Project: Job No.

: Sheet: Rev:

Subject: Wind Load Calculation Prepared: Date: Checked:

WIND LOAD CALCULATION

(EN1991-1-4:2005 - Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General Actions - Wind Actions)

Calculation of basic wind velocity, vb:

cdir = 1.0 Directional factor; Section 4.2, Note 2 - Recommended value is 1.0
cseason = 1.0 Season factor; Section 4.2, Note 3 - Recommended value is 1.0
vbo = 40.9 m/s Fundamental value of the basic wind velocity (3 sec gust: 50 year return period)
vb = 40.9 m/s Basic wind velocity; Section 4.2, (1)P Expression (4.1) [ vb = cdir * cseason * vbo ]

Calculation of basic velocity pressure, qb:

3
air = 1.250 kg/m Air density; Section 4.5, Note 2 - Recommended value is 1.25 kg/m3
qb = 1.046 kPa Basic velocity pressure; Section 4.5, (1) Expression (4.10) [ qb = 1/2 * air * vb2 ]

Terrain category: I Terrain category, Table 4.1

z0 = 0.01 m Roughness length for terrain category I, Table 4.1
zmin = 1 m Minimum height for terrain category I, Table 4.1

Terrain roughness:
z0,ll = 0.05 m Roughness length for terrain category II, Table 4.1
zmax = 200 m Maximum height, Section 4.3.2
kr = 0.170 Terrain factor depending on z0; Section 4.3.2, Expression (4.5) [ kr = 0.19 * (z0/z0,ll)0.07 ]
cr(z) = kr * ln(z/zo) for zmin z zmax and cr(z) = cr(zmin) for z zmin Roughness factor; Section 4.3.2, Expression (4.4)

Terrain orography:
co(z) = 1.0 Orography factor; Section 4.3.1, recommended value is co(z) = 1.0 (Note 1).

Mean wind velocity, vm:

vm(z) = cr(z) * co(z) * vb Mean wind velocity; Section 4.4 (1), Expression (4.7)

Wind turbulence:
kl = 1.0 Turbulence factor; Section 4.4 (1), recommended value is 1.0.
Iv(z) = kl/co(z) * ln(z/zo) for zmin z zmax and Iv(z) = Iv(zmin) for z < zminTurbulence intensity; Section 4.4 (1), Expression (4.7)

Calculation of peak velocity pressure, qp (Clause 4.5):

qp(z) = [1+7*Iv(z)] * 1/2 * air * vm(z)2 Peak velocity pressure; Section 4.4(1), Expression (4.7)
= ce(z) * qb where ce(z) = [1+7*Iv(z)] * cr(z) * co(z)
z qp(z)
Iv(z) co(z) cr(z) ce(z)
m kPa
0 - - - - 2.306
4 0.167 1.0 1.017 2.205 2.306 Floor Level of Guard House
6.8 0.153 1.0 1.107 2.295 2.400 Roof Level of Guard House
Note: Use corresponding qp(z) with respect to height z.

z= 6.8 m Roof Level of Guard House

Calculation of external pressure coefficients, Cpe:

3.0 m Crosswind dimension, "b" refer to Fig. 7.5

13.6 m 2*h (z= h = height of the strucure), refer to Fig. 7.5
 Project: Job No.: Sheet: Rev:

Subject: Wind Load Calculation Prepared: Date: Checked:

3.0 m "e" as per Fig. 7.5

3.0 m "d", Width of the structure parallel to wind direction, refer to Fig. 7.5
15.0 m "5d" as per Fig. 7.5
2.3 h/d

1. Vertical Walls
1.1 Elevation for "e<d" 1.2 Elevation for "ed"

1.3 Elevation for "e5d"

1.2
HENCE, Elevation
for "ed"

Table 7.1 - Recommended values of external pressure coefficients for vertical walls of
rectangular plan buildings
SIDES WINDWARD LEEWARD
Zone A B C D E
h/d Cpe,10 Cpe,1 Cpe,10 Cpe,1 Cpe,10 Cpe,1 Cpe,10 Cpe,1 Cpe,10 Cpe,1
5 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -0.5 0 0.8 1 -0.7 0
2.3 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -0.5 0.0 0.8 1.0 -0.6 0.0
1 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -0.5 0 0.8 1 -0.5 0
0.25 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -0.5 0 0.7 1 -0.3 0
NOTE: For buildings with h/d>5, the total wind loading may be based on the provisions given in 7.6 to 7.8 and 7.9.2

2. Flat Roofs
 Project: Job No.: Sheet: Rev:

Subject: Wind Load Calculation Prepared: Date: Checked:

Table 7.2 - External Pressure coefficients for flat roofs

Zone
Roof Type F G H I
Cpe,10 Cpe,1 Cpe,10 Cpe,1 Cpe,10 Cpe,1 Cpe,10 Cpe,1
Sharp 0.2
Eaves -1.8 -2.5 -1.2 -2 -0.7 -1.2 -0.2
NOTE: Flat roofs are defined as having a slope of -50<<50

Calculation of internal pressure coefficients, Cpi:

For buildings without "dominant face"
6.8 m Heigth of the structure
3.0 m Width of the structure
2.3 h/d
1.0 m Window height
3.0 m Window length
2.1 m Door Height
0.9 m Door Width
3.0 m2 Window area in one side
2
3.9 m Window + door area in one side
0.3 , where =area of opening where Cpe is negative/area of all openings
 Project: Job No.: Sheet: Rev:

Subject: Wind Load Calculation Prepared: Date: Checked:

Zone Cpi
h/d
>1 0.35
0.3 0.35
0.25 0.35

Calculation of net pressure coefficient, Cpnet:

1.0 m2 Cpe,1, Area loaded for local coefficient

2
10.0 m Cpe,10, Area loaded for overall coefficient
2.8 m Height of cabin
3.0 m Width of cabin
8.4 m2 Loaded Area

WINDWARD LEEWARD
Zone D E
h/d Cpe,10 Cpe,8.4 Cpe,1 Cpe,10 Cpe,8.4 Cpe,1
5 0.80 0.82 1.00 -0.7 -0.647 0.00
2.3 0.80 0.82 1.00 -0.56 -0.521 0.00
1 0.80 0.82 1.00 -0.5 -0.462 0.00
0.25 0.70 0.72 1.00 -0.3 -0.277 0.00

Roof Type H I
h/d Cpe,10 Cpe,8.4 Cpe,1 Cpe,10 Cpe,8.4 Cpe,1
Sharp
Eaves -0.70 -0.74 -1.20 -0.2 -0.185 0.00

CASE I: When all openings are closed, hence no Internal Pressure

-0.74 -0.185
0.82 -0.521

0.82 0.00 -0.521

WIND

CASE II: When all openings are open

-0.74 -0.185 -1.09 -0.535

0.82 -0.521 0.82 -0.521

0.82 0.35 -0.521 0.47 -0.871

WIND

Due Internal Pressure Net Pressure Coefficient

 Project: Job No.: Sheet: Rev:

Subject: Wind Load Calculation Prepared: Date: Checked:

Calculation of wind load:

Uniform wind force, Nw=qp(z)*Cpnet*Spantrib

Elevation Peak Vel. Net Pressure Coefficient Tributary

z Pres., qp(z) Wall Roof Span
m kPa Windward Leeward H I m
0 2.306 0.12
4.0 2.306 0.82 -0.52 -0.74 -0.18 1.5
6.8 2.400 1.5

Net Pressure Tributary Elevation Peak Vel. Uniform Wind Force

Structure Coefficient Span z Pres., qp(z) Case I Case II
Case I Case II m m kPa kN/m kN/m
4.00 2.31
Windward 0.82 0.47 1.5 6.60 3.77
6.80 2.40
Wall
4.00 2.31
Leeward -0.521 -0.871 1.5 -4.22 -7.05
6.80 2.40
H -0.74 -1.09 1.5 6.80 2.40 -2.66 -3.92
I -0.185 -0.535 1.5 6.80 2.40 -0.67 -1.93
Overhang
Roof 0.82 0.82 1.5 6.80 2.40 2.93
(Front) 2.93
Overhang
-0.521 -0.521 1.5 6.80 2.40 -1.87 -1.87
(Back)