FOUNDATION CHEMISTRY I 30

mar
CHM092
ks
SESSION JUN 2017 - OCTOBER 2017

ASSIGNMENT 1

Students Name Students ID

1.

2.

3.

4.

Group

Lecturers
Name
Tutors Name

Note:
This is a group assignment. Students are requested to form a group of three to four persons per group
and the assignment should be submitted on or before 16th July 2017.
Question 1

A bottle of concentrated nitric acid, HNO3 solution has a label of 65.00% by mass
and density of 0.8362 g mL-1. Calculate the

a) molarity of the acid solution.

(3 marks)

b) molality of the acid solution.

(2 marks)

Question 2

When 60.0 g of ethene gas (C2H4) reacts with 110.0 g of hydrochloric acid (HCl),
chloroethane (C2H5Cl) is produced. Given the molar mass of ethene is 36.5 gmol-1.

a) Determine the limiting reactant in the reaction.

(3 marks)

b) Calculate the mass of excess reactant remained in kilogram at the end

of the reaction.
(2 marks)

Question 3

a) Niels Bohr introduced the atomic Hydrogen model in 1913. State the
postulate (s) of Bohrs model of hydrogen atom that been accepted and the
one been rejected by the modern quantum mechanics.
(2 marks)

b) The following sets of quantum numbers represent the four outermost

electrons of an unknown element, X, at ground state.

(3, 1, -1, +) (3, 1, -1, -)

(3, 1, 0, +) (3, 1, +1, +)

i) Draw a condensed orbital diagram for an atom of this element and

determine its magnetic property.
(2 Marks)

ii) Determine the maximum number of electrons in atom X with the

following quantum numbers, n = 2 and ms = +1/2.
(1 Mark)
Question 4

a) Write the ground state electron configuration for copper, Cu. Give reason(s)
for any anomaly in its electronic configuration.
(2 marks)

b) Draw the orbital diagram of the atom chromium, Cr and chromic ion, Cr3+.
State the number of valence electrons of both atom and ion.

(3 marks)

c) An element has a condense electronic configuration of [Ar] 4s 2 3d3. Give the

number of its valence and core electrons.
(2 marks)

Question 5

a) Atomic radius of elements is decreasing across a period due to their principal

quantum number, n and effective nuclear charge, Zeff. Describe Zeff and
explain the effect of Zeff on the atomic radius.
(3 marks)

b) Table 1 below shows the first and the second ionization energies (IE) for
elements in Period 2.
Table 1

Element First ionization Second ionization

energy energy (kJ/mol)
(kJ/mol)
Lithium (Li) 520 7298
Beryllium, 900 1757
(Be)
Boron, (B) 801 2427
Carbon (C) 1086 2353
Nitrogen (N) 1402 2856
Oxygen (O) 1314 3388
Fluorine (F) 1681 3374

i) Lithium shows massive difference in its first IE and second IE compared

to the other elements. Explain on the factor that contributes towards this
observation.
 (2 marks)

ii) Boron shows relatively lower first IE compared to Beryllium. Use orbital
diagram to explain on the irregularity in the IE values between these two
elements.
(3 marks)