OUM BUSINESS SCHOOL

SEMESTER MAY 2016

BBMP1103

MATHEMATICS FOR MANAGEMENT

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1 (a)

Row Matrix (Row Vector)

Row matrix or row vector is a matrix with only one row, as illustrated by the following
matrices:
() 13 = [1 0 1] () 14 = [1 3 2 1]

Column Matrix (Column Vector)

A matrix with only one column is called a column matrix or column vector. The following
are samples of column matrices:
3
1
2
() 31 = [0 ] () 41 =[ ]
1
3
0

Square Matrix
A matrix with equal numbers of rows and columns is called square matrix. The m x n matrix
is square, if and only if, m = n. The examples of square matrices are as follows:
3 2 1
() 22 = [1 2] () 33 = [3 1 0]
4 0
2 1 4
The elements on the main diagonal of any given square matrix are all the elements which lie
from the upper left corner to the lower right corner. The main diagonal elements for matrix
22 above are 1 and 0. While, the main diagonal of matrix 33 are 3, 1 and 4.

Diagonal Matrix
If a square matrix has at least one non-zero element on its main diagonal and all the other
elements are zero, the matrix is known as diagonal matrix or = 0 for .
Below are samples of such matrices:
1 0 0
() 22 = [1 0 ] () 33 = [0 0 0]
0 1
0 0 3

Special Matrix
Identity Matrix, denoted by I is the diagonal matrix whose main diagonal entries are 1s. Let
us now look at examples of identity matrices.
1 0 0
() 22 = [1 0] () 33 = [0 1 0]
0 1
0 0 1
Zero matrix or null matrix, denoted by 0 is the matrix when all the elements of a matrix are

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set to zero. Examples are as shown below:

0 0
() 023 = [0 0 0
() 032 = [0 0] ]
0 0 0
0 0

1 (b)

1 1 1 5
[1 4 1] [] = [ 35 ]
1 3 4 18
|| = [(4)(4) (3)(1)] [(1)(4) (3)(1)] + [(1)(1) (4)(1)]
= 19 1 + 5
= 15
5 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 5
1 = [ 35 4 1] 2 = [1 35 1] 3 = [1 4 35 ]
18 3 4 1 18 4 1 3 18
|1 | = [(35)(3) (18)(4)] [(5)(3) (18)(1)] + (4)[(5)(4) (35)(1)]
= 33 3 60
= 30
|2 | = [(35)(4) (18)(1)] [(5)(4) (18)(1)] + [(5)(1) (35)(1)]
= 158 + 2 40
= 120
|3 | = [(4)(18) (3)(35)] [(1)(18) (3)(5)] + [(1)(35) (4)(5)]
= 33 + 3 + 15
= 15
|1 | 30
= = =2
|| 15
|2 | 120
= = = 8
|| 15
|3 | 15
= = =1
|| 15

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2 (a)

(a) Determine the direction of which the parabola opens by observing the value of a.
(b) Find the turning point (x, y) using the formula below:
4 2
= , =
2 4
(c) Find the y-intercept, at which = 0.
Substitute x = 0 into the quadratic function.
() = 2 + +
(0) = (0)2 + (0) +
=
Hence, (0, c) is the y-intercept.
(d) Find the x-intercept (if it exists).
The graph crosses x-axis when = 0, that is when 2 + + = 0.
This equation can be solved by factoring or using quadratic formula.
2 4
Quadratic Formula: =
2
The graph crosses the x-axis or not, depends on the value of 2 4.
(i) When 2 4 > 0, the graph crosses the x-axis at two points.
(ii) When 2 4 = 0, the graph crosses the x-axis at only one point.
(iii) When 2 4 < 0, the graph does not cross the x-axis.
(e) Plot all the predetermined points from steps (a) to (d). Draw a smooth curve passing
through the points.

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2 (b)

i. = 2 + 2 + 1
= 1, = 2, = 1
> 0 The parabola opens at the top
Turning point:
2
= = 1
2(1)
4(1)(1) (2)2
= =0
4(1)
Hence, turning point = (-1, 0)
y-intercept = (0, 1)
x-intercept (Let y = 0):
0 = 2 + 2 + 1
= ( + 1)( + 1)
Thus,
+1=0
= 1
Therefore, x-intercept = (-1, 0)

= 2 + 2 + 1
4.5

3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
-3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

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ii. = 2 + 6 + 5
= 1, = 6, = 5
> 0 The parabola opens at the top
Turning point:
6
= = 3
2(1)
4(1)(5) (6)2
= = 4
4(1)
Hence, turning point = (-3, -4)
y-intercept = (0, 5)
x-intercept (Let y = 0):
0 = 2 + 6 + 5
= ( + 1)( + 5)
Thus,
+1=0
= 1
or
+5=0
= 5
Therefore, x-intercept = (-1, 0) & (-5, 0)

= 2 + 6 + 5
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-8 -6 -4 -2 -2 0 2
-4
-6

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iii. = 2 2 + 3
= 1, = 2, = 3
< 0 The parabola opens at the bottom
Turning point:
(2)
= = 1
2(1)
4(1)(3) (2)2
= =4
4(1)
Hence, turning point = (-1, 4)
y-intercept = (0, 3)
x-intercept (Let y = 0):
0 = 2 2 + 3
= ( 1)( + 3)
Thus,
1=0
=1
or
+3=0
= 3
Therefore, x-intercept = (1, 0) & (-3, 0)

= 2 2 + 3
5

0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6

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3 (a)

log 3 19683 =
log 3 39 =
9(log 3 3) =
9=

3 (b)

53 = 10
5
= 10
53
5
= 10
125
5 = 1250
log10 5 = log10 1250
log10 5 = log10 1250
log10 1250
=
log10 5
= 4.43

3 (c)

= (1 + )

0.03 5(12)
= 5000 (1 + )
12
= 5000(1.0025)60
= 5000 1.162
= 5808.084

3 (d)

= (1 + )

36
6000 = 5000 (1 + )
12
36
1.2 = (1 + )
12

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36
1.2 = 1 +
12

1.005077334 = 1 +
12

1.005077334 1 =
12

0.005077334 =
12
0.0609 =
@ 6.09% =