‘' it Step 1 of 2 8.001LE Refer to Example 5 in the text book. The change in output current is 1% of the reference current. Alo =( 5) (00 na) Al, =1 pA The output resistance is, VjL _ Vy ( nal Eee Ate rn, =e Allg {20x10°)2 4 (100x10*) 1x10" 100 oF 10° Thus, the value of z is Em] (since, 1) = Inee) Step 2 of 2 Choose the value of the aspect ratio as 10. wv —=10 L W=l0L W =10(5 pm) Thus, the value of W is [50 uml .Stop 1 of6 8.001P Refer to Figure 8.1 from the text book. Consider the expression for the output current. t= thE) Var-vF Substitute 100 pA for Jy. 500 pA/V? for x". 0.5 ym for £ . 5 um for Fy and 0.4 V for ¥, 1004 =4(500 (5H -04) (Yjg~0.4)¢ = 1008 (500 #)| 9: ‘) ? = 2 (Yes -O4) = 5 (Vos -0.4)* = 0.04 Veg -0.4= 0.04 Veg -0.4= 40.2 Step 2 of 6 Solve for the value of Ks Veg -0.4=-0.2 Vg =-0.2404 Veg 20.2.V Or Veg -0.4=0.2 Veg = 0.2404 Veg =0.6V The value of Ves should be less greater than the value of y, for the transistor to operate in saturation region. Hence, the required value of Vg, is 0.6 V - Step 3 of 6 Consider the expression for the drain current J, . 12% -h, Substitute 100 pA for J, . 1.3 V for Vy and 0.6 V for We, . 100 w= 13-06 07 100 p= 22 BR Solve for the value of R 07 Ree 100 4 =7kQ Therefore, the value of the resistor R is Step 4 of 6 The value of the output voltage will be minimum when Vy =Vgg —V, . Hence, calculate the value of the output voltage. Vorin = Ves —Y Substitute 0.6 V for Va, and 0.4 V for ¥, . Vionin =0.6-0.4 =02V Therefore, the minimum value of the output voltage W,., is Step 5 of 6 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the current source r, VIL 4, Substitute 100 pA for J, . 0.5 ym for Z and 5 V/pA for y,’ . , = wi(05n) ” 100 ys -25_ 100 = 25k Therefore, the value of the output resistance of the current source 7,4 is : Step 6 of 6 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the current source ,, in terms of change in output voltage to change in output current. Substitute 0,5 V for AVy and 25 kQ for ry - 0s 25k=— Aly Solve for the value of A, 0.5 Alo 35K =20pA Therefore, the value of the change in output current AJ, iStop 1 of5 8 .002E Write the expression for the drain current of the transistor Q, . Ip, =10 pA Substitute Zp, =10 WA.’ = 200 pA/V?, L, =1 pm and Voy =0.2 V 10x10 = }{o00n104)( (02) 4, =10x10* 10x10* 4 =2.5 pm Thus, the value of MH, is : me Step 2 of 5 Since transistors Q, and Q, are matched, the expression for the current J, is, il Substitute J, =60 WA . Jpep = 10 pA and = 2.5 pm 60x10% = =(ox10* (Fs 3) (since, Z, = L,) 2.5 ®, -(33}{o010*) =15x10* =15 pm Thus, the value of W, is Step 3 of 5 Since transistors Q, and Q, are matched, the expression for the current J, is, a1 (Malls =o re) Substitute J, = 20 WA . Ipgp =10 pA andi, = 2.5 pm. W, ys = *){ — ir = 20x10 = (10x10 (< ) (since, L, = L,) 2.5 me (22)(e0«10+) =5x10% m =Spm Thus, the value of By, is . Step 4 of 5 Equate the expressions of the currents J, and J, (shee “(Bh (2 )om =12.5 pm Thus, the value of WY, is Step 5 of 5 The transistors @, and Q, are matched current mirrors. L 4 Whi) 1 (lL) w, (22) (25 nm) =50 pm Thus, the value of , is [50 wm].Stop 1 017 8 .002P Refer to Figure 8.1 from the text book. Consider the expression for the value of Ves . Ves "Von +V, Substitute 0.3 V for Vein and 0.5 V for V, . Ves = 0.3405 =08V Therefore, the value of the voltage V,, is, 0.8 V - Step 2 of 7 Consider the expression for the drain current, i . jpatonmles Substitute 150 pA for J, 1.8 V for Vy, and 0.8 V for Vag - 1.8-0.8 150 SO p= R 1 150 Hea Solve for the value of R . R= 160» = 6.67 k2 Therefore, the value of the resistor R Step 3 of7 Calculate the value of the change in the output current, Aly . Alp =(10%) In =0.Mp Substitute 150 pA for I, Aly =0.1(150 ) =15 pA Therefore, the value of the change in output current Af, is, 15 pA . Step 4 of 7 Calculate the value of the change in output voltage, AV, AV y =Vy —Vowsn Substitute 1.8 V for Vy and 0,3 V for Vyas, AV, =1.8-03 =15V Therefore, the value of the output voltage AV, is, 1.5 V Step 5 of7 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the current source, 1, in terms of change in output voltage to change in output current. My ta ap Substitute 1,5 V for AV, and 15 wA for Al, 15 Sp =100k2 Ta? Therefore, the value of the output resistance ,, is, 100 kQ - Step 6 of 7 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the current source y,, in terms of early effect and drain current. VAL al Substitute 150 pA for J, . 100 kQ for 7, and 10 V/pA tory’ - 10/1 p)(Z) 150 Solve for the value of J, . 150 1)(100 k’ p= £150 #)(100 &) (10/1 ») =15 pm Therefore, the value of the length Z of the device is, . 100 k= Step 7 of 7 Consider the expression for the output current, Zp . 1 Ww 2 Ip= $aeu)( Ve hy) Substitute 150 pA for Jy , 400 pA/V? for 4,C,, 1.5 pm for £ . 0.8 V for Vos and 0,5 V for ¥, 150 u=2 (400 a(S Jeos- 05) Solve for the value of W - 150 n= 2400 a(S )oe- 0s)" We 2)(150 w)(1.5 ») (400 »)(0.8-0.5)' 450p (400 n)(0.3) _ 450 p 7” Tae0 (008) = 450p “ae =12.5 pm Therefore, the value of width of the device # is, . Ww" it Step 1 of 2 8.003E Write the expression of the output current of a BJT mirror with a nominal current transfer ratio. ¥,-¥, I,=1, sa [ttm cel mal Veg Substitute the nominal current transfer ratio my = 1. 1 ( "a= *u 15 = Ieee] —— |] 1+ oy del Var B Substitute 1 mA for Ipge, 100 for f, 5V for Vy and 0.7 V for Vgp - >) J, =(Ix107) vs =(tx10°)(-5 Jo.08) = 1.02107 =1.02 mA Thus, the value of fy is [1-02 mal. Step 2 of 2 Calculate the output resistance. i = 1x10 =100 k Thus, the value of the resistance #,, is 100 ‘since, desired current mirror 1 = InceStop 1 of6 8 .003P Consider the circuit diagram shown in Figure 1 Ves Ves Figure 1 Step 2 of 6 Notice that the value of ¥,,, in NMOS circuit represents the values of Vg, in PMOS circuit. Calculate the value for the maximum value of the drain to source voltage, Vase: - Vom = Vom —Vss Substitute 1,3 V for Veg and 1.1 V for Wa, - Vosea, =1.1-1.3 =02V Therefore, the value of the voltage Wye is, -0,2 V - Step 3 of 6 The value of the voltage Vygq., should be equal to Vas —V, - Vos =Vas—V, Substitute -0.2 V for Vogue, and -0,4 V for ¥, - 0.2 = V5 -(-0.4) Veg =-0.2-04 Ves =-0.6 V Therefore, the value of the gate to source voltage Vos 8, -0.6 V - Step 4 of 6 Calculate the value of the voltage at the gate terminal, V7, Vg =Veg—Vog BV tVes Substitute ~0.6 V for Vo, and 1.3 V for Ve, . V, =1.3-06 =07V Therefore, the value of the voltage V, is, 0,7 V - Step 5 of 6 Calculate the value of the resistance, R - pete Jue Substitute 0,7 V for Vz and 80 A for Zprp - Therefore, the value of the resistor R , is Step 6 of 6 Consider the expression for the drain current, 4 . 1 Ww Io=S(46u)( )Yae-K) Substitute 80 WA for fy. 80 pA/V? for 4,C,, . -0.6 V for Vas and -0.4 V for V, 1 Ww 80 n= 5(80 »(F)os--oay Ww 2 =3(7)(-06+04) 2 -(Z)-oay L Ww 2=| — |(0.04 (Z}oo Solve for the value of z . als 0 Therefore, the ratio of the width to length * should be ." it Step 1 of 3 8.004E Refer to Figure 7.30 in the text book. Write the expression for the output current of a BUT mirror with a nominal current transfer ratio. 1g = Tees ‘Substitute the nominal current transfer ratio, m=1 (since, I, = 1g, =J5) - 1 %-V, Ig * Ipex| || 1+ ° |r| iz] B Determine the value of Inge - 0.5%10" = pgp 5 (+2327) (since, Vyp = 0.7 V) 14 “100 1 0.5x10? = Iyer| —— (1.026 * w(raa)t ) _f 1.02 s Tue 3 2 V(oseio" ) =0.497x107 Thus, the value of the current Ippp iS : Step 2 of 3 Find the value for current limiting resistor. Rate Fase $-0.7 2007 0.497x10" =8,65kQ Thus, the value of the resistance R is Step 3 of 3 The transistor 2 and 2, must be in saturation to act as current mirror network. Vowin = Veema =03V Thus, the value of Vyas, is Determine the output current for VW, =5 V. 1 Va -V, fo= hae| Tat [12 B =(0497x10") or ( +527) (since, Vag = 0.7 V) 100 =(0497x 19°)( 5; ](.086) =0.529x10° A 0.53 mA Thus, the value of the current J, is .Stop 1 of5 8 .004P Refer to Figure 7.23 in the textbook for the circuit Channel width of transistor Q, is five times the channel width of transistor Q, . W, =H, The transistors have equal channel length. Leak, The output current of the current mirror circuit is, (, (7) a =], a L Substitute Z, for Ly . SH; for Wand 20 WA for Igep in the equation. To = Tree SW, Io = (20x10) * L = (20x10*)(5) =100x10% Hence, the output current is, Jy =100 wAJ - Step 2 of 5 Minimum allowable value of ¥, is equal to over drive voltage. Vo(min)= Vos, = Yor =02V The over drive voltage is, Vor = Vos VY, Vos = Voy + ¥, Vigg = 0.2 + 0.5 =0.7V Step 3 of 5 The drain current in linear region is, CL), neta) (7) Van Ww The condition for nominal value of current is (¢ - Substitute this in the equation. Tree G 1 V— Ves E=Nes 9 20 Y= Ves =0.7V Thus, the output voltage is, Step 4 of 5 The output resistance is, Rergete Tn =—2_ ~ 100x107 =200x10° Step 5 of 5 Write the equation for output resistance. NA =r, =e Renton Al, Rearrange the equation. Substitute 200 kQ for R, and 1 V for AV, in the equation 1 ~ 20x10" =SpA Thus, the change in drain current is, |AJ, Al,Stop 1 of5 8.005E Refer to Figure E7.19 in the text book. Modify the circuit diagram by marking currents as shown in Figure 1. Step 2 of 5 The transistors pairs, (QpersQ)) » (QpersQ,) +--+ (QuersQ,) act as current mirror networks whose collector currents are equal to J, . Apply Kirchhoff current law to the base node of the transistor, Q, oto Ne BB (+N) pot ttte & Step 3 of 5 Apply Kirchhoff current law to the collector node of the transistor Oper - Fase =I +t (+ N)ig Type = 1g + free = Io B bag =| 6529] Step 4 of 5 For a maximum deviation of 10% from the unity, choose the value of Ipge as 1A. Calculate the value of J, for fppe =1.A 10 1g =1-[| — o{(R)0) I,=1-01 1p=09A Substitute J, = 0.9 A in equation (1). fo 1 _ Tse Cz) B oot 1 (1+) oD (14N))_ oso 1 29048) 100 Simpify further. 0.9(1+N) 10 71-09 09 0.9(14 N) =0.1x100 0.94+0.9N =10 Step 5 of 5 Simplify further. 0.9N =10-0.9 0.9N =9.1 91 N=— 09 N=101 The deviation is less than 10%. Choose an integer value such that, W <10 Therefore, the maximum possible number of outputs for an error not exceeding 10% is [9]‘' it Step 1 of 3 8.005P Refer to Figure P7.50 in the textbook for the circuit. Redraw the circuit by representing currents J, and f, as shown in Figure 1. V, 2, Step 2 of 3 The current reference {pep is applied at the drain terminal of transistor Q) . From the circuit, the drain and gate terminals of Q, are connected, which pushes the transistor Q, into saturation region. The gate voltage of transistor Q, is same as gate voltage of transistor Q, Hence transistors Q, and Q, acts as current mirror network The current flowing in the drain terminal of transistor Q, is J, . The relation between Iggp and J, is, 1 _ (#4), Trae (WIL), Here, (WIL), indicates a transistor aspect ratio. (= 2 Step 3 of 3 The current flowing in the transistor Q, is J, - From the circuit diagram, the drain voltage of transistor Q, is equal to gate voltage of transistors Q, and Q, which in tum drives the transistor into saturation region. ‘Since the current flowing into the gate of the MOSFET is zero, the current {, is, Lt, Hence transistors Q, and Q, acts as current mirror network Relation between J, and J, is, Jy _ (WL), 1, ~ (Wi), 2) 4 -(Gak} Substitute f, for J, in the equation. h -( a } h (WL), Substitute (Src for J, in the equation. (Wi), rN a (72), WA), =| Thus, the output current of the circuit in terms of reference current Ippp is. we}Stop 1 of6 8. 006E Refer to Figure 8.12(a) from the text book. Calculate the value of the output current J, To = Agloy Substitute § for A, and 100 pA for Jy . 1,=(5)(100 2) = 500 pA Therefore, the value of the output current J, is 500 A - Step 2 of 6 Calculate the value of the output resistance Ra Rah Ig Substitute 20 V/um for y,'. 40k for Ry, and S00 pA for Jy 20 (2h) 40~2V #2 500 p L _ (40k) 500 y) yu) - 20 L,=1ym Therefore, the value ofthe length £, is [am] . The value of the length Z, is equal to the value of the length J, , therefore, the value of the L, is [um] Step 3 of 6 Consider the expression for the input resistance. 1 R,=— Sm Substitute | ko for Ry, 1 lk=— Smt 1 1k 8m =1 mS Sn = Therefore, the value of the transconductance g,, is | mS. Step 4 of 6 Consider the expression for transconductance g,, in terms of the over drive voltage and the bias current. 2p fan Z Substitute 100 wA for J, and | mA for g,y - m= 2(!00 nH) ‘ov 3-200 “Im Voy =0.2V Vou Therefore, the value of the over drive voltage Voy is 0,2 V - Step 5 of 6 Consider the expression for the transconductance gy - ene Substitute 0,2 V for Voy .1 mA for gy, . 1 pum for L, and 400 pA/V? for 4,.Coy 1m=(400 w(#.}(o2) w= (im)(1 my) += [400 )(02) W =12.5 pm Therefore, the value of the width W, is : Step 6 of 6 Calculate the value of the current gain 4, . p= (till) (W/L) Substitute 12.5 um for W, . § for A, and L, for L, 52 (alt) (20 n/Z,) R, Se (12.54) W,=(8)(1254) W, =62.5 pm Therefore, the value of the width WY isVeep tots 8. 006P Refer to Figure P8 6 from the text book, Identify the volages inthe circuit diagram shown in Figure 1 Val V Va=1V Ss = Vg TV Vg V Stop 2 of 15 Consider the expression forthe vollage. Vega Voom 2h Vesa Substitute 1 for Vas and 0.8 V © Views Vocus =0.8=1 =02V Therefore, the value ofthe voltage Voges i: -0.2 V Step 3.01 15 The value ofthe voltage Voras Should be equal o Vag, =F, . Hence, Vosmms = Vesa Vy Substitute 0.2 V for Fatma: and 0.5 V tor Vy 0.2=V.5, -(-05) Vesa =-02-05 Voy =-07V Therefore, the value ofthe gate to source volage Veg iS. -0.7V - Stop 401 15 Calculate the value of the vollage at the gate terminal, Kes . Substitute 0,7 V for Veg, and 1 V for Vegy 0.7 =03V Therefore, the value of the votlage Ves is, 03 V Step 501 15 Calculate the value of the resistance, ¥, 28k nee Substitute 0,3 V for Veg and 20 pA for Tyee - Therefore, the value of the resistor R is Step 6 of 15 Consider the expression forthe drain current. Iyep (0400) Ya-H} Substiute 20 MA. for Lapp «100 pA/V? 10° 4,Cy 0.7 V 101 Keg. 0.5 um for Zand -0.5 V fr % 20 = (100 o(g 07 (-0.8))" 1 =o Zo rorosy {ele ho Solve for the value of # (Zo 25pm The, he vos oe win Stop 7 01 15 Consider the expression for he drain current, f ho ecal(E)Ya-K) Substitute 100 wA for F,. 100 pa/V? for y,C,, . 0.7 V for Vos . 0.5 pm for £ and -9,5 for y 100 w: = 4100 a(t or-coay 1 (fi )-0 +05)? 2-| (So )o2r [aes 5 009 Solve forthe value ot Fi, m-(2okosn) =25 um Thotetoe, he value ofthe with . Step 8 of 15 Consider the expression for the drain current. J Substitute 40 pA for J. 100 pA/V? fr 4,C, » 0.7 V for Fog . 0.5 ym for £ and 9,5 V for 40 w= 3100 w( ae 7-(-0: s))' o4= (ee) +05) 08: “(roar Solve for the value ot F¥, Bios ») =10 um Therefore, he vai of teat Step 9.01 15 Consider the expression forthe voltage, Vga Voss = "Ves Substitute -1 V for Fas a4 0.8 V 10" Voges =-08-(-1) =08+1 =02V ‘Therefore, the value of the velage Vosexesi6, 0.2 V Stop 10 of 15, ‘The value ofthe voltage Vogu., should 26 equal to Voss —V, Hence, Vrsmes = Voss Yue Substitute 0.2 V 00 Vossnes 2nd 0.5 V for ¥,, 022V% 5-08 Veg 02405 Veus= 07 Therefore, he value of the gale to source vollage Yes, iS, 0.7 V Step 11 of 15, Consider the expression for the drain curert. Zy tanta) %) ar) Substiute 40 wA for J, . 400 wA/V? for 1,Cu. 0.7 V or Hog . 0.5 ym for L and 0,5:V for ¥, y, 40 1 =4(400 y){ Me #2340 Wlosn 1 aes -lo2y 02: (Boar 02 (zt, }foo \(0.7-0.5) Step 12 0f 15, sohe keto ve oH 02 ¥.-(2 jose =6.5 um Therefore, he value of the width W, is, Step 13.0115, Consider the expression for the drain current, Ig te Maca 2\a-nF Substitute 80 pA for J,. 400 pA/V? for u,C,, . 0.7 V for og . 0S um for £ and 0,5 V for 804: 3400 wf \(0.7-0.5)° 1-110 }oar 2s (Soar 2-| (H}ioo Solve forthe value of Ff, ne(eo =Sum Thertore, he vaue ote wlan W's [Sam] Step 14 of 15, Calculate the value of the oulput resistance », of the current source @ Substuie $ V/um for Vi, 0.5 um for L and 100 pA for J - 7, SOS 0) 210% =25iR Therefore, the value ofthe output resistance x, ofthe curent source Q, is. [25RD Stop 15 of 15, Calculate the value of the oulput resistance 1, ofthe current sink Q, Vide 4 ny Substitute $V/um for ¥4, . 0.5 ym for L and 80 pA for Z, - Therefore, the value of the outgut resistance xz, of the current sink , is, [31.25 QQStop 1 of5 8.007E Write the formula for transconductance, gy - Here, #, is the electron mobility C,, is the oxide capacitance x is the width-to-length ratio Ip is the drain current Substitute 387 x10 A/V? for p.C,, . 10 for x and 10x10% A Ip Bae ¥2(387«10*)(10)(10x10°) = 7400x107 = 278.2085x10* A/V 60.28 mA/V Thus, the transconductance g, is [0.28 mA/V, Step 2 of 5 Write the formula for intrinsic gain A, Substitute § 10° W/m for Vj .387%10 A/V? fr 44,C,, 10 for z + 0.36x 10% m for Land 10x10 A for Fy _ (Sx10*) J2(387x10*)(10)(0.36 x 10) a 0x10 _ (5x10*) J1003.104x10°" ~~ 3,16227x107 _ (5x10*)(31.6718x10") 3.16227 x107 0.15835 = 2 3.16227 x10™ =50 VV Thus, the intrinsic gain A, of the CS amplifier is, Step 3 of 5 Determine the transconductance, g, at Ip =100 A - Substitute 387 10% A/V? for pC, . 10 for z and 190x10% A Ip Sn 2(387x10*)(10)(100x10) = f774000x1077 = 879.77x10* A/V 60.88 mA/V Thus, the transconductance g, is |0.88 mA/V| Determine the intrinsic gain A, at J, =100 pA - Substitute 5 10* V/m for V4 .387x10% A/V? fr 44,C,, » 10 for z + 0.36% 10% m for Land 100x10* A fr Ip (510°) (87 10*)(10)(0.36 x 10%)" a vio x 10* (5x10*) /1003.104 x10 10x10 _ (5x10°)(31.6718x107) 10x10° _ 0.15835 10x107 =15.8 V/V Thus, the intrinsic gain A, of the CS amplifier is [15.8 VAV] - Step 4 of 5 Determine the transconductance, g, at J) =1 mA. Substitute 38710 A/V? for pC, . 10 for x and 19° A Ip 2(38710~)(10)( 10°) = 74x10" =27.8x10* A/V =2.78 mA/V Thus, the transconductance g, is [2.78 mA/V] - Su Step 5 of 5 Determine the intrinsic gain A, at Jy =1 mA Substitute 5x 10° Vém for V5.387%x10% ASV? for 44,C,, . 10 for z + 0.36107 m for L and 10° A for fy (5x10*) J2(387x10*)(10) (0.36 x 10+) “ tio" _ (5x10° .{1003.104x10"* 10> = (5x10°)(10.015x107) =5VV Thus, the intrinsic gain 4, ofthe CS amplifier is [5Peseta 8,007F ‘he RCS cure mor nih Cons of vee HDS rans Shown FU 1 Yoo a a2 hoe 4 er i 4 Fiewe 1 spits fective nant wet fie enna anetare y 1D pn (atpteurutntenet acute rat 1 te) 20x10" ooo) 202102) = 200.10 2200 ua Thus. ud ctr of sor PHOS Maneieie Smpseris ‘Tre epee eerie tan re es (ites 24 20) hus, mo cup car oh hi PHOS marae sepaes see fabs ont wth of oe ane anor = 20 om “he stot cura eson oa. caret rats ite t ‘recut caren eterno et aceboy (nt, #1 #2) Tae ms (oom 1040) roxio ono ss0x10" ak ruse cpt curr ot Seq PMOS IMAI Sup sors he estat cureneeerehi er et a nd aa rage eden ot PHS eter Bons oi15 Fetes inal wet ge enna rane = 0 “These caret reson ox cane mie natwak fe el ‘re gotcuren eer or tan ocean (bce, 1, = = 1) wie {toose, M, = 10m) tos10* 4,=(000000°) we) n2sn10¢ 3 uk ‘rus, me ett cert ot serra PMOS Hanae Bop ats “heel curenelaerci fe ta ed ani Pn rere 1, 20x10 colt HO Toate? * Fox (choose, = 20 jm} Thus ugar ote PHOS eri Seen ve posse cases, ouraeen gp ures te ear, Ths, We UA CUTE Fe supsers ‘rye arsisos are dos somone. hn acs ssn ant was wish oar crn ‘linha. Th lors ato e er Tnerbra tecie chemetwith nc tn onacicanestes eng wit 10 jam nd 20 an Weg =10 420 pr 30 pa “Trecho wan of rani = The cotearet is (since, =, = 1) ) —h_ sonot Toxo Sos ante ~toon0' (Set) winaste* =masin “rus, nc ups cter ote POS Mme Sapsens racine nemarwith ro sls once NSE BERG WE 10 ad 0 gh Wg =10 sn 40 ge 250 sen ‘recanne wish omer bers6ie 6 Wy = 20 ym (nce 1, =L) Sup 190115 sty mrt, hue he gpd caret tt EOS nant DA] Bop 1 038 race enamatwith ro sls once ont Berna Wh 20 mand 40 gm Wg #20 ra 40 jon = um “he chao wh of aaron My (ance y= t=) ) oxi ~ (oon a 1667104 166 A ‘Tran mace cre ot ie POG wane FESTA] Se orth aero a pcs cas. tos dent ep ours obi Tr, spt care re (eA, 13533 WA, 0d 1667 Step 2 15 Trectancurentetarancls, (Cent Fae ig =20 om La (aing ny ‘oooh ("Ete iste 1004 0 AA A304 Hn 8 OY 2010" W010 Hono HE Vas 06F 100 ~(50) 301% -06)" fey (g-06y = 12, re-06) 0.0667 Yq 06 «SOO We-agsoases Ne xse0ase6 We -0ssna6v “Thus. sure awe votane (Ve). [eg =ORSHIEY] Bop 18018 For Weg 50 yom (fen SUReI 100d gr OO AMV Ht Hy 50 jam 6 Mag Lyon 9° E208 06 V CH her 7 too ato ~Hoosi09 (28, aay 7 100 ={50)(50)(¥%- 06)" (rn-t6y 9 (re-087 0.08 Sip ort smote %—,~ 96~J00% ¥e-06=02 vy =06402 ve e0av Thus mesoucerogue orage (Vy Pa a gm Le (Malin, ony no $() 09 sues par two x16 ~ Horne 100 = (50)(60} 067 (9-067 = (re-06} -0003 M06 = SOS Mog m0. 18246 ¥og =0640.18248 Vy = 07848 V “thus, the scurte #2 gate votaye (V,.) = [Fp 2078288 V)Stop 1 4 8. 008E Refer to Figure 7.4 (a) in the text book for the common-source amplifier circuit. Write the formula for transconductance g,, of transistor Q, . ole Substitute 387 x10 A/V? for kK. eam for ° and 100x10°A for Ipge - 0.36x 10% = [2(387x10*)(20)(100x10*) = V1.548«10" 25x10" AV =1.25 mA Therefore, the transconductance g,, of Q, is [1.25mA/V] - Sa = p(asraao*)( 22310 7.210% }(to0x10*) Step 2 of 4 The resistance, r,, is, yo i In fat Zale Trex Substitute $x 10° V/m for V4, . 0.36pm forL and 100pA for Ipee he (5x10°)(0.36) ‘ol 100 =18x10° 2 =18kQ Thus, the resistance ry is Step 3 of 4 The resistance, ris, cL noe Tos VAL t= ar Substitute 6x 10° V/m for Vi, , 0.36pm forZ, and 100pA for Ipre _ (6x10*)(0.36) 100 =21.6x10 2 =21.6kO Thus, the resistance y,, is . Step 4 of 4 The vottage gain is, a) Substitute 1.252107 A/V fOr Bai » 18x10? 2 ©F Me ANd 21.6x10? 2 fF hy A,=~(1.25x107)[ (18% 10")|1(21.610°)] _ -g{_(18%10°)(21.6x10°) =-(125x10 eas = -(1.25 10°)(9.8182x 10°) =-123 VV Thus, the voltage gain 4, is [=12.3 V/V] 4,= 8mstep 1 of 13 8.008P Refer to Figure 8.7 from the text book. @) Consider the expression for the current Jys¢ in terms of the current J, Taap = hy = Apply natural logarithm. In(Ieer)=In (I, In (Ieee) =In(1,)+In(e"*” ) ln (Inee )- 1 (15) = +tzin(e) a “Cele Solve for the value of Vag y, =r] Js ‘Substitute 2§ mV for Vy and 19"!7 A for I, Ve = (asm)n( Za) my — ‘Therefore, the expression for the value of Vy. is. (asin Step 2 of 13 Recall equation (1). Vas ~(e5myin{ a.) Substitute 10 pA for Ipge Veg =(25 mya) = (25 m)(27.63) =0.691V Therefore, the value of Vag for the value of the current gee =10 WA |s 0.691 V Step 3 of 13 Recall equation (1). y, = (asmyin( Za ‘Substitute 10 mA for pgp - Vg = (25 myn( 1 2) I = (25 m)(34.54) 0.864.V Therefore, the value of V,g for the value of the current Iger =10 mA is 0.864 V Stop 4 of 13 Write the range of voltage Pye The range of the voltage Vy, i. [0.693 VS Vg, 50.864 V | for te range of the current Pye » 10 HA S Iggy S10 mA Step 5 of 13 Consider the expression for the output current. J, . = tue. 1+0 = Ise The range of the output current is, [10 WA S Jy S10 mA | since. y= Ieee - Stop 6 of 13, (b) Recall equation (1) Ig= 14 & Substitute 100 for 8. ‘Therefore, the expression for the current J, iS ju Step 7 of 13 Recall equation (2). pnt Substitute 10 wA 10° Ipep - peu 1.02 SpA Therefore, the value of the output current for the value of current Iprp =10 nA is, 9.8 WA Step 8 of 13, Recall equation (2). Substitute 10 mA for Lege 10m 1.02 =93 mA Therefore, the value of the output current for the value of current pee =10 mA is, 9.8 mA Step 9 of 13 ‘Write the range of output current. fa, The range of the output current is, [9-8 pA < 7, $9.8 mA | for the range of the reference current, 10 HA S Iggp $10. mA Stop 10 of 13 Recall equation (1). 2 & Sunstitute $0 for B and 10 pA for Iya, - The value of the output current is, Step 11 of 13 Recall equation (1) t= 1m 1+ & Substitute 100 for B and 0.1 mA for Feep 0.1m 2 raed *j00 __olm © 140.02 Ig= The value of the output current is, Stop 12 of 13 Recall equation (1). The value of the output current is, Step 13 of 13 Recall equation (1) ef = 15 & Suostitute $0 for B and LOMA 10F Ipep - The value of the output current is, [9.62 mA.Step 1 of 5 Determine the resistance r,. B nek "8s __100 4x10? =25kQ The input resistance of the CE amplifier is, Rah Therefore, the input resistance R,, is [25 kA]. ~ 1] 8.009E Step 2 of 5 Determine the value ofr, . eld te _ 50 ~ 0.1% 107 =0.5MQ Thus, the value of ri Step 3 of 5 Determine the value of g,, - L Bare a 01x10? © 25x10" =4mA/V Thus, the value of g,, is Step 4 of 5 Determine the value of A, - 4, = ule = 4x 107x0.5 x 10° = 2000 V/V Thus, the value of A, is Step 5 of 5 Determine the amplifier voltage gain. 1 A= 7 8alo _ 4x10? x 05 10° 2 =~1000 V/V Therefore, amplifier voltage gain A_is|-1000 V/V]." it Step 1 of 5 8.009P Refer to Figure 8.7 from the text book. Consider the circuit diagram shown in Figure 1 Figure 1 Step 2 of 5 Consider the relation for the base to emitter voltages for both the transistors Veer =Vae2 Substitute V, u(4) for Vag, and V; u(Ze) for Vee - Ty, ds I ¥, in| 2.]=7, tl i) r (i) r (# at ere fo de =fa Ts: > But Jo nla is equalto m . Hence, la I Therefore, the value of the current Jy, is fo. m Step 3 of 5 Consider the expression for the reference current. Fesp = bey t dy + Ly substitute 42. to d 40 fo Subst "Ly and 0" Ia Toy A fear Test HE tol tog) ode ‘Substitute to for Boy - = 1), fo Jar = (e\va)*4 Ig lim a) Gard e's) Ig _ om ~ 4 Tor pq btm (1) ™ Therefore, the expression forthe curent transfer ratio is | | Tm B Step 4 of 5 Recall equation (1). Jom Teer tol Substitute o for # . tom l+m Tree 14 “T+0 =m To = eget (2) Step 5 of 5 Recall equation (1). Ig _ om Tage telt™ Here, Zp is 10% lower to the value of equation (2) (100% -10%) Ieee mm Jase teltn Substitute g0 for B . 7 = 7.89 Therefore, the value of the current transfer ratio m is | 7.290‘' it Step 1 of 3 8.010E Refer to Figure 8.18(a) from the text book. Consider the small signal equivalent circuit diagram shown in Figure 4 Figure 1 Step 2 of 3 Consider the nodal equation at output terminal. % rsh), Ye (tree eet )Re } =0 vp (1+ en) Ry =— —_ (4+) oO eg) R, Therefore, the value of the voltage v,, is —v, +R, (I+ g.7)R Step 3 of 3 Apply nodal analysis at node 1. 1, +R, Substitute -v, +R) for v, “(l+gan RF +R) (Aisgets ote teno “Ue RAR R (+R) deg) ve Me “Urea eR) ER »,{ G+) (I+z, tk nt, pte Mat 9 nl(+en)R) Rlten)R) eR wy { t® aE pte 2g “lnk R(l+g,07) 5 ging t}siee0 TR R(l+gan)R Lg nt Re ZR) RR) tte) R GC o- Ea me z “( alee) we Rk Vee Ret l+gn tk, The term 2. represents the expression for the input resistance R, of the circuit. +8 ale we Vg RR, Therefore, the expression for the voltage gainis | Re | R+Rk," it Step 1 of 2 8.010P Consider the circuit diagram shown in Figure 4 for the pnp version of the current mirror circuit. Q Q, To Jisr Figure 1 Step 2 of 2 Consider the expression for the current transfer ratio for the identical transistors. Therefore, the value of the current transfer ratio is [0,962 1 _Step 1 of 4 Consider the expression for the input resistance of the CG amplifier at gir, >>I 1 a (1) % Bn Bale Substitute Q for R, - oo Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, =0 is ~ 1] 8.011E Step 2 of 4 Recall equation (1). 1k R,=—+ 8m Bako Substitute r, for R, . Rete Bu Bale Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, = r, is Step 3 of 4 Recall equation (1). Rete Sn Bale Substitute (g.y,)r, for Ry Rat leet Baro +7, 4 mn it iran 1 As g, 7, >>I, itimplies %, >>— . (enr)% Sule 1 =—tr, ™ =f Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, =(gur,)%, i Step 4 of 4 Recall equation (1). Ay x arr Substitute ao for R, . 1 Ratt Bn Bale =+t0 8 =o Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, =00 is | aoStep 1 of 4 Refer to Figure 8.7 from the text book. Consider the expression for the current transfer ratio for the identical transistors. to - Tre 142, Substitute 0 for B and 1 mA for Tepe It Im 142 Therefore, the value of the current J, is. 1 mA - 8.011P Step 2 of 4 Calculate the value of the output resistance y,, . y, = Ton To Substitute | mA for Z, and 90 V for Vy, . fa Tn =90kQ Therefore, the value of the output resistance 7, is, 90 kQ - Step 3 of 4 Consider the expression for the output resistance »,, in terms of change in output voltage and change in output current. ree aoe Substitute 90 kQ. and 10 V-1V for VW, . Aly =0.1 mA. Therefore, the value of the change in current A, i Step 4 of 4 Calculate the percentage change in the value of output current. Substitute 0.1 mA for AJ, and | mA for Jy - = 21m 100 Im = 0.1100 =10% AI,% Therefore, he value of the percentage change in the output current is,Stop 1 of4 8.0125 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the CG amplifier at gur, >> 1 - Rat (Sate)R - Substitute Q for R, . Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, = 0 is cE] . Step 2 of 4 Recall equation (1). Ra =t+( Bale) R, Substitute r, for R, - Ra =% + (Buta )(re) =r (I+ Bat) As g,r, >>. itimplies 1+ 9,7, =g,F, - Rua = (Bare) to Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R=, is Step 3 of 4 Recall equation (1). Rea =% + (Bute) R Substitute (gr,)r, for R, - Rua 21 + (Bale) Bale Me =7,(I+(g.4)') As gar, >>I. itimplies 14(g 7)’ =(gur,) Ra = (eure) Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, = gr, is : Step 4 of 4 Recall equation (1). Reet (Bare )R Substitute oo for R, - Rate+ (Buh, )e =r+0 =o AS g,f, >> 1. itimplies 1+(g4n) = (gr) - Rua = (Bat) %o Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, =o isStop 1 017 8.012P Refer to Figure P8.12 from the text book. Consider the expression for the output current. 143% VY, To = Tege a! 142 B Assume 0,7 V for Vgg . Substitute $0 V for |¥,|. 1 V for Yq and 59 for 6 po 3-07 1m=Ipge —a- +5 113 = Jeep 2 4G 5041.3 50 = Teer! S042 50 51.3 =, — wn 52) 1 m= Iggy (0.987) Im 0.987 Tyee = 1.014 mA Therefore, the value of the reference current Fyre iS . Jase = Step 20f7 Calculate the value of the collector voltage V, . Vo = Vez Ven Assume 0.7 V for Vig . Substitute 3 V for Ve, . V_=3-07 =23V Therefore, the value of the collector voltage V, is 2.3 V . Step 3 of 7 Calculate the value of the resistance R - rete Fese Substitute 2.3 V for Vp and 1.014 mA fr Tere 23 1014m =2.27kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance R is. Step 4 of 7 Calculate the value of the output resistance r, net nat Substitute 50 V for V, and 1 mA for J, . Therefore, the value of the output resistance r, is, 50 KR - Step 5 of 7 The maximum value of the output voltage occurs for the minimum value of the emitter to collector voltage, that is for the value of ¥,-, =0.3 V . Hence, calculate the value of the maximum value of the output voltage. Vous Vie Voc Substitute 3 V for Veg and 0.3 V for Veg - Vow, =3-0.3 =27V Therefore, the maximum value of the output voltage is Step 6 of 7 Consider the expression for the value of the output resistance », in terms of the change in output voltage and the change in the output current. =e Al, io ta Substitute 50 kQ and 2.7 v-(-5) Vio K. 50k 50k =2745 47 Mo SOK Al, = 0.154 mA Therefore, the value of the change in current Af, is, . Step 7 of 7 Calculate the percentage change in the value of output current. Ag% = 12.100 Ig Substitute 0,154 mA for Aly and 1 mA for Ia - Aig%= AFM 100 =0.154x100 =15.4% Therefore, he value of the percentage change in the output current is.T Step tof 8 .013E Consider the small signal equivalent circuit diagram for the Gommon Source amplifier without load resistance. Neglect the resistance y, in the circuit diagram. + Figure 1 Step 20f6 Apply nodal analysis at the output terminal. ¥ +¥)) teat = 0 wo tle = ¥ Ye gy, =0 " Vz +Vp —Y, + BaMpt, =0 Ya (l+8. ac, “Tee Jay : Ma, Therefore, the expression for the voltage vg, is ——* l+grn Step 3 of 6 Apply nodal analysis at node-1. o (Beans) Bas) he v,(R, (14+ 8.7,)+7%)+¥,(R +n)-¥R, =0 Substitute I+e,r, for v, - (ae Je (near per)en(R +r bw (Re gig }en(Ren)-.8=0 2. ~R,-—2 |= "ee -R} (a xR I+ear, 7) ° te Je(e-gz}-° I+8.r, 1+ gr, “{ “( “aa) ' eit Je I+gur, ! ex I+8nr, +v,(g.7,)=0 v, =v, (ga) y, “2 s-, % Eule Here, “ represents the gain open loop gain A, y 1 4 = -Bnle Therefore, the expression for the gain A, i Step 4 of 6 Consider the small signal equivalent circuit diagram for the Common Source amplifier with load resistance. Neglect the resistance nin the circuit diagram. + Vv; zr Figure 2 Step 5 of 6 Apply nodal analysis at the output terminal. v-(-% +4) % vp (I+ gar )=% ve Therefore, the expression for the voltage vy, is eq] my (+a) “Ulta )R Step 6 of 6 Apply nodal analysis at node-1. anne wv (ep) ao - adecmenjentnen-nnes R, +r, Substitute —Y/___y | Au *%e_ | for y, (esa) * T+ 2,7) ea (iz) merece sn)ouk.=0 (Re+n)(R (1+ 80%)+%))_v(R (+ 8.r) +6) (I+e.n)R, )- (a +u,(R+7%)-v,R, =0 RR (+907, )+nR +R (ltgen)tn , )_ . Tare En alae ie -aoa)eo sRUsee), a |- roars R- + s I+gar, (tau )R, (I+ enr)R Iter, peR(lten) on J-»( ts -n}e0 Tee (lesn)R (ten)R) lite” a Aiea), a (a) (ae “( err re (rs Teer, (rer )R, (eer R, I+gr, 1 (l+earn)R, n) ee Ee ee] »( ¥.(R +(14 B00) R +%)-% (BWR) =O I+gur v.(Ri+(I+ 20 )R +1) =v: (—BateR.) ¥,(R, +R, + BarR, +1 )=V4(-B0r)R v,(R, +R, +(g,8 +1)r,)=¥(-20n)R, Here, the term R, +(g,R, +1)s, is approximately equal to (g,R, +1)r, since g,r, >>1 ¥(R,+(gak, +1) =% (“gare )R, y, R, a Re Re ¥, Here, - represents the gain open loop gain A, . % R, 4-8 Re RAE R, Teer, he expression forthe goin, i a (2.8, +1)r,F orop 1 of 14 8.013P Refer to Figure P8.13 from the text book. Identify the voltages and currents in the circuit diagram shown in Figure 1 +10V +10V +5 V +5V +5V Step 2 of 14 Calculate the value of the voltage Vy) . Vy, = Vex —Vog Substitute § Y for V,, and 0,7 V for Vyy Vq =5-0.7 =43V Therefore, the value of the voltage V,, IS, 4.3 V The node voltage Vz, represent the nodal voltage of V_, Stop 3 of 14 Calculate the value of the voltage Vey Ver Vee Vee Substitute =§ V for Vag and 0.7 V for Vog - Therefore, the value of the voltage Vp, is, 4.3 V The node voltage Vp, represent the nodal vollage of Vg, Step 4 of 14 Calculate the value of the current Jy, ‘Therefore, the value of the current Jy, iS, 0.43 mA - Step 5 of 14 The currents oy» Fey + Leys Leas des» Lee» fer» dew» Ley + Fev and Tey, represent the value of the current J,, due to the characteristics of the current mirror circutt. Step 6 of 14 Calculate the value of the current Igy - Tyg = leg tle Substitute 0.43 mA for gq and Zog - Jqq 30.43. m+0.43 m = 0.86 mA Therefore, the value of the currentis, 0,86 mA. Step 7 of 14 Calculate the value of the voltage Vy - V_= Ve Substitute 4.3 V for Vgq and 4.3 V for Vp, Vp = 0.43-(-0.43) =0.43+0.43 = 0.86 V Therefore, the value of the voltage Vp, is. 0.86 V - Stop 8 of 14 Calculate the value of the voltage Veg . Vey = Deg Ry Substitute 0.43 mA (or Ic, and 8kQ for Ry Vaz = (043 m)(8 k) =3.44V Therefore, the value of the voltage Vy, is. 3,44 V Step 9 of 14 Calculate the value of the voltage Wy - Ves = Lous Substitute 0.43 mA for Fog and 3,6 K02 for R, - Vqy = (0.43 m)(3.6 k) =1.548V Therefore, the value of the voltage V,, is, 1.548 V Step 10 of 14 Calculate the value of the voltage Vp, Va =—leRy Substitute 0,86 mA for I,, and $kQ for Ry Vqy = ~(0.86 m)(5k) =-43V ‘Therefore, the value of the voltage V,, is. -4.3V Step 11 0f 14 Calculate the value of the voltage Ve, Ves = Fou Substitute 0.43 mA for Jo, and 10 kQ for Ry Vy, =(0.43 m)(10 k) =4.3V Therefore, the value of the voltage Vy, is, 4.3 V . Step 12 of 14 Calculate the value of the voltage Vy Vas = Vee ‘Substitute 0.7 V for Vey Vy 20.7 Therefore, the value of the voltage Pg, iS. 0.7 V - ‘The node voltage Vo, represent the nodal voltage of Vp, . Step 13 of 14 Calculate the value of the voltage aig - Vang = Vex — Var Substitute 10 V for V,, and 0,7 V for Vyg Vang =10-0.7 =93V Therefore, the value of the voltage Vy is. 9,3 V - The nodal voltages Vey » Vog fepresent the nodal voltage of Voyy Step 14 0f 14 The value of the currents Foy. Igy Fea» Leys Lan Teas bes Tas 270 Tey, iS, [0.43 mA | and the value of the current Jp, is, The values of the voltages across the resistors are . : The values of the nodal voltages are : [%og=43V]. [¥,,=0.7V].[¥,=0.7V].[%.=93V] and [¥,, =93V] ey Tea deg ew «Step 1 of 4 Consider the expression for the input resistance of the Common Base amplifier. Rar tk | ay ‘e R * Bel Substitute Q for R, - Therefore, the expression for the input resistance at R, = is EJ] . ~ 1] 8.014E Step 2 of 4 Recall equation (1). r+R, R=t| nee B+l Substitute y, for Ry - rtr, =r|-2te R=] 27% r+ te ° B+l t Here B+1>> 4, resulting —2— 0 . B fo Bri (i) 3) =2r, f R oi Therefore, the expression for the input resistance at R, =, is Step 3 of 4 Recall equation (1). +R, R, =| nt B+l Substitute (#+1)s, for R, wea .+(B+i)n wi) =e R ant(B+1 A 2 Here (8+1)r, >> r, resulting to (B+1)r, - (A+) ar Here, the expression (8 +1)r, is equalto 7, . R= nie Therefore, the expression for the input resistance at R, =(#+l),, is [=| . Step 4 of 4 Recall equation (1). Here, the expression (8 +1)r, is equal to 7, . ah Therefore, the expression for the input resistance at R, => 7, fan o(22) er =n Bale =1,(I+8,7) Here, the term gyr, is equalto f Re = (148) Therefore, the expression for the output resistance at R, = 4, is. Step 5 of 5 Recall equation (1). =14| lear, We R As R, oo , itimplies x7 Reh + (5) =n +8dole =1,(1+8,%) Here, the term gyr, is equal to f . Rou =F (1+ 8) Therefore, the expression for the output resistance at R, =o is8.015P We don't have the solution to this problem yet. Get help from a Chegg subject expert." it Step 1 of 4 8.016E Refer to Figure 8.28 in the text book. Calculate the value of the output resistance, y, . nel oor Substitute 10 V for V, and 1 mA ‘or J, . 40, “Tm =1kQ % Therefore, the value of the resistance ¥, is 1k - Step 2 of 4 Calculate the value of the transconductance, g, . Substitute 25 mV for ¥, and 1 mA for J, -im 50 25m =0.04S Therefore, the value of the transconductance, g, is. 0.04 S Calculate the value of the resistance, r, £ nee Bn Substitute 0,04 § for g, and 100 for B Therefore, the value of the resistance 7, is. 2.5 kQ. Step 3 of 4 Calculate the value of the output resistance R,, when the source terminal is degenerated. Ry =[1+e0(R lle) Rus -[i+e.(Bee Jf. este a) Substitute 2,5 kQ for r, , 0.04 for gy. 10 kQ for r, and $00Q for R, - Re -[1+(000( SOS) oo ¥) 500+2.5k -['+(000( EEE) 00 ¥) =[1+(0.04)(416.7)](10 k) =[1+16.7](10k) Ry =(17.7)(10 k) =177kQ Therefore, the value of the output resistance R,, when the source terminal is degenerated is Step 4 of 4 Calculate the value of the output resistance, R,,, without source degeneration. Recall equation (1). “Fy R,=|1+g,[ 2] |p Rt Substitute Q for R. ali+g,(O% Ru -[ie.( =[1+0],, =% Substitute 10 kQ for r, . Ry =10k2 Therefore, the value of the output resistance R__ without source degeneration i: 10kQ|-8.016P We don't have the solution to this problem yet. Get help from a Chegg subject expert.Step 1 of 3 Refer to Figure 8.29 in the text book. Calculate the expression for the output voltage v, . ¥%=-(8ni%4)(Kia) - a) Therefore, the expression for the output voltage v, is -(g4,v,)(Kry) - ~ 1] 8.017E Step 2 of 3 Consider the expression for the voltage ¥, . (Sar% Substitute v, for vp, - y (8ai% at Therefore, the expression for the voltage y, is -(g_,¥, )rzy Step 3 of 3 Apply nodal analysis at output terminal. ye Y, egy, ton Substitute —y, for v,2 "Bar =O VV —VEmabea =O % = FM Basler %=4(I4 Bara) Here, gat. >>I and hence 1+ gy.%2 © Saale % =" (Bnatee) Substitute —(g,,v,)z,, for v, - (2) (8% )(Banatia) tar o> Compare the equations (1) and (2). K=8,i%a Therefore, the approximate value for the factor x is[g_or.] -" it Step 1 of 6 8.017P Refer to Figure 8.12(a) from the text book. Consider the expression for transconductance g,, in terms of the over drive voltage and the bias current. 200 p Therefore, the expression for the over drive voltage Voy, is Step 2 of 6 Consider the expression for the transconductance g,, . v( i 00 ‘Substitute 2 for Voy . 10 pm for W, . 0.5 pm for Z, and 500 pA/V? for 4,.C gy - “onl Therefore, the value of g., is 1.414 mS - Step 3 of 6 Calculate the value of the input resistance R. . R, +1 Sm Substitute 1.414 mS for g,, - I * Taam =707.11Q Therefore, the value of the input resistance R,, is Step 4 of 6 Calculate the value of the current gain A, . 4, = il) (R/h) Substitute 10 pm for HW, . 50 wm for W, and 0.5 ym for £, and 2, - 4,~{0wosw) (10 p/0.5n) =5 Therefore, the value of the current gain A, is BE] . Step 5 of 6 Calculate the value of the output current J, Jo = Aston Substitute § for 4, and 100 pA for J, Ig =(5)(100 pn) = 500A Therefore, the value of the output current J, is 500 pA Step 6 of 6 Calculate the value of the output resistance Re peal Jo Substitute 10 V/ym for y,' . 0.5 pm for Z, and 500 pA for Jy _ (10)(0.5) R= S008 =10kQ nce R. is [10kQ]- Therefore, the value of the output‘' it Step 1 of 3 8.018E Refer to Figure 7.10 and Example 7.4 in the text book. The changed value of J is, Letxoss um 2 Find the changed value of Vy, . ¥,= Lil = 5x0.55x10" 5x10 =1375V Step 2 of 3 The new value of output resistance R, is, ann “Ma Substitute 1.375 V for ¥, and 0.3 V foro, 375 | 1.375 R a *Toox107 =17640 Therefore, the output resistance R, is[126 ka]. Step 3 of 3 Write the expression of the drain current J ton nent 1) Substitute 100 pA fr Zp. 90 A/V? for Cy. 0.3 V for Vey, 1.375 V for V, and 0.3 V for|Moy|. Find the value of - : L, w Td | phim we * Var 1 . 100x10* 4 90x10 (03)'x(1+ 9% 1373 = 20.26 Thus, the value of z" it Step 1 of 6 8.018P Refer to Figure 8.12(a) from the text book. Calculate the value of the output current 7, . To Alo, Substitute 4 for A, and 200 pA for J,, . Zo =(4)(200 w) =800 pA Therefore, the value of the output current J, is 800 HA . Step 2 of 6 Calculate the value of the output resistance Ry VL Io R= Substitute 20 V/wm for y,', 20kQ for Ry and 800A for J, . 2)0) (2 20k=i 42 _ 800 Ln (2 &)(800 (1 4) 20 r= 22. k)(800 #)(1 4 - 20 L=0.8 um Therefore, the value of the length 7, is . Step 3 of 6 Consider the expression for the input resistance. 1 R,=— Sai Substitute 500 © for R, - Sm =500 Sui =2 mS Therefore, the value of the transconductance g,, is 2 mS. Step 4 of 6 Consider the expression for transconductance g,, in terms of the over drive voltage and the bias current. gy 22 Vor Substitute 100 pA for J, and 2 mA for gy 2 ma 2(200H) ‘ov 400 4 Voy = vim Voy =0.2V Therefore, the value of the over drive voltage Vy, is 0.2 V - Step 5 of 6 Consider the expression for the transconductance gy . oath Substitute 0,2 V for Voy .2 mA for g,, . 0.8 pm for L, and 400 pA/V? for 4,Cay - Sai am=(400 9s )(o2) 2m)(0.8) (a0 (02) W, =20 wm Therefore, the value of the width IY, is Step 6 of 6 Calculate the value of the current gain A, . (#,/L) (W/L) Substitute 20 pum for W, . 4 for A, and Z, for L, . gable) (20 4/2.) a= (204) W, =(4)(204) W, =80 um 4= Therefore, the value of the wiath W, is [80 um | -Step 1 of 2 Refer to Figure 7.11 in the text book. Write the expression for the voltage Vay - You = Von — Vou— ¥, Substitute 1.8 V for Vg . 1.1 V for Vqq and 0.5 V for ¥, . Voy = 18-11-05 =18-16 =02V Thus, the overdrive voltage at which the four transistors are operatin, ~ 1] 8.019E Step 2 of 2 Find the allowable range of voltage at the output. The minimum voltage at the output is, Vouia = =05V The maximum voltage at the output is, Von = Yao ¥, =18-0.5 =13V Thus, the allowable range of voltage at the output is 10.5 Vto 1.3 V|rT 7 Stop 1 of 8 8.019P Refer to Figure P8.19 in the text book. Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram Step 2 of 8 Apply nodal analysis at node-1. Bate Sneed (1) 1 I tn ae M1 =O Therefore, the value of the voltage v,,, is —g,, (/ halt |v, m2 Step 3 of 8 Consider the expression for the output voltage, v, . mM es (Ry [I5) Substitute ntl tally for Ye ¥, = Bar (Ry liter )(-SniMet) SauSns (Ry Il rat Wal = ‘eo Substitute vy, for Vv, .. (2) = = BmBus (Rel tlt Wr Ie 2 Therefore, the expression for the output voltage v, is, mus (Re Il Step 4 of 8 Recall equation (2). = Bmi8as (Ry Il rat llr, Saba (Re Ira tol tt) m2 ‘ Therefore, the expression for the voltage gain is | 2nrZma{ a} ro lla ll ! } . Step 5 of 8 Assume that a current of } flows through the drain of the MOSFET Q, Calculate the current J . t= egies H(i Ves 4" = 1 — Ite m2 Therefore, the expression for the current 7 is Step 6 of 8 Calculate the value of the resistance R, 1 1 The value —||7,. is equal to — since gr, >>1. mn ‘m2 Therefore, the value of the resistance R, is . Step 7 of 8 Calculate the value of the resistance R, Rar Substitute a for R, & Therefore, the expression for the resistance R, is Step 8 of 8 Apply nodal analysis at node 1 v, fet, Med , FOF BmiVient + S20 M2 ta Substitute 00 for r,, and 1, - vp, = “ete + Bnet 8m2M 2 =O 040+ Ba + mgr =0 Em% qa =~ 8m: 9 Mp2 _ Smt Vest 8m2 Therefore, the voltage gain for the transistor Q, isStep 1 of 5 Refer to Figure 7.11 in the text book. Write the expression for the trans-conductance = Io Voy 12 Sat Substitute 0,2 V for Vy, and 0.2 mA for J, 0.2107 8m = 95 2 = 2x10? =2mAV Thus, the value of gy is 8.020E Step 2 of 5 Determine the value for the resistance r, . V. atl __2v © 0.2mA =10kQ Determine the output resistance of the current source Ry: Ry = (Bustos ros = (2 mA/V)(10k)(10kQ) =200kQ Therefore, the output resistance of the current source is Step 3 of 5 Determine the output resistance of the amplifier R,,.. Ry =(Sara)fo2 -(2 =A)ao ka)(10k0) = 200k Therefore, the output resistance of the amplifier is, Step 4 of 5 Determine the overall output resistance R, . R=RMR, _ (200k2)(200k) © 200k2+200kQ = 20 bo 2 =100kQ Therefore, the overall output resistance is[100kQ] Step 5 of 5 Write the expression for the voltage gain of the amplifier. A 4 ¥, =~ 8m [Re llRy] Substitute 2 mA/V for g,, , 200 kQ for R,, and 200 kQ for R,, - (200x10°)(200x10") 4a-on0°| a) = —(2x10°)(100x10") =-200 V/V Therefore, the voltage gain of the amplifierrT i Stop 1 of 6 8.020P Refer to Figure P8.20 in the text book. Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram Step 2 of 6 Apply nodal analysis at node-1. tea ltallall | Ban 1 Fea ll rele mt As r, >>, . the value of the r,, can be neglected Therefore, the expression fro the input resistance R,, is Step 3 of 6 Observe that the resistance »,, is shorted. Therefore, the value of the output current j, is equal to the value g_.v,, thatis g..v,, since, v=, - Recall equation (1) Ya 1 = Fa ll a Ilo 4 Sm Substitute — for v,, . Suz 1 = Falla ll Enzi mt 1 Buz [rs Weal +) But Therefore, the expression fro the current gain “ is, Bn: (is Ire it} 3 2 Step 4 of 6 Disconnect the input source and apply a voltage of V volts at the output terminals supplying a current of J amps into the circuit Figure 2 Step 5 of 6 Apply nodal analysis at node-1. Yay Mey Yn hehehe gy, = tea Ta Fn vy, =0V Therefore, the value of the voltage v,, is 0 V Step 6 of 6 Calculate the value of the current 7 ae y, Tt Baie lad Substitute Q V for v,, v J=—+g,,(0) Here, Y represents the output resistance Ry - ! R, Noa Therefore, the expression for the output resistance R,, is | r,, | -Step 1 of 6 Determine the transconductance of the CS and CG amplifiers. 8.021E Step 2 of 6 Determine the output resistance r, Step 3 of 6 (a) The load resistance R, is, Ran Refer to Table 7.1 in the text book. The gain of the amplifier 4, for R, =r, is, Aya Thus, the gain of the amplifier 4, Write expression for the gain A., for R, = 7. 1 4Aa= 5 (80) Substitute | mA/V for g, and 20 kQ for 1, . Veto" Aq =5(lx107)(20x10°) =10VV Thus, the gain 4, Step 4 of 6 Determine the overall gain A, . A=AAa =(-2)(10) =-20 V/V Therefore, the overall gain A, of the cascode amplifier is |~; Step 5 of 6 (b) Determine the value of( gr, )r, )4, ={(110°)(20%10°))(20x10") =400x10° =400kQ The load resistance R, is, R= (ga) Refer to Table 7.1 in the text book. Write the expression for the gain of the amplifier 4, for Ry =(8ah )n 1 4n=—9(80'e) Substitute | mA/V forg, and 20 kQ for r, - 1 Ay=—3(1<10")(20%10°) =-10VV Thus, the gain of the amplifier 4, “10 V/V]. Write expression for the gain A,, for R, =(g.r,)r, - 4a = Buble Substitute | mA/V forg, and 20 kQ for », - Ay =(1x107)}(20x10°) =20VV Thus, the gain A, Step 6 of 6 Determine the overall gain A,. 4,= Aan =(-10)(20) =-200 V/V Therefore, the overall gain A, of the cascode amplifier is E2oovn)-rT i Stop 1 of 8 8.021P @) Refer to Figure P8.21 (a) in the text book. Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram Figure l Step 2 of 8 Consider the expression for the input resistance R,, . Substitute g.v,, for i - ¥en R, BaMs Therefore, the expression for the input resistance is 8m Step 3 of 8 Calculate the value of the transconductance, g, . Ww nM Coe (Pow Substitute 2 for Vo, wy2i aca a Ww £0 =2Con( Z(t) Ww Bm =f 2UaCox (Zen i Ww Substitute 200 wA/v? for u,Coy » 10 for TL and 0.1 mA for /,, 8 = 42(200 2)(10)(0.1m) = 04 = 0.633 mS Therefore, the value of the transconductance g. is 0.633 mS - Step 4 of 8 Recall equation (1). Ret Sm Substitute 0,633 mS for g, - 1 x 0.633m =1.58 kQ Therefore, the value of the input resistance R,, i Step 5 of 8 (by Refer to Figure P8.21 (b) in the text book. Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram. Figure 2 Step 6 of 8 Consider the expression for the input resistance, R, . -—_4_ 84 (841) Here, B+1<< B @) 1 Therefore, the expression for the input resistance is — - 8m Step 7 of 8 Caloulate the value of the transconductance g, . ate Bary Substitute 25 mV for V, and 0.1 mA ‘or /,, - 0.1m 5 25m =4mS Therefore, the value of the transconductance g_ is 4 mS Step 8 of 8 Recall equation (2) Substitute 4 m§ for g, 1 am =2500 R, Therefore, the value of the input resistance R. is | 250QStop 1 of6 8.022E Refer to Figure 7.16 in the text book. (a) Write the expression of the drain current. LW) 2 roole(®) x DAL), & LL (W) =_ 0.2 x 107 =25 kQ Find the value of ry. mye Ic =«—>_ 0.2 «107 =25kQ Step 3 of 8 The output resistance for npn transistor is, Rag = (Surfer) (or I Pe2) Substitute 25 kQ for ra,. 25 kQ for rg. 8 MA/V for gas and 12.5 kd for res. Rea = (Saator) (Ya zz) . 3 25 x 10°x12,5 x 10° = (8x10 25 x 1) Bee | _ 312.5x10° - (209 37.5 x10? } =1.67MQ Therefore, the output resistance R,, for npn transistor is Step 4 of 8 Find the trans-conductance g, of the pnp transistor. L Bae _ 0.2x107 25x10? =8mA/V Find the value of rg. -# Bas a) © 8x10" fy =6.25kQ te Step 5 of 8 Find the value of rag Vy te= 7 -_4_ 0.2.x 107 =20 kQ Find the value of r.4. Step 6 of 8 The output resistance for pnp transistor is, Ry = (Sastes)( tou ll tes) Substitute 20 kQf0r ry. 20 KO for... 8 MA/V fOr gy2 ANd 6.25 KO tree Ry = (Bustos) roa lltz3) =(ex107 20 x 10° x 6.25x10? = (8x10? x 20 x 0 F* 104 625510" = 0.762x10° =0.762 MO Therefore, the output resistance R,, of the pnp transistor i Step 7 of 8 Write the expression for the voltage gain, 4, . 4A.=~80i(Re Ry) Substitute gq, = 8 mA/V, R, = 0.762 MQ and R,, = 1.67 MQ. 7 x 10% x 0.762 x | 67 x 10° + 0.762 x 10° 1.27254 x 10” 2.432 x 10° = -8x107 x 0.523x10* = 4186 Hence, the voltage gain 4, of the BJT cascode amplifier is [4186 V/V] . A= -8x107 x = 8x10" x Step 8 of 8 Write the expression for the maximum available gain A. Aout =~ Bm (Bra Il Bra) Substitute g, = 8 mA/V, f, = 100, 8, = 50, 2 = 25 KO and 1,, = 20k. Ame, =— 8X10 x (100 x 25 x 107 |150 x 20 x 10°) = 8x 107 x¢{ 100% 25 x10? x 50 x 20 x10? Bx10 (RS = -5714.28 V/V Therefore, the value of the maximum achievable gain A. iS Ea V,8.024P We don't have the solution to this problem yet. Get help from a Chegg subject expert." it Step 1 of 3 8.0255 Refer to Figure 7.32 in the text book for the cascade MOS current mirror circuit. The drain current J», is, i 3.6 Ww Substitute 100 pA for fy .387 pA/V? for y,C,, and Dem ot. 100x10* =! +)(36)y2 since, Jp = 10% => (387%10*)| 3 Wor (since, J, = Incr) 100 =19357,2 V2 =0.0517 Voy =0.2273 V The minimum output voltage of cascade MOS mirror network is, Vy eV, +My =0.5+2(0.2273) = 0.5+0,4546 =0.95V Thus, the value of Hy i Step 2 of 3 Determine the output resistance of the NMOS transistor. pate 0 (5)(0.36) *100x10* =18x10° =18k Step 3 of 3 Determine the output resistance of the circuit. R= Sasheslor -(#)e (since, 55 =%a2 =7) (Joe wy =285kN Thus, the value of the output resistance is [Fas ko]T stop 1 of 14 8.025P Refer to circuit diagram in Fig 7.1(b) in the textbook. Draw the small-signal equivalent circuit for the figure. Figure 1 Step 2 of 14 Atcurrent J =10pA = ‘Write the formula for trans-conductance. 4, at 8a %, Substitute 10 x 10° for f, and 25 x 10° for F, . 10x10 5035x107 =04 ma/v Step 3 of 14 Write the formula for input resistance. B net "Be Substitute 100 for 8 and 9.4x10° for g. - tc) Dax 10? = 250k Step 4 of 14 Write the formuta for output resistance. pele Te Substitute 1Q for V, and 10x 10% for fe . 10 °° 10x 10% =1MQ Step 5 of 14 ‘Write the formula for gain. A= Bale Substitute 0,4 x 10% for g, and 1x 19° for r, A, = 0.4 x 10x 1x 10% = 400 V/V Step 6 of 14 Atcurrent [= 100pA : Write the formula for trans-conductance. gfe %, Substitute 100 x 10° for #, and 25 x 107 for ¥, - Step 7 of 14 Write the formula for input resistance. B net Sn Substitute 109 for # and 4,107 for g, r= 00 * 4x10? =25k2Q Step 8 of 14 Write the formula for output resistance. pale Ie Substitute 10 for V, and 100 x 10° for J, - Step 9 of 14 Write the formula for gain. A= Bale Substitute 4 mA/V for g, and Q,1x 108 for r, A, = 4% 107 x0.1« 10° = 400 V/V Step 10 of 14 Atcurrent f=] A = 4 atc 8a v, Substitute 1900 x 10° for 7, and 25 x 107 for V, - 1000 x 10% Be 35 x 107 =40 ma/V Step 11 of 14 ‘Write the formula for input resistance. B net Bu Substitute 100 for # and 40 x 107 for g, Step 12 0f 14 Write the formula for output resistance. yale aan Substitute 10 for V, and 1000 x L0™ for I, . oe) * 1000 x 10% =0.01IMQ Step 13 of 14 Write the formula for gain. 4, = Bale Substitute 40 x 107 for g, and 0.01% 10° for r, . A, = 40 x 107 x0.01x 10° = 400 V/V Step 14 of 14 Thus, the values of small signal parameters gr. % and A, at collector currents 10 pA, 100 pA and 1000pA are listed in table 1 Table 1 ” 7 > ty Se (inp) (in A/V) | Gin kO) | Gin MQ) | (in V/V) 10 0.4 250 1 400 100 4 25 0.4 400 1000 40 25 0.01 400‘' it Step 1 of 6 8.026E Refer to Figure 7.34 (a) in the text book. Transfer ratio of the Wilson bipolar current mirror circuit is, Jo 1 Tyr 142 _ A(4+1) 1 2 100(100+1) =—!_ 1,000198 = 0.9998 Step 2 of 6 Determine the percentage error in the transfer ratio. 1-0.9998 0.9998 0.0002 =—x 0.9998 (1-fe-}xo0- 100 100 (1-Z2-}xt90-a0r (1) face Thus, the transfer ratio of the Wilson circuit is Step 3 of 6 Determine the transfer ratio of a simple current mirror circuit. 1+0.02 =0.98039 Step 4 of 6 Determine the percentage error in the transfer ratio. 0.01961 =————-x 0.98039 (1- Za }ato0-2% seen 2) nor Thus, the percentage error in the transfer ratio is by) . Hence, from equations (1) and (2), the transfer ratio error is 0.02% for Wilson as opposed to 2% for the simple circuit. Step 5 of 6 Calculate the output resistance of a Wilson bipolar current mirror circuit. 00x 100x10° 2 =5x10° OQ =5MQ (since, A, = 6 and r,, = Thus, the output resistance of a Wilson bipolar current mirror circuit is [Eg] . Step 6 of 6 Calculate the output resistance of a simple current mirror circuit. R=% =100x10 O =100kQ Thus, the output resistance of a simple current mirror circuit is .step 1 of9 8.026P Refer to Figure 8.13 (b) in the text book. Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram. Figure 1 Step 2 of & Calculate the value of the transconductance g_ . sls Substitute 0.5 mA for J, and 25 mA for ¥, _05m 25m = 0.02 S gn Therefore, the value of the transconductance g,, is 0.02 S. Step 3 of © Calculate the value of the input resistance, R., R substitute 2 tor re Therefore, the value of the input resistance R, Is | 5 kQ. Step 4019 Calculate the value of the voltage gain. Substitute 100 V for ¥, . 0.5 mA ‘or /.. and 0.02 § for g, A= -(0.02}( 2) = 4000 Therefore, the value of the voltage gain 4, is [ —4000 Step 5019 Calculate the value of the output resistance, Ry. Re ¥, Substitute —* for 1, Therefore, the value of the output resistance is Step 6 of S Recall equation (1) B Su substtute 4 tor g 7, a thatis, Step 7 of9 Recall expression (2). Rat ke Rewrite the expression for the two different cases Therefore, the value of the current J,. has to be changed to times the current /,. to attain the value of the input resistance 5 times its initial value. Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram with resistance R,,. at the input terminal and the resistance R, atthe output terminal. Step 8 of 9 Consider the expression for the voltage w, woul] ‘Therefore, the value of the voltage y, is, ve 7 } mtr, Step 9 of9 Consider the expression for the output voltage 1, Bats (r IR) ag y, (7% = BaMe r+R, Substitute y, for v, “lr tRy eta} nak, ee Substitute 0.2 MQ fer x, . 100K for R, . ISK for Ry, «5k for 7, and 0.02 S for g_ om 2 rad eeeral ie 0.2M+100k Sk+5k ~on{ eum) ~-too/ 228:000/:) = ~(0.01)(95.238 k) ¥, + = -952.38 ‘ae Therefore, the value of the overall gain is | -952.38" it Step 1 of 3 8.027E Refer to Example 7.6 and Figure 7.37 in the text book. Determine the reference current for the matched transistors. Tyee = Io =10pA Calculate the output resistance y, . nat naa 100 * 10x10" =10x10° =10MQ Thus, the output resistance of transistor Q, is Step 2 of 3 Calculate the trans-conductance g,, 1, Bane _10x10* © 25x10 =0.4x107 AV =0.4 mA/V Calculate the resistance r, . neh &e ___100 © 0.4x107 = 250k The emitter resistance is, Rak, =115kQ Step 3 of 3 Write the expression of the output resistance for the Widlar circuit as shown in Figure 7.37 (b) in the text book, Roa[I+2,(Rlle)]% Substitute Rp =11.5 kQ. r= 25 kD. 7, =10 MQ and g,, = 0.4 mA/V - = 04 11.5x10°)(250x 10° aa) eee feos) 0.4 )f2.875x10* -['+( 3) SIF] ono) =[1+4.396](10x10°) =54MQ Thus, the value of R,, is [54 MQ] -Step 1 of 3 Calculate the value ofthe intrinsic gain A, ' Aaa Substitute 0.2 V for Voy . 0.5 wm for J and 10 V/um for py" 10 an ke (0.5 ») 02 =50 Therefore, the value of the intrinsic gain is . ~ | 8.027P Step 2 of 3 Calculate the value of the drain current J, Substitute 2 mA/V for g, and 0.2 V for Vay . (2 m)(0.2) i= 2 =200 pA Therefore, the value of the drain current J, is Step 3 of 3 Consider the expression for the transconductance g, (W Bn =k, (Frm Substitute 2 mA/V for g, . 400 pa/v? for k, + 0.5 wm for Zand 0.2 ¥ for Va, - 2m=(1004)( 2 \o2) 2m n W= (400 u)(0.2) W 12.5 um Therefore, the value of the width W is | 12.5 wm | -" it Step 1 of 4 8.028E Refer to Figure 8.45(a) in the text book. Calculate the value of the resistance ha y, ty Ty Substitute § V for V, and 200 pA for /, . ne 1200 =25kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance r., is 25k Assume the value of the resistance 1,, is equal to resistance r,, . Hence the value of the resistance 1. is 25kQ- Step 2 of 4 Calculate the value of the transconductance gy a2la Vor 8 Substitute 0.2 V for Vp, and 200 pA for J, . _ 2(200 ” 02 =2mS Therefore, the value of the transconductance g, is 2 mS - Step 3 of 4 Calculate the value of the resistance Rg . Retains Sus Substitute zg, for ga, . Substitute 0,2 for ¥ . 2 mS for g, and 25 kX for », and rs R, =f llesll R, =25k||25 ‘ona = + =25kl125 kl =25 kl[25 kI12.5 k _ 25 k)(25 k)(2.5 k © (25 k) (25k) +(25 k)(2.5 k)+ (25 k)(2.5 k) _ 1562.5 k 1 625+ 62.5+62.5 _ 1562.5 k 750 = 2.083 kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance R, is 2.083 kQ Step 4 of 4 Calculate the value of the voltage gain of the circuit. 2. % R+— Substitute 2.083 kQ for R, and 2 m§ for g, %___2.083k ; ¥, 4 2.083 k+ Im _ 2.083 k 2.083 k +500 _ 2.083 k ~ 2,583 k =081 V/V Therefore, the value of the voltage gain is [0.81 V/V" it Step 1 of 7 8.028P Consider the expression for the drain current, ,, 2 UE, L 2s oT 2" Ur 7 Yas 1 (% 2"\5 RIDL A al NAW Step 2 of 7 Consider the expression fro the intrinsic gain A, . WL Yor Plat Substitute for ¥, kw A= The value of the intrinsic gain A, is inversely proportional to 4f7,. That is, Aare vee (1) Step 3 of 7 Recall expression (1). 1 a As Te Rewrite the equation for two different cases. (4), _ V5), (4), (Wie), (Wo), (4) = (hry vee) Substitute $0 V/V for (4,), . 100 pA for (vio), and 25 wA and (Jp, ), (4), = = 50 fie =50xV4 =50x2 =100 Therefore, the value of the intrinsic gain at Z, = 25 pA is - Step 4 of 7 Recall equation (2). (Vio), (4), =(4),%77= (Wi), Substitute 50 V/V for (4,), . 100 pA for (vio), and 400 pA and (vio), (4), =50% fa =s0x ft 1 =50x— 2 =25 Therefore, the value of the intrinsic gain at £, = 400 wA ts [25] - Step 5 of 7 Consider the expression for the transconductance, Sa ' n) =k (—ly, Sak, ( tL) Substitute Be for Voy, (Fer) (Z)er.) The value of g, is directly proportional to vo . Baty) Step 6 of 7 Recall expression (3). 8.fIp Rewrite the equation for two different cases. oa . (4) Substitute 100 pA for (7p), and 25 pA and (YZ), - - 254 Bn = taf : - £ Bulg = Sa 2 =0.5g,, Therefore, the value of the transconductance changes by the factor of . Step 7 of 7 Recall equation (4). Bm2 = Bm oo A) Substitute 100 wA for (7p), and 400 pA and (vio), - =g., 00H Sm 100" $env4 Therefore, the value of the transconductance changes by the factor of [ 28.029E We don't have the solution to this problem yet. Get help from a Chegg subject expert.‘' it Step 1 of 3 8.029P Consider the expression for the intrinsic gain. WL 4 Vor Substitute 0.2 V for Vy, . 20 V/V for A, and 5 V/um for yy . 2-2! Si w}L 0.2 (S/Ip)z eT =2 5 L=04pm Therefore, the value of the length z is . Step 2 of 3 Consider the expression for the transconductance, gy . Ww 8 =h,| (2) Yor Substitute 0.2 V for Voy . 2 mS for g, . 400 pA/V? for 4, and 0.4 wm for J. 2m=(400»)( ](o2) 2m=(80 »(Z) wW_2m Therefore, the value of the ratio x is Bs] . Step 3 of 3 Consider the expression for the transconductance, g, gota ny Substitute 2 m$ for g, and 0,2 V for Voy - 24 =o amo? I 2m=22 mor 1, =0.2 mA Therefore, the value of the drain current 7, is [0.2 mA] -" it Step 1 of 5 8.030E Refer to Figure 7.40 (b) in the text book for the voltage follower circuit using Darlington configuration. The input resistance of a transistor is, R=(8+1)(, +R) Here, 1, is the small signal emitter resistance R, is the emitter resistance The input resistance Ri of the Darlington circuit is, R= (Atta + Reo) = (A+ [r+ (B+ nat Red] Thus, the input resistance R, of the circuitis |(f, + I)[_m + (8, + (re + Re) Determine the output resistance, Ryy - fa Rel Dis Re] t oT Bel = Tat Ill 2 B+1 tat Thus, the output resistance Ry, ofthe circuit is |Ry Il] m+ A+ Step 2 of 5 , Determine the voltage gain —2 . Yalg. Me total resistance at the output Vig fo + total resistance at the input of Q, Step 3 of 5 Determine the resistance, 7, . iZ mel red Tes = 50x10 5x10° =10Q fa Shy 102 Evaluate the input voltage Ry - Ra=(A+ 1+ (A+ Mra Bed] Substitute 190 for Band , . 19° for Re . 10. Q for n, and x, R, = (100+ 1)[10+ (100+ 1)(10+ 10°)] =103x10° Q =10.3 MQ Thus, the input resistance R, is Step 4 of 5 Determine the output resistance R, Re tat Ra= Rell ela) Atl 10+ 10x10 Roy = 19.52 =(10°)|] 10+ tooeT =202 =10° ||19.902 _f1)(19.9) 10 +19.9 Thus, the output resistance Ry, is : Step 5 of 5 - _ Determine the voltage gain, 2 . Voie * 7000+ 10+9.902 = 0.98 V/V % Thus, the voltage gain —> i Vag8.030P We don't have the solution to this problem yet. Get help from a Chegg subject expert.Step 1 of 3 Refer to Figure 7.41 in the circuit for the amplifier circuits. Analysis of both the circuits is illustrated in Figure 7.42 in the text book. Both the circuits have the same input resistance and the same voltage gain. Determine the resistance, r, ¥, oo _ 50x10” 210° =252 Determine the input resistance, Ry - R= (8 +1)(2n) Substitute 100 for B and 252 for r,. R, = (100 + 1)(2 x 25) = 5.05 ka ~ 1] 8.031E Step 2 of 3 Determine a, = B+1 100 100+1 =0.99 wl Substitute 1 for @ . 5x10? @ for R, and 25 tor y, . we (1)(5x10°) y, «2x25 =100 VV v, Thus, the voltage gain -© is [T00 V/V] - ys Step 3 of 3 Y, Determine the ratio, —® . Vig tcl) Substitute $0$0 2 for Ry. 5 10? @ for Rey and 100 VIV for “= . ¥ 1 ¥, _f___5050 te - (me a) (09). =50 VV Y, Thus, the gain — is Vig" it Stop 1 of 2 8.031P Calculate the value of the transconductance g, of the npn transistor. Jo Bary r Substitute 25 mV for ¥, and 0.1 mA for I, - 0.1m 25m =4mS Therefore, the value ofthe transconductance g, of the npn transistor is [4 mS ] Step 2 of 2 Calculate the value of the transconductance of the NMOS transistor. 21, soe Sn Vor Substitute 4 mS for g, and 0,25 V for Voy. 24 4me22 "O25 he (4 m)(0.25) Therefore, the value of the drain current J, is : 2 .5 mA. L,Step 1 of 2 Refer to Figure 7.41 (c) for the CD-CG amplifier. (a) Determine voltage gain “® by neglecting 1, R, is the load resistance Voy is the overdrive voltage Thus, the voltage gain is, ~ 1] 8.032E Step 2 of 2 (b) The voltage gain of the amplifier is, Substitute g.1107 A fr 7. 20%10° Q for R, and 10 V/V for * "1 os (0.1x107)(20x10°) Voy 0.1107 )(20x10° oo 00) =0.2V Write the formula for the drain current. Ww aia Substitute 299 10-6 AsV? for kL. 0.1x107 A for 7 and0.2 V for Vy, 1 ®) oo 01x10" =} (200x10*)(Z)(02) ¥ 0.12107 =(100x10*)| — |(0.04) x107 =(100.10*)( (004) w oanio?=(4x104)(7) Wis L Thus, the ™ ratio of the two transistors is Bs] - 7‘' it Step 1 of 4 8.032P Consider the expression for the transconductance, g_ 21, =2o Sn Vor Substitute 100 pA for J, and 0,5 V for Voy - 2(100 «7 ™ 0.5 200 ws &n 05 g, 20.4 mA/V Therefore, the value of the transconductance g, i Step 2 of 4 Consider the expression for the resistance, 7, . ’ tn atk L fy Substitute 100 wA for 7, . 20 V/um for y’ and 1 yum for 1 re 20/1 p (1 ) ° 100p 20 100 p =200kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance y, is : Step 3 of 4 Calculate the value of the intrinsic gain. 4= WL Yor Substitute 0.5 V for Voy . 1 wm for £ and 20 V/am for y,’ - _2(20/1 n)(1H) a= 0.5 40 Anos 4,=80 Therefore, the value of the intrinsic gain is . Step 4 of 4 Consider the expression for the transconductance, g { Bn =k, (Erm Substitute 0.5 V for Vay .1 wm for Z . 0.4 mASV for g, and 190 ,A/V? for x, 04 m=(190 (Eos 04m=(95)(¥) W=421 pm Therefore, the value of the width py is [4.21 pm |] -" it Step 1 of 4 8.033P Consider the expression for the transconductance, g 21, =. 8° > Substitute 100 pA for Z,, and 0,2 V for Voy - _ 2(100 0.2 = 200u BuO g,=1mA/V Therefore, the value of the transconductance g, i Step 2 of 4 Consider the expression for the resistance, y, . alae dy Substitute 100 WA for J, 5 V/um for y/' and 0.3 ym for J. 7 = 5/1 H)(03 w) 100» 15 “T00p =150kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance , is : Step 3 of 4 Calculate the value of the intrinsic gain. LAA == 4 Vor Substitute 0,2 V for Voy . 0.3 wm for 2 and 5 V/pm for y' . _2(5/1p)(0.3 p) a= 0.2 3 4703 4=15 Therefore, the value of the intrinsic gain is, [is] . Step 4 of 4 Consider the expression for the transconductance, g, Ww 80 =k, (Z) Yor Substitute 0.2 V for Vj, . 0.3 pm for 2. | mA/V for g, and 387 pA/V? for k 1m=(387 1 g%)eoay 1m =(258)(”) W =3.88 pm Therefore, the value of the wicth W is | 3.88 um | -step 10117 8.034P BJT cell calculations for J =0.1 mA ‘Consider the expression forthe transconductance of he npn transistor. & %, &a™ ‘Suvstitute 0,1 mA for Je and 25 mA tor V,, 25m =4mav Therefore, the value ofthe transconductance g, is 4 mA/V Step 2 0f 17 Calculate the value of he resistance 7, nee net ‘Suostitte 0.1 mA for Ze and 100 V for ¥, n= Om =1MQ Therefore, the value of he resistance is 1 MO. Step 301 17 Calculate the vatue of the intrinsic gain A, 4A=8, Substiute 1 Mg Tor 7, and 4 mA/Y for g, A,=(4m)(1M) = 4000 VV Therefore, the value of he intinsic gain 4, is 4000 V/V. Step 4 of 17 Calculate the value of the input resistance Ry. ‘Supstiute 4 mA/V for g_ and 109 for B. 100 4m =25kQ Therefore, the value ofthe npul resistance Ris Step 50f 17 BIT cell calcuations for J, =1 mA ‘Consider the expression forthe transconductance of the npn transistor. an y Substtte | ua (rT and 25 mA 1" V £0 35m =40 mAV “Therefore, the value of the transconductance g, is 49 mA/V ‘Stop 6 of 17 Calaulate the value of the resistance 7, pelt te ‘Supstitute | mA for J, and 100 V for ¥, 100 Im =100k2 ‘Therefore, the value of he resistance 7, 1S 100 kK. Step 7 of 17 Calculate the value ofthe intrinsic gain A, Amar, ‘Substitute 100 kQ for 7, and 4 mA/V for g. 4,=(4m)(100k) 400 VV Theteior. the value of he intinsle gain A, is 400 V/V Step 8 of 17 Calculate the value ofthe input resistance R, Rae B Supstitute for r, Se £ Re ‘Substitute 40 mA/V 10" g., and 100 for f° Om =25kQ Therefore, the value of he input resistance Ris [2.5K Step 901 17 MOSFET cefl calculations for J, =0.1 mA ‘Consider the expression for the drain current J 1 W =a HCax| (F) Hoy? ‘Substitute Q.1 mA (0° Zp » 200 A/V? for 44,Cop and 40 for - O.lm 5 (200 1(40)¥o,* O.1m=(4m)Fo," ¥,¢ =o ~ 4 Voy = 025 08 Voy =0.158 V Therefore, the value of the overdrive vollage Voy 1S 0,158 V Step 10 of 17 Caleuiate the vaiue of the intrinsic gain gy, Substitute 0,158 V for Voy 8M 0,1 mA 10" Zp 2(0.1m) oe 0158 =126 mAv ‘Therefore, the value of the transconductance is 1.26 mA/V. Step 11 of 17 Calculate the value of he resistance 1, no ne ‘Sunstitute 19 V for ¥, and 0.1 mA fr Jp nel "Ol m =100kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance 7 is 100 kQ - ‘Stop 12 of 17 Calculate the value of the intrinsic gain 4, ate You ‘Substitute 10 V for ¥, and 0,158 V for oy - ‘Therefore, the value of the intrinsic gain is 126,58 The values of the input resistance R,, for any value of drain current is 90 Step 13 of 17 MOSFET cell calculations for J, =1 mA Consider the expression for the drain current J, L wv b= fan Tho? ‘Substitute 1 mA for Jp. 200 WAV? for 41,Cay anc sore Im £2001) (40)von? Im=(4m)%py? Therefore, the value of the overdrive voltage Hoy iS 0.5 V Step 14 0f 17 Calouiale the value of the intrinsic gain g,. 2, 2p By ‘Supstitute 0.5 V for Foy and 1 mA © I, _2(Im) 80705 =4mav ‘Therefore, the value of the transconductance is 4 mA/V Step 15 of 17 Caloulale the value of the resistance 1, ne hs ‘Suostitute 10 V for V, and 1 mA for Jy. =10 ” =10k0 Therefore, the value of the resistance ¥ is 10 kA. Step 16 of 17 (Calculate the value of the intrinsic gain 4, ‘Supstiute 19 V fr and 0.5 V 10" Poy 2(10) as =40 4 ‘Therefore, the value of the intrnsic gain is 49 ‘The values of the input resistance R, for any value of drain current is oo Stop 17 of 17 Consider Tabie-1 Tablet Bias current BIT Cell MOSFET Cell 1, 20.1mA | Ip=1mA | 1,=0.1mA | J, =1mA 3. (may) |4 40 1.26 4 (kn) | 1000 190 100 10 4, (VV) | 4000 400 126.58 40 R (KQ) 28 25 ° ° Therefore. the required values are calculated and values are displayed in Table-1." it Step 1 of 2 8.035P Calculate the value of the intrinsic gain 4, Substitute 5 V/m for y’ . 0.54 pm for Z and 18 V/V for A, 19-201 4)(0.54 uw) Voy Yor 5 Voy =0.3V Therefore, the value of the overdrive voltage Voy is 0.3 V - Step 2 of 2 Calculate the value of the bias current J, . 1 Ww To=pHiCox (3) Voy? Substitute 0,3 V for Voy . 400 pA/V? for 44,Coy and 8 for 2 . 1 4p = (400 n)(8)(03)' =144 pA Therefore, the required value of the bias current is [144 pA |.Step 1 of 9 Consider the expression for the bias current J, . 1 Ww Ip= qhaCox (3) Voy? Substitute 25 pA for J. 400 pA/V? for 14,Coy and 8 for z . ' 25 p= (400 n)(8) Mor? 25 p=(1600 n)M%oy? 25 Y, =——_ or 1600 p Voy = 15.625 m Yo, 20.125 V Therefore, the value of the overdrive voltage Voy is 0.125 V - 8.036P Step 2 of 9 Calculate the value of the transconductance, g,, 21, =o Sn Yor Substitute 0,125 V for Vo, and 25 pA for Jy - _2(25 w "0.125 =0.4 mA/V? Therefore, the value of the transconductance, g, is . Step 3 of 9 Calculate the value of the intrinsic gain A, Substitute 5 V/jam for y,’ . 0.36 pm for Z and 0,125 V for Voy - _2(5/1 w)(0.36 p) a= 0.125 228 0.125 = 28.8 Therefore, the value of the intrinsic gain A, is Step 4 of 9 Calculations for the drain current = 250 WA Consider the expression for the bias current In 1 W fo= 7 HeCox (3) Voy? Substitute 250 pA for J, . 400 pA/V? for y1,Coy and 8 for z 1 250 w= (400 w)(8)Yoy? 250 p= (1600 p)Voy? y, 2, 250p or 1600 p Voy = VAS6.25 m Voy = 0.395 V Therefore, the value of the overdrive voltage Voy is 0,395 V - Step 5 of 9 Calculate the value of the transconductance g, . Substitute 0.395 V for Voy and 250 pA for J, . _ 2(250 p) 80 9395 =1.27 mAW? Therefore, the value of the transcondcutance g, is | 1.27 mA/V? |. Step 6 of 9 Calculate the value of the intrinsic gain A, WL 24" 4 Voy Substitute $ V/jm for ¥, + 0.36 pm for 7 and 0,395 V for Voy - _2(5/19)(0.36 p) a= 0.395 _ 36 0.395 29.11 Therefore, the value of the intrinsic gain A, is . Step 7 of 9 Consider the expression for the bias current J 1 Ws Ip= pheCox "7 Vor Substitute 2.5mA for Jy, 400 pA/V? for 44,Coy and § for x 2.5m= (400 w)(8) oy? 2.5m =(1600 p) Voy? 2_ 2.5m or 1600 p Voy = V15625 Voy =1.25 V Therefore, the value of the overdrive voltage Vo, is 1.25 V Step 8 of 9 Calculate the value of the transconductance g, . 21, =k BF Substitute 1.25 V for Voy and 2.5 mA for q, . z 225 m) 1.25 =4mA/v? Therefore, the value of the transconductance, g, i Step 9 of 9 Calculate the value of the intrinsic gain A, ' Ae 2V,L Substitute 5 Vjam for y,' . 0.36 pm for Z and 1.25 V for Vay _ 2(5/1 w)(0.36 n) a= 1.25 236 125 = 2,88 Therefore, the value of the intrinsic gain A, isF Stop Fal 25° 8.037P @ eles the ve ote Lense ‘Suoate 028-V 1 Foy 908 LOUA Ty 2008) 028 =H Tester te vane er evarscontstare g, [BORA] S19p 20128 fase ha ate of he gts b=2(0.18n) £036 um Tortora ta van ono sth 036 yam Stop 30123 ty Sitstte 10 UA 1 fy, 0.36pm o£ $ Wham Kr ‘Tower, he vam fn atte, [BORE Stop 42423 eka the ee oe rma sen A, ‘Sule 0.25-V 0 Ky 06 4m tr £884 $ Via fv, 25/19/0368) 4 025 =6 aas waa “Tete wae ofthe nto gan & [TO step 30123 ® "nny wale ‘Site 025 V "Voy 0.364 HL 387 WANN Car 24 BOMAY Be won-oernl Joon rector ne vas town ws, [Op Stop 823 Corser te oxen fhe aan son J be ‘Sues 0.25 V 0 Voy 03 mf IF 36 em "1. 387 WAIVE Cay 8! 10D BA for O3n\y cnel aa) 100 N=(161.25 phon? 1,10 to “61355 Yay? 082 ty OE Kony ‘Teese vt oe wut vetAGE Voy, [TI Bi0p 728 ‘calause the vee vans 2p ane SUBSE 0,79-V 101 Kay 3 100 A BZ o7 025 mv Trefo t auat a arecondotnct yf Step 8ot23 Sip 92425 Clomteine wae eterna Se A, 4 Yoo Suto 0.79 V 0 Koy. O26 ym KrF 3rd $ Via fv, 2(5/1y)(036 uy) Ao 36 ws #456 ‘eetoe, te ve ine nase gon © [ASB] step ost @ Calas he vee ate tansondcene as a7 Subse 0.28 V 01 Voy 4 LOO WA J 2(100 it? =08mAY Tete he vue othe tarscontatares g,.% [DERAAT Sep net ‘Subsite 100 wA 1p 0.36yan or 420d 5 Vim oy" {(511)(036 4) 100 eee ne vane ste esinee 7 6 [HERE] sop trea atl er oe 8 A mie ne ‘Stotto 0.28-V 1 Koy O26 ym £374 $ Via fr," 25/19/0364) 035 o38, aa aaa 4 ‘Tasetoene wane ne nese gan » [Ta] Sup 23 o Conse eps are wars ole Suess 9.28 V 0 Voy. O36 4 Kr £387 HAIV fC 20 MAY 1 Be 023) imacora( se 0.8 mv =(268.75 &)() osm BE Teta to vate wah ws, [To Stop 4erct once te serena ne ance Fy 4 selBhe sone 2 Dam Ab EG A ty sone)! i venstunsne" a Vo’ 36.2 tag NCE ret Yee “Treen, he abe ofthe sie ae Kt step rset 2, Me anit ‘Suna 249 21 Voy 208104 Fy =O Taeoe te vane she tarsconanterce gi [EOS Si9p 180123 ‘Sibente 10 yA To fy. 364m ToL ed 5 Via Ke ¥/ 2036) Treat val oo otc sep A733 Calorie wake athe tice Bae A, meh a’. ‘Seotsfe 249 V0 Kay O16 ym fr Land $ Vig fr 97 251 )(036 an Ho WM036 8) Treo ho va oF ho timacgon » [TAS step 180123 o Tro batostvaun atten in 4, © [TAA] sired orive vege ct aie Tretowestvaueorne nse san, 6 [TAS] staesatoveraneeatae ot [ZaS] e08be rence! [Toma Si0p 19123 han the ve fhe rate * ‘shat conetart ard the vaue ofthe engh is irerase by 10 res, then ‘ho vas he wath aso be ines yes Fac sha to vaio of a oes at orange Stop 28623 \ctauatens rome ara cunentr fy =100 pA, Consider te oxen x he shen cure J ' 2 wy fal Ye Sse 025 V "Vg N13 3 ANE eg OA a 1 won = anya ora 100 n= (161.25 u)Pon? Taos val of Ee See gt Veg 0.78 V Bip 2423 Cesc tne yoke ore sigan A, wk ae SIDS 0,79 V 0 Hoy O36 y BFL 8nd 5 Vim tr ¥,) asnnyoss gw How 0360) “Dovel, teva ote remecane + [56] Sip 220123 Cates ha caret fy =10 pA Conaaerne xresson fx newancutet J, ‘Sibetnte 0.28 V 100 Vay «3m SF WE O36 mF L387 WAIVE FAC 80 LO HA et te wowngooral saa}? i Veg? =62 Voy = 6B Voy = 249 ros haat eo gs Voy 2.49 sep 250122 Catal mows ott ines gin A, ‘Suoete 2.49 V 01 Vay O26 yn fr Land S Vaan fr 9 gc teormfonen) 20 ‘Theetor the va ote ntinsicgan « [TAS‘' it Step 1 of 3 8.038P Calculate the value of the transconductance, g, . 21, ==2 BAF Substitute 0.15 V for Vo, and 100 pA ‘or J, . 2100p Ba OS =1.33 mA/V? Therefore, the value of the transconductance, g is [133 man] . Step 2 of 3 Consider the expression for the bias current, J, . 1 Ww In = hon (2) Voy? Substitute 0.15 V for Vy, . 100 pA for 7, . 400 pA/V? for 4,Coy and 0.5 pm for £ 100 w= 4 (400 (ee }oasy 100 p =(400)(W)(22.5 m) 100» =9W 200 We- 9 We=illlpm Therefore, the value of the width Vis Step 3 of 3 Calculate the value of the resistance, r, VL nae Substitute 100 pA for 7, , 0.5 um for £ and 6 V/pm for y/ . — (6 w)(05 nu) 100 p % “100 w =30kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance r, is [30 kQ]-Step 1 of 3 Required current-source-loaded CS amplifier is, Vop 1=50pA Vin O—— Figure 1 ~ | 8.039P Step 2 of 3 Find channel widthtength ratio, z . Trans-conductance parameter &* = 200 pA/V* Early voltage Vi = 20 V/yum Drain current J = 50 pA. Over drive voltage Vy = 0.2 Vand Open circuit voltage gain A, = -100 V/V Rewrite the equation WU Lo kVow ‘Substitute corresponding values. W __2x50x10* EL 200x10*x02? 2125 Channel width-length ratio is [[2.5] - Find trans-conductance, g,, - Thus, trans-conductance, g, is Step 3 of 3 Input resistance of an active loaded or current-source-oaded CS amplifier i Write the formula for voltage gain. 4 = — Bul Find output resistance, », ss “8m Substitute corresponding values. rele * (-05x10°) = 200k Find the length £ Le Ss Substitute corresponding values. = 200 x10? x 50x 10% x 10% L 20 =0.5 ym Thus, length of the channel, z. is [0.5 uml -Stop 1 of6 8.040P Refer to the circuit diagram of current —source load of the common source (CS) amplifier in Figure 7.3(a) in the textbook. From the figure, itis clear that the PMOS device acts as the load to NMOS CS amplifier. Write the expression for overdrive voltage Voy, « Vor] = Vso —Ye| Here yu is threshold voltage. Vag, is the source to gate voltage. Rewrite the expression. Vor|=¥se ~Wol a, -Ve- Ve Rewrite the expression. ¥e=¥e—Vol-Worl Itis clear that, source voltage V, at PMOS device is equal to Vy - Supply voltage V,, is 2.5 V. Substitute 2.5 for V, , 0.5 for u, and 0.3 for Voy, ¥, =2.5-0.5-0.3 =2.5-08 S17V Thus, gate voltage V, i Step 2 of 6 () There is a single current (drain current) flows through the entire circuit. Drain current is, Inet =100 pA Write the expression for current. 1=4(u560)(2) [Yoo-Ve-ell Substitute 44,C,, for 100, 2.5 for Vyp .0.5 for V, and 100 A for J (3), [25-1.7-0.3f Solve oF] . L 2 W) _100x10* (7), “"50(0.3)" 100x10* $0(0.8-100x10*)" =22.22x10° Thus, width to length ratio of PMOS transistor is [29.22% 10] Step 3 of 6 Recall the current equation. Is $(1,62)() [Yo All Substitute 44,C,, for 200, 2.5 for Vag ,0.5 for V, and 100 pA for 7 100x10* -$(200/() [25-17-05] 207), Solve for (3) . Lh (3) 10x10 L), 100(03)° ____toox10* © 50(0.8-100x10) =ILLx10° Thus, width to length ratio of NMOS transistor is[11.11x10-*)- Step 4 of 6 Refer to the circuit diagram of small-signal equivalent circuit of the amplifier in Figure 7.3(c) in the textbook. Write the expression for gain of the circuit. y, =2 ary rll %2) Here g,, is the trans-conductance of the NMOS transistor. 1, is the ac output resistance of the NMOS transistor. Tzy iS the ac output resistance of the PMOS transistor. Step 5 of 6 Write the expression for early voltage. Yq Valk Lis the channel length. V7, is the early voltage per length. In the fabricated process, for CS amplifier the channel length is 0.4 pm Substitute 0.4 yam for Z and 3, for 20 V/um in the equation. Yq = Vuk = (20 V/um)(0.4 pm) =8V Write the expression for 7, Here Vy is the early voltage Substitute 20 V/pm for Vq and 100 pA for 7 in the expression. n= 1 100 pA =80kQ Thus, the ac output resistance 7, of the NMOS transistor is $0 k& Similarly the ac output resistance ., of the PMOS transistor is 80 kQ - Step 6 of 6 Write the expression for trans-conductance of NMOS transistor. 2 Sa Forl _2(100 pA) (03) =6.66x10% & Recall the gain of the circuit expression. 4,=—Bui (Fa ll%2) Substitute 666% 10 for gy. 80 kM for 7, and 80 kQ for 7,5 4, = (6.66x10 B)(8 kQ18 kQ) = (6.6610 B)(4 kO) = 2.66 VV Therefore the voltage gain of the circuit is [2.66 V/V]-Stop 1 017 8.041P Refer to Figure 8.15 (a) from the text book. Calculate the value of the voltage Vg.) - Yes2 =Vn + Voy Substitute 9,5 V for v, and —0,25 V for voy - Voss = -0.5-0.25 =-0.75V Therefore, the value of the voltage Veg. is -0.75 V - Step 2 of 7 Calculate the value of the voltage vg . Ye = Yop Msg =Vop + Ves Substitute 0,75 V for vgs, aNd 1.8 V for vpy ¥%q =1.8-0.75 =105V Therefore, the value of the voltage vg is |} Step 3 of 7 Calculate the value of the transconductance g,, . 2h Ba 7 Substitute 100 A for 7 and 0,25 V for Voy - 2(100 n) Bu =~ 935 =0.8 mAV Therefore, the value of the transconductance g,, is 0,8 mA/V - Step 4 of 7 Consider the expression for the voltage gain 4, . A= 8m (Malla) Here, ny = ry - A 4 --2(4) Substitute 0.8 mA/V for g,, and —40 V/V for 4, . —40=-(0.8 m() 40=(04 m)(r) 40 04m fy =100 kQ ty = Therefore, the value of the resistance r, is 100 kO Step 50f7 Consider the expression for the resistance r, WL n= 7 Substitute 100 kQ2 for r,, 100 pA for y and 5 V/um for ¥,, (S/1m)zZ 10k 1,~ {100 k)(100 2) (S/n) __10 ~G/in) L=2pm Therefore, the value of the length Z is Zum] . Step 6 of 7 Consider the expression for the current i through the transistor 2, . I Ww 2 = —|(% 1x5 1Cu(E) Yor) Substitute 400 pa/V? for ,C,, . 100 HA for 7 and 5 W/m for Voy . 100 w=1(400 »(2) (025)7 2 Tr) (eer (7) * as = (F)- 4(0.0625) 25) ( Therefore, the value of the ratio (=) is []- A a ) 025 Step 7 of 7 Consider the expression for the current 7 through the transistor 2, . 1 Ww 2 16 (F) a} Substitute 100 pA/V? for 4,C,, . 100 mA for J and 5 V/um for Voy 100 w=7(100 »(2) (0.257 2 1 (7), (0.25) (2) -, L), (0.25 *) =—2_ L) 0.0625 a Therefore, the value of the ratio. ¥) is Bal L)Step 1 of 4 Consider the Figure P8.42 from the text book. Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram Figure 1 Step 2 of 4 Consider the expression for the voltage v,., Yg2 = —Bmt¥ en (fr ll Fan) Substitute v, for v9, — »() o2 = Bm 2 Therefore, the expression for the voltage v,,. is -en( Step 3 of 4 Consider the expression for the output voltage. Therefore, the expression for the overall voltage gain is, Step 4 of 4 Recall equation (1). 24, y, Substitute 2 for g_ and —4 for», ‘ov » 4 Vy, fy Substitute § V for ¥, and 400 V/V for ~ . , 2 400 = > ‘or 25 Vi = 00 3 ror = V0 Vp, =0.25V Therefore, the value of the overdrive voltage V,,,. is, | 0.25 V | -Vapor 2 8.043P @ fete FqueP. in be ena ese cove ampere. Vie te essen dan cuertot an HOS taser 2 (re Here, HIP sn condition peanetr Ip Neglect ne feedback curentin the network, suesttue 210° a/v? to A and 200 xi0 A 1 Jo ool 2 20x10" = $(2310°)23, 2 (So V3, 202 Voy 204472. V CCateuate the gate source vatlage. ‘sunstute 0.5 V for ¥, and 04472 V 101 Voy Vey #0447240 =09472V n095 ‘Thus, tho gate-tosource vowage ofthe network, Hogs step 20H Cates te gate votage of he ret Ks 0.95 VV, 2095 sweat 0 tr Ve ¥,-0=095 ¥,=095V Caveat te decent inthe feedback ner atk z, Ite R ‘Substiule9,95 Vor Ve and 2 MA for 095 fF = 0.475 xi0* A 0475 pA ‘Thus, te decurent ihe ledbasc note, s ATS pA] “The de curent in the feedback network is very sme compared 0200 wA.. $0, neglecting he feedback current in the network is correct. Step 301 12 CCaleuate the drain source volage of the network. Vou =Vo-¥y Veg =I(R4R,)-¥, ‘Suosttute 0.475 WA for Fy .2 MOQ TOF R.3 MQ for Ry and OY for, Vox = (047Sx10°) (210% 43.1040 = (0475x10*)(5x10°) #2375 a2AV ‘Thus, the dain source volage ef the network, Hog I Step 40°12 ‘Carcuse the output resistance ofthe network Reale Subst 2.4 Vfor Vag and 200 4A fOr Jp Re 00x10" =12x10 =z CCateuale the output resistance of transistor. pel D ‘Supstiute 20 Vitor ¥,, and 200 4A for ae **200x10* =0.1x10 =100kQ ‘Thus, he output resistance of Wanssstor y, Is very large compared tothe outeUtresitanc of he network AR, Hence, the effect of pcan be nesigiie Step 5.0 12 ) ‘Draw the sman signa equivaentcrcut diagram, 3MQ ‘Step 8 0°12 Apply nodat analysis fo node 2. =894.45x10" AV =894.45 A/V Stop 7 of 12 Ccatetate the sman signal vortage gain of the network trom equation (1). ‘Substitute 35 19¢ £10 Ry 100 x10" 2 for 7, and 894.45 pA/V %F g,, 894.4510 ag 10010” 310° = 284.1167 c10% 1.0833%107 =-8653VV ‘Thus, the sma signa! votage gain ofthe network, ay Step Bor 12 \Winen the NNVOS trarsisior remains in saturation, the argest outou vertage is obtsined at minimum drain to satetige owes Venn) Vor =04472 V Largest signal voltage tes inthe range of yp ) ‘Substitute 2.4 V 10r¥%pg (max) 374 0.4472 VO" ¥pg(min)in the equation ) 10 vpg (mx). Hence, he gest oft vtiage i, ¥, (max) = Yar (18x) =o Thus the peak othe argest ouput ine wave sign, v, (max) Cateutate the inpul vatage af maximum sutpul vollage \yl=225mVv “Thus th input vatlage a maximum opt vote. fy Step 90F 12 ro) ‘Draw the equivatnt cevitd agra with dummy votage source at the input 3MQ Figure 2 Step 11.0112 ‘Apply esl anaiyeis © node 1 Stop 12 012 CCatetate the sma signal input resistance ofthe network Re = 33.685 amin ‘Thus, the sma signal input resistance ofthe network, Re isStop 1 of5 8.044P Consider the Figure 8.16(a) from the text book. Consider the expression for the output resistance. Rog =r ll 2 V, ASSUME fy Hey 8M Ip = Ipg Substitute 74 for ry and tay. > Kava ty I, Rae 4% f, ‘D> L, Dp “a, Ya Substitute § V for ¥, and 100 kQ for Ry 5 100k= 5 s to" F000 k) Ip =25 pA Therefore, the value of the drain current J, is 25 pA - Step 2 of 5 Consider the expression for the voltage gain 4, . 4, = 8 mRow Substitute 100 kQ for Ry, and —40 V/V for 4, - 40 VV =-g,,(100 k) = Bn TOOK Sm = 0.4 mAV Therefore, the value of the transconductance is 0.4 mA/V - Step 3 of 5 Consider the expression for the transconductance g., - Ww mt =H, | | ¥, Su tL)" ste 2H Substitute 2 for Voy, . Sut W) 21, = =—2 Bn 7) Bu 2a aiyad(™ ai =2iek:(F) roo g (& ea 21k, (7) ( ‘Substitute 0.4 mA/V for g,, . 25 WA for J, and 400 A/V? for 4! W)___(0.4m) (7) © 2(25 4)(400 4) 016 ~ 2(25 1)(400 p) = O16n 0.02 » =8 Ww Therefore, the ratio of | —] is B] ( L | Step 4 of 5 Consider the expression for the overdrive voltage Vy, Substitute 0,4 mA/V for g,, and25 pA for J, - ~2(25n) on 04m =0.125V Therefore, the value of the voltage Y,,, is 0.125 V - The values of the volages Voy, and Vyy, are equal to Vy, since transistors Q, and Q, are operated at Yon Step 5 of 5 Consider the expression for the drain current Ip, - toe CE Substitute 25 wA for Ip, 0.125 V for Voy, and 100 wA/V? for k," - 25 w= L(100 »(), (0.125) 1 -4(2) (sees m) I= (7) (31.25 m) (4) - 1 L) 31.25m (2-9 Therefore, value of the ratio (2) is [32].‘' it Step 1 of 2 8.045P The input de bias for the maximum possible output voltage will be the average values of the voltages V,, and Vjy since the characteristics are linear in segment Ill that is at affer ve, = Vo. Calculate the value of the input dc bias voltage. Vat, vy wate (ial 2 Substitute 0.89 for V,, and 0.935 for Vig . 0,89+0.935 2 1,825 —— 2 =0.9125 V 4 Therefore, the required value of the input voltage V, i Step 2 of 2 Calculate the maximum value of the output voltage. Von tM Vy = -mut lon ‘0 = 2 Substitute 2.47 for V,, and 0.335 for Vj, - 2.474035 2 = 2:805 "2 =1.4025 V V, Therefore, the required value of the input voltage V, is [1.4025 V | ." it Step 1 of 5 8.046P Calculate the value of the voltage Vou . Vou =Vo0 “Ve ‘ors Substitute 0,526 V for Fors and 5 V for Voy - Voy =5—0.526 =4,474V Therefore, the value of the voltage Vo, is, 4.474 V Step 2 of 5 Calculate the value of the voltage Ves - Ysa =Vel+Pors| Substitute 0.6 V for |v, /_| and 0.526 V for Ways] - Vg =0.6+0.526 =1.126V Therefore, the value of the voltage V5, is 1.126 V - Step 3 of 5 The drain currents of the transistors Q, and Q, will be equal for the linear region of the characteristics in Figure 8.16(b) from the text book. That is. toy = Loy Substitute i Cox (2) e-my(u 4) for Ip, and esCa() (m-Pll [b+ 2p=2] ey. pater) 01% (Mg) -daicer() Pal M9) The values (7) and () are equal. Hence, Lh Lh WLatti-Me) (1+) 4,Cox (Vax -l¥el) '{ ta} Substitute 200 pA/V? for 4,Coy » 65 pA/V? for H,Cox 0.6 V for V,, and 1.126 V for Veg SV for Voy . 20° for V,, and 10 V for Vy, . (200 2)(¥, 06) (16% 4 4). (65 n)(1.126-0.6)" (i +h) (200y(, ~06) (222%) «(65)(0s26y (45%) (200)(¥, -0.6)" (ee }- (65)(0.276676)(15-¥,) (200)(¥, - 0.6)' (20+ V, ) = (130)(0.276676)(15-F,) (200)(¥; -0.6)' (20+, ) =(35.96788)(15-¥,) -— (0) Let ¥, =V,, and and ¥, =¥,, Substitute 4.474 V for V,, (200)(V,, -0.6)" (20+ 4.474) =(35.96788)(15- 4.474) (200)(¥,, -0.6)' (24.474) = (35.96788)(10.526) (¥,,-0.6)° (4894.8) = 378.588 378.588 V,,-0.6) =2—228 (Y4- 08) = org (V,,-0.6)' = 0.0774 Vy —-06 = J0.0774 Vi, -06=0.278 Vi, =0.278+06 =0.878V Therefore, the value of the voltage V,, for V,, = 4.474 V is 0,878 V - Step 4 of 5 Recall equation (1). (200)(¥, -0.6)' (20+V, )=(35.96788)(15-F, ) Let Vy =Voy and V, = Vip (200) (Vip - 0.6)" (20-+V gg ) = (35.96788)(15 Voy) Substitute Vy —V,, for Voy - (200)(V_ - 0.6)" (20+ Vg -V,,) = (35.96788)(15—Vy_ -V,) Substitute 0,6 V for |V,| . (200)(Vig -0.6)" (20+ Fig - 0.6) =(35.96788)(15- Vy - 0.6) (200) (Vig -0.6)' (19.4 + Vig ) = (35.96788) (14.4—Vy) (Voq? -1.2V q + 0.36) (3880 +200V,, ) = 517.94-35.97V,, 3880Vjg? + 200Vjq? — 4656V yg — 240Vig? + 1396.8 + 72V g = 517.94-35.97V n 200V,,) +3640V pq? - 4584V jy +1396.8 = 517.94 -35.9 Vy 200V,,? +3640V;," — 4584Vy +1396.8-517.94+35.97% ip =0 200M,” + 3640Vj_" — 4548.03V 4 + 878.86 = 0 Solve for the value of Vig , we get Vig = 0.24 V. Vg =0.95 V and V,, =-19.39 V Chose the value of Vj, to be Vp =0.95 V so that Vy >V,, . Hence, the value of Vip is 0.95 V Step 5 of 5 Calculate the value of the voltage Voy - Von =Vq-V, Substitute 0.95 V for Vg and 0.6 V for V, - Voq = 0.95-0.6 =035V Therefore, the value of the voltage Voy is 0.35 V Therefore, the linear region at the output extends in the range | 0.35 VV, < 4.474 V | occurs for the input range 0.878 V | ! a £ Step 20f9 Determine the vatue of Rat. when R, #0: E Rape Substitute Q for R, and 190 for 6 VL sr0081 =1+—_ +101 Therefore. the vatue of at for R20 is 1. fe Stop 30f9 Determine he vatue of Rt when R, =r, EB fa) Rea ate Rapat % Substitute r, for R, and 100 for B (100)| = Rea wt fe a 10041 % nr LOM 1410041 14100 102 2140.98 Re 98 % Therefore, the vaue of Bat for R =r, i8 1.98 fe Step 4 0f9 Determine he value of Rex when R, = 2r, 6 man A) " Kapa Substitute 2x for R, and 190 for 6 214 100)(2) 1710041 He 103 2141.94 Rw 22:94 % Therefore, the vaue of Ree for R,=2r is 2.94. fe Stop 5 0f9 Determine ine vatue ot Ret. wnen R, =107, 6 At) Reap hed nn Rapet % Substitute 107, for R, and 100 for B (100){ 12% ke +1041 14 {100)(19) 10+100+1 =149.01 Ree 10.01 % Therefore the value of Rat. for R=10r, 5 10.01. te Step 6 of 9 owen aero, n 410061 1 -L120)(50) 50410041 =145000 151 +3311 Re 341 reese raue ot Bet 8 |r, 8 34.11 Stop 7of9 Determine he value of Ree. when R, = Br, . te +41 5 Substitute Br, for R, and 100 for 6 (100) 100% Re ets. f & 1 10041 ale 100) (100) 100+100+1 1 440000 1 1449.75 Kaa s02s Therefore, ne value of Ret for R, = Br, is $0.75 - " Step 8 of 9 Determine the value of Rat. when R, = 1000, 7 (100){t000) = 11000410041 = 14100000 1101 21490823 Sa-o1e3 ‘Thereore. the vaue of Rat for R, =1000r, 5 91.83 - % Stop 90f9 Tabulate the results are as follows: Table-1 Role |2|m (2), a | 1000, Re 4/198) 294] 1001/3411 | 50.75) 9183 % Therefore, the required values are tabulated. 8.058PU stop tof 13 8.059P Refer to Figure P8.99 from the text book. Calculate the value of the output voltage vy, . Wahi (0 Therefore, the expression tro the output voltage v, iS kiygRy - Step 2of 13 Caleulate the value of the resistance 1, rb oe ke Substitute $0 V for V, and 0,1 mA for J, __50 “0.1m = Om = 500 k2 5 Therefore, the value of the resistance 1, is $00 iC Step 3 of 13, Calculate the value of the trancenductance g, . Substitute 0,1 mA for J, and 25 mV for Hy . O1m 23m =4mAV Bn ‘Therefore, the value of the transconductance g, is, 4 mA/V Step 4of 13, Calculate the value of the resistance 1, . net a Substitute 4 mA/V for g, and 190 for 6. 100 am =25 4k Therefore, the value of the resistance 1, is 25 kf Step 5 of 13 Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram. Figure 1 Step 6 of 13 Apply nodal analysis at output terminal. Bey 20 r +8,¥, =0 Soken + SO oh + E 1 3 $y, + 85%, =0 v +, (148, va(l+ Bat) *—%, A lta, v= ve ‘Therefore, the expression for the voltage v, Is — 1+g,f Step 7 of 13, Apply nodal analysis at node-t Substitute ——"2 + Me | Rate Ha Rey (Gets a @ +7 ‘Therefore, the expression for the output voltage is. Step 8 of 13, Recall equation (2). (Se Js Substitute $00 kA for 1, 4 MAW Tor 8, . 10 KO for Reg and 25 Kf tor 1, . {ee m)(500 k))(25 k){10 k) a 10k+25k -( (1+ 2000){250 M’ a 35k =(500250M), Use) ‘Therefore, the expression for the output voltage v, is (14.29 M)i,, - Step 8 of 13, Draw the small signal equivalent citcuttto find the output resistance Ry Figure 2 Step 10 of 13, Consider the expression for the vottage v,. ¥, =i, (Rellta) Therefore, the expression for the voltage v, 1S i, (Ry llr.) ‘Step 11 of 13 Consider the expression ‘or the ouput voltage v, %=(-B.%)% +4 (Regt) Substitute ~i, (R, |lz,) for v, (+48 Rell))% +4 (Relies) = H(t + Belo Rag lt) +(e ll) =i (r+ 8ro(Rapllts)+(Reg ll) =i, (r++ ese) llre)) a 4 re (l+ aur (Rel) Here, ~£ represents the output resistance R, a Reant(l+en)(Rgllte) 8 Therefore, the expression for the output resistance is r, +(1+ g.7,)(Rig iq) Step 12 of 13, Recall equation (3). R= +(I+ Bar )(Rig ll) Substitute 500 kM for x, . 4 mA/V for gy . 10 kM for Ry and 25 ke for r, R, = 500 k+(14(4 m)(500 k))(10 k|]25 k) =500 k+(1+(4 m)(500 (ESF) = 500 k +(1+(4 m)(500 k))(7.143 k) = 500 k-+(1+2000)(7.143 k) = 500 k +(2001)(7.143 k) = 500 k+14.29M R,=14.79 MQ Therefore, the value of the output resistance R, is [14,79 MQ Step 13 of 13, Compare equations (1) and (2). Magog = (14.29 Mig &R,, =14.29M Substitute 14.79 MOD for R - HigRog = (14.29 Ming (14.79 M) =14.29 M 1429M 14.79M = 0.966 ‘Therefore, eh value of the current gain isStop 1 of9 8. 060P Refer to Figure P8.60 from the text book. Calculate the value of the emitter current J, . Therefore, the value of the emitter current is | mA - The value of the collector current J., is approximately equal to the emitter current J, . Therefore, the value of the collector current is [T mal - Step 2 of 9 Calculate the value of the resistance r, . V, nat Substitute 100 V for V, and 1 mA for Z, Therefore, the value of the resistance ¥, is 100 kQ - Step 3 of 9 Calculate the value of the tranconductance g, gk y Substitute 1 mA for Z, and 25 mV for V; . =m 25m =40 mA/V &n Therefore, the value of the transconductance g, is, 40 mA/V - Step 4 of 3 Calculate the value of the resistance r, . =2.5 koe Therefore, the value of the resistance r, is 2.5 k2 Step 5 of 9 Draw the small signal equivalent circuit to find the output resistance Ry). Figure 1 Step 6 of 9 Consider the expression for the voltage v, ¥%4 = “io (R, Ire) Therefore, the expression for the voltage v, is ~i, (R, Ilr.) - Step 7 of 9 Consider the expression for the output voltage v, ¥ = (i, -Ba%e)r +4, (R lle) Substitute -i, (R, |I7,) for v, - vy, =(i,+i.8. (Rll) +i (Rllte) =1,(n + gar (R lle) +(R ll) =i,(r, + ear (Re lt) +(Rell)) =i,(r,+(I+2,7,)(R llr) Bear +(l+ er )(R le) ¥, Here, © represents the outputresistance R, . i, R=rt(l+gn (RM) 0) Therefore, the expression for the output resistance is r, +(I+g,r, )(R, llr) - Step 8 of 9 Recall equation (1). R=r+(I+er)(Riln) Substitute 100 kQ for r,. 40 mA/V for g,. 4.3K for R, and 2.5 k for r,. R, = 100 k +(1+(40 m)(100 k))(4.3 k|| 2.5 k) 4.3kx2.5 *) 4.3 k#2.5 k 10.75 ) 6.8K =100k+(1+(40 m)(100 w)( =100 k +(1+(40 m)(100 wy =100 k-+(1+4000)(1.58 k) =100 k +(4001)(1.58 k) =100k+6.32M R, =6.42 MO Therefore, the value of the output resistance R, is Step 9 of 9 Calculate the change in the value of the collector current Aly, - AV wen. Substitute 10 V for AV and 6.42 MQ for R, - 10 Me" aM =1.57 pA Therefore, the value of the change in the collector current Aff, isStop 1 of8 8.061P Consider the expression for the output resistance of the Common-Base amplifier. Rea + Bat (Re lr) Ra =1,(1485(Rllr)) Besa (Se -1 ate Therefore, the expression for the resistance R, is Step 2 of 8 Calculate the value of the transconductance g, ent ¥, Substitute 0.5 mA for fp and 25 mA ‘or V; - 25m 25m =0.02 A/V Therefore, the value of the transconductance g. is 0,02 A/V - Step 3 of 8 Calculate the value of the resistance 7, - Bn Substitute 0,02 A/V for g, . Therefore, the value of r, is 5 kQ Step 4 of 8 Recall equation (1). Substitute § for fe » 5kQ for r, and 0,02 A/V for g. ___(Sk)(5-1) ®=(5x)(0.02)-(5-1) 64) 100-4 220k = 208.332 Therefore, the value of the resistance R, for Re =Sis % Step 5 of 8 Recall equation (1). Substitute 19 for Re + 5kQ for r, and 0,02 A/V for g, . m Re (5 k)(10-1 (5 k)(0.02)-(10-1) (5&9) 100-9 = 494.512 Therefore, the value of the resistance R, for Ree 10 i r, ‘o Stop 6 of 8 Recall equation (1). Substitute 59 for Re » 5kQ for 7, and 0.02 A/V for g,. to -_(5k){50-1) © (5k)(0.02)-(50-1) _ (5 k)(49) 100-49 _ 245k “ST =48kQ RX Ree 2 50 is Therefore, the value ofthe resistance R, for % Step 7 of 8 Row . % Consider the expression for the Let the maximum possible factor of Re bea r, ro =1 7 ‘ veg) Substitute § kQ for x, and 0.02 A/V for g. onts(a00/ 26 ) R.+5k o-1(om( £62) _R,(100) R.+5k (a-1)(2,+5k)=R, (100) (a-1)(R,)+(a-1)5 k =R, (100) -.... To calculate the value of resistance, it is required that the factor should be less than. Thatis a—1<100 implies, @ < 101 . Therefore, the maximum value of the factor is . Step 8 of 8 Recall equation (2). (a-1)(R,)+(a-1)5 k=R (100) Substitute 100 for a . (100-1), +(100-1)(5 k) = R, (100) 99R, +495 k =100R, 100R, -99R, = 495 k R= 495kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance R, for the maximum value of the factor a is, ." it Step 1 of 7 8.062P Refer to Figure 8.29 from the text book. Calculate the expression for the output voltage v, . 1. =-( sum) (Kru) oon Therefore, the expression for the output voltage v, is -(g4,¥,)(Kry) - Step 2 of 7 Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram. Figure 1 Step 3 of 7 Consider the expression for the voltage v, . —(S.i% Ma Substitute vy, for v,,, - y ¥=—(Bni%) Fa Therefore, the expression for the voltage v, is —(g.,¥,) 75. Step 4 of 7 Apply nodal analysis at output terminal. ¥, n + 8n2%q2 = 0 Substitute —y, for vp. . ¥-¥, “2 vg=0 Tea VM MBmaler =0 Ye EM IM Bushes %=% (I+ Sarr) Here, gyatyy >> 1 and hence 14 Sya%yo © Saaloa « % =%(Bnateo) Substitute -(g,,v,)ry for ¥ ¥%, =—(Bmi%)(Bnator for (2) Step 5 of7 Compare the equations (1) and (2). Therefore, the approximate value for the factor K iS afy Step 6 of 7 Recall equation (3). K=8yiha ‘Substitute 2p for g,, and Ya tor r, v. fun AN fed 4 lo «(re )a) s|& Substitute $9 for K and 0,2 V for ¥,, w, 0-03 50= 4 V,=5V Therefore, the value of the voltage F, is Step 7 of 7 Consider the expression for the voltage V, . ¥,=V,L wee y Substitute § V for ¥, and § V/am for y," 5 L-— S/ip =lpm Therefore, the value of the length zis [1pm] -" it Step 1 of 3 8.063P Refer to Figure 7.10 in the text book for the cascade current source amplifier. The output resistance of cascade current source is, R= (Sastea Mou As the two transistors are identical, the output resistance is, (eal?) “te ral) Here, V, is the early voltage, and Vy, is the overdrive voltage. Hence, Step 2 of 3 (a) Write the formula for the current supplied by the current source /. reel Substitute 199x10°* A/V? fr 4,C,, 0.2 V for Voy . O.Lx107 A for F . 4 V for (P,] and 0.2 V for Voy - 0.1x107 = (5) roxio") oat( + 2) wv, 2x0.1«107 (100% 10°*}|0.2)'| 1 ) = 47.62 Thus, the z Tatio of the transistors is Step 3 of 3 (b) Write the formula for the current supplied by the current source /. fs 5H6. (4 Wer (+) Substitute 19910 A/V? for 4,Cu, 9.2 V FOr Voy » 05x10 A fOr F.4 V for |P,| and 0.2 V for Ko 05x10? = =($)(rox104)(7 Joar(r+® 02) Wi 2x0.5x10" (100% 10°*}[0.2) | 1 ) = 238.) Thus, the z ratio of the transistors is :8.064P We don't have the solution to this problem yet. Get help from a Chegg subject expert.Stop 1 of5 8.065P Refer to Figure 8.30(a) from the text book. Consider the expression for the transconductance g, . 2p any Substitute 2 mA/V for g_ and 0.25 V for Vo, 2p 0.25 Ima 025 1, = 0.25 mA Therefore, the value of the drain current I, is, . 2m= Step 2 of 5 Consider the expression for the output resistance R, . R= Bmilaitor substitute M42 and n, and nq dy te , _ aalYs) B I; Substitute 2 mA/V for g,, . 0.25 mA for I,. 5 V/jm for vi and 200 kQ for R, - 200 k= 2 MS ny 2 (0.25 my Gaye (0.25 my p = {00M)(025 my (5/1ny nll k)(0.25 m) (5/14) 25 Gr) =0.5 pm Therefore, the value of the length Z is 100 M Step 3 of 5 Consider the expression for the drain current J, 1 w To= Cox (3) Vor? Substitute 400 pa/V? for g,, . 0.25 mA for I, and 0.25 V for Vy, 0.25 m= 3400 2% )(oasy W ___2(0.25m) L (400 2)(0.257 We 0.5m “LE (400 4)(0.0625) W_0Sm “Sn =20 Ble oo] Therefore, the value of the ratio. x is : Step 4 of 5 For the maximum negative signal swing at the output terminal, the value of the drain to source voltage Vig of each transistor should be equal to Vy, . That is Vpg = 0.25 V Calculate the value of the voltage Vy . Vox = Vos + Vos Substitute Voy +V,, for Veg - Vg = Vig + Voy + Vg Substitute 0.25 V for Vg and Vy, and 0.5 V for V, . Vigq =0.2540,25+0.5 =1V Therefore, the value of the voltage Voy i Step 5 of 5 Calculate the minimum possible output voltage V,. Substitute 0,25 V for Vag V,, =2(0.25) =05V Therefore, the value of the output voltage V,‘' it Step 1 of 6 8.066P Refer to Figure 8.33 from the text book. Calculate the value of the transconductance g, - Substitute 0.2 mA for J and 0.2 V for Voy 2(0.2 m)} Su 2 =2(1m) =2mA/V Therefore, the value of the transconductance gy, is Step 2 of 6 Calculate the value of the resistance r, ell cod Substitute 0.2 mA for 7 and 4 V for V, . ne ° 0.2m =20k2 Therefore, the value of the resistance y, is 20kQ . Step 3 of 6 Calculate the value of the output resistance of the amplifier R, . R= (Basher for Substitute 20kQ2 for x, and r,, and 2 mA/V for g,, - R,, = (2 m)(20k)(20k) =800kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance R,, is Step 4 of 6 Calculate the value of the output resistance of the current source Ry . Rey = (Bustos) "ou Substitute 20kQ for ¥,, and ¥,, and 2 mA/V for g,, - R, =(2-m)(20k)(20%) =800kNQ Therefore, the value of the resistance Ry is Step 5 of 6 Calculate the value of the overall output resistance R, RRR, Substitute 800 kM for R, and R,, . R, =800 k||800 k __(800 k)(800 k) 800 k+800 k __ (800 k)(800 k) 1600 k 800k 2 R,=400 ka Therefore, the value of the overall output resistance R, is . Step 6 of 6 Calculate the value of the voltage gain 4, 4,=-8mik, Substitute 400 kQ for R, and 2 mA/V for g,, Therefore, the value of the voltage gain 4, is [800 V/V | .Stop 1 017 8.067P Refer to Figure 8.33 from the text book. Consider the expression for the gain A, . 4=-8aR, Substitute -280 V/V for A, and | mA/V for g, . -280=-(1m)R, 230 & Im R, = 280kQ Therefore, the value of the output resistance R, is 280 kQ Step 2 of 7 Consider the expression for the output resistance. R,=[(aeatea tes ]II[Cgestes 20] Substitute | mA/V for gy and gy. FTF my. thy» hy aNd ry and 280k for R, 280 k=[(1 m)r,"]iI[(Im)z,7] 280k=(1m),,"(III1) 280k =(Im)r? (3) 280k =(1 my(4) aeom =/2(2) 7} =2(280 M) 7) =560M 1, = ¥560M 1, = 23.66 kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance g, is Step 3 of 7 Consider the expression for the current 7 8nVor 2 Substitute | mA/V for g, and 0,25 V for Voy, =f! m)(0.25) 2 =0.125 mA Therefore, the value of the current J is I= Step 4 of 7 Consider the expression for the resistance 5 , pot 7 Substitute 23,66 kQ for y, 0.125 mA for J and 5 W/L p for yp’ - SM w)L 0.125 m (23.66 k)(0.125 m) Le (571m) _2.9575 (1p) 10.5915 pm 23.66 k = Therefore, the value of the length J i Step 5of7 Consider the expression for the bias current J of transistor Q, - 1 Ww 1=24,Cox| — | Vor? peo) Yr Substitute 0,125 mA for # . 400 pA/V? for u,Coy and 0,25 V for Voy - 0.125 m ~4(4000)(7) (028) 2 Lh) 0.125 m= (200 o(F) (0.25) (7)- 0.125 m L) (200n)(0.25)" (2) 0.125 m ZL) 25h On io { ©) Therefore, the value of the ratio | — | is (7) 1 Step 6 of 7 The value of the ratio 4) is equal to the ratio ( 2 . #) , . Hence, the value of the ratio is [—J| is : z) (7) +0) Step 7 of 7 Consider the expression for the bias current 7 of transistor Q, 1 Ww Is yheCox (3), Vor" Substitute 0.125 mA for 7. 100 pA/V? for 4,Coy and 0.25 V for Vey - 0.125 m=4(100 » (2) (025) 2 L)s 0.125 m=(50 o(¥), (0.25) Sy (z 0.125 m LE), 3125 yh ¥ =| =40 (7) Therefore, the value of the ratio *) is [4] . Lh . Hence, the value of the ratio is The value of the ratio (3) is equal to the ratio 3 4 —Stop 1 4 8. 068P Refer to Figure 7.10 in the textbook for the circuit. The output resistance of the cascade current source is, R=(2.%)% 1 2 Ai Worl? 25") * 0.2(100 » 10) =2,5MQ Thus, the output resistance is . Calculate the voltage Veg, - Vsca = Yq | + [Yor | =0.8+ 0.2 =1V Calculate the voltage Vo, - You = Yoo ~ Yeas =33-1 =23V Thus, the voltage V,, is, |, = 2.3 V| Step 2 of 4 To allow largest possible signal swing at the output terminal, use minimum required voltage Voy across. Q,- Calculate the voltage V,, - Vos = Yoo = Yor | =3.3-02 =31V Since the two transistors are identical and are carrying equal currents, the voltage Veo, is, ¥, ‘sos = ¥, ‘SG4 =IV Calculate the voltage Vg, . Vos =Vou Vacs =3.1-1 AV Thus, the voltage V5 is, Step 3 of 4 The maximum voltage allowed at the output terminal of the current source is strained by the need to allow a minimum voltage of Vy, across Q, The highest allowable voltage at the output is, Vos = You Worl =3.1-02 =29V Thus, the highest allowable voltage at the output is Step 4 of 4 The bias current in the circuitis, (tl bl ml G&.) Substitute 100 pA for 7. 60 pA/V? for 44,C,, . 0.2 V for Vg, .and § V for rl in the equation. 100% 10% = 4 (60 10*)()(oay [ + 22) ()-3 100 x 10* a L 6 2 . (60x 10*)(02y [2 =80.13 Thus, the x ratio is, L" it Step 1 of 3 8.069P Refer to Figure P7.28 in the textbook for the circuit. From the circuit diagram, the gate voltage of Q, is, ov The small signal equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Step 2 of 3 From the circuit diagram, write following voltage relations: Vet Vv and ¥, = Ye Since vg, is zero, the dependent voltage source gy shown in Figure 2. is open. Then, the modified circuit diagram is Figure 2 Step 3 of 3 Apply nodal analysis at node v, ¥, Therefore the drain voltage of transistor @, is smaller than applied voltage vy, by a factor of | | Vv, Sat!" it Step 1 of 9 8.070P Refer to Figure P7.29 in the textbook for the circuits (a), (b), and (c). (a) Given drain current is kept constant (1) 1 ¥ 1h ucu)(E Ve 1, (#\p =ok,|— |; i6(Z)va From the \circuit (a), the drain current is, I= zh, (En. wee A) From the given circuit (b), the drain current is, Step 2 of 3 Equate equations (1) and (2). 1, (Br, 24 (Bs th (Svan =24 (Zan 1 Van =(4)¥2s Vora = We Therefore, over drive voltage of circuit (b) is double that of the original circuit (a) is proved Step 3 of 9 The transconductance is, p= 2 A Since drain current is kept constant, Transconductance varies inversely with the over drive voltage. 1 “7, Bea Yorn Bm Vows Bun Yor. (Se from equation %) Bu Yon Vor = Wor Sa) Bn 2 wo-(e Therefore, the transconductance of circuit (b) is halved that of the original circuit (a) is proved. Step 4 of 9 The vottage gain is, A= Bale Au = ove 4a LVon Ay 4 (2¥on) (oor Yovr = %er) Ae (4b Wor, land, =41, Art Aq 2 Aa = 2 Ay Therefore, the voltage gain of circuit (b) is double that of the original circuit (a) is proved. Step 5 of 9 (b) Since there is no change in gate width to length ratio (W/L) , each transistor in circuit (c) have same over drive voltage as in circuit (a) Therefore, over drive voltage of circuit (c) is same as that of the original circuit (a) is proved. Step 6 of 9 The transconductance of circuit (a) is, L=8ui% Smt % G, = 8m Step 7 of 9 For the circuit (c), the small signal model is shown in Figure 4. Figure 1 Step 8 of 9 From Figure 4, the output current is, 4 = BaaYaa ~~ (4) Write the nodal equation for the circuit. Ver. Y g2 , “gp? Ba2%p2* a + .. Ba" ot =SmiM 1 Vase (ce + a vata [seen (F}(3)} Hence, equivalent transconductance of circuit (c) is equal to Transconductance of transistor for which input voltage is applied. Thatis g., - Hence, transconductance of circuit (c) is same that of the original circuit (a). Step 9 of 9 Voltage gain for cascaded transistor is, Age apy --(%) Vor The overall voltage gain is proportional to gate length and inversely proportional to overdrive voltage. In circuit (c), overdrive voltage and channel length are same as that of original circuit. oe Yor -(-24)4 Yor An=(-A)A Hence voltage gain of circuit (c) is increased by a factor of A, to the gain of original circuit (a). sal alsStep 1 of 5 Refer to Figure 8.33 from the text book. The overdrive voltage for all the transformers will be same since all the transformers are matched. Calculate the value of the overdrive voltage Vy Vow =V, Ve Substitute 0,6 V for V, and 0.4 V for V,, - Voy = 0.6-0.4 =02V Therefore, the value of the overdrive voltage Voy, is ~ | 8.071P Step 2 of 5 Calculate the value ofthe voltage Vey - Vey = Vea Vesa Substitute Vy, +V,, for Ves - Vox =Ver— (Vora +Vu) v, = Vox 7 Vora Substitute 0.9 V for Voy .0.2 V for Voy, and 0.4 V for V, . Vqq = 0.9-0.2-0.4 =03V Therefore, the value of the voltage ¥,, is 0.3 V . Step 3 of 5 Calculate the minimum value of the output voltage V,., - ¥, ‘oma “Vs + Vora Substitute 0,3 V for ¥,, and 0,2 V for Voy. - Vw, = 0.3402 =05V Therefore, the minimum value of the output voltage V,.., iS 0.5 V - Step 4 of 5 Calculate the value of the voltage Vz Ves" Ves +Vess Substitute Voy, +V,, for Ves, - Voy = Ves —(Vors+¥n) = Vey —Vors Vou Substitute 0.4 V for Vg, .0,2 V for Vyy and 0.4 V for V, - V5, =0.44+0.24+0.4 =1V Therefore, the value of the voltage Ve, is 1 V Step 5 of 5 Calculate the minimum value of the output voltage V, a, Vom =Ve3—Vors Substitute | y for Vey and 0.2 V for Voy, - Vorug, =1-0.2 =08V Therefore, the maximum value of the output voltage V, a, iS 0.8 V - Therefore, the range of the output voltage is [0.5 V SV, $0.8 VStop 1 of5 8.072P The transconductance, gq is, Ww = J2k—I, Sm2 { LD? Ww Substitute 409 pa/V? for ky. 15 for zr and 0.2 mA for Ip . Sma = (400 x 10°*}(15) (02 x 10°) = 2400 x10? =1.55 mA/V Step 2 of 5 The voltage, Y, is, V, = Vi LSubstitute § V/ym for ¥i and 0.36 um for J, inthe expression, V, = Vix L . V,=2ViL = 5x 10°(0.36 x 10°) =18V The resistance, x is, yale Ip Substitute 1.8 V for V, and 0,2 mA for J, in the expression, nal wait 18 02x10" =9k2 Step 3 of 5 The output resistance is, R= (Sarher)iot Substitute 1.55 mA/V for g., . 9 kQ for x, and 9 kA for ,, inthe expression R= (Sur%o2) Fa =(1.55x107)(9x10°)(9x10°) = 125.55 kQ Step 4 of 5 The expression for the voltage gain is, 4, =~8m(Roll R.) Substitute 1.55 mA/V for g,, and 100 V/V for A, in the equation. 4=-8&m(RllR,) ~100 =-1.55 x 10° (R11 R,) 100 (Rik) 1,55 x 10° = 64.516 kQ Simplify further. RR 64516 x10° R,+R, L RR, =(R+R,)(64.516x10°) RR, =(64.516x10°) R, + (64.516x10°), R,(R, -64.516x10") =(64.516x 10°) R, _ (64516x10")k, *'R,—64.516x 10° Substitute 125.55 kQ for R, in the expression. _(64.51x10°)(125.55x10") ~ 125.55x10° -64,51x10° =132.7kQ Hence, the value of R, at which the voltage gain becomes —100 V/V is . Step 5 of 5 The voltage gain of the CS amplifier is, A= Bal Substitute 1.55 mA/V for g,, and 9 kQ for », in the equation. AF Bute = (1.55 x 10°)(9 x 10°) = 13.95 V/V Therefore, the voltage gain of the CS amplifier is, |4, = 13.95 V/V|‘Stop 1 0f9 Reter to Figure P7.34 in the textbook for the circutt (a) the ransistrs have some. ar Bu = Bar = Sas = Bar = Bn From tne cru the resistance i, Ren ‘Thus, the resistance &, is, [R= 8.073P The cascade NMOS transistor Q} mulliplies the resistance R, by (guyr,) Hence. the resistance Ry is, R= (sat)R =(8a%)% =, (Since, ga: = &_) Thus, the resistance Rs. [R, = gare The cascade PMOS transistor Q, divides the resistance R, by (guor,) . Hence, the resistance Ry I. (Since, g,,=8.) ‘Thus, the resistance R, is, ‘Stop 2019 ©) From the circuit, the curent i, is. Step 30f9 From tne circle curent fi, ate % From the cui, write the follwing current relation Atha (y The current j,i, 5 = BaiMpt Substile g6aM%pq for 4 . “EE for j, .and g.y, for j in equation (1) % “pa Sap t = 80%, 1 rofer 00 The current j,i, yt 5 fey ‘Substitute T for veg inthe equation. mA ‘Thus, the ourrent é is, Step 4of9 ‘Consider equation (1). aehth “Es 7 1% amt g,For j nthe equation ‘Substilute =y—S2— 44 Ba “Ene? peey ye TD 20% Eat + I~ Ba¥i (ear+ 1) = BEY + Ba, ~ Ba, ~ (aan+0) 2 (é i} Thus, the current fis, From the circuit, the current jis. Mp2 1= Satya + EE ma(eet) Trus. the cunent 8. fe ae] - From the circuit, the current fis, ah =VEm Thus. te rent From he ret ecurert 260, Thus, the curent i, is, [, = 0 From the circuit, the current f, is, hakth h=0+4, (Since, 4 =0) b= = "Be (Since, is = 14) Thus, the current & is, [fy =m ‘Step Sof 9 © From, the circuit, the voltage ¥y, is, Wa Ay =~ 8a(e1%)% =-aa(elle)y Thus. hevotage v1, Jy = —5 Step 6 0f9 From, the circuit the voltage v, i, = AY, TAC AaLALS ~8u(Bat2 llBar?)% (Since, R = g4/2) Bey, 2 Thus, the voltage ¥, i, supror9 a we Bale Lat, i Bale Bale, 2 vy ‘Thus, the voltage vy is, Jy, = Zale y, Step 8 019 @ ‘Consider the equation of voltage ¥ Eafey, 2 Substiute 20 for gyr, and § mV for ¥, 20, 7 , = - 25x10 y=-2(sx0°) =-50mV Consider the equation of volage ‘Substitute 20 for guy, and § mV for y, . - y, =~ (5x10 2 (se109) =-1V consisrbe eqmincttage y= Hay, 2 substite 2010" gut, snd § mV 10°» % = 22(sx10%) =50mv Step 90f9 The sketch ofthe waveforms is shown in Figure 4Stop 1 of8 8.074P Refer to Figure P8.74 from the text book. Consider the expression for the bias current 7 . Substitute 0,2 mA for 7, 100 pA/V? for 4,C,, and 0.2 V for Voy - 1 Wen 02m=4(100 w(%)(o2y 0.2 m=(50 »(F}(oo9 02m=(2 » (2) W_02m L H Ww —=100 L ion © Therefore, the value of the ration — is, : erate, the vale ofthe ration =i, Step 2 of 8 For the largest possible output swing, the value of the drain to source voltage Vig of each transistor should be equal to the overdrive voltage Vi, . Calculate the value of the voltage Vo, . Yer =¥oo-Wol-Worl Substitute 1.8 V for Vpy . 0.4 V for I Therefore, the value of the voltage Ve, i Step 3 of 8 Calculate the value of the voltage V,, . oo ~¥os:—Pe|-Vorl Substitute 1.8 V for Vyp 0.2 V for Pog, » 0.4 V tor [V,| and 0.2 V for [Foy] Voq =1:8-0.2-0.4-0.2 =1V Therefore, the value of the voltage Vg is, Step 4 of 8 Calculate the value of the voltage Vi. - Yas =Vao Vos: Voss —Vo|-Worl Substitute 1,8 V for Vag . 0.2 V for Vag, 0.2 V fOr Pog,» 0.4 V 10 and 0.2 V for oy| - Voy #1.8-0.2-0.2-0.4-0.2 =08V Therefore, the value of the voltage Vey is, Step 5 of 8 Consider the expression for the output resistance. R= (Buster )(Baatea rr Here, B45 = Seq ANd 14, = My = Nyy Since, the transistors are matched. Therefore, the expression for the output resistance R, is, g,?r,? Step 6 of 8 Calculate the value of the transconductance g, . Therefore, the value of the transconductance g, is, 2 mA/V - Step 7 of 8 Calculate the value of the resistance r, . Substitute 0.2 mA for J , 6 V for Vo, and 0.13 pm for £ . L541 )(0.13 2) o 0.2m = 0:78 “02m =3.9kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance », is, 3,9 KO Step 8 of 8 Recall equation (1). Rat, Substitute 3.9 kQ for y, and 2 mA/V for g, - R= (2m) (3.9k) = (4x10*)(5.9313x10") = 237.252 kd Therefore, the value of the output resistance is, [237.252 kQ | -8.075P We don't have the solution to this problem yet. Get help from a Chegg subject expert.‘' it Step 1 of 8 8.076P Consider the circuit diagram shown in Figure 4. Voc Veo Q, R oO Figure 1 Step 2 of 8 Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram to calculate the value of output resistance R, Figure 2 Step 3 of 8 Calculate the expression for the voltage v,, - Vea =-b (Fall a2) Therefore, the expression for the voltage v,, is —i Step 4 of 8 Consider the expression for the voltage v, . ¥, = (i, — Busan) fr + (i - SiMe (Pa lea) Substitute QV for v,, . ¥% = (i SaaYer) For * (ts ~ Ben (0)) (Fall) = (i, — Sa2%ea) for tHe (all te2) = ifn — BnVaatea tia (Mall fan) Substitute i, (15 I] %2) fF vy - Vy dafoa~ GuaFoa (Hata ll Yen) #4 (Fr IlMea) fan * Burhoade (tu Ul Yaa) +4, (tor ll 2) btea* (Suatea + 1)ke (taal tea) Here, g4%go +1 is approximately equalto guar, - ta (Saatoa ie (tiller) = iia (I+ Bea ("a llta2)) Here, 14g.) (1) ll %2) is approximately equal to g(r, [I 7,2) - vy, Here, — represents the output resistance R, . i, R= ha(1+ 80a (alla) Therefore, the expression for the output resistance R, iS gyatga(ty ll %2) - Step 5 of 8 Calculate the value of the transconductance g. . tL y, &n Substitute 0.2 mA for 7 and 25 mV for V, 0.2m Therefore, the value of the transconductance g, is, 8 mA/V - Step 6 of 8 Calculate the value of the resistance r, . nels er Substitute 0.2 mA for J and § V for V, . goo 02m =25kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance y, is, 25kQ . Step 7 of 8 Calculate the value of the resistance r, . B nae Bu Substitute 8 mA/V for g_ and $0 for B 30. 8m =6.25kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance r, is, 6,25 kQ - Step 8 of 8 Recall equation (1), to determine the value of output resistance. Ry = Saafea (Vall tea) Substitute 6.25 kQ for r, , 25 kM for n, and y,, and 8 MA/V for g . R,=(25 k)(8 m)(25 k|]6.25 k) (25 k)(628 k) =m 25k+625k } 0m Stat) = (200)(5000) R=1MQ Therefore, the value of the output resistance R_ is) Mol.Step 1 of 6 8.077P Write the expression for output resistance of the BJT cascode amplifier. R= 8% (r(l%) 1x, sol nth Substitute Jeorg. Valrornana ila for r, in the equation. yr 7 i Z Va, Be eles te) Va, Stop 2 of 6 The expression for figure-of-merit of the BJT cascode amplifier i, IR, =1,R, (Since = 1.) v7? subsite AIA oy R, inthe equation t(Vl+ 8%) ele (tha) __ apy Walt BY, 1 oF y/o. Al 5+] al ir) MB Thus, the expression for figure-of- merit of the BUT cascode amplifier, JR, is Step 3 of 6 Evaluate the value of figure-of merit. * (ox10")+(20x107) -=—_ © 25x10" =200¥ Thus, the value of figure-of-merit, JR, is Step 4 of 6 Find the value of output resistance for 7 = 0,1 mA. IR, =200 200 Rat Substitute 0.1 mA for J in the equation. = 20_ O.1x107 = 2000x10° =2MQ Thus, the value of output resistance R, for 7=0.1 mA is [2 MQ] - xR Step 5 of 6 Find the value of output resistance for 7 = 0.5 mA - IR, =200 200 7 Substitute 0.5 mA for J inthe equation. _ 0.210" 5x10" =0.4x10° =0.4MQ R Thus, the value of output resistance R, for 7 = 0,5 mA |s[0.4 MQ] Step 6 of 6 Find the value of output resistance for 7 =] mA- IR, =200 200 RT Substitute | mA for 7 in the equation. 0.2x10° R07 =0.2x10* =0.2MQ Thus, the value of output resistance R, for 7 = 1 mA [0.2 MQ]Stop 1 of5 8.078P Refer to Figure 7.19 in the textbook for the BJT cascode amplifier. Write the expressions for R, and Ry . Ry = (Sastes (tou Ils) And Rea = (Bnafor (a llc2) Step 2 of 5 Since all the transistors have equal B and 5 , the expression for Ry and Ry is, Ry = Ra = Bate llte) xr, vole) nth iv, Substitute der Sue Palerane ra for r, in the equation. T c ay “TWl* #%) ‘Simplify further. or ofl Reo Re WIA) _ Av 1.4%, rears 5-+F5) wl (ht Leet (irs) (Since, I =f) Step 3 of 5 The voltage gain is, 4,=~8mi(Ra lly) Since all the transistors have equal f and r, , the expression for voltage gain is, A= -8.(RallRy) Iw tute J Substitute in for g, . te Step 4 of 5 Consider the expression for voltage gain. be 1 V; =-—| —2_ 4a--3% 1 Val 8 Step 5 of 5 Substitute § V for V, , 25 mV for V, and 50 for £ in the equation. = A= 4 pms ; 0.025 * 50 --i( aa) 2\,200+ 0,02 100 200.02 =-05 Thus, the voltage gain 4, is, [0.5 V/V] -Stop 1 of6 8.079P Calculate the value of the transconductance g . ee= I “V; Substitute 0.2 mA for ¢ and 25 mV for ¥, Therefore, the value of the transconductance g is, § mA/V - Step 2 of 6 Calculate the value of the resistance y, . Y, net Substitute 0.2 mA for J and 100 V for V, . = 100 ° 02m = 500 kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance », is, $00 kK. Step 3 of 6 Calculate the value of the resistance y, . B Ba Substitute 8 mA/V for g, and 50 for # Therefore, the value of the resistance », is, 6,25 kQ . Step 4 of 6 Consider the expression for the resistance R, R, = Br, Substitute $00 kM for r, and $0 for B - R,, =(50)(500k) =25MQ Therefore, the value of the resistance R,, is 25 MQ - Step 5 of 6 Consider the expression for the resistance R,, Ray = Bnatea (Fr ll/a2) Substitute 6.25 kQ for r, , $00 kM for v,, and r,, and 8 mA/V for g, - R,, = (500 k)(8 m)(500 kj} 6.25 k) (500 k)(6.25 k) =o ( ee) woo =(4000)(6172.84) R,, = 24.69 MQ Therefore, the value of the output resistance R, is 24.69 MQ. Step 6 of 6 Consider the expression for the voltage gain 4, . 4.=~8a (Rell Ra) Substitute 8 mA/V for g, .24.69 MQ for R, and 25 MQ for Ry A,=~(8m)(25 M[[24.69 M) 25 Mx 24.69 M =-(em)(Bewe™) 25M +24.69 M --wn( ene =-(8 mi 2228512") A, =~(8m)(12.42 M) =-99.36 kV/IV Therefore, the value of the voltage gain A, is | -99.36 kV/V | -Viste tots © Rotor to FiguroP7-46 (an tho textbook forthe erat ‘The input resistances, Rant “Be 100 *ax107 = 25k ‘Thus, he input resistance is, Fincing tanecorduearce g. Stop 2018 Calculate the valve ot “The output resistance, Be nF __ {100)(50x10°) =25na “Thus, he outer cesistarce is, [R, = 25 MAO] “The cpensroutvollage gains A= (BPR) Fromthe creat, Ry = fr, Substiute ti inthe equatien, A= 80(Br IP) (4) nf) = 20000 V/V Thus. he epercircut votage gains, A_ = 20000 W/V] Stop 3019 © eter to Figure 27.45 (0) ne tetacok ere exc. “Toe input resistance i, Rat 2 a =e) 10? =25k0 ‘Thus, reinpul eststarce is, [RL = 25 WS] Stop 4 ot Colona the value of ry ya wny - i, 100x107 = 50k Catouate ne valve ot 5 ran te ae a 00x10" = 50k Step Sots Calouale ne vaive et g., Calas the value ef gay a Fy 2(100x10+) 02 =1mAV Theciostremarce Rem t(4 Bahan = (s0<10"}(1+(L<10°)(s0xt0"))(sox10") = (50x10) +51(s0x10°) =26Ma “Thus, me ouput vonage is, [RC = 2.6 MA] CColcuste the ouput resistance of curent sue. Ram atta ={1102)(50 «1050 x 10) R=25MQ “The opon aire votlage gains, (x i A} Baila gig oe) read ghee =-r109(222\14 (io) osio) 2 hat = -2500 VV “Thus, he open circuit vatage gains, [A == 2500 VV] Step 8 of © Refer to Figure 7-46 (c] in he txtbook forthe suit Shee te Inpul existance of MOSFET is infrity, the input resistance of he circuit ==] Ccalcalaletne value of g. a(toonio*) = 02 =tmav Calouato the vaLect guy _2lioonie+) 02 1m Calisto tre valve of ry *To0x 107 =50k0 Calcul ne vaive ef rp The cupsteesstorce 5. Rana t(l+ gatas = (50x10"}+(i+(ix107)(50x10"))(50x10") =(60<10°) +51(50x10+) =2.6MQ Thus re out ota i, step 19 Caloutee oup venice of cunt aouce Rea Saletan =(1%10°)(50 «107)(50210') R=25M0 The packet ete ga Anta if op) treme = -eo()0 eats ge aa, ~-(0009)( 222 |to(va0>) (0x10) ae =-625 VV “Thus, teepen-areutvetage gains, [A ==623 WIV] Stap 8 of 2 @ Rererto Figure P7.46 (a) nthe textbook fr ine crc, Since te inp resistance of MOSFET is infirity, the input rsistance of he cet is, ==] Coloute the vave of fay ca _2(i00x10*) ~ 02 =1mAv CCotouste the vaue et gay k wk ery 10010 ‘25107 =4a4V Ceuta tne value ot 1, nate fe 3 *jo0x10F = 50k Cacuiate the vaue ot ry ae _3 “Tox =s0kn Coleuate the vaue of x, nek Ba 100 a1 =254K0 The oupasesisaree R=rall+ga(tal)) = (50x10°)(1+(4107)[(s0x10")4(25>10°)]) = (50%10°}(1+ 4210") (16.6710) =3.383 Me “Thus, me ouput votago is, [R= 3.383 MA] CCaleuate the euputrsistarce of cunent seurce Ra=R =3.383 MA. ‘The emitter resistance ef rnsister Q, i, @ =f (rN 100 “Gooey ax10"} =247:525.0 Stop 908 ‘The open-circuit vatage gain. Aaa (cllRa Bata) +Ry, |(lrgata) og, ta 227, tess) (Since 2, R) 2-(ino"] posi C2? 63x24 |(e(4ntor)son04) 3365 x10" 2 (0x10) 33851 == (0010°) (soto) (41. 446n109) CO =-2715VN Thus, the open-circuit veitage gain is, Bas viv) 8.080P8.081P We don't have the solution to this problem yet. Get help from a Chegg subject expert.Stop 1 of8 8 .082P Refer to Figure 7.32 in the textbook for a cascode MOS current mirror circuit. Write the expression for the current. Substitute 20 yA for Z,, 160 wA/V? for ki, 4 um for W, and | pm for £, in order to find the overdrive voltage, Voy - 20x10% ~}(tsoxi0*\(4)r2 40=(160)(4)¥3, Step 2 of 8 The overdrive voltages, Voy, = Voy . Hence the overdrive voltage, Vy. = 0.25 V Voy, in the ratio a, 1 1=Yors} Therefore, the output current is, Step 3 of 8 Itis known that the current J, =f, . Since, the output current, {, as indicated in the circuit diagram for a cascade MOS current mirror is same as the current, [, , the output current is also obtained as 200 pA - The expression for the gate source voltage is, Vos Voth, Substitute 0.6 V for ¥, and 0.25 V for Voy, (since, Voy =Voyy » Voy, = Voy, = 0.25 V )in order to find the value of Vig, - Veg, = 0.25+0.6 =085V Hence, the value of Vg, is obtained as 0.85 V. Step 4 of 8 Itis known that Vo, = Vs, +Vog, - Since the currents J, and J, are equal and the widths W, and W, are equal, the gate source voltage, Vgg, of the first component and the gate source voltage of the fourth component, Veg, are equal, V5, = Vas, - Substitute the relation between the gate source voltages, Veg, = Vasa in the expression, Voy = Vos, + Vass Vou =Vosi + Vesa = Vesa + Vesa = Woy Since Vig, = Vagq » Tearrange the expression. Vou = Wes = Wes, Substitute 0.85 V for VG, to find the value of ¥,, Vou = Wes: =2(0.85) a17V Therefore, the voltages V,, and Voy are, respectively. Step 5 of 8 The lowest possible voltage at the output is when Q satisfies the condition, Vygy = Vays - The lowest possible output voltage is, Vea, = Vay Voss +Voyy » Since the gate source voltages, Vos, = Vag and the currents, , =f, assume equal magnitude in their relation, the gate source voltage of the third component becomes same as the gate source voltage of the first one, Vas, = Ves, - The lowest possible output voltage is, Voi = Vos — Voss + Vor Substitute 1.7 V for Vs, 0.85 V for Vqs,, and 0.25 V for Voy, in order to obtain the value of V,_. . Vong, =1.7-0.85+0.25 eLIV Hence, the current-source operation is possible at the lowest voltage is, Stop 6 of 8 Write the expression for trans conductance, g, of the components Q, and Q, . 2p aay The trans conductance of the first and the third components are equal, guy = Sas - Substitute 200 WA for J, and 0.25 V for Vo, to get the value of g, . Sn =e 0.25 =1.6mA/V Step 7 of 8 Write the expression for the output resistance, y, for the first and the third components, Q, and Q, Y, nop Substitute 10 V for ¥,, and 200 pA for /, ,-—_l0 * 200x10° = 50k Hence, the values of g, and ¢, of Q, and Q, are, ond BORD respec Stop 8 of 8 Write the expression for the output resistance. R= Bushaslen Substitute 1.6 mA/V for g,.,, 20 kQ for ,,, and 20 kQ. for r,, R,=(1.6x107)(20x10°)(20x10) =0.64MQ. Hence, the output resistance, R, of the mirror is, ."step of7 8.083P Refer to Figure P7.66 in the textbook for the double-cascode current mirror circuit. Ifthe transistors output resistance be x, where subscript /represent the ;® transistor. Let us apply a vollage source y, al the outpul node to calculate the output resistance, R, is shawn in Figure 1 Figure 1 Step 2 of 7 From Figure 1, the output resistance is, Calculate the drain current of the transistor, Q, - das = Bea ps = Bas (%s . since v,, = Vy. =i,o/,, and = te ; sa Sus te] ps 2M 2d Bus bolo ‘or fon } ‘Simplify further. Since Vv, =V,, = igt and if Yn = Mas = = Sas Jef) Fe ~[ealtnrs Is)}>) Step 3 of 7 Substitute 0 for y,, and -—2- for ¥gy OF ¥yq in the expression of jy, Sas wel tells} vf tee we. (-# -{ i= «baat ),,) Bu kB Ba) = fa ~ de etn Maat) Sus Sus Bas Ax Bar 4 xB Buster Ix 8mBn28naleler Bus Bas ua Therefore, in={- St Eb Sebaaatn 8 Ens Bas Bua Step 4 of 7 Similarly, calculate the drain current of the transistor, Q, daa = 82" =8al%a-%a] i, wt0| Ee -iata ] ‘since v,. =v, = tyr, and i, Vpq = Vg * g 8 = ta|- Elen vo Fs | Simplify further. | since v, =0 and in = 8a [- z ~ (en [ra-% I] very eee Ena nf = | de at Bus Bs a beBan 4 Bias Bas Sua ‘Therefore, in -(-2 +t}, cone 3) Bus Sus Step 5 of 7 Similarly, calculate the drain current of the transistor, Q, Da] “fe 1 Su |; in=-[8a)ip “ (i). Step 6 of 7 Express the voltage vy. a5 the sum of voltage drop across 1., and voltage across transistor Q, iy tinea tM ig + ips los + (ix tian oa t%1 (ig thas os tli tla or tli tin Mn Substitute equations (2), (3), and (4) in the expression of vy. . [+ +(- fend Eat, . Bue Bus Buns “Tete ele (ie Basle 4 Seaaveale _ ~fstbatale,« Sus Bus j, Saale SenBaatale, a {: -(2).}. Bas Baus SaBeatals Ba ibaa Sas Bus se. ef (s}:) (-# le [e Step 7 of 7 Simplify further. Bas , erBaslavtn SoikerBeslateats , » oi Sus Bus Sus in why te tata, Be Bas Baa Sms roy Sah Snr Smylortes — Sui8mr Sus or'ar"od 5 Bus Bas Bue (sine R= +) Sualen 4 SarBarlarler , _ Sartor iy Bus Bm But 1, Salen 4 SeiBevleala SmEarBaslalales Bus Bus Bua iy Batten 4 SeiBerater 4, Sa Bus Bums nt ‘Therefore, the expression of the output resistance is, Barts , SaiBarrratn SaiBarkarlatares , Bu Bas Bua py, Satter , SnBaroler 4, Smba rot ro Bus Sut Smt" it Step 1 of 3 8.084P Refer to Figure 7.34 (a) in the textbook for the Wilson's current mirror circuit diagram which is used to increase the output resistance of the circuit. Refer to Figure 7.34 (b} in the textbook for the Wilson's current mirror circuit to determine the output resistance. First, set reference current to zero to determine the output resistance. Write the output resistance expression of the Wilson mirror. vA) Write the expression for the output resistance, r, ‘Substitute the expression for x, in the expression for the output resistance, R, to get the new expression for R,. Step 2 of 3 Substitute 100 V for V, and 1 mA for J, , and 100 for £ to find the output resistance. BY, Rg Ih _(100)/_100 (P38) =5MQ Find the change in the current, J, corresponding to a change of +10 V in the voltage at the collector of Q,- Write the expression for the change in current. ay, A= Be Substitute 10 V for AV, and 5 MQ for Ry, to yield value of change in current. EVA Al, =—2 __10 5x10° =2pA Therefore, the change in the current, Al,, corresponding to a change of +10 Vin the voltage at the collector of Q, is, Stop 3 of 3 Write the expression for the percentage change of the current. Alo % change of current T lo Substitute 2wA for Af, and 1 mA for Ig _2x10% % changeof current = 10> =0.2% Therefore, the percentage change in the current is, [9 delStep 1 of 8 Refer to Figure P7.71 in the text book. Redraw the circuit diagram as shown in Figure 1. 8.085P Step 2 of 8 From Figure 1, the reference current dg is, ww iz +1) a7 4 HE BB+) [Aa aI, BB +1) ee Hi ACB +1) Tg tit Step 3 of 8 Calculate the current fy, . Calculate the current Fug - 1 la=3ls =1(6+2), 2 pti Step 4 of 8 I, Calculate the value of — Vg (+2 2 Bri ! B_+2B+2 7 B(6+1) (6+2)6 I 2B +2B+2 1 2 B +26 BB apis 5) Step 5 of 8 if Calculate the value of 2 Step 6 of 8 (b) The 0.7 mA reference current can be used to generate three output currents of 0.1 mA, 0.2 mA and 0.44 mA, by using three transistors in parallel having relative area ratios of 1, 2, 4. When I,, =0.7 mA , Calculate the current J . Fon = Log xy = 072x107} 5 Vt og =0.35mA Therefore, the actual value of J, is 0.35mA - So, the current Jy) is 0.35mA . Step 7 of 8 When I,y =0.7 mA , Calculate the current Jy. 2} 4 Tr hag * 9} ne Be = 0.74103} LS l+— * 30° Jy, = 0.7mA Therefore, the actual value of Fy, . Zyq is Step 8 of 8 Find the current, Jy, al taal *5|— e =o7x10° xf L le * 50 =14mA Therefore, the actual value of Zy i" it Step 1 of 3 8.086P Consider the circuit diagram shown in Figure 4. +2.5.V +2.5V -2.5V Figure 1 Step 2 of 3 Consider the expression for the current Tere - 5+Vem +¥, 1 fens + Voss —(-2.5) ear = R Substitute 9,7 V for Veg, and Veg, and O.1mA for Tece 2.5-0.7-0.7+2.5 R 0.1m= 0.1m=— R 3.6 R= Om R=36kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance R is, Step 3 of 3 Maximum value of the output voltage is obtained when the value transistor Q, operates in saturation. Vo gun = 25+ Veg + Vice Substitute -0,7 V for Vag, and assume —0,2 V for Voy Therefore, the minimum value of the output voltage V._ is, [1.6 V | -"step to 8.0875 Consider the citcuit diagram shown in Figure 1 Figure 1 Step 2016 Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram neglect the resistance , for all transistors. Step 3 0f6 Consider the expression of the voltage y, Vy = M5 +%q9 Therefore, the expression for the voltage v, iS ¥yy+V_, Step 4 of 6 Apply nodal analysis at node-1. ~BasVes * Step 50f6 Consider the expression for the current i, ¥, ao? + Baar ta Substitute v, —v,, for v, ne 1 ayer oats) (2+ gare -2Baates Bef ) (1+ 2¢0r as Substitute r, for r,, and g, for gy. ap 2) (2+g.7, - 2601 ta, +28. )h, (2-gar,-g0'n’) (142g. ie (Gee) ( +E, =y, 2 gal, ~ 8a, + 80 (14 2800, re (14+2g,7,)% 2-¢, ral Baily’ + Sal, + 28Qt? (12¢,7)% 2-gar2 +2¢,7% ‘) (142805 )n av {248a “Azer )e 1,2 >> 2 Here, é reprosents the incremental input resistance Ry Ro Bn substitute £A8. for Ba % 2 Re Free ye Rak tae Therefore, the expression for the incremental input resistance Ry i Step 6 of 6 Recall equation (1). 2 er ‘Substitute 25 mV for V; and 0.2 mA fF Ipep =2(25m) ae 0.2m om “02m =2502 ‘Therefore, the value of the input resistance R, is RXStep tof 16, 8.088P Refer to Figure 8.41 from the text book. (a) Consider the expression forthe current Lyzp =i #)\y, 3 fase pha TY 2, Voy? =: we Cul” 2, Voy = atts | H.Cox | L Substitute 19 for 2 180 WA for Typ 24 400 WAV? for 1,Coe 180 y) 400 y)(10) 3% *¥400 =o 20 =03 Therefor, the value ofthe overdrive vollage Foy is [OSV Stop 2 of 16 Consider the expression forthe wattage Veg = Voy +¥,, Subsltute 0,3 V for Voy and 0.5 V tor F, Veg 8 0.340.5 =08V Therevore, the value ofthe vakage Vo is [O8V Stop 3 0f 16 ) Calculate the valve of he vottage Vey Voss = Voss + Voss Subsite 0.8 V for Fog, ANd Frags Vogs = 0.8408 16V Therefore, the value of the voltage Kags if 1.6 ¥ Step 4 of 16 Consider the value ofthe votage Png Vo, = Vest Substitute 0.8 V for Vay - Vag, =08V Therefore, the value of he votage Fog, iS 0.8 V Stop 5 of 16 Calculate the valve of he difference in the values of the drain to source voltages of the transistors Q, and Q 8% 5 = Yo: Voss Substitute 0.8 V for Vag, ANd 1.6 V fOr Fags 6-08 =08V og Therefore, the dram lo source vollage difference AV gg 15 0.8 V Stop 601 16 Calculate the value ofthe resistance 1, nol ai Substitute 18 V for V, and 180 WA fo" 7 18 net ° 180 =100k0 Therefore, the value ofthe resistance vis 100k Step 7 of 16 Calculate the difference in ne value of the current. aed % Substitute 100 kA for and 0.8 V 10" BF pg - 08 a 100k =8pA Therefore, the difference in the value of ine curent Ay is Stop B of 16 Calculate the vakie of the current J, 12 Tgp At Substitite 180 WA for J, and 8A for Ar Therefore, the value of the curtent £, is [T72 A] - Stop 9 of 16 ) Refer to Figure P8.41 (c) from the text 200k, Transistor Q, 's added tothe circut to remove the difference in the values of the currents J, anid Iper Hence, the value of J, will be approximately equalto Tye . That i, Stop 10 of 16 a) Minimum value ofthe output voltage is obtained when the value of the drain to source voltage is equal to the value of the over drive voltage. That is, Vag = Fay Calculate the minimum value of the output voRage Fa Vana Voss Ves Substitute 0.3 V fOr Fags and 0,8 V 100 Fas, Therefore, the minimum value of the output votlage V, a. is Step 11 of 16 te) Draw the small signal equivalent circuil diagram to calc uate the oulput resistance. To gate of Q, Stop 1201 16 Caleuale the value ofthe voliage Vig, Vesa =~ BaMosetes Vesa + BuaMesfoa = 0 Vega (I+ Beets) =O Vou =0V The resistance 4, will be shorted since the vaiue of the voltage Vas, iS Q V implies that the transistor will rot effect the output resistance, Step 13 of 16 Caleulate the vakie of the transconductance g., sis Substitute 0.3 V for Koy and 180 WA for 1, 2(180 n) 03 2 WAV Therefore, the value ofthe transconductance g_ is 12 pA/V Step 140116 Consider the expression forthe output resistance R, R= (Bohs) Substitute 12 pA/V for gy and 100 KL 10° hy aPC ry R= (12 n)(100 k)(100 k) =120k2 There‘ore, the value othe oulput resistance R, is Stop 15 0f 16 fh Caleulate the change inthe value ofthe ouput current Ad, al, =Sh R Subsite | V for AY, and 120 k&2 for R, 1 20K =455 A. There‘ore, the change in the value of the output current is Step 16 of 16 Calculate the percentage change in the value of the outpul current Af, % Subsite 4.55 WA for Al, end 180 WA for J, 435 4,100 180 = 2528x100 =2528% al% Therefore, the value of the change in the output current ay. % is [aSaRea)‘' it Step 1 of 3 8.089P Refer to Figure 8.41 (a) from the text book. Draw the small signal equivalent circuit diagram to calculate the input resistance. Neglect the resistances 1, for all the transistors. Figure 1 Step 2 of 3 Consider the expression for the voltage v, . Y, = Voss + Ves2 Here, Vass = Vase Since the all the transistors have same current and parameters. Therefore, the value of the voltage Vag, iS 3 : Step 3 of 3 Consider the expression for the current i, 4, = 8u2Vos2 Substitute 42 for vggy 2 v, Here, -© represents the value of the input resistance R - 2 ane Therefore, the value of the incremental input resistance R,, is" it Step 1 of 7 8.090P Refer to Figure 8.42 from the text book. (a) Calculate the value of the voltage Vag, - Vyq, =0.74V, (4a) ‘Ss Substitute 25 mA for V, . 200 pA for Ipen aNd | mA for J, . Vg, = 0.74 (25 m)in( 202) =0.7+(25 m)In(200 m) =0.7+(25 m)(-1.61) =0.7-40.25 m Vg, = 0.66 V Therefore, the value of the voltage is Vyp, iS 0.66 V Step 2 of 7 Calculate the value of the voltage Vey Vas =02 +4 (2) Is Substitute 25 mA for V, . 20 pA for J, and | mA ‘or J, Im =0.7+(25 m)in(20 m) =0.7+(25 m)(-3.91) =0.7-97.75 m Vg, = 0.7+(25 m)in( 22) Veg = 0.60 V Therefore, the value of the voltage is Vgp, is 0,60 V Step 3 of 7 Consider the expression for the current J, - ts aa Substitute 20 pA for J, . 0.60 V for Vegg 20d 0,66 V fOr Pog, - Therefore, the value of the resistance R, is [3 kQ] - Step 4 of 7 (b) Calculate the value of the transconductance Be - genie %, Substitute 20 pA for 7, and 25 mA for V, . 20H 25m =800 pA/V Therefore, the value of the transconductance g, is 800 pA/V . Sn Step 5 of 7 Calculate the value ofthe ry, . nwt Bn Substitute 800 pA/V for g, and 290 for # . 200 800 » =250kQ me Therefore, the value of the resistance y, is 250 kO Step 6 of 7 Calculate the value of the resistance r, pale 4 Substitute 20 pA for Z, and 50 V for V,. "On =2.5MQ Therefore, the value of the resistance , is 2.5 MQ - Consider the expression for the output resistance. R=[l+e.(Re llr) Substitute 2.5 MQ. for r, , 250 kQ for r, , 800 BA/Y for g, and 3kQ for Ry R, =[1+(800 2)(3 k|| 250k) ](2.5 M) 3kx250k -[}-(ax0 0 (gest las M) _ 3kx250k -['+(00 (Sasa Jes M) =[1+(800 42)(2.96 k)](2.5 M) R, =[1+2.37](2.5 M) =(3.37)(2.5 M) =8.425 MQ Therefore, the value of the output resistance R, is . Step 7 of 7 Calculate the change in output current corresponding to a 5-V change in output voltage ay, Al =— OR -—_> __ 8.425% 10° =0.59 pA Therefore, the change in currentis,Veep tot 5 8.091P flere gu 842 en eet mk cottons re on 8 Consider ne cen tana, eno Fae ‘Supstiute 100 MAF Laee I, eno: ioou"** J4=0.8(100p) Ig=80 pA Therefore the value ofthe output curert J 6 80 A Step 201 15, ‘Consider the expression for Ine voltage across the emiter resistance. cstrt 98 aDA tr fant 25mV © (eon), =@5myu{ (80 u)R, = (25 m)in(1.25) (80 n)R, =(25 m)(223.14) gw (25)(223.14) ‘. 8p Ry 269.73. Thetefore, tre value ofthe emitter sesistance Ry 5 69.730 - Step 30115, ‘Calculate he value of he resistance 7, « =625kKQ Therefore, the value the esistance r,1 625 kA ‘Stop 401 15, CCalulote he value of transconductance gy Therefore, the value ofthe warsconductance g_ 1S 3.2 mA/V Stop 5 of 15 Consider the expression forthe output resistance Re=[l+e. (Rel) Ashe value of fis very high, He resistance 7, can be neglected Raita key Subsilule 625 02 for r, . 3.2 mA/V ‘er gy ard 69.73. for Ry R, =[1+{3.2.m)(69.73)](625 k) = (1+223.136 m]{625 k) =(1.22](625k) = 764.46 kD Therefore. the value cfthe output resistance R's FFERASTE) - ‘Compare the value of R, with 7, . the value ofthe output resistance incteases withthe introduction ofthe emitter resistance to the circuit. Stop 6 of 15 Caleulations forthe ratio. jee 1 Consider tre current transfer rato I de not Tar Subsfule 100 pA 10° pgp I e201 100 1, =0.1(100p) Jq=10nA Thetetre the value ofthe outpul cutert fa 10 pA Stop 701 15, Consider he expression forthe vorage across the emter resistance Substitute 0.1 ter Ze toga er To 204 25 mV for Fy (Ou)a, =(25 m2.) (10 n)R, = (25 m)in (1) (10n)R, = (25m)(23) {25 m){23) Fen Ry 255K Therefore, the value cfthe emer resistarce Re 1s 5.7502 - Step 801 15 ‘Calculate the value of the resistance 7, . nate nyt Substiule $0 V for ¥, and 10wA fr Ty. 30 10p =5MQ Therefore, the value ofthe sistance 7, § MOD sto oF 18 Caleulate the value of transconductance g ‘Substfule 25 mV for ¥, and 10 pA ter Jo, 10H 25m 04 mA Therefore, the value ofthe tansconductarce g, i 0.4 mA/V Stop 100175, Consider ne expression forthe utp resistance R=[1+9, (Rell) As the value of is very high, the resistance 7, can be neglected Rea(lteRe le Substiule 5 MAFF, 0.4 AVY TOF gy and 5.75 KX for Ry R,=[14(0.4m)(5.75k) (5M) =[l+23](6M) =[23](5™) 216.50 Therefore, the value ofthe ouput resistance Rs ‘Compare the value of R, with 7, , the vake ofthe output resistance inteases withthe introduction ofthe emitter resistance tothe circuit uot er coer 4 ae co Fron Substule 100 WA 10F fear ae Toop 1, =0.01(100 n) Jg=lpa Therefore, the value ofthe oulpul cuert fy iS L pA, Stop 120118 ‘Consider the expression forthe voltage across the emiter resistance. oR, =¥, w(/=-) do uote 01 tor 2 1A for a 25 mV 1 Y, (ar, -@smyn( 55) (04) %=(25 m9 (100) Cn), «025 m)(asi) p= 25ny{461) ee Ry 115.25 ‘Therefore, the value ofthe emiter resistance Ry iS 115.25 k& ‘Stop 13.0615 Calculate the value of the resistance 1, nate nit ‘Supsttute 50 V for V, and 1A (0° fy ‘Therefore, the value ofthe resistance 7, is $0 MA Step 14.0615 Calculate the value of transconductance gy ‘Therefore the value ofthe tenscorductarce g. 1S 0.04 mA/V Stop 15.0115 ‘Consider tne expression for tne output resistance. R-[l+e. (Rell) As the value of is very high, the resistance r, can be neglected R=(te Re) Substtute 50MM for 7, . 0.04 mA/Y for g_ and 115.25 kC2 for Ry R, =[1+(0.04 m)115.25 k](50M) =[1+4.61]{(50M) =[s61](50M) = 280.5MQ Therefore tre value efthe oulpul resistance R, is [280.5 MO] ‘Compare the value of R, with 7, , the valve ofthe output resistance increases withthe introduction of the crritter resistence ts the circuit,Stop 1 017 8.092P Refer to Figure P8.92 from the text book. (a) Calculate the value of the current J, - Ine Vasy + Veea — Vers R Here, Vgc = Vor = Vapy SINCE Ty = Hepp - 1, = Yast ¥en Vos R ¥, 1,288 0 fo BE a Therefore, the expression for the current J, is Pn Step 2 of 7 Consider the expression for the difference in the values of the base to emitter voltages of transistors Q and Q,. L, Fo ~Mos=¥rn{') ° Substitute 0,7 V for Vag, . 25 mV fOr Vp. 1mA fOr Ipee aNd 10 pA for Jy. 0.7 Vag, = (25 myn( 7) 0.7 ~Vazy = (25 min (100) 0.7—Vyq, =(25 m)(461) 0.7—Vagy =115.25 m Vyey = 0,7-115.25 m Vey = 0.585 V Therefore, the value of the voltage Vy,, is 0,585 V - Step 3 of 7 Recall equation (1). In = Yes. R Substitute 0,585 V for yg and 10 pA for Jy 0.585 10 p= R R= 9585 10p R=58.5kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance R is : Step 4 of 7 (b) Calculate the value of the transcondutance g, gn l2 y, Substitute 25 mV for V, and 10 pA for J, . 104 80°25 m =04mAV Therefore, the value of the transconductance g, is 0.4 mA/V - Step 5 of 7 Calculate the value of the resistance y, . Substitute 0.4 mA/V for g, and 100 for # - 100 4m =250kQ Therefore, he value of the resistance r, is 250 kt Step 6 of 7 Calculate the value of the resistance r, . pole i Substitute 40 V for V, and 10 pA for Ia - Therefore, he value of the resistance r, is 4 MQ. Step 7 of 7 Consider the expression for the output resistance. R=[l+2,(Rlin)]% Substitute 4 MQ for 7, , 250 kM for 7, . 0.4 mAVV for By ANd $8.5 kN for R - R, =[1+(0.4 m)(58.5 k1|250k)](4 M) -[i af Sse la M) = ! +(04 mi SS Ee2sO *)| (4M) = [1+ (0.4 m)(47.4k)](4M) R, =[1+18.964](4 M) =(19.964)(4 M) = 79.856 MQ Therefore, the value of the output resistance R, is [79.856 MQ!