Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2
2.2.5. a Moodle ln trn mng internet ......................................................................... 36
2.3. THC HNH..................................................................................................... 37
2.4. T NH GI .................................................................................................. 37
2.5. TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................... 40
PHN 3. XY DNG KHA HC ....................................................................... 41
3.1 KHI QUT V KHA HC TRONG E-LEARNING ..................................... 41
3.1.1 Khi nim kha hc ................................................................................................. 41
3.1.2 Yu cu kha hc e-Learning ................................................................................... 42
3.1.3 Cu trc kha hc .................................................................................................... 43
3.1.4 Cc bc thit k, xy dng mt kha hc ............................................................... 45
3.2 CNG C XY DNG KHA HC ................................................................ 46
3.2.1 Khi qut v cng c xy dng kha hc ................................................................. 46
3.2.2 Phn mm Lectora ................................................................................................... 47
3.2.2.1 Gii thiu v Lectora .....................................................................................................47
3.2.2.2 Cu trc ca mt kha hc to ra bi Lectora .................................................................47
3.2.2.3 Inheritance, mt khi nim quan trng khi s dng Lectora ........................................48
3.2.2.4 Nhng nh dng thng tin Lectora h tr ......................................................................48
3.2.2.5 Lc ca kha hc ....................................................................................................49
3.2.2.6 Giao din chnh..............................................................................................................49
3.2.2.7 Cc thanh cng c ..........................................................................................................50
3.2.2.8. Giao din vng son tho cc trang thng tin ca kha hc ...........................................52
3.2.2.9. Vng qun l cc i tng chn vo kha hc ..............................................................53
3.2.2.10. Cc bc to ra mt kha hc trong Lectora................................................................53
3.2.3 Phn mm eXe ......................................................................................................... 57
3.2.3.1 Gii thiu v eXe ...........................................................................................................57
3.2.3.2 Giao din ca eXe..........................................................................................................57
3.2.3.3 Thit k cu trc kha hc .............................................................................................59
3.2.3.4 a ni dung vo cc trang ............................................................................................59
3.3 THC HNH...................................................................................................... 62
3.4 T NH GI ................................................................................................... 62
3.5 TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................... 64
PHN 4: BNG CH GII THUT NG ........................................................... 65
3
PHN 1. C BN V E-LEARNING
C rt nhiu quan nim v khi nim khc nhau v e-Learning. Mi khi nim
c nu ra vi nhng gc nhn khc nhau, v do vy, ni hm ca khi nim cng rt
khc nhau. in hnh trong s rt nhiu khi nim v e-Learning l:
e-Learning chnh l s hi t ca hc tp v Internet1
e-Learning l hnh thc hc tp bng truyn thng qua mng Internet theo cch tng
tc vi ni dung hc tp v c thit k da trn nn tng phng php dy hc.2
Hai pht biu ny cho rng, tt c nhng g c gi l e-Learning u phi lin
quan ti Internet. Ngha l, khng s dng Internet th khng c coi l e-
Learning. Vi nh ngha th hai, ngoi yu t cng ngh, tc gi cn nhn
mnh yu t nn tng l phng php dy hc c s dng trong qu trnh
thit k, trin khai cc hot ng dy hc qua e-Learning.
e-Learning l vic s dng cng ngh mng thit k, cung cp, la chn, qun tr
v m rng vic hc tp3
e-Learning l vic s dng sc mnh ca mng cho php hc tp bt c lc no,
bt c ni u4
Hai nh ngha trn c s m rng v h tng cng ngh thng tin ca e-
Learning. l, ngoi Internet, cc h thng thng tin truyn thng ch cn c
yu t mng cng c coi l c s cng ngh ca e-Learning.
e-Learning l vic cung cp ni dung thng qua tt c cc phng tin in t bao
gm Internet; Intranet; Trm pht v tinh; Bng ting, hnh; Tivi tng tc v CD-
ROOM5
e-Learning bao gm tt c cc dng in t (form of electronics) h tr vic dy v
vic hc. Cc h thng thng tin v truyn thng c hoc khng kt ni mng c
dng nh mt phng tin thc hin qu trnh hc tp.6
1
Howard Block, Bank of America Securities
2
Resta and Patru (2010) in the UNESCO publication
3
Elliott Masie,The Masie Center
4
Arista
5
Connie Weggen WR Hambrecht & Co
4
(5) v (6) l nhng nh ngha c ni hm rng nht v h tng k thut trong e-
Learning. Theo , cc dng c yu t in t c s dng h tr dy hc
u c coi l e-Learning.
R rng, vi nhng quan nim khc nhau v e-Learning, chng s c nhng c
im khc nhau; cch thc dy hc cng din ra khc nhau; h tng cng ngh, cch
thc trin khai, u im, hn ch ca e-Learning cng khc nhau. S khng c ti liu
no cp c y v e-Learning theo tt c nhng quan nim trn. V do vy,
trong ti liu ny cng cn phi thng nht mt khi nim khoanh vng e-Learning.
Trn c s , cp ti nhng ni dung mang tnh trn vn, c ch nht cho ngi
hc.
Trn c s tham kho nhiu nh ngha, xem xt bn cht trong tng trng
hp, cn c vo tri nghim ca tc gi trong thi gian qua, c th hiu, e-Learning l
mt hnh thc hc tp thng qua mng Internet di dng cc kha hc v c qun
l bi cc h thng qun l hc tp m bo s tng tc, hp tc p ng nhu cu
hc mi lc, mi ni ca ngi hc.
Theo cch hiu trn (v c s dng trong ti liu ny), mt h thng e-
Learning phi m bo c cc iu kin di y:
- S dng mng Internet;
- Tn ti di dng cc kha hc;
- S dng cc h thng qun l hc tp;
- m bo s tng tc, hp tc trong hc tp.
6
Wikipedia
5
Hnh 1-1: M hnh h thng e-Learning
to v qun l mt kha hc, ngi dy ngoi vic lm vic trc tip trn h
thng qun l hc tp, cn cn s dng cc cng c xy dng ni dung hc tp
(Authoring Tools) thit k, xy dng ni dung kha hc v c ng gi theo
chun (thng l chun SCORM) gi ti h thng qun l hc tp. Trong mt s
trng hp, ni dung kha hc c th c thit k v xy dng trc tip khng cn
cc cng c Authoring tools. Nhng h thng lm c vic c tn l h thng
qun l ni dung hc tp LCMS (Learning Content Management System).
1.3. U IM V HN CH CA E-LEARNING
1.3.1 u im ca e-Learning
6
Chi ph theo hc mt kha hc khng cao. Bn cnh , c th la chn cc kha
hc ph hp vi nhu cu, nguyn vng ca bn thn p ng nhu cu hc tp ngy
cng tng ca x hi.
V s linh hot
Khi tham gia mt kha hc mi, ngi hc c th khng cn phi hc tt c cc
ni dung (trong trng hp bit mt s phn). Qua , c th y nhanh tin
hc tp. Cc kha hc d dng c cp nht thng xuyn v nhanh chng.
1.3.2 Hn ch ca e-Learning
7
1.4. CC HNH THC HC TP VI E-LEARNING
L hnh thc, vic hon thnh kha hc c thc hin ton b trn mi trng
mng thng qua h thng qun l hc tp. Theo cch ny, e-Learning ch khai
thc c nhng li th ca e-Learning ch cha quan tm ti th mnh ca
dy hc gip mt.
Thuc v hnh thc ny, c hai cch th hin l dy hc ng b (Synchronous
Learning) khi ngi dy v ngi hc cng tham gia vo h thng qun l hc
tp v dy hc khng ng b (Asynchronous Learning), khi ngi dy v
ngi hc tham gia vo h thng qun l hc tp nhng thi im khc nhau.
1.4.2 Hc tp hn hp (Blended learning)
8
Ngi qun tr:
y l ngi c trch nhim qun tr ton b h thng qun l hc tp vi cc
chc nng nh to lp kha hc, phn quyn cho gio vin, cp pht ti khon
ngi dng, thit lp mi trng, tr gip ngi dy v ngi hc v cng
ngh...Ngi ny cn nm vng chng trnh o to, nghip v qun l o
to, c k nng tt v cng ngh thng tin ni chung, v qun tr h thng qun
l hc tp ni ring.
Ngi dy:
L nhn t chnh trong vic cung cp cc kha hc trn h thng qun l hc
tp. Ngoi cc hot ng hc tp, cc hc liu c thit k theo kch bn s
phm nh trc theo hng phng theo cc hot ng hc tp ca hnh thc
dy hc gip mt gip ngi hc t lc trong hc tp, ngi dy cng cn
thao tc trc tip vi cc chc nng ca h thng qun l hc tp trong vic
nh hng k hoch hc tp, thng bo, cnh bo, nh gi, ch dn, tr gip
ngi hc mt cch thng xuyn v kp thi.
Ngi hc:
y l nhn vt trung tm ca qu trnh dy hc da trn e-Learning. Cc kha
hc cn c thit k theo nh hng ly ngi hc lm trung tm. Khi tham
gia hc tp, ngi hc s thc hin cc hot ng hc tp c thit k theo
kch bn s phm t lc, ch ng khm ph tri thc, k nng ca kha hc.
Bn cnh , ngi hc cng thng xuyn nhn c cc thng tin ch dn,
gip khi gp kh khn hay cng nhau tho lun, chia s thng qua chc nng
hp tc trn mng.
1.5.2. H tng Cng ngh thng tin
Vi c s gio dc:
Cn s hu hoc thu my ch mnh m bo hot ng n nh khi c
s tham gia ng thi ca s lng ln ngi dy, ngi hc trn h thng
qun l hc tp. Trn my ch cn ci t phn mm h thng qun l hc tp
LMS (s c gii thiu trong phn 2 ca ti liu ny).
Vi ngi dy v ngi hc:
Cn c my tnh kt ni vi Internet. Ring ngi dy, cn s hu cc cng c
thit k kha hc (Authoring Tools) thit k ni dung hc tp (s c gii
9
thiu trong phn 3 ca ti liu). Bn cnh , cng cn s dng cc phn mm
trong vic to ra, x l cc i tng a phng tin, to hot hnh, to bi trc
nghim, cc cng c chp nh mn hnh (capture)... to ra ngun ti nguyn
s dng trong kha hc.
7
dn theo elearning.lyct.edu.vn
10
iu ny cho thy tnh hnh nghin cu v ng dng loi hnh o to ny ang
c quan tm Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, so vi cc nc trong khu vc e-Learning
Vit Nam mi ch giai on u cn nhiu vic phi lm mi tin kp cc nc.
1.7. T NH GI
11
1.7.4. in i tng ngi vo ct bn phi ca bng di y
i tng
Hot ng
(Ngi dy, Ngi qun tr, Ngi hc)
Hp tc vi cc c nhn khc
Phn hi cc cu hi
12
- C th gp nhng kh khn v h tng cng ngh thng tin, cc tr ngi v mt
cng ngh
- Chi ph cho mt kha hc thp hn so vi cch hc truyn thng
- Kh kch thch c hng th, tc ng ti t tng, tnh cm ca ngi hc
- C nhiu kha hc cho ngi hc la chn theo nhu cu c nhn
- p ng mc tiu gio dc thng xuyn
- C nhiu s la chn v mc hc ph tham gia kha hc
- Kh th hin c mt s hot ng hc tp hiu qu ch c cch dy truyn
thng nh hot ng hc tp cnh tranh, xemina, nh gi qu trnh (formative
assessment)
- Ni hc ph hp vi s thch v nhu cu ca ngi hc
- C th la chn kha hc vi s hng dn ca ngi dy hoc t hc
- Khi gp kh khn, i khi khng c tr gip tc thi. iu ny c th gy
gin on qu trnh hc tp ca ngi hc
- C th b qua cc ni dung ngi hc bit, ch tp trung vo nghin cu cc
ni dung, ch quan tm. Qua , c th thc hin mt kha hc nhanh hn
theo cch thng thng
- S dng cc cng c hc tp ph hp nht vi phong cch hc tp ca ngi
hc
- Cc kha hc c th c cp nht d dng v nhanh chng v ni dung,
phng thc trin khai hng ti vic hc tp ngy cng c ch v hiu qu
- Khng t chc c hot ng thc hnh hng ti hnh thnh v pht trin cc
k nng thao tc
1.7.6 C 4 on vn bn cp ti 2 ch , hy ghp thnh hai ch v t tn cho
mi ch
Ch 1: Gm on (......) v on (.......) c tiu l....................................
Ch 2: Gm on (......) v on (.......) c tiu l....................................
(1) y l hnh thc hc tp, trin khai mt kha hc vi s kt hp ca hai
hnh thc hc tp trc tuyn v dy hc gip mt. Theo cch ny, e-Learning
c thit k vi mc ch h tr qu trnh dy hc v ch quan tm ti nhng
13
ni dung, ch im ph hp nht vi th mnh ca loi hnh ny. Cn li, vi
nhng ni dung khc vn c thc hin thng qua hnh thc dy hc gip mt
vi vic khai thc ti a u im ca n. Hai hnh thc ny cn c thit k
ph hp, c mi lin h mt thit, b sung cho nhau hng ti mc tiu nng
cao cht lng cho kha hc.
(3) L hnh thc, vic hon thnh kha hc c thc hin ton b trn mi
trng mng thng qua h thng qun l hc tp. Theo cch ny, e-Learning
ch khai thc c nhng li th ca e-Learning ch cha quan tm ti th
mnh ca dy hc gip mt.
(2) Thuc v hnh thc ny, c hai cch th hin l dy hc ng b
(Synchronous Learning) khi ngi dy v ngi hc cng tham gia vo h
thng qun l hc tp v dy hc khng ng b (Asynchronous Learning), khi
ngi dy v ngi hc tham gia vo h thng qun l hc tp nhng thi
im khc nhau.
(4) Vi c im nh trn, y l hnh thc c s dng kh ph bin vi
nhiu c s gio dc trn th gii, k c cc nc c nn gio dc pht trin.
14
PHN 2. H THNG QUN L HC TP
2.1.1. nh ngha
15
bao gm cc dch v: giao nhim v ti ngi hc, tho lun, trao i, gi
th in t, lch hc...
C nhiu loi LMS khc nhau, vic so snh cc loi LMS mt cch chnh xc
v y gia cc LMS l mt vic lm kh khn v c rt nhiu vn khc
nhau trong cc LMS. im khc nhau c bn gia cc LMS da trn nhng yu
t sau:
- Kh nng m rng
- Chun h thng tun theo
- H thng ng hay m
- Tnh thn thin ngi dng
- S h tr cc ngn ng khc nhau
- Kh nng cung cp cc m hnh hc
- Gi c
Mt s LMS ph bin hin nay trn th gii phi k n l: IBM, BlackBoard,
WebCT, Atutor, Itias, LRN, Moodle Trong khun kh ti liu ny xin gii
thiu v LMS Moodle, mt h thng qun l hc tp m ngun m ang c
nh gi rt cao v chim mt s lng ln ngi dng trn ton th gii.
16
n nay Moodle c s pht trin vt bc v thu ht c s quan tm ca hu
ht cc quc gia trn th gii.
- Moodle ni bt l thit k hng ti gio dc, dnh cho nhng ngi lm trong
lnh vc gio dc. Moodle rt d dng vi giao din trc quan, gio vin ch
mt mt thi gian ngn lm quen v c th s dng thnh tho. Gio vin c
th t ci v nng cp Moodle.
17
Hnh 2.2: la chn ngn ng
2. Kim tra cc thng tin v yu cu h thng din ra, nu tt c u tha mn th c
ch Pass mu xanh. Khi qu trnh kim tra hon tt, nhn Next.
18
Nhp mt khu bo v c s d liu (nu cn), cc thng tin khc mc nh. Chn
Next hon tt.
19
Nhn vo Dowload the ": Vietnamese (vi)" language pack ti gi
ngn ng ting Vit, qu trnh dowload hon thnh, nhn Next tip tc.
(Lu khi download gi ngn ng ting Vit th my tnh nht thit phi c kt ni
vi internet).
20
Hnh 2.10: ci t c s d liu
Chuyn sang giai on lp bn lit k cc plug-in, nhp nhiu ln vo nt lnh
Continue tip tc cho n khi hon tt.
21
- H tn ngi qun tr
- Th in t
- Tnh/Thnh Ph
- Quc gia: Vit Nam
- Mi gi: UTC + 7
- Ngn ng a thch: Vietnamese
- Hnh nh i din kch thc ti a l 16MB
Nhp vo update profile hon tt.
22
Hnh 2.12: thit lp trang ch
Qun l chng thc
La chn qun l chng thc da trn Email
23
Hnh 2.14: trang ch h thng qun l hc tp
Tnh nng ny cho php la chn cc hnh thc trnh by cho h thng (giao din, cu
hnh lch biu, trnh son tho ca h thng)
24
c tc gi download t trang http://www.themza.com/moodle/computer-
scientist.html sau upload vo th mc theme ca moodle.
V thit lp giao din th nn mc nh (Khng cho cc thnh vin c th
thay i giao din ca h thng, giao din kha hc, hay thay i giao din cc chuyn
mcXc lp cho php cc thnh vin c th ng cc khi.)
Qun l thng tin trn trang ch (thit lp, sao lu, phc hi)
25
Hnh 2.17: chnh sch h thng
Chnh sch ca h thng c thit lp nh sau:
- Bo v k danh
- Khi sa thng tin bt buc cc thnh vin phi ng nhp vo h thng
- M cho Google vo
- Kch thc tp tin ti a cho php gi ln l ph thuc gii hn my ch
- Cho php nhn tin trong h thng
- Thi gian ti a bin tp bi vit l 30 pht
- nh dng tn y : H + Tn m + Tn
- Khng t quy tc mt khu
26
Hnh 2.18: thit lp ngn ng
27
- Ghi danh
- Yu cu m kha hc: Cho php thit lp
chc nng ngi hc c th a ra yu cu m
nhng kha hc mi.
28
Hnh 2.23: khai bo v m t mc mi
Bc 2b. To kha hc mi: Click chn Thm kha hc mi
29
- Xc lp thi gian bt u kha hc
- Xc lp kha hc l lin hon hay khng lin hon
Thit lp v ghi danh (ng k hc)
- Cch ghi danh (mc nh ca h thng l Internal Enrollment)
- Kha hc cho php t ghi danh (C, khng, hoc ghi danh c thi hn)
.
Kt thc cc thit lp Click chn Save Changes.
30
Hnh 2.26: thit k cc hot ng v ti nguyn cho cc tun hc
31
b. To hot ng cho kha hc
DIN N
to mt din n cn cung cp cc thng tin sau:
Tn din n: Moodle khng quy nh cc quy tc t tn cho din n do vy
c th chn ty (quy tc ny p dng vi tt c cc m-un ca Moodle).
Kiu din n: Din n dnh cho vic s dng thng thng / mi ngi gi
ln mt ch tho lun / mt cuc tho lun n.
Gii thiu v din n: Cc gi thiu chung v din n, nh mc ch, ch
Phn ny thng c s dng hng cc i tng vo tng din n
c th.
La chn c th cho php hc vin gi bi vit ln din n: La chn ny
dng hn ch quyn cc hc vin gi bi ln din n.
Bt buc mi ngi ng k: Quy nh cch thc ng k tham gia din n.
- Khng: Khng bt buc mi ngi phi ng k tham gia din n.
- ng tm thi: ng ng k nhng sau ny c th hy ng k.
- ng : ng ng k, sau ny khng th hy c ng k.
Theo vt cho din n: Bt chc nng ny nu ng ghi li cc hot ng ca
ngi dng, tt nu khng ghi hoc c th ty chn theo tng ngi dng (ty
chn).
Cho php nh gi: Cng vi cc tho lun v phc p ngi dng c th c
cc nh gi ty thuc vo cc la chn:
Nhm (Khng c nhm no c/Cc nhm ring r/Cc nhm nhn thy ): Chc
nng ny cho php qun l cc hc vin theo nhm. C th t chc cc din n
cho tng nhm.
Nhn thy vi cc hc vin: Hin, nu cho php hc vin thy v tham gia din
n. Thit lp n trong trng hp ngc li.
BI TP
Mt bi tp ln m thit lp cc nhim v vi mt hn cui np bi v mt
gi tr im ti a. Cc hc vin s c kh nng ti ln mt hay nhiu file vi
phn c yu cu. Ngy v thi gian ti ln cc file ca hc vin c ghi li,
gio vin c th xem ni dung tng file v c thi gian np bi, gio vin chm
32
im v nhn xt bi lm ca hc vin. Na gi sau khi chm im mt hc
vin, h thng s t ng gi email thng bo cho sinh vin v kt qu bi
tp.
Hot ng bi tp ln c cc dng thc sau:
- Ti nhiu tp tin
- Vn bn trc tuyn
- Ti mt tp tin
- Hot ng ngoi tuyn.
SCORM:
Bi hc c thit k theo chun SCORM
Thng tin chung:
- Tn: Tn ca bi ging e-Learning dng LAMS hay dng SCORM, trng
ny l bt buc phi nhp.
- Tm tt: Ty chn ny cho php m t v bi ging ny.
- Package file: in vo a ch ca gi tp tin, hoc c th kch vo nt
Chn hoc
- ti ln tp tin chn tp tin c trn h thng hoc ti tp tin mi ln
h thng chn.
Thit lp khc:
- Phng php phn loi: trng thi Scoes; im cao nht; im trung bnh;
im tng kt.
- im cao nht:Ty chn t 1 n 100
- S ln th: Ty chn t 1 n 6 hoc khng gii hn
- Cch tnh im: im cao nht; im trung bnh; im ln th u tin hoc
im ln th cui cng.
- Stage size: Kch thc ca s khi duyt bi ging. rng; cao; hin th
trong cng ca s trnh duyt hay mt ca s mi .v.v.
THI:
33
M-un thi dng nh gi trnh ca hc vin thng qua cc dng nh
gi quen thuc bao gm ng/sai, a la chn, cu tr li ngn, cu hi ph
hp, cu hi ngu nhin, cu hi s, cc cu tr li nhng vi ho v vn bn
m t. i vi hnh thc hc trc tuyn th cc thi phi c nghin cu k
ph hp vi cc i tng hc vin.
M-un cung cp cc phng tin t chc mt thi trc tuyn, t to thi
n cc thng tin, bo co v hc vin tham gia thi, kt qu
Cc thng s cu hnh
- Thi gian lm bi (khng gii hn/1-110 pht ): Thi gian hc vin lm
thi. Nu thit lp l "khng" th khng hn ch thi gian lm bi.
- S cu hi mi trang: Quy nh cch thc trnh by trang cu hi.
- Thay i v tr cc cu hi: Cho php thay i th t cu hi trong thi,
trnh trng lp hon ton gia cc ln lm thi ca sinh vin.
- Tro i v tr cu tr li: Cng vi mc ch trnh trng lp, thay i th t
cu tr li trong mi cu hi.
- S ln lm thi: Cho php hc vin lm bi mt s ln nht nh sau c
th tnh im da vo cc bi lm ny. Cch ny rt c ch cho hc vin khi
bi thi cho php xem li ln lm bi trc v c cc thng tin phn hi
cho sinh vin..
- Th nghim da trn bi trc (c, khng): Nu thi cho php th
nhiu ln, hc vin c th xem kt qu cc ln th trc v cc thng tin
phn hi ty thuc vo thuc tnh ny chn cc phng n tr li.
- Cch tnh im: Cch thc tnh im cui cng ca hc vin da vo cc ln
lm th thi. Bn c th quy nh ly im cao nht, im trung bnh,
im ln th nghim u tin, im ln th nghim cui cng.
- Cho php lm bi dng loi tr: p dng khi cho php hc vin lm bi thi
nhiu ln. Khi hc vin c th c cc thng tin phn hi t nhng ln thi
trc .
- Tr im nu lm sai (kiu loi tr): p dng vi thi lm nhiu ln, i
vi mi cu hi nu mi ln chn mt p n sai th s b tr mt s im
bng tch h s tr v im ca cu hi.
- im ly sau du phy: Quy nh chnh xc ca kt qu thi.
34
- Sau khi hc vin tr li, hc vin c th xem cc thng tin (p n, im,
thng tin phn hi, cu tr li) theo cc hnh thc:
o Ngay sau khi lm bi.
o Sau ny, khi thi cha ng.
o Sau khi thi ng.
Cc thit lp khc:
- Hc vin c th xem thi trong mt ca s an ton: Cho php xem thi
trong mt ca s khc.
- Yu cu mt khu: Ch cc hc vin c mt khu c quyn tham gia thi.
- Yu cu a ch mng: a ch mng my ang kt ni, cho php l mt
nhm a ch. Khi bt k hc vin no tham gia thi cng phi c mt
khu xc nhn.
- im ln nht: im ny dng tnh im cui cng cho thi. im ny
tng ng vi tng s im ca tt c cc bi trong thi.
TO MT THI:
Chc nng ny c thc hin bi ngi qun tr, gio vin ca kha hc. Cc
thng tin cn cung cp:
- Tn: Tn ca thi
- Ni dung: M t v thi, c th s dng cc cng c son tho ca
Moodle.
- Thi gian bt u: Hc vin bt u thc hin thi sau thi gian ny.
- Thi gian kt thc: Hc vin khng th np bi thi sau thi gian ny.
- Thi gian lm bi (0-110 pht ): Thi gian hc vin lm thi. Nu thit lp
l khng th khng hn ch thi gian lm bi.
Cc thng tin tng t nh khi thit lp cu hnh cho m-un thi:
SON CU HI :
to cu hi mi ta chn chc nng "to cu hi mi" v chn loi cu hi
cn to. Di y l cc loi cu hi h thng h tr:
- Cu hi a la chn: La chn mt phng n ng trong nhiu phng n
chn la.
35
- Cu hi ng/sai: Loi cu hi ch c 2 phng n tr li ng hoc sai.
- Cu hi c cu tr li ngn: Cu tr li dng vn bn ngn.
- Cu hi s: Cu hi vi cu tr li c dng s.
- Cu hi tnh ton: Cu tr li l mt cng thc, kt qu ca biu thc.
- Cu hi so khp: L dng cu hi trong chn tng ng cc phng n
v cc cu tr li cho trc.
- Cu hi m t: Loi cu hi ny tng t nh mt bi lun, hc vin khng
chn nhng p n c sn m t mnh a ra cc p n.
- Cu hi so khp ngu nhin: Cu hi ny thc ra l mt cu hi tr li ngn
c chn mt cch ngu nhin t cc cu hi tr li ngn trong danh mc.
- Cu hi nhiu cu tr li: Mt loi cu hi tng hp trong n bao gm nhiu
cu hi nh nh cu hi tr li ngn, cu hi a la chn v cu hi s .v.v.
36
Bc 3: Ci t c s d liu
ng nhp vo host to mt c s d liu rng v ti khon s dng c s
d liu.
Bc 4. Khi ng mt trnh duyt web, ti thanh a ch ca trnh duyt g tn
min ng k cho h thng v bt u qu trnh ci t
Ti y cc bc ci t c bn ging vi ci t trn windows. Lu ti phn
khai bo cc thng tin c s d liu khi ci t trn windows th ta mc nh
nhng khi a ln hosting thi ta phi khai bo ng kiu c s d liu m ta s
dng (vd s dng kiu MySQL), tn Host server, tn c s d liu, ngi dng,
mt khu (xxxxxxxxx), ch tin t trong cc bng ca c s d liu ( mc
nh).
2.4. T NH GI
37
____Trao i thng tin bng chat, din n, e-mail, chia s mn hnh v e-seminar
____Cung cp kh nng kim tra v nh gi kt qu hc tp ca hc vin.
2.4.2. T ti khon qun tr hy to v phn quyn cho mt ti khon thnh vin khc
sao cho khi ng nhp h thng ti khon c quyn nh c m t nh hnh di
y:
38
2.4.4. Thit lp giao din cho h thng nh hnh di y:
2.4.5. Cch no sau y l ng khi mun thit lp thm cc ngn ng khc cho h
thng.
Cch 1. Language-> Thit lp ngn ng -> Chn ngn ng mun thit lp thm
Cch 2. Langugae->Sa ngn ng -> Current Language -> Chn ngn ng mun thit
lp thm
Cch 3. Language -> Gi ngn ng -> La chn ngn ng mun thit lp -> thm Ci
gi ngn ng la chn.
Trn c s thit lp thm ngn ng ting Trung Quc, ting Ty Ban Nha cho h
thng
2.4.6. in hnh thc th hin ni dung bn la chn vo trc on vn m t cho
hnh thc th hin ni dung
39
2.4.7. Hy nh du X vo u mi thng tin cn cung cp hoc thit lp khi to
mt din n trong moodle.
____Tn din n
____S in thoi
____Kiu din n
____Dung lng c s d liu ca din n
____Gii thiu v din n
____Chng thc da trn email
____La chn c th cho php hc vin gi bi vit ln din n
____Quy nh cch thc ng k tham gia din n.
____Cho php nh gi
40
PHN 3. XY DNG KHA HC
41
netquality.lii.unitn.it/glossary.htm
Trn c s tham kho cc khi nim trn, trong tiliu ny, chng ta c th hiu:
kha hc (courseware) l mt ng dng cng ngh thng tin c s dng nh mt
cng c hc tp hay h tr qu trnh dy hc theo cch cung cp hc liu (materials)
i km vi nhng hng dn s phm (instructions) c thit k ti u m bo
ngi hc c th t hc d dng v t hiu qu cao nht vi s h tr ca cng ngh
thng tin.
Th hin nhng iu kin tin quyt khi tham gia kho hc C nhng thng tin
m t tm tt v ni dung courseware
Giao din thn thin, d s dng, thun tin khi duyt qua ni dung hc tp.
42
m bo tnh tng tc vi ni dung, cho php tri nghim hnh thnh mt
s k nng in hnh
y v ti liu tham
Ti nguyn hc tp a dng, hp l.
43
Thng tin chung v kho hc: Trong phn ny, cn th hin nhng thng tin
c bn v kho hc. Nhng ni dung ny c ngi hc tham kho u tin
khi bt u kho hc. Trn c s , mt bc tranh tng th v kho hc c
hnh thnh. C th bao gm cc thng tin sau y:
o Tn kho hc
o Ngi xy dng
o S n v hc trnh
o Mc tiu tng th ca kho hc
o M t tm tt v ni dung kho hc
o iu kin tin quyt
o Thng tin nh gi ca kho hc
o Cu trc cc chng, bi, mc
o S phi hp gia hot ng hc tp ny vi cc hnh thc khc.
o Thng tin v bn quyn
44
o Cc ti liu tham kho di dng in n
o Cc ti liu tham kho trn mng
3.1.4 Cc bc thit k, xy dng mt kha hc
Bc 1: Xc nh nhu cu v mc tiu
Trong bc ny, cn xc nh mc tiu ca tng bi hc. Mc tiu ca mt bi hc
gm nhng kin thc ngi hc cn bit hoc c th lm c sau khi kt thc bi
hc. iu lu u tin nh hng n s xc nh mc tiu trong mi bi ging l
kh nng tip nhn kin thc ca ngi hc.V vy, khi xc nh mc tiu trong mi
bi ging cn xc nh r cc yu cu trng tm trong mi bi hc v nhu cu v lng
kin thc ngi hc cn chim lnh.
Bc 2: Thu thp ti nguyn
Ti nguyn cn phi lin quan n ch ca bi dy. Cc ti nguyn cn thit cho
ch ca mi bi hc c th ly t gio trnh, sch tham kho, phim nh v quan
trng nht l t cc chuyn gia hay nhng ngi c kin thc su sc trong tng lnh
vc lin quan. Ti nguyn vt cht dng cho vic thit k bi ging gm ch vit
(text); hnh nh (picture); m thanh (sound); hot hnh (animation); phim (movie)...
Bc 3: Nghin cu ni dung
Xy dng cc bi hc phi l ngi hiu bit su sc v ni dung cn c trnh
by. Cc nh thit k c th nghin cu ni dung bi ging bng cch lm vic vi cc
chuyn gia, c sch v cc ti liu hng dn v thng th h t t mnh vo v tr
mt sinh vin. Tm li, khng th xy dng c nhng bi hc hiu qu nu khng
thng tho ni dung ca bi hc.
Bc 4: Hnh thnh tng
S dng phng php cng no (brainstorming) to ra cc tng sng to.
Bng cch cng no, cc nh thit k vi s gip ca nhiu ngi khc trong nhm
c th c c rt nhiu tng khc nhau la chn, nh gi cht lng, tnh kh
thi ca cc tng.
Bc 5: Thit k bi ging
Da trn nhng tng c chn, th hin bi ging vi nhng chin lc s
phm ph hp.
Bc 6: Lu tin trnh bi hc
45
Biu tin trnh rt quan trng v cc hng dn bi ging vi s h tr ca my
tnh thng l tng tc c v n th hin s lin kt trong bi ging. Biu tin
trnh gm c thng tin khi no my tnh cung cp t liu, iu g xy ra khi ngi hc
lm sai v khi no bi hc kt thc...
Mc chi tit ca biu tin trnh khc nhau tu theo tng phng php c
p dng khi thit k. i vi cc phng php n gin (bi hng dn, bi tp rn
luyn, bi kim tra) nn dng cc biu n gin miu t tng quan v phm vi v
tin trnh ca bi hc.
Bc 7: Th hin ni dung cc bi hc
Bc ny, tp trung vo thit k v xy dng cc bi dy. Thng thng, cc ni
dung c th hin di cc hot ng dy hc (educational activities) thng qua
cc hnh ng, hot ng c th ca ngi hc. Thc tin cho thy, cht lng ca
mt courseware ph thuc phn ln vo cc thc th hin ni dung thnh cc hot
ng.
Bc 8: Th hin bi dy thnh chng trnh
Bc ny l qu trnh chuyn i kch bn trn giy thnh courseware. C rt nhiu
phn mm cho php thc hin cng vic ny nh phn mm eXe Learning, Lectora,
IBM Authoring Tool...
Bc 9: Xy dng cc ti liu h tr
Thng c 4 loi: ti liu hng dn sinh vin, ti liu hng dn ging vin, ti
liu hng dn k thut v ti liu hng dn b sung. Gio vin v ngi hc c cc
nhu cu khc nhau do ti liu cho mi i tng cng khc nhau. Ti liu hng
dn k thut cn thit cho vic ci t nhng bi ging phc tp hoc cn c cc
thit b phc tp... Ti liu hng dn b sung gm phiu hc tp, biu , bi thi, nh
v bi lun....
Bc 10: nh gi v chnh sa
Cui cng, bi ging v cc ti liu h tr cn c nh gi bng cch t mnh
xem xt hoc nh cc chuyn gia nhn xt. Cng c th s dng phng php thc
nghim s phm kim chng cht lng ca cc bi hc. Trn c s , tin hnh
iu chnh, b sung c c nhng sn phm hon chnh nht.
46
Hnh 1.1 cho thy, gio vin (ngi dy) c th to kha hc theo 2 cch.
Mt l, dng chnh h thng qun l hc tp to kha hc ( c gii
thiu trong chng 2). Theo cch ny, gio vin khng cn s dng cc cng c khc
m vn to c kha hc t vic vit mc tiu; hng dn hc tp; phn b thi gian,
k hoch hc tp; cung cp ti nguyn; thit k cc hot ng hc tp; cc din n
trao i, hp tc...Tuy nhin, theo cch ny, c mt s hn ch v cu trc kha hc,
v hc liu, c bit l tnh tng tc vi ni dung hc tp.
Hai l, dng Authoring Tools to kha hc. Theo cch ny, cu trc kha
hc s c th hin r rng, ni dung, ti nguyn, cc hot ng hc tp c thit k
tp trung, cho php to ra cc hot ng vi s tng tc cao theo ngi dy. Tuy
nhin, kha hc c to theo cch ny cha bao gm cc hot ng tng tc gia
ngi dy v ngi hc, gia ngi hc vi nhau.
Thng thng, ngi dy kt hp c hai cch trn trong vic thit k mt kha
hc, s dng LMS to kha hc, lp k hoch hc tp, cung cp cc ti nguyn
ngoi, thit k mt s hot ng hp tc, chia s, qun l lp hc..., cn s dng
Authoring Tools to cc hot ng dy hc tng tc, cc hot ng nh gi v
thng c nhp vo LMS di nh dng chun SCORM. Ngi dy phi kim sot
c ni dung no lm theo cch 1, ni dung no lm theo cch 2.
Phn trnh by di y cp ti mt vi cng c xy dng kha hc theo
cch 2.
3.2.2 Phn mm Lectora
47
Cch n gin nht hnh dung cu trc kha hc ca bn l hy so snh kha
hc vi mt cun sch. Cu trc mt cun sch bao gm nhiu trang thng tin v
thng c chia thnh cc chng (Chapters); mi chng c th tip tc chia thnh
cc phn (Sections). Vi phn mm Lectora, cu trc kha hc c th c thit k
ging nh cu trc mt cun sch. Tuy nhin, bn c th cu trc linh hot kha hc
theo cch ca mnh. c th ch l cc trang thng tin; c th c chia thnh cc
chng, cc phn...
48
IPIX: An interactive, 360 degree, 3-dimensional image; Shockwave, HTML,
Java, Javascript; Supported via the External HTML Object
3.2.2.5 Lc ca kha hc
Cng vic rt quan trng v cng l vic lm u tin khi dng Lectora hay bt
c phn mm no thit k cc kha hc l thit k kch bn ca kha hc. Theo ,
kha hc c th hin thng qua hng lot cc mn hnh k tip nhau theo logic kha
hc. Vic duyt qua cc trang mn hnh c thc hin thng qua h thng cc nt
lnh (next, previous) hay qua thanh thc n.
3.2.2.6 Giao din chnh
49
Phn bn phi (vng nhp thng tin cho kha hc): th hin ni dung tng
ng cho chng, phn hay trang c chn vng qun l cc i tng kha hc.
Khi bin son kha hc, ni dung s c chn trc tip vo vng ny.
50
3. Color: La chn mu ch
4. Bold: La chn ch in m
5. Italic: La chn ch nghing
6. Underline: La chn ch gch chn
7. Align Left: Canh l tri
8. Center: Canh l gia
9. Align Right: Canh l phi
10. Align Both: Canh l hai bn
11. Numbering: To danh sch c th t
12. Bullet: To danh sch khng c th t
13. Decrease Indent: Gim khong cch tht u dng
14. Increase Indent: Tng khong cch tht u dng
15. Hyperlink: To lin kt
16. Reference: Tham chiu
Thanh cng c chn (insert toolbar)
51
10. Add Video: Chn Video
11. Add APIX: Chn nh
12. Add Audio: Chn m thanh
13. Add Button: Chn nt lnh
14. Add Table of Content: Chn cy th mc ni dung
15. Add Referece List: Chn danh sch tham chiu
16. Add Document: Chn mt tp tin vn bn
17. Add External HTML: Chn cc th HTML
18. Add Menu: Chn thanh thc n
19. Add Equation: Chn cng thc
20. Add Action: Chn cc hot ng.
Thanh cng c hin th ch lm vic (mode bar)
3.2.2.8. Giao din vng son tho cc trang thng tin ca kha hc
52
Hnh 3.7: Giao din trang u ca kha hc
53
Bc 1: La chn tab Title Wizard to kha hc t ng
Lectora cung cp sn 10 kiu giao din khc nhau cho kha hc. Trong v d
minh ha, kha hc mi c to ra thng qua kiu Aqua. Sau khi chn kiu giao
din cho kha hc, nhp OK
54
Hnh 3.10: Nhp tiu cho kha hc
55
Hnh 3.12: La chn cu trc kha hc
Bc 5: Nhp tn cc chng
Ty thuc vo s chng ca kha hc to ra bc trc, Lectora yu cu
nhp tn cho tng chng. Trong hnh minh ha, tn ca hai chng c nhp l:
Gii thiu v mn LLDH Cng ngh v Mn Cng ngh trng ph thng. Kt
thc bc ny, nhn vo nt lnh Finish hon tt vic to giao din v cu trc
kha hc.
56
Trong bc ny, cn tin hnh chnh sa giao din, cc tiu (nu cn thit);
thm cc trang vo chng, phn; a thng tin (vn bn, hnh nh, phim, m thanh,
hot hnh...) vo cc trang tng ng; to cc bi trc nghim ca kha hc...
Bc 7: Xut bn kha hc
Sau khi thit k hon chnh kha hc, Lectora cho php xut bn kha hc
di nhiu nh dng khc nhau nh:
Publish to single Executable File: ng gi kha hc thnh mt tp tin c phn
m rng l exe, chy c lp c trn cc h iu hnh Windows
Publish to CD-ROM: Xut bn ra a CD, t to Autorun m kha hc.
Publish to HTML: Xut bn di dng cc cc trang web c lin kt vi
nhau.
Publish to SCORM/Web-Based: ng gi theo chun SCORM, a ln h
thng qun l ni dng CMS (content management system).
3.2.3 Phn mm eXe
57
Hnh 3.14: Giao din eXe
Giao din ca phn mm eXe kh n gin. N bao gm 3 vng ring bit vi cc
mc ch khc nhau trong tin trnh xy dng kha hc, l:
Vng Outline
y l vng lm vic cho php ngi s dng to ra cu trc ca kha hc theo
kch bn c thit k. Khi xut bn kha hc, ni dung cu trc kha hc s xut
hin phn bn tri mn hnh cho php ngi hc d dng duyt qua cc ni dung
trong ton b kha hc.
Vng iDevice
Vng ny bao gm mt tp cc phn t c cu trc c thit k sn theo
s phm m t ni dung hc tp nh mc tiu kha hc (objectives), kim tra kin
thc nn (pre-knowledge); to cc hot ng hc tp (nh hot ng c-reading
activites, nghin cu trng hp - case study, hot ng phn nh v suy ngm -
reflection, cc hot ng khc - activites); cc hot ng kim tra (in khuyt - cloze
activities, cu hi a la chn - multi-choice, cu hi nhiu p n ng - multi-
select); cung cp thng tin cho kha hc (ni dung ch - free text, th vin nh -
image galery, nh phng qua knh - image magnifier, trang web tham kho - external
58
web site, RSS..). Mt trang ni dung c th gm 1 hoc nhiu iDevice ty thuc vo
kch bn c thit k.
Vng Authoring
y l vng son tho ni dung chnh ca eXe cho mi trang trong kha hc.
chuyn ti trang cn son tho, nhp chut vo trang trong vng outline. Tip ,
a ni dung vo trang, nhp chut vo iDevice cn chn, mn hnh vng
Authoring s chuyn sang nh dng thit k sn cho iDevice nhp cc thng tin
c th cho kha hc.
Vng outline cho php ta to cu trc kha hc thng qua cc thao tc thm trang, xa
trang, i tn trang, thay i th t trang, thay i cp mc cho cu trc kha
hc. C th
thm trang
- Bm chn v tr cn a vo cy cu trc
- Bm chn nt Add page
- Sau khi bm nt Add Page, cy cu trc s xut hin mt trang mi.
i tn trang
- Kch p chut vo nhnh cn i tn. Xut hin hp hi thoi.
- Nhp tn mi cho nhnh (trang) vo Enter the new name.
- Bm OK hon thnh vic i tn.
xa mt nhnh hay mt trang
- Kch chn nhnh, trang cn xo
- Kch chn nt Delete
- Bm chn OK xc nhn xo.
thay i v tr nhnh, trang trong cu trc
- thay i cp su ca mt nhnh, s dng cc nt tri, phi
- thay i v tr ca cc nhnh trong cng mt cp, s dng cc nt ln, xung
3.2.3.4 a ni dung vo cc trang
59
Ni dung cc trang c xy dng hon ton thng qua cc iDevice (c sn
hoc t xy dng). Vic nhp thng tin da trn cc mu nh dng ca iDevice kh
n gin. Phn ny ch tp trung vo gii thiu chi tit v cc iDevice v kha cnh
chc nng s phm trong qu trnh thit k kha hc.
Activity (hot ng)
iDevice ny cho php to mt hot ng hc tp. Hot ng ny khng c
nh hng trc m do gio vin t xy dng bng cch nhp ni dung hot
ng hc tp vo mi trng son tho vn bn c to ra khi nhp chut vo
iDevice ny.
Attachment (nh km tp tin)
iDevice ny cho php nh km mt tp tin vo ni dung ca trang. iDevice ny
thng c s dng khi ngi dy mun ngi hc tham kho tp tin to
tnh hung, cung cp thng tin, v d, m phng...v ni dung cp m trong
mi trng eXe khng th hin c.
Case Study (nghin cu trng hp)
iDevice ny cho php a vo bi hc mt cu chuyn (cn gi l trng hp)
c lin quan n ni dung hc tp. Trn c s , thc hin mt nhim v hc
tp no . iDevice ny c dng nhiu trong cc ni dung i hi gii quyt
cc vn lin quan ti thc tin.
Cloze Activity (hot ng in khuyt)
iDevice ny cho php thc hin cc trc nghim in khuyt. N c th c s
dng nh l cch t vn , dn dt hay chim lnh kin thc thng qua hot
ng in khuyt hoc n gin ch l hot ng kim tra trng thi nhn thc
ca ngi hc.
External Website (trang web ngoi)
iDevice ny cho php to mt vng hin th mt trang web no ngay
trong trang ang son tho c ni dung cn tham kho. iDevice ny s c
dng nhiu khi kha hc c thit k c ni dung lin quan nhiu ti cc trang
web trn Internet. Cn lu , iDevice ny ch hot ng khi my tnh ang kt
ni vi Internet.
Free Text (hp ch)
60
iDevice ny cho php to mt vn bn (cha ch n thun v c th thm mt
s hnh nh, ng lin kt). N c dng to cc thng bo, k hoch, cc
hng dn, cc ni dung ch khng trng vi cc iDevice khc.
Image Gallery (th vin hnh nh)
iDevice ny cho php to ra mt th vin nh trong trang. N c dng trong
cc trng hp minh ha ni dung hc tp, so snh, v d hay to tnh hung
hc tp...
Image Magnifier (xem nh qua knh lp)
iDevice ny cho php chn mt bc nh vo trang, s dng cng c l mt knh
lp (c thit k sn) xem v phng to cc phn khc nhau trn nh. N
thng c dng thc hin hot ng khm ph mt bc tranh c ni dung
phc tp hay c nhng yu t ha nh, quan trng nhng khng quan st
c...
Image with text (nh km ch)
iDevice ny cho php chn nh v ch vo trang ni dung.
Multi choice question (cu hi a la chn)
iDevice ny cho php to cu hi a la chn. Ty thuc vo ni dung ch m
iDevice ny s thc hin nhng chc nng khc nhau nh minh ha, v d, to
tnh hung, nu nhim v hc tp...
Objective (mc tiu)
iDevice ny cho php nhp mc tiu ca kha hc.
Preknowlege (kim tra kin thc nn)
iDevice ny cho php t cc cu hi kim tra kin thc nn ca hc vin
trc kha hc.
Reading Activity (hot ng c)
iDevice ny cho php to mt hot ng c. N gm c ni dung c; nhim
v cn thc hin sau khi c; tm tt nhng im chnh trong bi c, a ra
cc cu hi yu cu phn tch su hn v bi c.
Reflection (phn nh, suy ngm)
iDevice ny cho php a ra cc cu hi yu cu ngi hc suy ngm (phn
nh) v nhng g t c trong hc tp thng qua mt hot ng hc tp
61
hay mt ni dung no . N cn cho php ngi dy nhc li nhng g ngi
hc t c lm so snh vi nhn thc ca ngi hc trong qu trnh suy
ngm (phn nh).
Quiz (trc nghim)
iDevice ny cho php to cc bi trc nghim vi cc mc ch khc nhau trong
kha hc.
True - False Question (cu hi dng ng Sai)
iDevice ny cho php to cc cu trc nghim kiu ng Sai v c s dng
vi nhiu mc ch khc nhau trong kha hc.
Wikipedia Article (bi vit trn wikipedia)
iDevice ny cho php tra cu cc thut ng c xc nh trong bch khoa ton
th m (wikipedia) vi mc ch tham kho ni dung cho kha hc. Cn lu ,
iDevice ny ch hot ng khi my tnh ang kt ni vi Internet.
3.4 T NH GI
62
3.4.3. Hy in s th t cho ng cc nt lnh ca phn mm Lectora
63
.........................................
iDevice ny cho php to mt vng hin th mt trang web no ngay
trong trang ang son tho c ni dung cn tham kho. iDevice ny s c
dng nhiu khi kha hc c thit k c ni dung lin quan nhiu ti cc trang
web trn Internet. Cn lu , iDevice ny ch hot ng khi my tnh ang kt
ni vi Internet.
.........................................
iDevice ny cho php to mt vn bn (cha ch n thun). N c dng
to cc thng bo, k hoch, cc hng dn, cc ni dung ch khng trng vi
cc iDevice khc.
.........................................
iDevice ny cho php to ra mt th vin nh trong trang. N c dng trong
cc trng hp minh ha ni dung hc tp, so snh, v d hay to tnh hung
hc tp...
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PHN 4: BNG CH GII THUT NG
Analog
Mt tn hiu in t bin i dng lu tr v truyn d liu. Tng i kh
khn lu tr, x l v truyn d liu loi tng t. Tn hiu ny truyn dn
chm hn tn hiu s
Applet
Mt ng dng nh chy trn trnh duyt cho php thc hin c nhng chc
nng mi nh hot hnh
Application Software
Mt chng trnh phn mm cho php ngi dng thc hin cc nhim v c
th nh x l vn bn, th in t, k ton, qun l d liu
Asynchronous Learning
Qu trnh hc tp trong ngi hc v ngi dy khng ng thi trc tuyn,
nh th in t (email), tho lun nhm (discussion groups), cc kha hc c
lp (self-paced courses)
Bandwidth
l kh nng dn thng tin ca knh truyn thng. Bng thng cng ln th tc
truyn d liu cng nhanh.
BBS (bulletin board system)
mt h thng trn mt my ch c dng ng thng tin, tin hnh tho
lun, a ln v ti xung cc tp tin, tr chuyn hay cc dch v trc tuyn
khc. H thng ny thng c to phc v cho mt nhm ngi c cng
quan tm n mt ch no tho lun, hp tc, chia s nng cao hiu
bit ca cc thnh vin trong nhm.
Blended Learning
L s kt hp gia cc hot ng hc tp trc tuyn v gip mt nhm khai thc
ti a u im ca hai hnh tc dy hc ny.
Blog (Weblog)
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l mt trang nht k trn mng ng ti nhng ghi chp c theo cch suy
ngh ca ai , cc li bnh lun, c cp nht thng xuyn v thng th
hin quan im ca ngi to ra n
Broadband
Knh truyn dn c kh nng truyn ti ng thi nhiu tn hiu
Browser
l phn mm tng tc, truy cp v hin th thng tin trn Internet hoc tp tin
c to ra bi ngn ng HTML
CBT (Computer-Based Training)
Vic o to vi s h tr ca my tnh in t. Thut ng ny thng s dng
khi my tnh in t dng trong o to nhng khng kt ni mng
CD-ROM (compact disk read-only memory)
Mt thit b lu tr d liu s s dng cng ngh quang hc
Chat
Mt phng php giao tip trc tuyn s dng ch gi v nhn cc thng
ip
Courseware
Phn mm gio dc cung cp hc liu v nhng hng dn hc tp thng qua
my tnh
Delivery
Phng php phn pht thng tin ti ngi dng thng qua Internet, CD-ROM,
sch, ngi hng dn hay cc phng tin khc
Discussion Forums
Mt ni cho php mi ngi trao i thng tin v ch cng quan tm
Distance Education
Gio dc trong khng c s tip xc trc tip gia ngi dy v ngi hc
DSL (digital subscriber line)
L mt phng php truy cp Internet tc cao qua ng dy in thoi
DVD (digital versatile disk)
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Mt thit b lu tr d liu in t s dng cng ngh quang hc lu tr
thng tin di nh dng s v c kh nng lu tr ln hn rt nhiu so vi a
CDs
e-Learning
Mt hnh thc hc tp thng qua mng Internet di dng cc kha hc v
c qun l bi cc h thng qun l hc tp m bo s tng tc, hp tc
p ng nhu cu hc mi lc, mi ni ca ngi hc
Email
Vit tt ca electronic mail, l mt dch v trn Internet dng gi v nhn
th in t
Facilitator
l ngi hng dn c vai tr h tr, nh hng, v khuyn khch vic hc tp
trong khi hc tp trc tuyn
FAQ (frequently asked questions)
H thng cc cu hi, cu tr li thng gp nht v mt ch , sn phm hay
dch v no thng dnh cho nhng ngi cn cha c kin thc, kinh
nghim v n
File Server
My tnh dng lu tr, qun l tp tin, phn mm trn mt mng my tnh
gip ngi dng chia s thng tin v cc ngun ti nguyn khc
Firewall
phn mm hoc phn cng c thit k bo v my tnh hay mng my tnh
khi s truy cp tri php
FTP (file transfer protocol)
Mt giao thc trn Internet dng truyn tp tin gia hai my tnh. Phn ln
cc trnh duyt tch hp FTP ti ln v xung cc tp tin
Home page
Trang u khi m mt web site, thng cha ng cc lin kt ti cc trang
khc
Host
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Mt h thng my tnh trn mng phn phi v nhn thng tin t nhng my
tnh khc
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
M my tnh s dng to trang web v c hin th bi cc trnh duyt
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
Giao thc Internet s dng trao i thng tin trn dch v world wide web
Instructional Designer
Ngi a ra phng php v h thng phn pht ni dung kha hc
Interactive multimedia
cho php tng tc hai chiu vi hc liu a phng tin, vi my tnh khc,
hay ngi dng khc
Internet
Mng my tnh ton cu
Intranet
Mng my tnh ni b s hu bi mt cng hay mt t chc v ch truy cp
c t mt my tnh bn trong mng
LAN (local area network)
Mng my tnh cc b cho php giao tip v chia s thng tin v cc thit b
nh my in, modem
Link
on vn bn (thng c gch di) khi kch chut vo n s chuyn ti mt
ni dung thng tin tng ng
Multimedia
S kt hp gia knh ch, hnh, ting, mu sc trnh by thng tin theo cch
hp dn v sinh ng
Network
Nhm cc my tnh v thit b ngoi vi (my in, modem) kt ni vi nhau cho
php ngi dng khai thc, chia s thng tin v ti nguyn
Newsgroup
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Mt din n trao i thng tin ni ch gii v cc ch c th c ng
ti v chia s
Online
Kt ni vi Internet hay my tnh khc
Online learning
Thut ng miu t gio dc v o to din ra trc tuyn
Plug-in
Phn mm cho php trnh duyt thc hin c thm cc chc nng nh pht
m thanh, hin th phim, hay xem vn bn nh l mt chc nng tch hp ca
trnh duyt.
Portal
L im bt u chnh ca mt trang web hay cng thng tin trn Internet
Real-time communication
Truyn thng vi rt t hoc khng c tr; tng tc ng b
Rich content
Kha hc cht lng cao hay hc liu web, thng c th hin qua vic thit
k cng phu, tp trung vo vic hc
Self-paced learning
Vic hc c thc hin khng ng b qua CD-ROM hoc Internet m khng
c s hng dn. Ngi hc t nghin cu da trn cc hc liu ca kha hc.
Server
My tnh c kh nng lu tr ln cc tp tin, cc ng dng v cc ngun ti
nguyn khc
Simulations
S trnh din a phng tin tng tc, c thit k m hnh ha cc kch
bn tht v cho php ngi dng tham gia v tri nghim an ton
Software
M chng trnh my tnh cung cp cho my tnh vi nhng hng dn thc
hin mt cng vic c th no
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Teleconferencing
Tho lun (knh hnh hoc knh ting, hoc c hai) c thc hin qua cc
knh vin thng nh in thoi, mng cc b, v Internet
URL (uniform resource locator)
a ch s dng xc nh mt trang hay mt tp tin trn Internet
User interface
Cc thnh phn ca h thng my tnh ngi dng tng tc vi my tnh, mn
hnh, bn phm, chut..
Video Conferencing
Truyn hnh trc tuyn gia 3 a im tr ln
Virtual classroom
l lp hc o, ni ngi hc, ngi dy tng tc trc tuyn trn mng
Virtual community
l cng ng o ni cng ng ngi trn mng Internet chia s s thch chung
WBT (web-based training)
Gio dc v o to da trn Internet v s dng trnh duyt
Web page
Tp tin HTML hay mt vn bn; mt phn ca web site
Web site
Mt nhm cc trang web c mi lin h bao gm c trang ch
WWW (World Wide Web)
L h thng thng tin mng c th truy cp, mt hin thn ca kin thc loi
ngi
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Tc gi chnh
- Ph gio s L Huy Hong- Ging vin trng i hc S phm H Ni
- L Xun Quang, Ths- Ging vin trng i hc s phm H Ni
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