ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. An empty test tube is placed making an angle in water and viewed from top, what
will be the observation? What difference will it make when the tube is partially
filled with water?

When an empty test tube is placed making an angle in water, the part of test tube
submerged into the water will appear silvery due to total internal reflection. If the test tube is
partially filled with water, only the proportion CE (fig 2) will appear silvery. Lower part AD (Fig
2) will be silvery since total internal reflection takes place only if there is an optically rarer
medium as well.
2. Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex mirror when an
object is placed:
a) at infinity

b) at finite distance from the mirror

 3. Size of image of an object by a mirror having a focal length of 10 cm is observed to
be reduced to half of its size. At what distance the object has been placed from the
mirror? What is the nature of the image and the mirror

4. Compute the position of the object placed in front of a concave mirror of focal
length x so that the image formed is of same size of the object.

Size of image = size of Object

U= 2F
Thus the object is placed at a distance of 2F i.e. at the centre of curvature.

5. Angular width of central maximum in the Fraunhoffer's diffraction pattern is

measured. Slit is illuminated by the light of another wavelength, angular width
decreases by 30%. What is the wavelength of light used?

4200
 6. Samad finds out that the sharp image of the window pane of the classroom is
formed at a distance of 15 cm from the lens. He now tries to focus the
building visible outside the window instead of the window pane without
disturbing the lens. In which direction will he move the screen to obtain a
sharp image of the building? What is the approximate focal length of this
lens?

Sudha should move the screen towards the lens to obtain a sharp image of the
building because window pane was lying beyond focus 2F or centre of
curvature and convex lens forms its image, on the other side between F and
2F and when she tries to focus the building visible to her outside the window
(i.e., at distant object at infinity), then lens forms the image of building at a
distance of focal length. The approximate focal length of this lens is 15 cm.

7. An object 5 cm high is held 25 cm away from a converging lens of focal length 10

cm. Draw the ray diagrams and find the position, size and the nature of the image
formed.
Assignment - Problem Solving questions - Topic 10-14
ASSIGNMENT 2 : TOPICS 10-14
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. Find the equivalent resistance for the following circuit when:

a) Switch is closed.

Case a: When switch is closed. R1 and R3 will be in parallel. Similarly R2 and R4 are in
parallel (as the following figure shows).

These two parallel resistors are in series. i.e. (R1 || R3) + (R2 || R4).
I.e. 1/R13 = 1/R1 + 1/R3 = 1/10 + 1/5 = 3/10 R13 = 10/3
Similarly R24 = 10/3

R (eqv.) = R13 + R24 = 10/3 + 10/3 = 20/3

b) Switch is open.

Case b: When switch is open, as shown in below figure, R1 and R2 will be series. Similarly, R3 and R4
will be series. And these two series circuits are connected in parallel to each other.

R12 = R1 + R2 = 10 + 5 = 15
Also R34 = R3 + R4 = 5 + 10 = 15

1/R(eqv.) = 1/R12 + 1/R34 = 1/15 + 1/15 = 2/15

R(eqv) = 15/2 = 7.5
 2. Two identical metallic spherical shells A and B having charges + 40 and -10Q are kept a
certain distance apart. A third identical uncharged sphere C is first placed in contact with
sphere A and then with sphere B, then spheres A and B are brought in contact and then
separated. Find the charge on the spheres A and B.

(40 + 0)/2 = +20Q

(-10 + 20)/2 = +5Q
(20 + 5) / 2 = +12.5Q on both A and B

3. A lamp can work on a 50 volt mains taking 2 amps. What value of the resistance must be
connected in series with it so that it can be operated from 200 volt mains giving the same
power?

Lamp voltage = 50V and Current, I = 2 amps.

Resistance of the lamp = V/I = 50 / 2 = 25

Resistance connected in series with lamp = r

Supply voltage = 200 volt. And Circuit current I = 2 A

Total resistance Rt= V/I = 200/2 = 100

Rt = R + r => 100 = 25 + r

r = 75

4. In a household, an electric bulb of 100W is used for 10 hours and an electric heater of
1000W is used for 2 hours. Calculate the cost of using bulb and the heater for 30 days. Take
the cost of one unit of electrical energy as MVR 10.

By electric bulb: 100/1000 x 10 = 1 unit

By electric heater: 1000/1000 x 2 = 2 units
Total = 3 units per day
30 days = 3 x 30 = 90 units
Total cost = 90 x 10
= 900 MVR
 5. Draw the pattern of field lined due to a solenoid carrying electric current. Mark the north and
the south poles in the diagram.

6. A coil of copper wire is connected to a galvanometer. What would happen if a bar magnet is:
(i) pushed into the coil with north pole entering first (ii) pulled out of the coil (iii) held
stationary inside the coil?

a. There will be a change in the magnetic flux linked with the coil and hence
an induced emf will be produced. This will make a deflection in the needle
of the galvanometer.
b. Since there is a change in magnetic flux, the needle of the galvanometer
shows a deflection opposite to the one shown in the first case.
c. There will be no change in the magnetic flux linked with the coil and
hence no induced emf will be produced. Thus there will be no deflection in
the needle of the galvanometer.

7. An electric heater of 2 kW is operated in a domestic electric circuit (220 V) that has a current
rating of 5 A. Is it safe to use in this domestic circuit? Explain.

When the heater is connected to 5A, 220V circuit,

- It draws more current than it is rated for (2000/220 = 9.1A approx) hence may heat up beyond safe
limit. The wires of the circuit, to which it's connected heats up and may melt due to overheating. The
socket terminals heat up or even melt down due to overheating. If the heater is operated for long
time in such circuit, it may damage the coil and also could damage the switch and socket
permanently. Further, since the switch and socket are under rated there insulation may fail and
cause electric shock to the person operating it. Sometimes the pin of the plug also gets welded with
the socket metal due to overheating and doesn't get unplugged.
8. The terminals of an electric heater is having potential difference of 60 V when it draws a current
of 4 A from the source. What current will the heater draw if the potential difference is increased to
120 V?

R = V/I

60/4 = 15 ohm

I = V/R

120/ 15 = 8A