Experiment-07

PULSE CODED MODULATION

AIM: To geneate the pulse coded signal using MATLAB

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
1. Personal computer
2. MATLAB Software

THEORY:
PURPOSE:
The purpose of this experiment is to introduce PCM by approaching this technique
with two methods:sampling and quantization. It is widely used in communication
systems,which is used in conversion of analog signals to their digital
representation.

BLOCK DIAGRAM AND EXPLANATION:

REGENERATIVE
AUDIO SAMPLER QUANTIZER ENCODER
REAPEATER

O/P
LPF ENCODER REGENERATIVE REGENERATIVE
DECODER
REAPEATER REAPEATER

FIG 7.1
1. Sampler: A continuos time signal converted to descrete time signal,but
signal should be oversampled.
2. Quantizer: Each sample is rounded of to the nearest quantization level.
 3. Encoder: It converts each sample into binary data.
4. Regenarative Reapeater: It is used to eliminate the noise present at i/p of
receiver.
5. Decoder: It converts binary data back to sample.
6. LPF: It is used to reconstruct message signal from sample.

PROGRAMM:
clc;

clear all;

t=0:0.0005:20;
partition=-1:0.1:1;

codebook=-1:0.1:1.1;

x=sin(t);

[index,quants] = quantiz(x,partition,codebook);

subplot(4,1,1);

plot(t,x);

title('msg signal');
subplot(4,1,2);

plot(t,quants);

title('quantized signal');

subplot(4,1,3);

y=uencode(quants,2);

plot(t,y);

title('PCM plot');

ADVANTAGES OF PCM:

Uniform transmission quality

Can store the signal
It is possible to use the various codig techniques so that only the desired can
decode the received signals.
The increased bandwidth requirement for PCM is balanced by the increasing
the SNR.
Due to digital nature of the signal,repeaters can be placed between the
transmitter and receivers.actually they regenerate the PCM signal. This
is not possible in analog system.

DISADVANTAGES:

Large bandwidth required fo transmission

The entire circuitary is complex

APPLICATION:

In compact disk
Digital telephony
Digital audio application

RESULT:
PCM has been simulated in MATLAB and graphs are plotted accordingly.