn t dng (prton): q p 1,6.10 19 C

Gio vin: Nguyn Tt Thnh Page 4 of 13

Gio vin: Nguyn Tt Thnh Page 6 of 13

Gio vin: Nguyn Tt Thnh Page 7 of 13

Gio vin: Nguyn Tt Thnh Page 8 of 13

Nu c n ngun ging nhau: b n. ; rb n.r

Gio vin: Nguyn Tt Thnh Page 9 of 13

Cng dng in: I I 1 I 2 I 3

Cng dng in: I I 1 I 2 I 3

Gio vin: Nguyn Tt Thnh Page 10 of 13

I l dng vo Ampe k cn o, I g l dng qua in k

Q 0,24.I 2 .R.t Calo

Gio vin: Nguyn Tt Thnh Page 11 of 13

Gio vin: Nguyn Tt Thnh Page 12 of 13

Gio vin: Nguyn Tt Thnh Page 13 of 13

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