POINTS TO REMEMBER

FOR PIPING LAYOUT AND MODELLING

A.1 CHECK LIST FOR ISOMETRICS

1) LINE NO.
2) LINE SPEC
3) START POINT LOCATION
4) END POINT LOCATION
5) BRANCH CONNECTION
6) VALVE ACCESSIBILITY
7) SUPPORT
8) INSULATION (FOR INSULATED LINE ONLY)
9) INSTRUMENT END CONNECTION
10) FLOW DIRECTION
11) HIGH POINT VENT, LOW POINT DRAIN
12) HYDROTEST VENT AND DRAIN
13) NOZZLE CONNECTION
14) NOZZLE NOS.
15) EQUIPMENT NOS.
16) COORDINATES AND ELEVATIONS
17) ISO NORTH
18) BILL OF MATERIAL
19) VALVE TAG NOS.
20) INSTRUMENT TAG NOS.
21) CONTINUATION SHEETS OR ISO. NOS.
22) GRID LOCATION AND NOS.

A.2 DOCUMENTS FOR ISOMETRICS CHECKING

1) PIPING AND INSTRUMENT DIAGRAMS

2) PIPING LAYOUTS
3) SECTIONAL DRAWINGS
4) EQUIPMENT DRAWINGS
5) NOZZLE ORIENTATION
6) PIPING SPECIFICATION
7) SUPPORT STANDARD
8) SPECIAL ITEM DRAWINGS
9) STRESS ANALYSIS REPORT

A.3 POINTS TO REMEMBER IN ISOMETRICS CHECKING

1) PUMP SUCTION IS BIGGER THAN PUMP DISCHARGE.

2) ECCENTRIC REDUCER (FLAT SIDE TOP) USED FOR PUMP SUCTION. (This is used to avoid
cavitation.)
3) AVOID LOOPS IN PUMP SUCTION AND COMPRESSOR INLET LINES.
4) PSVs should be located always above flare header.
5) CHECK THE VALVE ACCESSIBILITY FOR MAINTENANCE PURPOSE. (VALVE OPERATING HEIGHT
MIN 750mm TO 1600mm FROM FLOOR LEVEL.)
6) CHECK VALVE CAN BE LOCATED IN VERTICAL RUN PROVIDED FLOW IS UPWARD.
7) CONTROL STATION OPERATING HEIGHT 500mm TO 750mm FROM FLOOR LEVEL.
8) SHOE NOT REQUIRED FOR TRUNION. (INSULATED LINES)
9) HEADROOM CLEARANCE MINIMUM 2.2M FROM GROUND/FLOOR LEVEL.
10) DRIP LEG REQUIRED FOR STEAM LINES ON PIPE RACK NEAR TO THE BLINDED END AND AT ALL
LOW POINTS
11) SHOE REQUIRED FOR INSULATED LINES (STEAM, CHILLED WATER, BRINE, STEAM
CONDENSATE).
12) SHOE NOT REQUIRED FOR CONDENSATE LINE WHEN LAID ON PIPE RACK AND APPLICABLE
FOR ALL LINES FOR WHICH INSULATION CATEGORY IS PP (PERSONEL PROTECTION).
13) NOZZLE ORIENTATIONS SHOULD BE KEPT AS PER PIPING REQUIREMENT.
14) PIPE ROUTING CLEAR OF TRIPPING HAZARDS.
15) LOCATE CONTROL STATION NEAR TO PIPE RACK COLUMNS.
16) BOTTOM OF PIPE IN CONTROL VALVE STATIONS TO BE MINIMUM 600mm FROM GRADE.
17) USE A DYKE WALL AROUND THE EQUIPMENTS FOR AVOID THE LIQUID TO SPREAD IN THE
PLANT AREA. THE VOLUME OF DIKE WALL IS 1.5 TIMES MORE THAN TOTAL CAPACITY OF
EQUIPMENTS.
18) USE WELDNECK FLANGE FOR PRESSURE PIPING.

B.1 TYPES OF CONTROL VALVE

1) PCV PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE

2) TCV TEMPERATURE CONTROL VALVE

3) FCV FLOW CONTROL VALVE
4) LCV LEVEL CONTROL VALVE
5) XV ISOLATION VALVE
6) XCV HIGH PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE

B.2 TYPES OF PUMPS

1) RECIPROCATING PUMP
2) ROTARY PUMP
3) CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
4) VACUUM PUMP
5) METERING PUMP

B.3 TYPES OF EXCHANGER

1) AIR COOLER EXCHANGER
2) PLATE TYPE EXCHANGER
3) SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER
4) 2 PIPE EXCHANGER
5) SPIRAL EXCHANGER

B.4 TYPES OF COMPRESSOR

1) ELEVATED CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR
2) GRADE-MOUNTED CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR
3) RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR

B.5 TYPES OF TOWER

1) TRAY TOWER
2) PACKED TOWER
3) VACUUM TOWER

B.6 TYPES OF VALVE

1) GATE VALVE
2) GLOBE VALVE

3) CHECK VALVE (NON RETURN VALVE)

4) BALL VALVE

5) BUTTERFLY VALVE
6) DIAFRAGME VALVE
7) PLUG VALVE

B.7 TYPE OF FLANGES

1) WELDNECK FLANGE (FLAT FACE, RAISED FACE)

2) SLIPON FLANGE DO

3) LAP JOINT FLANGE (FLAT FACE)

4) REDUCING FLANGE (FLAT FACE, RAISED FACE)
5) SCREWED FLANGE
6) BLIND FLANGE
7) SOCKETWELD FLANGE

B.7A PRESSURE TEMPERATURE RATTING

150#, 300#, 400#, 600#, 900#, 1500#, 2500#

B.7B FLANGES FACING

1) FF FLAT FACE
2) RF RAISED FACE
3) T/G TONGUE AND GROOVE FACE
4) M/F MALE AND FEMALE FACES
5) RTJ RING TYPE JOINT FACES
B.8 TYPES OF FITTINGS
1) 90 ELBOW, 45 ELBOW (BUTT WELDED, SOCKET WELDED, THREDED)
2) EQUAL TEE, REDUCING TEE DO
3) CAP, UNION, PLUG, HALF COUPLING, FULL COUPLING, LATERAL.

B.9 TYPES OF OLETS

1) LATEROLET
2) ELBOWLET
3) WELDOLET
4) SOCKOLET
5) THREADOLET
6) SWEEPOLET
7) NIPPOLET

B.10 TYPES OF REDUCER

1) ECCENTRIC REDUCER (BUTT WELDED)
2) CONCENTRIC REDUCER (BUTT WELDED)
3) SWAGES (SOCKET WELD, THREDED)

B.11 TYPES OF INSTRUMENTS

1) PSV PRESSURE SAFETY VALVE
2) LG LEVEL GUAGE
3) LI LEVEL INDICATOR
3) PG PRESSURE GUAGE
4) PI PRESSURE INDICATOR
4) CV CONTROL VALVE
5) TI TEMPERATURE INDICATOR
6) TW THERMOWELL
7) FE FLOW ELEMENTS
8) FI FLOW INDICATORS
9) FO FLOW ORIFICE FLANGES

A GENERAL PURPOSE
1) CONTROL VALVES (GLOBE, BALL, BUTTERFLY)
2) ON/OFF VALVES (BALL, BUTTERFLY)
3) RELIEF VALVES (PRESSURE, THERMAL)
4) RAPTURE DISC
5) RESTRICTION ORIFICE

B FLOW MESSURING INSTRUMENTS

1) ORIFICE PLATE
2) VARIABLE AREA FLOW METER
3) MAGNETIC FLOW METER
4) TURBINE FLOW METER
5) POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT METER

C TEMPERATURE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

1) THERMOCOUPLES
2) RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETACTORS
3) FILLED SYSTEM
4) BIMETALLIC THERMOMETRES
5) THERMOWELLS

D PRESSURE MESSURING INSTRUMENTS

1) MANOMETER
2) BOURDEN TYPE
3) BELLOW TYPE
4) DIAPHRAGM TYPE

E LEVEL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

1) LEVEL GUAGE (DIRECT TYPE)
2) HYDROSTATIC HEAD (INFERENTIAL)
3) BUOYANCY
4) CONDUCTANCE
5) CAPACITANCE
6) RADIATION
7) FLOAT

B.12 SPECIAL ITEMS

1) STEAM TRAP (FLOAT TYPE, THERMODYNAMIC, BUCKET)
2) ORIFICE FLANGE
3) FLOW ELEMENTS
4) STRAINNER (Y TYPE SRAINNER, BUCKET TYPE STRAINNER)

B.13 TYPES OF PIPE ENDS

1) PBE PLAIN BOTH END
2) PLE PLAIN LARGE END
3) PSE PLAIN SMALL END
4) BLE BEVELLED LARGE END
5) TSE THREADED SMALL END

B.14 TYPES OF GASKETS

1) FLAT FACE
2) INSIDE BOLT CIRCLE
3) SPIRAL WOUND METTALIC
4) RING TYPE
5) METAL JACKETED

C.1 SERVICE CODE FOR UTILITY LINES

1) LPS LOW PRESSURE STEAM
2) HPS HIGH PRESSURE STEAM
3) MPS MEDIUM PRESSURE STEAM
4) CWS COOLING WATER SUPPLY
5) CWR COOLING WATER RETURN
6) CHWS CHILLED WATER SUPPLY
7) CHWR CHILLED WATER RETURN
8) BS BRINE SUPPLY
9) BR BRINE SUPPLY
10) IA INSTRUMENT AIR
11) CA COMPRESS AIR
12) DMW POTABLE WATER
13) PS PROCESS WATER

C.2 SERVICE CODE FOR PROCESS LINE

1) FG FUEL GAS

D.1 SHORT CODE

1) IBR INDIAN BOILER REGULATION ACT
2) ASTM AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TESTING MATERIAL
3) ANSI AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INSTITUTE
4) SMLS SEAMLESS
5) THD THREDED
6) BW BUTT WELDED
8) SW SOCKET WELDED
9) ECC. RED. ECCENTRIC REDUCER
10) CONC.RED. CONCENTRIC REDUCER
11) EQ.TEE EQUAL TEE
12) RED. TEE REDUCING TEE
13) CLPG COUPLING
14) VLV VALVE
15) STR STRAINNER
16) T TRAP
17) EL ELBOW
18) FOF.EL. FINISH FLOOR ELEVATION
19) PTFL.EL. PLATFORM ELEVATION
20) GR.EL GROUND ELEVATION
21) SCH SCHEDULE
22) THK THICKNESS
23) EQPT EQUIPMENT
24) SORF SLIPON RAISE FACE
25) SOFF SLIPON FLAT FACE
26) WNRF WELDNECK RAISE FACE
27) WNFF WELDNECK FLAT FACE
28) BOP.EL. BOTTOM OF PIPE ELEVATION
29) CL.EL. CENTER LINE ELEVATION
30) PCD PITCH CIRCLE DIA.
31) NB NOMINAL BORE
32) NS NOMINAL SIZE
33) BE BEVELED END
34) ISI INDIAN STANDARD INSTITUTE
35) FST FLAT SIDE TOP
36) FSD FLAT SIDE DOWN
37) SUC. SUCTION
38) DISCH. DISCHARGE
39) WP.EL. WORK POINT ELEVATION
40) GA GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
41) P&ID PIPING AND INSTRUMENT DIAGRAMES

D.2 AMERICAN STANDARD

42) ASTM THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TESTING MATERIALS
43) API THE AMERICAL PETROLEUM INSTITUTE
44) AISI THE AMERICAN IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE
45) ANSI THE AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INSTITUTE
46) AWS THE AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY
47) AWWA THE AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION
48) ASME THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

D.3 API STANDARDS

1) API5L SPECIFICATION FOR PIPE LINE
2) API6D PIPE LINE VALVES, END CLOSERS, CONNECTORS, AND SWIVELS
3) API600 STEEL GATE VALVE
4) API 605 LARGE DIAMETRE CARBON STEEL FLANGES

D.4 ANSI STANDARDS

1) ANSI/ASME 31.1 POWER PIPING-1995
2) ANSI/ASME 31.2 FUEL GAS PIPING-1968
3) ANSI/ASME-31.3 CHEMICAL PETROLEUM REFINERY PIPING-1993

D.5 BRITISH STANDARD

1) BS10 FLANGES
2) BS806 PIPES AND FITTINGS FOR BOILER
3) BS916 BLACK BOLTS, NUTS AND SCREWS
4) BS1560 STEEL PIPE FLANGES
5) BS1414 GATE VALVES FOR PETROLEUM INDUSTRIES
6) BS1600 DIMENSIONS OF STEEL PIPES
7) BS1965 BUTT WELDING PIPE FITTINGS
8) BS2080 FACE TO FACE /END TO END DIMENSIONS OF VALVES
9) BS2598 GLASS PIPE LINES AND FITTINGS.
10) BS3351 PIPING SYSTEM FOR PETROLEUM REFINERIES

E.1 DRAWINGS
1) STUDY LAYOUT
2) GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWINGS
3) PIPING AND INSTRUMENT DIAGRAMS
4) SECTIONAL LAYOUTS
5) CIVIL LAYOUTS
6) EQUIPMENT LAYOUTS
7) FABRICATION DETAILS DRAWING
8) FOUNDATION DETAILS DRAWINGS
9) STRUCTURAL LAYOUT
10) ISOMETRICS
11) PIPING DETAILS LAYOUT
12) NOZZLE ORIENTATIONS
13) PLOT PLAN
14) FLOW DIAGRAME

F1 PROCESS DESIGN CODE FOR SERVICE

1) SULFER ASME B31.3

F2.PIPING MATERIAL CODE

1) BUTTWELDED FITTINGS A234-WP5, SCH.40, B16.9
BUTTWELD, 5CROM MOLYDENUM ALLOYSTEEL PER ASTM
GRADE WP5, SCHEDULE 40, PER ANSI B16.9
2) SPECTACLE BLIND A240-304H 600LB RF SMTH
STAINLESS STEEL, PER ASTM A240 GRADE 321, CLASS 600,
PER API 590
3) PIPING CS. A106 GR. B
4) VALVE CS A216 WCB
5) FLANGE ASME B16.5, CLASS 150 RATTING
6) SMALL FITTINGS AS A182 F5
7) GASKET SPIRAL WOUND

G.1 PIPE ENDS

1) BEVELLED ENDS
2) PLAIN ENDS
3) SCREWED ENDS
4) FLANGED ENDS
5) SPIGOT/SOCKET ENDS
6) BUTTRESS END

H.1 PIPE MATERIALS

1) ASTM A53 WELDED AND SEAMLESS PIPE
2) ASTM A106 SEAMLESS CS PIPE FOR HIGH TEMP. SERVICES
3) API 5L LINE PIPE
4) IS 1239 STEEL PIPES FOR GENERAL PURPOSE
5) IS 3589 STEEL PIPES FOR GENERAL SERVICES

H.2 DIMENSIONAL STANDARD

1) ANSI B16.1 CAST IRON FLANGED END FITTINGS
2) ANSI B16.3 MALLEABLE IRON THREDED FITTINGS
3) ANSI B16.4 CAST IRON THREDED FITTINGS
4) ANSI B16.5 STEEL FLANGED END FITTINGS
5) ANSI B16.9 BUTTWELDING END FITTINGS
6) ANSI B16.11 SOCKETWELD AND SCREWED END FITTINGS

H.3 SW/SCRD FITTING MATERIALS

1) ASTM 105 FORGED CARBON STEEL
2) ASTM A181 FORGED CARBON STEEL FOR GENERAL PURPOSES
3) ASTM A182 FORGED ALLOY STEEL AND STAINLESS STEEL
4) ASTM A234 WROUGHT CARBON STEEL AND ELEVATED ALLOY STEEL PIPE
FITTING FOR MODERATE AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
5) ASTM A350 FORGED ALLOY STEEL FOR LOW TEMPERATURE SERVICES

H.3 BUTTWELDED END FITTINGS

1) ASTM A234 CARBON STEEL FITTINGS
2) ASTM A403 AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL FITTINGS
3) ASTM A420 ALLOY STEEL FOR LOW TEMPERATURE SERVICES.

H.4 FLANGED END FITTINGS

1) ASTM 216 CARBON STEEL CASTINGS
2) ASTM 351 STAINLESS STEEL CASTINGS
3) ASTM A352 ALLOY STEEL CASTINGS
4) ASTM F 1545 PLASTING LINED FITTINGS
5) IS 1538 CI FITTINGS.