E-LEARNING V NG DNG TRONG DY HC

H NI, 10 THNG 3 NM 2011

 MC LC

PHN 1. C BN V E-LEARNING ..................................................................... 4

1.1. KHI NIM ......................................................................................................... 4
1.2. M HNH H THNG E-LEARNING................................................................ 5
1.3. U IM V HN CH CA E-LEARNING ................................................... 6
1.3.1 u im ca e-Learning ............................................................................................ 6
1.3.2 Hn ch ca e-Learning ............................................................................................. 7
1.4. CC HNH THC HC TP VI E-LEARNING.............................................. 8
1.4.1 Hc tp trc tuyn (Online learning) .......................................................................... 8
1.4.2 Hc tp hn hp (Blended learning)........................................................................... 8
1.5. NGUN LC CHO E-LEARNING ..................................................................... 8
1.5.1. Con ngi ................................................................................................................. 8
1.5.2. H tng Cng ngh thng tin ..................................................................................... 9
1.6. THC TRNG E-LEARNING TI VIT NAM ............................................... 10
1.7. T NH GI .................................................................................................. 11
1.8. TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................... 14
PHN 2. H THNG QUN L HC TP ........................................................ 15
2.1. KHI QUT CHUNG V H THNG QUN L HC TP ......................... 15
2.1.1. nh ngha .............................................................................................................. 15
2.1.2. Chc nng ca LMS ............................................................................................... 15
2.1.3. Nhim v ca LMS ................................................................................................. 15
2.1.4. Phn loi ................................................................................................................. 16
2.2. H THNG QUN L HC TP MOODLE ................................................... 16
2.2.1. Gii thiu v h thng qu l hc tp Moodle ......................................................... 16
2.2.2. Ci t h thng qun l hc tp Moodle cc b trn windows ............................... 17
2.2.3. Thit lp thng s h thng ..................................................................................... 24
a. Thit lp giao din cho h thng: ...........................................................................................24
b. Thit lp trang ch:................................................................................................................25
c. Xc lp cc ch bo mt v chnh sch ca h thng..........................................................25
d. Thit lp ngn ng cho h thng ............................................................................................26
2.2.4. Cc chc nng qun l ............................................................................................ 27
a. Chc nng qun l thnh vin ................................................................................................27
b. Chc nng qun l kha hc ..................................................................................................27
c. Chc nng qun l m-un: ...................................................................................................28
2.2.5. To, nhp kha hc ................................................................................................. 28
a. To ni dung kha hc: .........................................................................................................31
b. To hot ng cho kha hc ..................................................................................................32

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 2.2.5. a Moodle ln trn mng internet ......................................................................... 36
2.3. THC HNH..................................................................................................... 37
2.4. T NH GI .................................................................................................. 37
2.5. TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................... 40
PHN 3. XY DNG KHA HC ....................................................................... 41
3.1 KHI QUT V KHA HC TRONG E-LEARNING ..................................... 41
3.1.1 Khi nim kha hc ................................................................................................. 41
3.1.2 Yu cu kha hc e-Learning ................................................................................... 42
3.1.3 Cu trc kha hc .................................................................................................... 43
3.1.4 Cc bc thit k, xy dng mt kha hc ............................................................... 45
3.2 CNG C XY DNG KHA HC ................................................................ 46
3.2.1 Khi qut v cng c xy dng kha hc ................................................................. 46
3.2.2 Phn mm Lectora ................................................................................................... 47
3.2.2.1 Gii thiu v Lectora .....................................................................................................47
3.2.2.2 Cu trc ca mt kha hc to ra bi Lectora .................................................................47
3.2.2.3 Inheritance, mt khi nim quan trng khi s dng Lectora ........................................48
3.2.2.4 Nhng nh dng thng tin Lectora h tr ......................................................................48
3.2.2.5 Lc ca kha hc ....................................................................................................49
3.2.2.6 Giao din chnh..............................................................................................................49
3.2.2.7 Cc thanh cng c ..........................................................................................................50
3.2.2.8. Giao din vng son tho cc trang thng tin ca kha hc ...........................................52
3.2.2.9. Vng qun l cc i tng chn vo kha hc ..............................................................53
3.2.2.10. Cc bc to ra mt kha hc trong Lectora................................................................53
3.2.3 Phn mm eXe ......................................................................................................... 57
3.2.3.1 Gii thiu v eXe ...........................................................................................................57
3.2.3.2 Giao din ca eXe..........................................................................................................57
3.2.3.3 Thit k cu trc kha hc .............................................................................................59
3.2.3.4 a ni dung vo cc trang ............................................................................................59
3.3 THC HNH...................................................................................................... 62
3.4 T NH GI ................................................................................................... 62
3.5 TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................... 64
PHN 4: BNG CH GII THUT NG ........................................................... 65

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 PHN 1. C BN V E-LEARNING

1.1. KHI NIM

C rt nhiu quan nim v khi nim khc nhau v e-Learning. Mi khi nim
c nu ra vi nhng gc nhn khc nhau, v do vy, ni hm ca khi nim cng rt
khc nhau. in hnh trong s rt nhiu khi nim v e-Learning l:
e-Learning chnh l s hi t ca hc tp v Internet1
e-Learning l hnh thc hc tp bng truyn thng qua mng Internet theo cch tng
tc vi ni dung hc tp v c thit k da trn nn tng phng php dy hc.2
Hai pht biu ny cho rng, tt c nhng g c gi l e-Learning u phi lin
quan ti Internet. Ngha l, khng s dng Internet th khng c coi l e-
Learning. Vi nh ngha th hai, ngoi yu t cng ngh, tc gi cn nhn
mnh yu t nn tng l phng php dy hc c s dng trong qu trnh
thit k, trin khai cc hot ng dy hc qua e-Learning.
e-Learning l vic s dng cng ngh mng thit k, cung cp, la chn, qun tr
v m rng vic hc tp3
e-Learning l vic s dng sc mnh ca mng cho php hc tp bt c lc no,
bt c ni u4
Hai nh ngha trn c s m rng v h tng cng ngh thng tin ca e-
Learning. l, ngoi Internet, cc h thng thng tin truyn thng ch cn c
yu t mng cng c coi l c s cng ngh ca e-Learning.
e-Learning l vic cung cp ni dung thng qua tt c cc phng tin in t bao
gm Internet; Intranet; Trm pht v tinh; Bng ting, hnh; Tivi tng tc v CD-
ROOM5
e-Learning bao gm tt c cc dng in t (form of electronics) h tr vic dy v
vic hc. Cc h thng thng tin v truyn thng c hoc khng kt ni mng c
dng nh mt phng tin thc hin qu trnh hc tp.6

1
Howard Block, Bank of America Securities
2
Resta and Patru (2010) in the UNESCO publication
3
Elliott Masie,The Masie Center
4
Arista
5
Connie Weggen WR Hambrecht & Co

4
 (5) v (6) l nhng nh ngha c ni hm rng nht v h tng k thut trong e-
Learning. Theo , cc dng c yu t in t c s dng h tr dy hc
u c coi l e-Learning.
R rng, vi nhng quan nim khc nhau v e-Learning, chng s c nhng c
im khc nhau; cch thc dy hc cng din ra khc nhau; h tng cng ngh, cch
thc trin khai, u im, hn ch ca e-Learning cng khc nhau. S khng c ti liu
no cp c y v e-Learning theo tt c nhng quan nim trn. V do vy,
trong ti liu ny cng cn phi thng nht mt khi nim khoanh vng e-Learning.
Trn c s , cp ti nhng ni dung mang tnh trn vn, c ch nht cho ngi
hc.
Trn c s tham kho nhiu nh ngha, xem xt bn cht trong tng trng
hp, cn c vo tri nghim ca tc gi trong thi gian qua, c th hiu, e-Learning l
mt hnh thc hc tp thng qua mng Internet di dng cc kha hc v c qun
l bi cc h thng qun l hc tp m bo s tng tc, hp tc p ng nhu cu
hc mi lc, mi ni ca ngi hc.
Theo cch hiu trn (v c s dng trong ti liu ny), mt h thng e-
Learning phi m bo c cc iu kin di y:
- S dng mng Internet;
- Tn ti di dng cc kha hc;
- S dng cc h thng qun l hc tp;
- m bo s tng tc, hp tc trong hc tp.

1.2. M HNH H THNG E-LEARNING

Trung tm ca h thng e-Learning l h thng qun l hc tp LMS (Learning

Management System). Theo , ngi dy, ngi hc v ngi qun tr h thng u
truy cp vo h thng ny vi nhng mc tiu khc nhau m bo h thng hot ng
n nh v vic dy hc din ra hiu qu.

6
Wikipedia

5
 Hnh 1-1: M hnh h thng e-Learning
to v qun l mt kha hc, ngi dy ngoi vic lm vic trc tip trn h
thng qun l hc tp, cn cn s dng cc cng c xy dng ni dung hc tp
(Authoring Tools) thit k, xy dng ni dung kha hc v c ng gi theo
chun (thng l chun SCORM) gi ti h thng qun l hc tp. Trong mt s
trng hp, ni dung kha hc c th c thit k v xy dng trc tip khng cn
cc cng c Authoring tools. Nhng h thng lm c vic c tn l h thng
qun l ni dung hc tp LCMS (Learning Content Management System).

1.3. U IM V HN CH CA E-LEARNING

1.3.1 u im ca e-Learning

So snh vi lp hc truyn thng, e-Learning c nhng li th sau y:

V s thun tin
Hc da trn e-Learning c thc hin ph hp vi tin hc tp, hon cnh
ca ngi hc, m bo hc mi lc, mi ni, h tr hp tc trong mi trng
mng. Vi ngi qun tr, d dng qun l lp hc vi s lng ln.
V chi ph v s la chn

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 Chi ph theo hc mt kha hc khng cao. Bn cnh , c th la chn cc kha
hc ph hp vi nhu cu, nguyn vng ca bn thn p ng nhu cu hc tp ngy
cng tng ca x hi.
V s linh hot
Khi tham gia mt kha hc mi, ngi hc c th khng cn phi hc tt c cc
ni dung (trong trng hp bit mt s phn). Qua , c th y nhanh tin
hc tp. Cc kha hc d dng c cp nht thng xuyn v nhanh chng.

1.3.2 Hn ch ca e-Learning

Bn cnh nhng u im ni tri ca e-Learning k trn, hnh thc dy hc ny

cn tim n mt s hn ch sau:
V pha ngi hc
- Tham gia hc tp da trn e-Learning i hi ngi hc phi c kh nng lm
vic c lp vi thc t gic cao . Bn cnh , cng cn th hin kh nng
hp tc, chia s qua mng mt cch hiu qu vi ging vin v cc thnh vin
khc.
- Ngi hc cng cn phi bit lp k hoch ph hp vi bn thn, t nh hng
trong hc tp, thc hin tt k hoch hc tp ra.
V pha ni dung hc tp
- Trong nhiu trng hp, khng th v khng nn a cc ni dung qu tru
tng, qu phc tp. c bit l cc ni dung lin quan ti th nghim, thc
hnh m Cng ngh thng tin khng th hin c hay th hin km hiu qu.
- H thng e-Learning cng khng th thay th c cc hot ng lin quan ti
vic rn luyn v hnh thnh k nng, c bit l k nng thao tc vn ng.
V yu t cng ngh
- S hn ch v k nng cng ngh ca ngi hc s lm gim ng k hiu qu,
cht lng dy hc da trn e-Learning.
- Bn cnh , h tng cng ngh thng tin (mng internet, bng thng, chi
ph...) cng nh hng ng k ti tin , cht lng hc tp.

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1.4. CC HNH THC HC TP VI E-LEARNING

L mt h thng hc tp mm do v linh hot, c th t chc dy hc theo

nhiu hnh thc khc nhau. Di gc vai tr ca h thng e-Learning trong vic
hon thnh mt kha hc, c th k ra hai hnh thc hc tp (mode of learning) chnh
l hc tp trc tuyn v hc tp hn hp.

1.4.1 Hc tp trc tuyn (Online learning)

L hnh thc, vic hon thnh kha hc c thc hin ton b trn mi trng
mng thng qua h thng qun l hc tp. Theo cch ny, e-Learning ch khai
thc c nhng li th ca e-Learning ch cha quan tm ti th mnh ca
dy hc gip mt.
Thuc v hnh thc ny, c hai cch th hin l dy hc ng b (Synchronous
Learning) khi ngi dy v ngi hc cng tham gia vo h thng qun l hc
tp v dy hc khng ng b (Asynchronous Learning), khi ngi dy v
ngi hc tham gia vo h thng qun l hc tp nhng thi im khc nhau.
1.4.2 Hc tp hn hp (Blended learning)

y l hnh thc hc tp, trin khai mt kha hc vi s kt hp ca hai hnh

thc hc tp trc tuyn v dy hc gip mt. Theo cch ny, e-Learning c
thit k vi mc ch h tr qu trnh dy hc v ch quan tm ti nhng ni
dung, ch im ph hp nht vi th mnh ca loi hnh ny. Cn li, vi
nhng ni dung khc vn c thc hin thng qua hnh thc dy hc gip mt
vi vic khai thc ti a u im ca n. Hai hnh thc ny cn c thit k
ph hp, c mi lin h mt thit, b sung cho nhau hng ti mc tiu nng
cao cht lng cho kha hc.
Vi c im nh trn, y l hnh thc c s dng kh ph bin vi nhiu
c s gio dc trn th gii, k c cc nc c nn gio dc pht trin.

1.5. NGUN LC CHO E-LEARNING

1.5.1. Con ngi

Theo m hnh h thng e-Learning (1.1), c ba i tng s tham gia vo h thng

qun l hc tp vi nhng vai tr khc nhau. C th nh sau:

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Ngi qun tr:
y l ngi c trch nhim qun tr ton b h thng qun l hc tp vi cc
chc nng nh to lp kha hc, phn quyn cho gio vin, cp pht ti khon
ngi dng, thit lp mi trng, tr gip ngi dy v ngi hc v cng
ngh...Ngi ny cn nm vng chng trnh o to, nghip v qun l o
to, c k nng tt v cng ngh thng tin ni chung, v qun tr h thng qun
l hc tp ni ring.
Ngi dy:
L nhn t chnh trong vic cung cp cc kha hc trn h thng qun l hc
tp. Ngoi cc hot ng hc tp, cc hc liu c thit k theo kch bn s
phm nh trc theo hng phng theo cc hot ng hc tp ca hnh thc
dy hc gip mt gip ngi hc t lc trong hc tp, ngi dy cng cn
thao tc trc tip vi cc chc nng ca h thng qun l hc tp trong vic
nh hng k hoch hc tp, thng bo, cnh bo, nh gi, ch dn, tr gip
ngi hc mt cch thng xuyn v kp thi.
Ngi hc:
y l nhn vt trung tm ca qu trnh dy hc da trn e-Learning. Cc kha
hc cn c thit k theo nh hng ly ngi hc lm trung tm. Khi tham
gia hc tp, ngi hc s thc hin cc hot ng hc tp c thit k theo
kch bn s phm t lc, ch ng khm ph tri thc, k nng ca kha hc.
Bn cnh , ngi hc cng thng xuyn nhn c cc thng tin ch dn,
gip khi gp kh khn hay cng nhau tho lun, chia s thng qua chc nng
hp tc trn mng.
1.5.2. H tng Cng ngh thng tin

Vi c s gio dc:
Cn s hu hoc thu my ch mnh m bo hot ng n nh khi c
s tham gia ng thi ca s lng ln ngi dy, ngi hc trn h thng
qun l hc tp. Trn my ch cn ci t phn mm h thng qun l hc tp
LMS (s c gii thiu trong phn 2 ca ti liu ny).
Vi ngi dy v ngi hc:
Cn c my tnh kt ni vi Internet. Ring ngi dy, cn s hu cc cng c
thit k kha hc (Authoring Tools) thit k ni dung hc tp (s c gii

9
 thiu trong phn 3 ca ti liu). Bn cnh , cng cn s dng cc phn mm
trong vic to ra, x l cc i tng a phng tin, to hot hnh, to bi trc
nghim, cc cng c chp nh mn hnh (capture)... to ra ngun ti nguyn
s dng trong kha hc.

1.6. THC TRNG E-LEARNING TI VIT NAM7

Vo khong nm 2002 tr v trc, cc ti liu nghin cu, tm hiu v e-

Learning Vit Nam khng nhiu. Trong hai nm 2003-2004, vic nghin cu e-
Learning Vit Nam c nhiu n v quan tm hn. Gn y cc hi ngh, hi
tho v cng ngh thng tin v gio dc u c cp nhiu n vn e-Learning v
kh nng p dng vo mi trng o to Vit Nam nh: Hi tho nng cao cht
lng o to HQGHN nm 2000, Hi ngh gio dc i hc nm 2001 v gn y
l Hi tho khoa hc quc gia ln th nht v nghin cu pht trin v ng dng cng
ngh thng tin v truyn thng ICT/rda 2/2003, Hi tho khoa hc quc gia ln II v
nghin cu pht trin v ng dng cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng ICT/rda
9/2004, v hi tho khoa hc Nghin cu v trin khai e-Learning do Vin Cng
ngh Thng tin (HQGHN) v Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin (i hc Bch khoa H
Ni) phi hp t chc u thng 3/2005 l hi tho khoa hc v e-Learning u tin
c t chc ti Vit Nam.
Cc trng i hc Vit Nam cng bc u nghin cu v trin khai e-
Learning. Mt s n v bc u trin khai cc phn mm h tr o to v cho
cc kt qu kh quan: i hc Cng ngh - HQGHN, Vin CNTT - HQGHN, i
hc Bch Khoa H Ni, HQG TP. HCM, Hc vin Bu chnh Vin thng, i hc
S phm H Ni,... Gn y nht, Cc Cng ngh thng tin B Gio dc & o to
trin khai cng e-Learning nhm cung cp mt cch c h thng cc thng tin e-
Learning trn th gii v VitNam. Bn cnh , mt s cng ty phn mm
Vit Nam tung ra th trng mt s sn phm h tr o to o to. Tuy cc sn
phm ny cha phi l sn phm ln, c ng gi hon chnh nhng bc u
gp phn thc y s pht trin e-Learning Vit Nam.
Vit Nam gia nhp mng e-Learning Chu (Asia E-Learning Network -
AEN, www.asia-elearning.net) vi s tham gia ca B Gio dc & o to, B Khoa
hc - Cng ngh, trng i hc Bch Khoa, B Bu chnh Vin Thng...

7
dn theo elearning.lyct.edu.vn

10
 iu ny cho thy tnh hnh nghin cu v ng dng loi hnh o to ny ang
c quan tm Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, so vi cc nc trong khu vc e-Learning
Vit Nam mi ch giai on u cn nhiu vic phi lm mi tin kp cc nc.

1.7. T NH GI

1.7.1 Hon thin ni dung di y bng cch in cc t cn thiu vo trng

e-Learning l mt hnh thc .................. thng qua ........................ di dng
cc ................ v c qun l bi cc h thng ............. hc tp m bo s ...............,
hp tc p ng nhu cu hc mi lc,.............. ca ngi hc.
1.7.2 La chn 4 trong cc c im di y nh danh v e-Learning trong ti
liu ny:
- S dng mng Internet
- S dng mng my tnh
- Tn ti di dng cc kha hc
- Lin quan ti cc thit b cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng
- S dng cc h thng qun l hc tp
- L mt trang web bnh thng
- m bo s tng tc, hp tc trong hc tp
1.7.3 Hon thin cc ni dung trong s sau th hin m hnh e-Learning

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1.7.4. in i tng ngi vo ct bn phi ca bng di y

i tng
Hot ng
(Ngi dy, Ngi qun tr, Ngi hc)

S dng cc phn mm Authoring Tools

Qun l ti khon ngi dng

c php ng nhp vo h thng

Bin ni dung dy hc thnh cc hot
ng trn mng
Thc hin cc hot ng hc tp

Hp tc vi cc c nhn khc
Phn hi cc cu hi

1.7.5 Vit trc mi mc mt k t, A nu l u im; B nu l hn ch

- Vic tham gia vo kha hc khng nh hng ti k hoch c nhn ca ngi
hc
- Khng i hi tham d cc lp hc truyn thng
- Vic hc tp c thc hin theo tin ca ngi hc
- Khng b rng buc bi thi gian
- Khng ph thuc vo a im
- C th s dng hc liu trc tuyn hay ti v my v s dng sau
- Nhng vn tru tng, kh khn, phc tp kh th hin trn h thng e-
Learning
- Tng cng kh nng hp tc thng qua mi trng mng. Vic hp tc khng
ch b hp trong khun kh t chc hay c s gio dc m cn m rng trong
phm vi ton cu
- D dng qun l mt s lng ln ngi hc thng qua h thng qun l hc
tp
- Vic hc tp i khi bun t, i hi s lm vic c lp v thc t gic cao
ca ngi hc

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 - C th gp nhng kh khn v h tng cng ngh thng tin, cc tr ngi v mt
cng ngh
- Chi ph cho mt kha hc thp hn so vi cch hc truyn thng
- Kh kch thch c hng th, tc ng ti t tng, tnh cm ca ngi hc
- C nhiu kha hc cho ngi hc la chn theo nhu cu c nhn
- p ng mc tiu gio dc thng xuyn
- C nhiu s la chn v mc hc ph tham gia kha hc
- Kh th hin c mt s hot ng hc tp hiu qu ch c cch dy truyn
thng nh hot ng hc tp cnh tranh, xemina, nh gi qu trnh (formative
assessment)
- Ni hc ph hp vi s thch v nhu cu ca ngi hc
- C th la chn kha hc vi s hng dn ca ngi dy hoc t hc
- Khi gp kh khn, i khi khng c tr gip tc thi. iu ny c th gy
gin on qu trnh hc tp ca ngi hc
- C th b qua cc ni dung ngi hc bit, ch tp trung vo nghin cu cc
ni dung, ch quan tm. Qua , c th thc hin mt kha hc nhanh hn
theo cch thng thng
- S dng cc cng c hc tp ph hp nht vi phong cch hc tp ca ngi
hc
- Cc kha hc c th c cp nht d dng v nhanh chng v ni dung,
phng thc trin khai hng ti vic hc tp ngy cng c ch v hiu qu
- Khng t chc c hot ng thc hnh hng ti hnh thnh v pht trin cc
k nng thao tc
1.7.6 C 4 on vn bn cp ti 2 ch , hy ghp thnh hai ch v t tn cho
mi ch
Ch 1: Gm on (......) v on (.......) c tiu l....................................
Ch 2: Gm on (......) v on (.......) c tiu l....................................
(1) y l hnh thc hc tp, trin khai mt kha hc vi s kt hp ca hai
hnh thc hc tp trc tuyn v dy hc gip mt. Theo cch ny, e-Learning
c thit k vi mc ch h tr qu trnh dy hc v ch quan tm ti nhng

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 ni dung, ch im ph hp nht vi th mnh ca loi hnh ny. Cn li, vi
nhng ni dung khc vn c thc hin thng qua hnh thc dy hc gip mt
vi vic khai thc ti a u im ca n. Hai hnh thc ny cn c thit k
ph hp, c mi lin h mt thit, b sung cho nhau hng ti mc tiu nng
cao cht lng cho kha hc.
(3) L hnh thc, vic hon thnh kha hc c thc hin ton b trn mi
trng mng thng qua h thng qun l hc tp. Theo cch ny, e-Learning
ch khai thc c nhng li th ca e-Learning ch cha quan tm ti th
mnh ca dy hc gip mt.
(2) Thuc v hnh thc ny, c hai cch th hin l dy hc ng b
(Synchronous Learning) khi ngi dy v ngi hc cng tham gia vo h
thng qun l hc tp v dy hc khng ng b (Asynchronous Learning), khi
ngi dy v ngi hc tham gia vo h thng qun l hc tp nhng thi
im khc nhau.
(4) Vi c im nh trn, y l hnh thc c s dng kh ph bin vi
nhiu c s gio dc trn th gii, k c cc nc c nn gio dc pht trin.

1.8. TI LIU THAM KHO

ICT Transforming Education

E-Learning, A Guidebook of Principles, Procedures and Practices
http://www.answers.com
http://www.wikipedia.org
http://www.worldwidelearn.com/elearning-essentials
http://www.howstuffworks/e-learning.html

14
 PHN 2. H THNG QUN L HC TP

2.1. KHI QUT CHUNG V H THNG QUN L HC TP

2.1.1. nh ngha

H thng qun l hc tp - LMS (Learning Management System): l mt phn

mm qun l cc qu trnh hc tp v phn pht ni dung kho hc ti ngi
hc. LMS bao gm nhiu m-un khc nhau gip qu trnh hc tp trn mng
c thun tin v d dng pht huy ht cc im mnh ca internet.
2.1.2. Chc nng ca LMS

- ng k: Hc vin ng k hc tp thng qua mi trng web. Vic qun l

hc vin cng thng qua mi trng web
- Lp k hoch: Lp lch cc kha hc v to chng trnh o to nhm p
ng cc yu cu ca t chc v c nhn.
- Phn phi: Phn phi cc kha hc trc tuyn, cc bi thi v cc ti nguyn
khc
- Theo di: Theo di qu trnh hc tp ca hc vin v to cc bo co
- Trao i thng tin: Trao i thng tin bng chat, din n, e-mail, chia s
mn hnh v e-seminar
- Kim tra: cung cp kh nng kim tra v nh gi kt qu hc tp ca hc
vin.

2.1.3. Nhim v ca LMS

- Qun l cc kho hc trc tuyn (Online courses) v qun l ngi hc

- Qun l qu trnh hc tp ca ngi hc v qun l ni dung dy hc ca
cc kho hc
- m bo vic ng k kho hc ca ngi hc, kt np v theo di qu trnh
tch lu kin thc ca ngi hc. Gip cc nh qun l v ngi dy thc
hin cc cng vic kim tra, gim st, thu nhn kt qu hc tp, bo co ca
ngi hc v nng cao hiu qu ging dy.
- Ngoi ra h thng cn tch hp cc dch v cng tc h tr qu trnh trao i
thng tin gia ngi dy vi ngi hc, gia ngi hc vi ngi hc. N

15
 bao gm cc dch v: giao nhim v ti ngi hc, tho lun, trao i, gi
th in t, lch hc...

2.1.4. Phn loi

C nhiu loi LMS khc nhau, vic so snh cc loi LMS mt cch chnh xc
v y gia cc LMS l mt vic lm kh khn v c rt nhiu vn khc
nhau trong cc LMS. im khc nhau c bn gia cc LMS da trn nhng yu
t sau:
- Kh nng m rng
- Chun h thng tun theo
- H thng ng hay m
- Tnh thn thin ngi dng
- S h tr cc ngn ng khc nhau
- Kh nng cung cp cc m hnh hc
- Gi c
Mt s LMS ph bin hin nay trn th gii phi k n l: IBM, BlackBoard,
WebCT, Atutor, Itias, LRN, Moodle Trong khun kh ti liu ny xin gii
thiu v LMS Moodle, mt h thng qun l hc tp m ngun m ang c
nh gi rt cao v chim mt s lng ln ngi dng trn ton th gii.

2.2. H THNG QUN L HC TP MOODLE

2.2.1. Gii thiu v h thng qu l hc tp Moodle

- Moodle l mt h thng qun l hc tp m ngun m (do min ph v c

th chnh sa c m ngun), cho php to cc kha hc trn mng Internet
hay cc website hc tp trc tyn.
- Moodle (vit tt ca Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment)
c sng lp nm 1999 bi Martin Dougiamas, ngi tip tc iu hnh v
pht trin chnh ca d n. Do khng hi lng vi h thng LMS/LCMS thng
mi WebCT trong trng hc Curtin ca c, Martin quyt tm xy dng
mt h thng LMS m ngun m hng ti gio dc v ngi dng hn. T

16
 n nay Moodle c s pht trin vt bc v thu ht c s quan tm ca hu
ht cc quc gia trn th gii.
- Moodle ni bt l thit k hng ti gio dc, dnh cho nhng ngi lm trong
lnh vc gio dc. Moodle rt d dng vi giao din trc quan, gio vin ch
mt mt thi gian ngn lm quen v c th s dng thnh tho. Gio vin c
th t ci v nng cp Moodle.

2.2.2. Ci t h thng qun l hc tp Moodle cc b trn windows

Ni dung phn ny gii thiu v cch thc ci t h thng qun l hc tp

Moodle trn my tnh c nhn vi mc ch luyn tp, thc hnh trc khi thit
lp h thng trn mi trng Internet. Vic ci t c thc hin kh d dng
v c thc hin nh sau:
Bc 1: Download gi sn phm Moodle for windows
Khi ng mt trnh duyt web -> Trn thanh a ch g dng :
http://download.moodle.org/windows/

Hnh 2.1: download moodle

Bc 2: Gii nn
Bc 3: Chy Start Moodle.exe khi ng h thng (gi lp web server)
Bc 4: M trnh duyt web g dng http://localhost bt u tin hnh ci t
Moodle trn windows.
QU TRNH CI T
1.Chn ngn ng chnh cho qu trnh ci t v cho site sau ny. Sau khi la chn
ngn ng, nhn Next tip tc.

17
 Hnh 2.2: la chn ngn ng
2. Kim tra cc thng tin v yu cu h thng din ra, nu tt c u tha mn th c
ch Pass mu xanh. Khi qu trnh kim tra hon tt, nhn Next.

Hnh 2.3: kim tra thit lp PHP

3. Nhp thng tin a ch web, th mc moodle v th mc d liu
Nu khng c g c bit, chp nhn theo thng tin mc nh. Nhn Next tip tc.

Hnh 2.4: nh v moodle

4. Cu hnh c s d liu cho moodle

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Nhp mt khu bo v c s d liu (nu cn), cc thng tin khc mc nh. Chn
Next hon tt.

Hnh 2.5: cu hnh c s d liu

5. Kim tra mc p ng ca h thng.
Qu trnh kim tra file php.ini my ch din ra, nu tt c trng thi l OK th
nhn Next tip tc.

Hnh 2.6: kim tra my ch

6. Ti gi ngn ng ting vit.

19
Nhn vo Dowload the &quot: Vietnamese (vi)" language pack ti gi
ngn ng ting Vit, qu trnh dowload hon thnh, nhn Next tip tc.
(Lu khi download gi ngn ng ting Vit th my tnh nht thit phi c kt ni
vi internet).

Hnh 2.7: ti gi ngn ng ting vit

Khi qu trnh ti gi ngn ng kt thc, xut hin thng bo v thng tin bn quyn,
phin bn Moodle, nhn Continue tip tc.

Hnh 2.8: ci t thnh cng gi ngn ng ting vit

Hnh 2.9: Thng tin v phin bn Moodle

7. Ci t c s d liu v lp bng lit k cc m-un cho Moodle.

Khi c thng bo nng cp thnh cng c s d liu (sau khong 2 pht), nhp
vo Continue tip tc ci t.

20
 Hnh 2.10: ci t c s d liu
Chuyn sang giai on lp bn lit k cc plug-in, nhp nhiu ln vo nt lnh
Continue tip tc cho n khi hon tt.

Hnh 2.11: lp bng lit k cc plugin

8. Lp ti khon qun tr h thng
Cung cp cc thng tin di y
- K danh: tn ng nhp
- Password: mt khu ng nhp

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 - H tn ngi qun tr
- Th in t
- Tnh/Thnh Ph
- Quc gia: Vit Nam
- Mi gi: UTC + 7
- Ngn ng a thch: Vietnamese
- Hnh nh i din kch thc ti a l 16MB
Nhp vo update profile hon tt.

Hnh 2.11: lp ti khon qun tr

9. Thit lp trang ch mi
Cung cp cc thng tin di y
- t tn y ca h thng (ty ngi ci t)
- t tn vit tt ca h thng
- M t trang ch (gii thiu s lc v h thng qun l hc tp ny, phn m t
ny s c ng cng khai trn trang ch)
Nhp Lu nhng thay i hon tt.

22
 Hnh 2.12: thit lp trang ch
Qun l chng thc
La chn qun l chng thc da trn Email

Hnh 2.13: thit lp qun l chng thc

Qu trnh ci t thnh cng, trang ch h thng SPKT e-Learning xut hin
Lu : mc d chn gi ngn ng ting Vit, tuy nhin, nhiu ni dung vn hin th
bng ting Anh.

23
 Hnh 2.14: trang ch h thng qun l hc tp

2.2.3. Thit lp thng s h thng

a. Thit lp giao din cho h thng:

Tnh nng ny cho php la chn cc hnh thc trnh by cho h thng (giao din, cu
hnh lch biu, trnh son tho ca h thng)

2.15: thit lp giao din

Ci t giao din cho h thng: La chn phn Giao din/Chn giao din chn giao
din Computer scientist. Thc t theme Computer scientist khng c sn m

24
c tc gi download t trang http://www.themza.com/moodle/computer-
scientist.html sau upload vo th mc theme ca moodle.
V thit lp giao din th nn mc nh (Khng cho cc thnh vin c th
thay i giao din ca h thng, giao din kha hc, hay thay i giao din cc chuyn
mcXc lp cho php cc thnh vin c th ng cc khi.)

b. Thit lp trang ch:

Qun l thng tin trn trang ch (thit lp, sao lu, phc hi)

Hnh 2.16: thit lp trang ch

Trang ch ca h thng c thit lp nh sau
Tn h thng: SPKT e-Learning
Trc v sau khi ng nhp trang ch h thng s hin th tin tc v phn hn
hp (gm danh sch chuyn mc v danh sch cc kho hc)
S tin bi mi nht: 3
S kha hc hin th trn trang: 20
Khng cho php hin th cc kho hc ang m trong cc chuyn mc n
c. Xc lp cc ch bo mt v chnh sch ca h thng

25
 Hnh 2.17: chnh sch h thng
Chnh sch ca h thng c thit lp nh sau:
- Bo v k danh
- Khi sa thng tin bt buc cc thnh vin phi ng nhp vo h thng
- M cho Google vo
- Kch thc tp tin ti a cho php gi ln l ph thuc gii hn my ch
- Cho php nhn tin trong h thng
- Thi gian ti a bin tp bi vit l 30 pht
- nh dng tn y : H + Tn m + Tn
- Khng t quy tc mt khu

d. Thit lp ngn ng cho h thng

- Xc lp t ng nhn bit ngn ng

- Ngn ng mc nh l Vietnamese
- Cho hin th menu ngn ng
- Xc lp b nh m cho menu ngn ng

26
 Hnh 2.18: thit lp ngn ng

2.2.4. Cc chc nng qun l

a. Chc nng qun l thnh vin

- Authentication: Cho php chng thc

nhng thnh vin tham gia h thng
- Ti khon: Cho php xem danh sch v
chnh sa cc ti khon thnh vin, thm thnh vin
mi, upload nh i din ca thnh vin
- Permissions: Phn quyn cho cc thnh
vin.
b. Chc nng qun l kha hc

- Cho php thm/sa cc kha hc

- Ci t mc nh ca kha hc: Cho php
thit lp nhng mc nh v kha hc vd: C th
Hnh 2.19: thnh vin
thit lp cc kha hc c hin th trn trang ch
theo tun, thit lp s lng kha hc c hin th
trong mt tun, ch hc lin hon, dung lng ti
a c ti ln

27
 - Ghi danh
- Yu cu m kha hc: Cho php thit lp
chc nng ngi hc c th a ra yu cu m
nhng kha hc mi.

c. Chc nng qun l m-un:

Thit lp v qun l cc m-un c ci sn

gm
Hnh 2.20: kha hc
Ti nguyn: a cc file ti nguyn ca kha
hc ln trang web nh file word, mutimedia
Bi tp: Cho php gio vin chm im ti
liu np ln ca hc vin.
Chat- Tn gu: M-un Chat cho php
ngi tham gia c mt cuc tho lun nh thi gian
thc t qua web, hay l cch Din n: thc hin
cc cuc tho lun gia cc gio vin hoc gio vin
v hc vin.
Database: Truy cp trc tip c s d liu
Hnh 2.21: hot ng
hu hiu giao tip gia cc thnh vin.

2.2.5. To, nhp kha hc

Bc 1: Ti phn qun tr h thng Click chn Kha hc Thm/Sa cc kha hc

Bc 2a: To chuyn mc mi Click chn Thm mc mi

Hnh 2.22: thao tc thm mc mi

28
 Hnh 2.23: khai bo v m t mc mi
Bc 2b. To kha hc mi: Click chn Thm kha hc mi

Hnh 2.24: thao tc thm kha hc mi

Bc 3: Thit lp cho kha hc
Nhng thit lp chung
- La chn chuyn mc cho kha hc
- Tn kha hc (bt buc)
- Tn vit tt v kha hc (bt buc)
- M s cho kha hc (t t sao cho ph hp vi khung chng trnh o
to)
- Tm tt: Tm tt v kha hc

29
 - Xc lp thi gian bt u kha hc
- Xc lp kha hc l lin hon hay khng lin hon
Thit lp v ghi danh (ng k hc)
- Cch ghi danh (mc nh ca h thng l Internal Enrollment)
- Kha hc cho php t ghi danh (C, khng, hoc ghi danh c thi hn)
.
Kt thc cc thit lp Click chn Save Changes.

Hnh 2.25: thit lp cho kha hc

Bc 4. To ni dung v cc hot ng cho kha hc
Click chn vo tn kha hc (vd kha hc v Kin trc my tnh), h thng s
chuyn n Tng quan cc tun l. Ti khu vc qun tr , click chn Turn Editing
on h thng s chuyn n giao din nh sau:

30
 Hnh 2.26: thit k cc hot ng v ti nguyn cho cc tun hc

a. To ni dung kha hc:

Bao gm 5 hnh thc th hin ni dung di y:

- Chn nhn: Dng son tho tiu ca mt chng, mt bi hc, hay mt
ni dung no .v.v.
- Vit mt trang vn bn th: Cho php vit mt trang vn bn thun ty,
khng c cc nh dng c ch, mu ch, bng .v.v. v cc lin kt. Trng tn
l bt buc, phn tm tt l ty chn, ni dung vn bn c nh vo phn
Ton vn v n l bt buc.
- Vit mt trang mng (Web): Cho php son tho mt trang web, ni dung ca
trang c son tho trong phn Ton vn, tn ca trang mng l bt buc.
Ti nguyn dng ny thng c dng vit chng trnh kha hc, thi
gian hc, iu kin tin quyt, hng dn hc tp, mc tiu .v.v. C mt s thit
lp ca s khi trang mng c duyt nh: M trang mt ca s khc hay
cng ca s, kch thc ca trang khi m .v.v.
- To cc lin kt: Cho php to cc lin kt ti mt file no trn h thng
hoc lin kt ti mt a ch web. Tn ca lin kt l bt buc, trng location
s l a ch ca file c lin kt hoc a ch mt trang web.
- Hin th mt th mc: Cho php hin th th mc ti nguyn gc.

31
b. To hot ng cho kha hc

DIN N
to mt din n cn cung cp cc thng tin sau:
Tn din n: Moodle khng quy nh cc quy tc t tn cho din n do vy
c th chn ty (quy tc ny p dng vi tt c cc m-un ca Moodle).
Kiu din n: Din n dnh cho vic s dng thng thng / mi ngi gi
ln mt ch tho lun / mt cuc tho lun n.
Gii thiu v din n: Cc gi thiu chung v din n, nh mc ch, ch
Phn ny thng c s dng hng cc i tng vo tng din n
c th.
La chn c th cho php hc vin gi bi vit ln din n: La chn ny
dng hn ch quyn cc hc vin gi bi ln din n.
Bt buc mi ngi ng k: Quy nh cch thc ng k tham gia din n.
- Khng: Khng bt buc mi ngi phi ng k tham gia din n.
- ng tm thi: ng ng k nhng sau ny c th hy ng k.
- ng : ng ng k, sau ny khng th hy c ng k.
Theo vt cho din n: Bt chc nng ny nu ng ghi li cc hot ng ca
ngi dng, tt nu khng ghi hoc c th ty chn theo tng ngi dng (ty
chn).
Cho php nh gi: Cng vi cc tho lun v phc p ngi dng c th c
cc nh gi ty thuc vo cc la chn:
Nhm (Khng c nhm no c/Cc nhm ring r/Cc nhm nhn thy ): Chc
nng ny cho php qun l cc hc vin theo nhm. C th t chc cc din n
cho tng nhm.
Nhn thy vi cc hc vin: Hin, nu cho php hc vin thy v tham gia din
n. Thit lp n trong trng hp ngc li.
BI TP
Mt bi tp ln m thit lp cc nhim v vi mt hn cui np bi v mt
gi tr im ti a. Cc hc vin s c kh nng ti ln mt hay nhiu file vi
phn c yu cu. Ngy v thi gian ti ln cc file ca hc vin c ghi li,
gio vin c th xem ni dung tng file v c thi gian np bi, gio vin chm

32
 im v nhn xt bi lm ca hc vin. Na gi sau khi chm im mt hc
vin, h thng s t ng gi email thng bo cho sinh vin v kt qu bi
tp.
Hot ng bi tp ln c cc dng thc sau:
- Ti nhiu tp tin
- Vn bn trc tuyn
- Ti mt tp tin
- Hot ng ngoi tuyn.
SCORM:
Bi hc c thit k theo chun SCORM
Thng tin chung:
- Tn: Tn ca bi ging e-Learning dng LAMS hay dng SCORM, trng
ny l bt buc phi nhp.
- Tm tt: Ty chn ny cho php m t v bi ging ny.
- Package file: in vo a ch ca gi tp tin, hoc c th kch vo nt
Chn hoc
- ti ln tp tin chn tp tin c trn h thng hoc ti tp tin mi ln
h thng chn.
Thit lp khc:
- Phng php phn loi: trng thi Scoes; im cao nht; im trung bnh;
im tng kt.
- im cao nht:Ty chn t 1 n 100
- S ln th: Ty chn t 1 n 6 hoc khng gii hn
- Cch tnh im: im cao nht; im trung bnh; im ln th u tin hoc
im ln th cui cng.
- Stage size: Kch thc ca s khi duyt bi ging. rng; cao; hin th
trong cng ca s trnh duyt hay mt ca s mi .v.v.
THI:

33
 M-un thi dng nh gi trnh ca hc vin thng qua cc dng nh
gi quen thuc bao gm ng/sai, a la chn, cu tr li ngn, cu hi ph
hp, cu hi ngu nhin, cu hi s, cc cu tr li nhng vi ho v vn bn
m t. i vi hnh thc hc trc tuyn th cc thi phi c nghin cu k
ph hp vi cc i tng hc vin.
M-un cung cp cc phng tin t chc mt thi trc tuyn, t to thi
n cc thng tin, bo co v hc vin tham gia thi, kt qu
Cc thng s cu hnh
- Thi gian lm bi (khng gii hn/1-110 pht ): Thi gian hc vin lm
thi. Nu thit lp l "khng" th khng hn ch thi gian lm bi.
- S cu hi mi trang: Quy nh cch thc trnh by trang cu hi.
- Thay i v tr cc cu hi: Cho php thay i th t cu hi trong thi,
trnh trng lp hon ton gia cc ln lm thi ca sinh vin.
- Tro i v tr cu tr li: Cng vi mc ch trnh trng lp, thay i th t
cu tr li trong mi cu hi.
- S ln lm thi: Cho php hc vin lm bi mt s ln nht nh sau c
th tnh im da vo cc bi lm ny. Cch ny rt c ch cho hc vin khi
bi thi cho php xem li ln lm bi trc v c cc thng tin phn hi
cho sinh vin..
- Th nghim da trn bi trc (c, khng): Nu thi cho php th
nhiu ln, hc vin c th xem kt qu cc ln th trc v cc thng tin
phn hi ty thuc vo thuc tnh ny chn cc phng n tr li.
- Cch tnh im: Cch thc tnh im cui cng ca hc vin da vo cc ln
lm th thi. Bn c th quy nh ly im cao nht, im trung bnh,
im ln th nghim u tin, im ln th nghim cui cng.
- Cho php lm bi dng loi tr: p dng khi cho php hc vin lm bi thi
nhiu ln. Khi hc vin c th c cc thng tin phn hi t nhng ln thi
trc .
- Tr im nu lm sai (kiu loi tr): p dng vi thi lm nhiu ln, i
vi mi cu hi nu mi ln chn mt p n sai th s b tr mt s im
bng tch h s tr v im ca cu hi.
- im ly sau du phy: Quy nh chnh xc ca kt qu thi.

34
 - Sau khi hc vin tr li, hc vin c th xem cc thng tin (p n, im,
thng tin phn hi, cu tr li) theo cc hnh thc:
o Ngay sau khi lm bi.
o Sau ny, khi thi cha ng.
o Sau khi thi ng.
Cc thit lp khc:
- Hc vin c th xem thi trong mt ca s an ton: Cho php xem thi
trong mt ca s khc.
- Yu cu mt khu: Ch cc hc vin c mt khu c quyn tham gia thi.
- Yu cu a ch mng: a ch mng my ang kt ni, cho php l mt
nhm a ch. Khi bt k hc vin no tham gia thi cng phi c mt
khu xc nhn.
- im ln nht: im ny dng tnh im cui cng cho thi. im ny
tng ng vi tng s im ca tt c cc bi trong thi.
TO MT THI:
Chc nng ny c thc hin bi ngi qun tr, gio vin ca kha hc. Cc
thng tin cn cung cp:
- Tn: Tn ca thi
- Ni dung: M t v thi, c th s dng cc cng c son tho ca
Moodle.
- Thi gian bt u: Hc vin bt u thc hin thi sau thi gian ny.
- Thi gian kt thc: Hc vin khng th np bi thi sau thi gian ny.
- Thi gian lm bi (0-110 pht ): Thi gian hc vin lm thi. Nu thit lp
l khng th khng hn ch thi gian lm bi.
Cc thng tin tng t nh khi thit lp cu hnh cho m-un thi:
SON CU HI :
to cu hi mi ta chn chc nng "to cu hi mi" v chn loi cu hi
cn to. Di y l cc loi cu hi h thng h tr:
- Cu hi a la chn: La chn mt phng n ng trong nhiu phng n
chn la.

35
 - Cu hi ng/sai: Loi cu hi ch c 2 phng n tr li ng hoc sai.
- Cu hi c cu tr li ngn: Cu tr li dng vn bn ngn.
- Cu hi s: Cu hi vi cu tr li c dng s.
- Cu hi tnh ton: Cu tr li l mt cng thc, kt qu ca biu thc.
- Cu hi so khp: L dng cu hi trong chn tng ng cc phng n
v cc cu tr li cho trc.
- Cu hi m t: Loi cu hi ny tng t nh mt bi lun, hc vin khng
chn nhng p n c sn m t mnh a ra cc p n.
- Cu hi so khp ngu nhin: Cu hi ny thc ra l mt cu hi tr li ngn
c chn mt cch ngu nhin t cc cu hi tr li ngn trong danh mc.
- Cu hi nhiu cu tr li: Mt loi cu hi tng hp trong n bao gm nhiu
cu hi nh nh cu hi tr li ngn, cu hi a la chn v cu hi s .v.v.

2.2.5. a Moodle ln trn mng internet

Ci t moodle cc b trn windows cho php chng ta lp cu hnh cho h

thng qun l hc tp, hoc vn hnh cc b, lm nhp cho cng vic bin
son ni dung, cc hot ng cho mt kha hc... Tuy nhin trn thc t h
thng qun l hc tp thng c a ln mng, thng qua mt my ch v c
tn min truy cp.
a Moodle ln mng ta cn phi c: Host v Domain (c th mua t cc
nh cung cp, tham kho : http://www.matbao.net ) sau lm theo cc bc
sau :
Bc 1 : Download gi Moodle Standard Moodle packages ti a ch
http://moodle.org/download.
Bc 2: Upload ton b gi sn phm ln web-hosting
vic upload c din ra d dng v nhanh chng, ta c th s dng phn
mm Filezilla (download ti a ch: http://filezilla-project.org/download.php ).
Sau khi ci t v chy Filezilla vo giao din ca chng trnh nhp cc thng
s v Host-a ch IP ca website, Username-tn ti khon, Password-mt khu,
ri nhn Quickconnect chng trnh kim tra kt ni vi my ch. Khi kt
ni thnh cng, bn s nhn c thng bo Directory listing successful v khi
vic upload d liu ln my ch rt d dng ging nh ang thao tc trn
cng.

36
 Bc 3: Ci t c s d liu
ng nhp vo host to mt c s d liu rng v ti khon s dng c s
d liu.
Bc 4. Khi ng mt trnh duyt web, ti thanh a ch ca trnh duyt g tn
min ng k cho h thng v bt u qu trnh ci t
Ti y cc bc ci t c bn ging vi ci t trn windows. Lu ti phn
khai bo cc thng tin c s d liu khi ci t trn windows th ta mc nh
nhng khi a ln hosting thi ta phi khai bo ng kiu c s d liu m ta s
dng (vd s dng kiu MySQL), tn Host server, tn c s d liu, ngi dng,
mt khu (xxxxxxxxx), ch tin t trong cc bng ca c s d liu ( mc
nh).

2.3. THC HNH

- Ci t h thng moodle trn windows s dng gi sn phm Moodle for

windows
- Thit lp h thng qu l hc tp
- Cu hnh cc khi c nh trong h thng
- Thay i giao din ca h thng
- Vi ti khon ca ngi qun tr hy thm thnh vin mi cho h thng v
phn quyn cho nhng thnh vin l: gio vin, gio vin bin son, ging vin, tr
ging.
- To mt kha hc trn moodle

2.4. T NH GI

2.4.1. Hy nh du X vo trc mi mc nu l nhim v chnh ca LMS

____Qun l hc vin thng qua mi trng internet
____Lp lch cc kha hc v to chng trnh o to
____Phn phi cc kha hc trc tuyn, cc bi thi v cc ti nguyn khc
____To ra cc bi ging theo chun SCORM
____Theo di qu trnh hc tp ca hc vin v to cc bo co
____Lp k hoch c nhn cho ngi hc

37
____Trao i thng tin bng chat, din n, e-mail, chia s mn hnh v e-seminar
____Cung cp kh nng kim tra v nh gi kt qu hc tp ca hc vin.

2.4.2. T ti khon qun tr hy to v phn quyn cho mt ti khon thnh vin khc
sao cho khi ng nhp h thng ti khon c quyn nh c m t nh hnh di
y:

2.4.3. Vi mi tn ct A hy kt ni vi mt s m t ct B sao cho th hin chnh

xc nhng nh ngha v vai tr cc thnh vin trong h thng.
A B
Ngi qun tr c th lm mi vic bn trong kho hc,
k c thay i cc hot ng hc tp v
cho im hc vin.

Gio vin bin son l tt c thnh vin ng nhp

Gio vin c th dy v cho im hc vin, nhng

khng th sa i cc hot ng hc tp

Tr ging c th to cc kho hc mi v ging dy

cc kho

Sinh vin thng c th lm mi vic trong h

thng, trong mi kho hc

Khch vng lai c t quyn nht trong mt kho hc

Thnh vin xc thc ch c nhng quyn ti thiu v thng

khng th vit bi c

38
2.4.4. Thit lp giao din cho h thng nh hnh di y:

2.4.5. Cch no sau y l ng khi mun thit lp thm cc ngn ng khc cho h
thng.
Cch 1. Language-> Thit lp ngn ng -> Chn ngn ng mun thit lp thm
Cch 2. Langugae->Sa ngn ng -> Current Language -> Chn ngn ng mun thit
lp thm
Cch 3. Language -> Gi ngn ng -> La chn ngn ng mun thit lp -> thm Ci
gi ngn ng la chn.
Trn c s thit lp thm ngn ng ting Trung Quc, ting Ty Ban Nha cho h
thng
2.4.6. in hnh thc th hin ni dung bn la chn vo trc on vn m t cho
hnh thc th hin ni dung

o ..: Dng son tho tiu ca mt chng, mt bi hc,

hay mt ni dung no .v.v.
o ..: Cho php to cc lin kt ti mt file no trn h thng
hoc lin kt ti mt a ch web.
o ...: Cho php vit mt trang vn bn thun ty, khng c cc
nh dng c ch, mu ch, bng .v.v. v cc lin kt.
o ..: Cho php hin th th mc ti nguyn gc.
o ..: Cho php son tho mt trang web, ni dung ca trang
c son tho trong phn Ton vn.

39
2.4.7. Hy nh du X vo u mi thng tin cn cung cp hoc thit lp khi to
mt din n trong moodle.
____Tn din n
____S in thoi
____Kiu din n
____Dung lng c s d liu ca din n
____Gii thiu v din n
____Chng thc da trn email
____La chn c th cho php hc vin gi bi vit ln din n
____Quy nh cch thc ng k tham gia din n.
____Cho php nh gi

2.5. TI LIU THAM KHO

- Trang ch ca Moodle: http://moodle.com

- Cng ng Moodle Vit Nam: http://moodle.org/course/view.php?id=45
- Ti liu tr gip v Moodle: http://moodle.org/help
- Trung tm tin hc b gio dc v o to: http://el.edu.net.vn
- Cc ti nguyn ca Moodle:
http://moodle.org/mod/resource/view.php?id=3856

40
 PHN 3. XY DNG KHA HC

3.1 KHI QUT V KHA HC TRONG E-LEARNING

3.1.1 Khi nim kha hc

Thut ng Ting Anh: Courseware m t kha hc c s dng trong dy

hc da trn h thng e-Learning
C nhiu nh ngha v Courseware, di y l mt s nh ngha trn Internet:
Phn mm my tnh v cc ti liu (materials) kt hp li c thit k dng
cho mc ch o to v gio dc
www.itslifejimbutnotasweknowit.org.uk/lt_glossary.htm
Phn mm gio dc dng trin khai h thng ti liu cho mt kho hc v
cc hng dn thc hin (instructional) cho kho hc thng qua my tnh
www.worldwidelearn.com/elearning-essentials/elearning-glossary.htm
Phn mm c thit k cho mt chng trnh gio dc
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-learning_glossary
Bt c chng trnh phn mm gio dc hay ging dy no
www.cybermediacreations.com/elearning/glossary.htm
Phn mm bao gm chc nng hng dn hc tp thng qua h thng cc bi
hc ca mt ch xc nh
alt.uno.edu/glossary.html
Phn mm c s dng trong qu trnh dy v hc hng dn sinh vin
trong mt lnh vc c th
www.kcsd.k12.pa.us/~techhp/techplan/glossary.html
Mt chng trnh hay mt phn mm c pht trin hay c s dng nh
mt phng tin gio dc (educational means) nhm thc hin qu trnh dy
hc di d h tr ca my tnh
www.erudium.polymtl.ca/html-eng/glossaire.php
Courseware l mt thut ng c s dng miu t mt phn mm c s
dng nhm h tr mt ho hc hay mt phn kho hc.

41
 netquality.lii.unitn.it/glossary.htm
Trn c s tham kho cc khi nim trn, trong tiliu ny, chng ta c th hiu:
kha hc (courseware) l mt ng dng cng ngh thng tin c s dng nh mt
cng c hc tp hay h tr qu trnh dy hc theo cch cung cp hc liu (materials)
i km vi nhng hng dn s phm (instructions) c thit k ti u m bo
ngi hc c th t hc d dng v t hiu qu cao nht vi s h tr ca cng ngh
thng tin.

3.1.2 Yu cu kha hc e-Learning

Khi c lp t hc tp vi courseware, ngi hc khng tip xc trc tip vi

gio vin, do vy, ni dung hc tp trong sch gio khoa, gio trnh, ti liu tham kho
phi c gia cng vi cc bin php s phm thch hp vi s b sung ng k cc
ngun ti nguyn v cc thng tin cn thit khc m bo rng sinh vin c th t
hc vi courseware mt cch hiu qu nht. Theo cch tip cn , xin xut mt s
yu cu c bn mt courseware cn t c:

Th hin r rng mc tiu hc tp

Th hin nhng iu kin tin quyt khi tham gia kho hc C nhng thng tin
m t tm tt v ni dung courseware

Cu trc r rng, logic

C ni dung chnh xc, ph hp vi mc tiu hc tp

Giao din thn thin, d s dng, thun tin khi duyt qua ni dung hc tp.

C kh nng nh v thng tin trong qu trnh hc tp

H tr tm kim thng tin

Th hin mi quan h gia hc tp vi courseware vi cc hnh thc hc tp

khc

m bo ngi hc bit bt u t u, tin trnh hc tp nh th no, trong

iu kin g

Vic hc tp ca ngi hc c th hin phn ln thng qua cc hot ng c

th

Tch hp cc l lun dy hc hin i nhm pht huy ti a tnh tch cc, ch

ng, sng to ca ngi hc

42
 m bo tnh tng tc vi ni dung, cho php tri nghim hnh thnh mt
s k nng in hnh

Ngi hc c th t nh gi mc tin b trong qu trnh hc tp.

Gip cho ngi hc hon thnh c nhng bi tp vn dng

y v ti liu tham

Ti nguyn hc tp a dng, hp l.

Ph hp chun SCORM 1.2 hoc SCORM 2004

Nhng yu cu trn cha bao gm cc yu t m bo s tng tc, phn hi gia
ngi dy vi ngi hc, gia ngi hc vi nhau. Khi khai thc trong mi trng
LMS (Learning Management System), yu cu trn s c p ng. Cng vi LMS,
nhiu yu cu trn c th c thc hin mt cch d dng.

3.1.3 Cu trc kha hc

Courseware c xy dng da trn nhng qui c di y:

Mt kho hc (course) l tp hp cc phn (section).

Mt phn bao gm tp hp nhiu ch (topic).

Mt ch bao gm tp hp cc hot ng hc tp (educational activities).

Mt hot ng hc tp bao gm tp hp cc hnh ng, thao tc (primitive

activities).
Nhng khi nim trn rt linh hot, cho php ngi thit k la chn cc ch
lin quan ti mt kho hc, hay th hin mt ch di dng cc hot ng dy hc
c th.
Mt hot ng hc tp c th l s kt hp ca nhiu hnh ng, ng tc nh, c
mt on vn bn, nhn v quan st mt hnh nh, lng nghe mt m thanh, quan st
mt hot hnh, th nghim, thc hnh o, m phng hay mt vi hng dn thc
hin cc bi tp...nhm gip ngi hc lnh hi c kin thc, k nng trong hnh
ng.
C rt nhiu cch th hin cu trc ca mt kho hc, di y l mt gi
gm 4 ni dung chnh: Thng tin chung v kho hc; Hng dn hc tp; Ni dung
kho hc; Ti liu tham kho chung.

43
 Thng tin chung v kho hc: Trong phn ny, cn th hin nhng thng tin
c bn v kho hc. Nhng ni dung ny c ngi hc tham kho u tin
khi bt u kho hc. Trn c s , mt bc tranh tng th v kho hc c
hnh thnh. C th bao gm cc thng tin sau y:
o Tn kho hc
o Ngi xy dng
o S n v hc trnh
o Mc tiu tng th ca kho hc
o M t tm tt v ni dung kho hc
o iu kin tin quyt
o Thng tin nh gi ca kho hc
o Cu trc cc chng, bi, mc
o S phi hp gia hot ng hc tp ny vi cc hnh thc khc.
o Thng tin v bn quyn

Hng dn hc tp: Khc vi mt cun sch in t (e-book), ni dung

courseware c thit k gip cho ngi hc thc hin theo nhng hng dn,
tham gia vo cc hot ngi hc t lc hc tp vi n. Ni dung phn ny c
th gm nhng thng tin:
o Gii thiu v giao din, cch thc di chuyn gia cc ni dung
o tng s phm ca courseware
o Hng dn c th mt s hot ng hc tp
o Thng tin v k hoch hc tp.

Ni dung kho hc: Ni dung chnh ca courseware c th hin trong phn

ny. N thng c th hin di dng cy th mc (tree view) hoc s dng
h thng lin kt theo cu trc (up, down, next, previous, top). Ni dung kha
hc c thit k di dng cc hot ng phong ph (t vn , tm hiu kin
thc mi, c ti liu, quan st hnh v, tr li cu hi, t kim tra mc tip
thu...) gip sinh vin t tm hiu v ni dung hc tp theo cch t lc v tch
cc nht.

Ti liu tham kho chung

44
 o Cc ti liu tham kho di dng in n
o Cc ti liu tham kho trn mng
3.1.4 Cc bc thit k, xy dng mt kha hc

Bc 1: Xc nh nhu cu v mc tiu
Trong bc ny, cn xc nh mc tiu ca tng bi hc. Mc tiu ca mt bi hc
gm nhng kin thc ngi hc cn bit hoc c th lm c sau khi kt thc bi
hc. iu lu u tin nh hng n s xc nh mc tiu trong mi bi ging l
kh nng tip nhn kin thc ca ngi hc.V vy, khi xc nh mc tiu trong mi
bi ging cn xc nh r cc yu cu trng tm trong mi bi hc v nhu cu v lng
kin thc ngi hc cn chim lnh.
Bc 2: Thu thp ti nguyn
Ti nguyn cn phi lin quan n ch ca bi dy. Cc ti nguyn cn thit cho
ch ca mi bi hc c th ly t gio trnh, sch tham kho, phim nh v quan
trng nht l t cc chuyn gia hay nhng ngi c kin thc su sc trong tng lnh
vc lin quan. Ti nguyn vt cht dng cho vic thit k bi ging gm ch vit
(text); hnh nh (picture); m thanh (sound); hot hnh (animation); phim (movie)...
Bc 3: Nghin cu ni dung
Xy dng cc bi hc phi l ngi hiu bit su sc v ni dung cn c trnh
by. Cc nh thit k c th nghin cu ni dung bi ging bng cch lm vic vi cc
chuyn gia, c sch v cc ti liu hng dn v thng th h t t mnh vo v tr
mt sinh vin. Tm li, khng th xy dng c nhng bi hc hiu qu nu khng
thng tho ni dung ca bi hc.
Bc 4: Hnh thnh tng
S dng phng php cng no (brainstorming) to ra cc tng sng to.
Bng cch cng no, cc nh thit k vi s gip ca nhiu ngi khc trong nhm
c th c c rt nhiu tng khc nhau la chn, nh gi cht lng, tnh kh
thi ca cc tng.
Bc 5: Thit k bi ging
Da trn nhng tng c chn, th hin bi ging vi nhng chin lc s
phm ph hp.
Bc 6: Lu tin trnh bi hc

45
 Biu tin trnh rt quan trng v cc hng dn bi ging vi s h tr ca my
tnh thng l tng tc c v n th hin s lin kt trong bi ging. Biu tin
trnh gm c thng tin khi no my tnh cung cp t liu, iu g xy ra khi ngi hc
lm sai v khi no bi hc kt thc...
Mc chi tit ca biu tin trnh khc nhau tu theo tng phng php c
p dng khi thit k. i vi cc phng php n gin (bi hng dn, bi tp rn
luyn, bi kim tra) nn dng cc biu n gin miu t tng quan v phm vi v
tin trnh ca bi hc.
Bc 7: Th hin ni dung cc bi hc
Bc ny, tp trung vo thit k v xy dng cc bi dy. Thng thng, cc ni
dung c th hin di cc hot ng dy hc (educational activities) thng qua
cc hnh ng, hot ng c th ca ngi hc. Thc tin cho thy, cht lng ca
mt courseware ph thuc phn ln vo cc thc th hin ni dung thnh cc hot
ng.
Bc 8: Th hin bi dy thnh chng trnh
Bc ny l qu trnh chuyn i kch bn trn giy thnh courseware. C rt nhiu
phn mm cho php thc hin cng vic ny nh phn mm eXe Learning, Lectora,
IBM Authoring Tool...
Bc 9: Xy dng cc ti liu h tr
Thng c 4 loi: ti liu hng dn sinh vin, ti liu hng dn ging vin, ti
liu hng dn k thut v ti liu hng dn b sung. Gio vin v ngi hc c cc
nhu cu khc nhau do ti liu cho mi i tng cng khc nhau. Ti liu hng
dn k thut cn thit cho vic ci t nhng bi ging phc tp hoc cn c cc
thit b phc tp... Ti liu hng dn b sung gm phiu hc tp, biu , bi thi, nh
v bi lun....
Bc 10: nh gi v chnh sa
Cui cng, bi ging v cc ti liu h tr cn c nh gi bng cch t mnh
xem xt hoc nh cc chuyn gia nhn xt. Cng c th s dng phng php thc
nghim s phm kim chng cht lng ca cc bi hc. Trn c s , tin hnh
iu chnh, b sung c c nhng sn phm hon chnh nht.

3.2 CNG C XY DNG KHA HC

3.2.1 Khi qut v cng c xy dng kha hc

46
 Hnh 1.1 cho thy, gio vin (ngi dy) c th to kha hc theo 2 cch.
Mt l, dng chnh h thng qun l hc tp to kha hc ( c gii
thiu trong chng 2). Theo cch ny, gio vin khng cn s dng cc cng c khc
m vn to c kha hc t vic vit mc tiu; hng dn hc tp; phn b thi gian,
k hoch hc tp; cung cp ti nguyn; thit k cc hot ng hc tp; cc din n
trao i, hp tc...Tuy nhin, theo cch ny, c mt s hn ch v cu trc kha hc,
v hc liu, c bit l tnh tng tc vi ni dung hc tp.
Hai l, dng Authoring Tools to kha hc. Theo cch ny, cu trc kha
hc s c th hin r rng, ni dung, ti nguyn, cc hot ng hc tp c thit k
tp trung, cho php to ra cc hot ng vi s tng tc cao theo ngi dy. Tuy
nhin, kha hc c to theo cch ny cha bao gm cc hot ng tng tc gia
ngi dy v ngi hc, gia ngi hc vi nhau.
Thng thng, ngi dy kt hp c hai cch trn trong vic thit k mt kha
hc, s dng LMS to kha hc, lp k hoch hc tp, cung cp cc ti nguyn
ngoi, thit k mt s hot ng hp tc, chia s, qun l lp hc..., cn s dng
Authoring Tools to cc hot ng dy hc tng tc, cc hot ng nh gi v
thng c nhp vo LMS di nh dng chun SCORM. Ngi dy phi kim sot
c ni dung no lm theo cch 1, ni dung no lm theo cch 2.
Phn trnh by di y cp ti mt vi cng c xy dng kha hc theo
cch 2.
3.2.2 Phn mm Lectora

3.2.2.1 Gii thiu v Lectora

Trivantis Lectora l mt phn mm cho php c nhn hay mt nhm to ra

nhng kha hc c tnh tng tc mt cch d dng. Nhng kha hc ny c th c
pht trin di dng mt websites hay di dng mt ng dng c lp. Phn mm
ny h tr nhiu nh dng thng tin khc nhau nh ch, hnh nh, m thanh, phim hay
hot hnh...cng nh h tr cc chun cng ngh Internet nh HTML, Java hay
JavaScript.
Lectora l mt phn mm d hc vi nhng cng c ko-th, d dng to ra
cc tng tc vi cc i tng trong kha hc. Bn c th lm ch phn mm ny
trong mt khong thi gian ngn
3.2.2.2 Cu trc ca mt kha hc to ra bi Lectora

47
 Cch n gin nht hnh dung cu trc kha hc ca bn l hy so snh kha
hc vi mt cun sch. Cu trc mt cun sch bao gm nhiu trang thng tin v
thng c chia thnh cc chng (Chapters); mi chng c th tip tc chia thnh
cc phn (Sections). Vi phn mm Lectora, cu trc kha hc c th c thit k
ging nh cu trc mt cun sch. Tuy nhin, bn c th cu trc linh hot kha hc
theo cch ca mnh. c th ch l cc trang thng tin; c th c chia thnh cc
chng, cc phn...

3.2.2.3 Inheritance, mt khi nim quan trng khi s dng Lectora

Vi Lectora, chng ta s tit kim c nhiu thi gian vi chc nng

inheritance. l, vi nhng i tng, ch cn to ra mt ln v c s dng li
nhiu ln trong ton kha hc nh giao din ca cc trang, cc nt di chuyn gia cc
trang...
Trong Lectora, chc nng Inheritance hot ng theo nhng nguyn tc sau:
- Nhng i tng c trong mt trang, n ch xut hin trong trang
- Nhng i tng c trong mt phn s xut hin trong tt c cc trang thuc
phn
- Nhng i tng c trong mt chng s xut hin trong tt c cc trang thuc
cc phn trong chng
- Nhng i tng c trong mt kha hc s xut hin trong tt c cc trang
trong mi phn ca mi chng trong kha hc
3.2.2.4 Nhng nh dng thng tin Lectora h tr

Hot hnh: GIF Animations (.gif) ;Flash Animations (.swf, .spl)

Hnh nh: JPEG (.jpeg, .jpg); GIF (.gif); TIFF (.tif); Windows bit map (.bmp);
Windows metafiles (.wmf); Portable Network Graphics (.png)
Phim: Microsoft (.avi); Quicktime (.mov); MPEG (.mpg, .mpeg); Real Media
(rm, rmm, ram); Microsoft Streaming Video (.asf); RealMedia Streaming Video
(.rm)
m thanh: Wave (.wav); MIDI (.mid, .rmi); MP3 (.mp3); Sun (.au); Macintosh
(.aiff or .aif); Microsoft Streaming Audio (.asf) ; RealMedia Streaming Audio
(.rm)
Vn bn: Rich-Text documents (.rtf); Text documents (.txt)

48
 IPIX: An interactive, 360 degree, 3-dimensional image; Shockwave, HTML,
Java, Javascript; Supported via the External HTML Object

3.2.2.5 Lc ca kha hc

Cng vic rt quan trng v cng l vic lm u tin khi dng Lectora hay bt
c phn mm no thit k cc kha hc l thit k kch bn ca kha hc. Theo ,
kha hc c th hin thng qua hng lot cc mn hnh k tip nhau theo logic kha
hc. Vic duyt qua cc trang mn hnh c thc hin thng qua h thng cc nt
lnh (next, previous) hay qua thanh thc n.
3.2.2.6 Giao din chnh

Hnh 3.1: Giao din Lectora

Ngoi thanh thc n, thanh cng c, giao din phn mm Lectora c chia
lm hai phn chnh:
Phn bn tri (vng qun l cc i tng to kha hc): Bao gm cc action
to s trang t ng cho kha hc; cc nt lnh duyt qua cc ni dung ca kha
hc v cc chng, phn, trang thng tin cho kha hc. Mun chuyn ti mt chng,
phn, trang no bin tp ni dung, ngi dng s thao tc trn vng ny.

49
 Phn bn phi (vng nhp thng tin cho kha hc): th hin ni dung tng
ng cho chng, phn hay trang c chn vng qun l cc i tng kha hc.
Khi bin son kha hc, ni dung s c chn trc tip vo vng ny.

3.2.2.7 Cc thanh cng c

Thanh cng c chun (standard toolbar)

Hnh 3.2: Thanh cng c chun

1. New: To kha hc mi
2. Open: M kha hc c
3. Save: Lu tr kha hc
4. Cut: Ct d liu
5. Copy: Sao d liu
6. Paste: Dn d liu
7. Undo: B lnh thc hin
8. Redo: Thc hin li lnh b
9. Find: Tm kim
10. Find Next: Tm kim tip
11. Print: In trang kha hc
12. Help: Tr gip

Thanh cng c ch (text toolbar)

Hnh 3.3: Thanh cng c ch

1. Font: La chn font ch
2. Font Size: La chn c ch

50
 3. Color: La chn mu ch
4. Bold: La chn ch in m
5. Italic: La chn ch nghing
6. Underline: La chn ch gch chn
7. Align Left: Canh l tri
8. Center: Canh l gia
9. Align Right: Canh l phi
10. Align Both: Canh l hai bn
11. Numbering: To danh sch c th t
12. Bullet: To danh sch khng c th t
13. Decrease Indent: Gim khong cch tht u dng
14. Increase Indent: Tng khong cch tht u dng
15. Hyperlink: To lin kt
16. Reference: Tham chiu
Thanh cng c chn (insert toolbar)

Hnh 3.4: Thanh cng c chn

1. Add Chapter: Thm chng
2. Add Section: Thm phn
3. Add Page: Thm mt trang
4. Add Test: Thm bi trc nghim
5. Add Test Section: Thm phn trong bi trc nghim
6. Add Question: Thm cu hi trc nghim
7. Add Text Block: Chn on vn bn
8. Add Image: Chn nh
9. Add Animation: Chn hot hnh

51
 10. Add Video: Chn Video
11. Add APIX: Chn nh
12. Add Audio: Chn m thanh
13. Add Button: Chn nt lnh
14. Add Table of Content: Chn cy th mc ni dung
15. Add Referece List: Chn danh sch tham chiu
16. Add Document: Chn mt tp tin vn bn
17. Add External HTML: Chn cc th HTML
18. Add Menu: Chn thanh thc n
19. Add Equation: Chn cng thc
20. Add Action: Chn cc hot ng.
Thanh cng c hin th ch lm vic (mode bar)

Hnh 3.5: Cng c hin th ch lm vic

1. Edit Mode: Ch son tho
2. Run Mode: Ch chy th
3. Preview Mode: Ch xem trc kha hc
Thanh cng c v (drawing toolbar)

Hnh 3.6: Cng c v

1. Shape Bar: Thanh cng c v cc hnh
2. Block Arrow Bar: Thanh cng c v cc mi tn
3. Triangle Bar: Thanh cng c v cc tam gic
4. Trapezoid Bar: Thanh cng c v cc hnh thang
5. Paralleologram Bar: Thanh cng c v cc hnh bnh hnh

3.2.2.8. Giao din vng son tho cc trang thng tin ca kha hc

52
 Hnh 3.7: Giao din trang u ca kha hc

3.2.2.9. Vng qun l cc i tng chn vo kha hc

Hnh 3.8: Qun l cc i tng

3.2.2.10. Cc bc to ra mt kha hc trong Lectora

53
Bc 1: La chn tab Title Wizard to kha hc t ng
Lectora cung cp sn 10 kiu giao din khc nhau cho kha hc. Trong v d
minh ha, kha hc mi c to ra thng qua kiu Aqua. Sau khi chn kiu giao
din cho kha hc, nhp OK

Hnh 3.9: La chn giao din kha hc

Bc 2: Nhp tiu kha hc, la chn th mc cha kha hc

Trong v d minh ha, tiu kha hc l Li luan day hoc Cong nghe. Khi
cn thay i th mc cha kha hc, nhp chut vo nt lnh Choose Folder. Nhp
chn nt lnh Next tip tc.

54
 Hnh 3.10: Nhp tiu cho kha hc

Bc 3: La chn kch thc trang thng tin

Nu chn Fixed page size, kch thc mc nh ca trang thng tin l 640x480.
C th thit k trang di hn nu chn mc Taller page with scrollbar. Nhp vo nt
lnh Next tip tc.

Hnh 3.11: La chn kch thc trang

Bc 4: La chn s chng trong kha hc

Lectora t to s chng trong kha hc. Trong bc ny, bn nhp s chng
ca kha hc. Khi hp chn Include test at end of Title c chn, phn trc nghim
s t ng c thm vo kha hc. Nhp tip nt lnh Next.

55
 Hnh 3.12: La chn cu trc kha hc
Bc 5: Nhp tn cc chng
Ty thuc vo s chng ca kha hc to ra bc trc, Lectora yu cu
nhp tn cho tng chng. Trong hnh minh ha, tn ca hai chng c nhp l:
Gii thiu v mn LLDH Cng ngh v Mn Cng ngh trng ph thng. Kt
thc bc ny, nhn vo nt lnh Finish hon tt vic to giao din v cu trc
kha hc.

Hnh 3.13: t tn chng

Bc 6: B sung thng tin v hon thin kha hc

Cc bc t 1 n 5 ch mi to ra giao din ca kha hc, cu trc kha hc
theo chng, mc ch cha c ni dung ca kha hc.

56
 Trong bc ny, cn tin hnh chnh sa giao din, cc tiu (nu cn thit);
thm cc trang vo chng, phn; a thng tin (vn bn, hnh nh, phim, m thanh,
hot hnh...) vo cc trang tng ng; to cc bi trc nghim ca kha hc...
Bc 7: Xut bn kha hc
Sau khi thit k hon chnh kha hc, Lectora cho php xut bn kha hc
di nhiu nh dng khc nhau nh:
Publish to single Executable File: ng gi kha hc thnh mt tp tin c phn
m rng l exe, chy c lp c trn cc h iu hnh Windows
Publish to CD-ROM: Xut bn ra a CD, t to Autorun m kha hc.
Publish to HTML: Xut bn di dng cc cc trang web c lin kt vi
nhau.
Publish to SCORM/Web-Based: ng gi theo chun SCORM, a ln h
thng qun l ni dng CMS (content management system).
3.2.3 Phn mm eXe

3.2.3.1 Gii thiu v eXe

eLearning XHTML editor (eXe) l mt cng c xy dng ni dung o to

(authoring) c thit k chy trn mi trng web gip cc gio vin v cc
hc vin trong vic thit k, pht trin v xut bn cc ti liu dy v hc trn web m
khng cn phi thnh tho v HTML, XML hay cc ng dng xut bn web.
Trong mi trng eXe, cc thng tin, ni dung, cc hot ng hc tp c nh
dng sn di dng cc iDevices (instructional device). Trong trng hp cn thit,
eXe cho php t xy dng cc iDevice mi ph hp vi tng ca ngi dng.

3.2.3.2 Giao din ca eXe

57
 Hnh 3.14: Giao din eXe
Giao din ca phn mm eXe kh n gin. N bao gm 3 vng ring bit vi cc
mc ch khc nhau trong tin trnh xy dng kha hc, l:
Vng Outline
y l vng lm vic cho php ngi s dng to ra cu trc ca kha hc theo
kch bn c thit k. Khi xut bn kha hc, ni dung cu trc kha hc s xut
hin phn bn tri mn hnh cho php ngi hc d dng duyt qua cc ni dung
trong ton b kha hc.
Vng iDevice
Vng ny bao gm mt tp cc phn t c cu trc c thit k sn theo
s phm m t ni dung hc tp nh mc tiu kha hc (objectives), kim tra kin
thc nn (pre-knowledge); to cc hot ng hc tp (nh hot ng c-reading
activites, nghin cu trng hp - case study, hot ng phn nh v suy ngm -
reflection, cc hot ng khc - activites); cc hot ng kim tra (in khuyt - cloze
activities, cu hi a la chn - multi-choice, cu hi nhiu p n ng - multi-
select); cung cp thng tin cho kha hc (ni dung ch - free text, th vin nh -
image galery, nh phng qua knh - image magnifier, trang web tham kho - external

58
web site, RSS..). Mt trang ni dung c th gm 1 hoc nhiu iDevice ty thuc vo
kch bn c thit k.
Vng Authoring
y l vng son tho ni dung chnh ca eXe cho mi trang trong kha hc.
chuyn ti trang cn son tho, nhp chut vo trang trong vng outline. Tip ,
a ni dung vo trang, nhp chut vo iDevice cn chn, mn hnh vng
Authoring s chuyn sang nh dng thit k sn cho iDevice nhp cc thng tin
c th cho kha hc.

3.2.3.3 Thit k cu trc kha hc

Vng outline cho php ta to cu trc kha hc thng qua cc thao tc thm trang, xa
trang, i tn trang, thay i th t trang, thay i cp mc cho cu trc kha
hc. C th
thm trang
- Bm chn v tr cn a vo cy cu trc
- Bm chn nt Add page
- Sau khi bm nt Add Page, cy cu trc s xut hin mt trang mi.
i tn trang
- Kch p chut vo nhnh cn i tn. Xut hin hp hi thoi.
- Nhp tn mi cho nhnh (trang) vo Enter the new name.
- Bm OK hon thnh vic i tn.
xa mt nhnh hay mt trang
- Kch chn nhnh, trang cn xo
- Kch chn nt Delete
- Bm chn OK xc nhn xo.
thay i v tr nhnh, trang trong cu trc
- thay i cp su ca mt nhnh, s dng cc nt tri, phi
- thay i v tr ca cc nhnh trong cng mt cp, s dng cc nt ln, xung
3.2.3.4 a ni dung vo cc trang

59
 Ni dung cc trang c xy dng hon ton thng qua cc iDevice (c sn
hoc t xy dng). Vic nhp thng tin da trn cc mu nh dng ca iDevice kh
n gin. Phn ny ch tp trung vo gii thiu chi tit v cc iDevice v kha cnh
chc nng s phm trong qu trnh thit k kha hc.
Activity (hot ng)
iDevice ny cho php to mt hot ng hc tp. Hot ng ny khng c
nh hng trc m do gio vin t xy dng bng cch nhp ni dung hot
ng hc tp vo mi trng son tho vn bn c to ra khi nhp chut vo
iDevice ny.
Attachment (nh km tp tin)
iDevice ny cho php nh km mt tp tin vo ni dung ca trang. iDevice ny
thng c s dng khi ngi dy mun ngi hc tham kho tp tin to
tnh hung, cung cp thng tin, v d, m phng...v ni dung cp m trong
mi trng eXe khng th hin c.
Case Study (nghin cu trng hp)
iDevice ny cho php a vo bi hc mt cu chuyn (cn gi l trng hp)
c lin quan n ni dung hc tp. Trn c s , thc hin mt nhim v hc
tp no . iDevice ny c dng nhiu trong cc ni dung i hi gii quyt
cc vn lin quan ti thc tin.
Cloze Activity (hot ng in khuyt)
iDevice ny cho php thc hin cc trc nghim in khuyt. N c th c s
dng nh l cch t vn , dn dt hay chim lnh kin thc thng qua hot
ng in khuyt hoc n gin ch l hot ng kim tra trng thi nhn thc
ca ngi hc.
External Website (trang web ngoi)
iDevice ny cho php to mt vng hin th mt trang web no ngay
trong trang ang son tho c ni dung cn tham kho. iDevice ny s c
dng nhiu khi kha hc c thit k c ni dung lin quan nhiu ti cc trang
web trn Internet. Cn lu , iDevice ny ch hot ng khi my tnh ang kt
ni vi Internet.
Free Text (hp ch)

60
 iDevice ny cho php to mt vn bn (cha ch n thun v c th thm mt
s hnh nh, ng lin kt). N c dng to cc thng bo, k hoch, cc
hng dn, cc ni dung ch khng trng vi cc iDevice khc.
Image Gallery (th vin hnh nh)
iDevice ny cho php to ra mt th vin nh trong trang. N c dng trong
cc trng hp minh ha ni dung hc tp, so snh, v d hay to tnh hung
hc tp...
Image Magnifier (xem nh qua knh lp)
iDevice ny cho php chn mt bc nh vo trang, s dng cng c l mt knh
lp (c thit k sn) xem v phng to cc phn khc nhau trn nh. N
thng c dng thc hin hot ng khm ph mt bc tranh c ni dung
phc tp hay c nhng yu t ha nh, quan trng nhng khng quan st
c...
Image with text (nh km ch)
iDevice ny cho php chn nh v ch vo trang ni dung.
Multi choice question (cu hi a la chn)
iDevice ny cho php to cu hi a la chn. Ty thuc vo ni dung ch m
iDevice ny s thc hin nhng chc nng khc nhau nh minh ha, v d, to
tnh hung, nu nhim v hc tp...
Objective (mc tiu)
iDevice ny cho php nhp mc tiu ca kha hc.
Preknowlege (kim tra kin thc nn)
iDevice ny cho php t cc cu hi kim tra kin thc nn ca hc vin
trc kha hc.
Reading Activity (hot ng c)
iDevice ny cho php to mt hot ng c. N gm c ni dung c; nhim
v cn thc hin sau khi c; tm tt nhng im chnh trong bi c, a ra
cc cu hi yu cu phn tch su hn v bi c.
Reflection (phn nh, suy ngm)
iDevice ny cho php a ra cc cu hi yu cu ngi hc suy ngm (phn
nh) v nhng g t c trong hc tp thng qua mt hot ng hc tp

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 hay mt ni dung no . N cn cho php ngi dy nhc li nhng g ngi
hc t c lm so snh vi nhn thc ca ngi hc trong qu trnh suy
ngm (phn nh).
Quiz (trc nghim)
iDevice ny cho php to cc bi trc nghim vi cc mc ch khc nhau trong
kha hc.
True - False Question (cu hi dng ng Sai)
iDevice ny cho php to cc cu trc nghim kiu ng Sai v c s dng
vi nhiu mc ch khc nhau trong kha hc.
Wikipedia Article (bi vit trn wikipedia)
iDevice ny cho php tra cu cc thut ng c xc nh trong bch khoa ton
th m (wikipedia) vi mc ch tham kho ni dung cho kha hc. Cn lu ,
iDevice ny ch hot ng khi my tnh ang kt ni vi Internet.

3.3 THC HNH

Ti v ci t Lectora dng th v to kha hc theo ng lin kt sau:

http://www.trivantis.com/uk/lectora-publisher
Ti v ci t eXe to kha hc theo lin kt sau:
http://exelearning.org

3.4 T NH GI

3.4.1 Hon thnh on vn sau y:

Courseware l mt ng dng cng ngh thng tin c s dng nh mt cng c hc
tp hay h tr qu trnh dy hc theo cch cung cp .................. i km vi nhng
......................... c thit k ................ m bo ngi hc c th ............... d
dng v t hiu qu cao nht vi s ............ ca cng ngh thng tin.
3.4.2. Khi chn mt nh vo trong mt phn, theo nguyn tc tha k, nh mc
nh s xut hin :
a. Tt c cc trang trong kha hc
b. Tt c cc phn trong kha hc
c. Trong phn v cc trang bn trong

62
3.4.3. Hy in s th t cho ng cc nt lnh ca phn mm Lectora

.......... Add Text Block: Chn on vn bn

.......... Add Question: Thm cu hi trc nghim
.......... Add Animation: Chn hot hnh
.......... Add Page: Thm mt trang
.......... Add Chapter: Thm chng
.......... Add Section: Thm phn
.......... Add Test Section: Thm phn trong bi trc nghim
.......... Add Test: Thm bi trc nghim
.......... Add Image: Chn nh
.......... Add Button: Chn nt lnh
.......... Add Document: Chn mt tp tin vn bn
.......... Add Table of Content: Chn cy th mc ni dung
.......... Add Equation: Chn cng thc
.......... Add APIX: Chn nh
.......... Add Audio: Chn m thanh
.......... Add Video: Chn video
.......... Add Referece List: Chn danh sch tham chiu
.......... Add External HTML: Chn cc th HTML
.......... Add Action: Chn cc hot ng.
.......... Add Menu: Chn thanh thc n
3.4.5 t tiu bng ting Anh cho cc iDevice c m t di y
.........................................
iDevice ny cho php thc hin cc trc nghim in khuyt. N c th c s
dng nh l cch t vn , dn dt hay chim lnh kin thc thng qua hot
ng in khuyt hoc n gin ch l hot ng kim tra trng thi nhn thc
ca ngi hc.

63
.........................................
iDevice ny cho php to mt vng hin th mt trang web no ngay
trong trang ang son tho c ni dung cn tham kho. iDevice ny s c
dng nhiu khi kha hc c thit k c ni dung lin quan nhiu ti cc trang
web trn Internet. Cn lu , iDevice ny ch hot ng khi my tnh ang kt
ni vi Internet.
.........................................
iDevice ny cho php to mt vn bn (cha ch n thun). N c dng
to cc thng bo, k hoch, cc hng dn, cc ni dung ch khng trng vi
cc iDevice khc.
.........................................
iDevice ny cho php to ra mt th vin nh trong trang. N c dng trong
cc trng hp minh ha ni dung hc tp, so snh, v d hay to tnh hung
hc tp...

3.5 TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Instructional Design for Online Learning at

http://www.pitt.edu/~poole/onlinelearning.html
2. Guide to Couse Development at
http://midsolutions.org/faculty_tools/course_design/course_index.html
3. Instructional Design for Online Leanring at
http://www.ibritt.com/resources/dc_instructionaldesign.htm
4. http://www.trivantis.org
5. http://exelearning.org

64
 PHN 4: BNG CH GII THUT NG

Analog
Mt tn hiu in t bin i dng lu tr v truyn d liu. Tng i kh
khn lu tr, x l v truyn d liu loi tng t. Tn hiu ny truyn dn
chm hn tn hiu s
Applet
Mt ng dng nh chy trn trnh duyt cho php thc hin c nhng chc
nng mi nh hot hnh
Application Software
Mt chng trnh phn mm cho php ngi dng thc hin cc nhim v c
th nh x l vn bn, th in t, k ton, qun l d liu
Asynchronous Learning
Qu trnh hc tp trong ngi hc v ngi dy khng ng thi trc tuyn,
nh th in t (email), tho lun nhm (discussion groups), cc kha hc c
lp (self-paced courses)
Bandwidth
l kh nng dn thng tin ca knh truyn thng. Bng thng cng ln th tc
truyn d liu cng nhanh.
BBS (bulletin board system)
mt h thng trn mt my ch c dng ng thng tin, tin hnh tho
lun, a ln v ti xung cc tp tin, tr chuyn hay cc dch v trc tuyn
khc. H thng ny thng c to phc v cho mt nhm ngi c cng
quan tm n mt ch no tho lun, hp tc, chia s nng cao hiu
bit ca cc thnh vin trong nhm.
Blended Learning
L s kt hp gia cc hot ng hc tp trc tuyn v gip mt nhm khai thc
ti a u im ca hai hnh tc dy hc ny.
Blog (Weblog)

65
 l mt trang nht k trn mng ng ti nhng ghi chp c theo cch suy
ngh ca ai , cc li bnh lun, c cp nht thng xuyn v thng th
hin quan im ca ngi to ra n
Broadband
Knh truyn dn c kh nng truyn ti ng thi nhiu tn hiu
Browser
l phn mm tng tc, truy cp v hin th thng tin trn Internet hoc tp tin
c to ra bi ngn ng HTML
CBT (Computer-Based Training)
Vic o to vi s h tr ca my tnh in t. Thut ng ny thng s dng
khi my tnh in t dng trong o to nhng khng kt ni mng
CD-ROM (compact disk read-only memory)
Mt thit b lu tr d liu s s dng cng ngh quang hc
Chat
Mt phng php giao tip trc tuyn s dng ch gi v nhn cc thng
ip
Courseware
Phn mm gio dc cung cp hc liu v nhng hng dn hc tp thng qua
my tnh
Delivery
Phng php phn pht thng tin ti ngi dng thng qua Internet, CD-ROM,
sch, ngi hng dn hay cc phng tin khc
Discussion Forums
Mt ni cho php mi ngi trao i thng tin v ch cng quan tm
Distance Education
Gio dc trong khng c s tip xc trc tip gia ngi dy v ngi hc
DSL (digital subscriber line)
L mt phng php truy cp Internet tc cao qua ng dy in thoi
DVD (digital versatile disk)

66
 Mt thit b lu tr d liu in t s dng cng ngh quang hc lu tr
thng tin di nh dng s v c kh nng lu tr ln hn rt nhiu so vi a
CDs
e-Learning
Mt hnh thc hc tp thng qua mng Internet di dng cc kha hc v
c qun l bi cc h thng qun l hc tp m bo s tng tc, hp tc
p ng nhu cu hc mi lc, mi ni ca ngi hc
Email
Vit tt ca electronic mail, l mt dch v trn Internet dng gi v nhn
th in t
Facilitator
l ngi hng dn c vai tr h tr, nh hng, v khuyn khch vic hc tp
trong khi hc tp trc tuyn
FAQ (frequently asked questions)
H thng cc cu hi, cu tr li thng gp nht v mt ch , sn phm hay
dch v no thng dnh cho nhng ngi cn cha c kin thc, kinh
nghim v n
File Server
My tnh dng lu tr, qun l tp tin, phn mm trn mt mng my tnh
gip ngi dng chia s thng tin v cc ngun ti nguyn khc
Firewall
phn mm hoc phn cng c thit k bo v my tnh hay mng my tnh
khi s truy cp tri php
FTP (file transfer protocol)
Mt giao thc trn Internet dng truyn tp tin gia hai my tnh. Phn ln
cc trnh duyt tch hp FTP ti ln v xung cc tp tin
Home page
Trang u khi m mt web site, thng cha ng cc lin kt ti cc trang
khc
Host

67
 Mt h thng my tnh trn mng phn phi v nhn thng tin t nhng my
tnh khc
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
M my tnh s dng to trang web v c hin th bi cc trnh duyt
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
Giao thc Internet s dng trao i thng tin trn dch v world wide web
Instructional Designer
Ngi a ra phng php v h thng phn pht ni dung kha hc
Interactive multimedia
cho php tng tc hai chiu vi hc liu a phng tin, vi my tnh khc,
hay ngi dng khc
Internet
Mng my tnh ton cu
Intranet
Mng my tnh ni b s hu bi mt cng hay mt t chc v ch truy cp
c t mt my tnh bn trong mng
LAN (local area network)
Mng my tnh cc b cho php giao tip v chia s thng tin v cc thit b
nh my in, modem
Link
on vn bn (thng c gch di) khi kch chut vo n s chuyn ti mt
ni dung thng tin tng ng
Multimedia
S kt hp gia knh ch, hnh, ting, mu sc trnh by thng tin theo cch
hp dn v sinh ng
Network
Nhm cc my tnh v thit b ngoi vi (my in, modem) kt ni vi nhau cho
php ngi dng khai thc, chia s thng tin v ti nguyn
Newsgroup

68
 Mt din n trao i thng tin ni ch gii v cc ch c th c ng
ti v chia s
Online
Kt ni vi Internet hay my tnh khc
Online learning
Thut ng miu t gio dc v o to din ra trc tuyn
Plug-in
Phn mm cho php trnh duyt thc hin c thm cc chc nng nh pht
m thanh, hin th phim, hay xem vn bn nh l mt chc nng tch hp ca
trnh duyt.
Portal
L im bt u chnh ca mt trang web hay cng thng tin trn Internet
Real-time communication
Truyn thng vi rt t hoc khng c tr; tng tc ng b
Rich content
Kha hc cht lng cao hay hc liu web, thng c th hin qua vic thit
k cng phu, tp trung vo vic hc
Self-paced learning
Vic hc c thc hin khng ng b qua CD-ROM hoc Internet m khng
c s hng dn. Ngi hc t nghin cu da trn cc hc liu ca kha hc.
Server
My tnh c kh nng lu tr ln cc tp tin, cc ng dng v cc ngun ti
nguyn khc
Simulations
S trnh din a phng tin tng tc, c thit k m hnh ha cc kch
bn tht v cho php ngi dng tham gia v tri nghim an ton
Software
M chng trnh my tnh cung cp cho my tnh vi nhng hng dn thc
hin mt cng vic c th no

69
Teleconferencing
Tho lun (knh hnh hoc knh ting, hoc c hai) c thc hin qua cc
knh vin thng nh in thoi, mng cc b, v Internet
URL (uniform resource locator)
a ch s dng xc nh mt trang hay mt tp tin trn Internet
User interface
Cc thnh phn ca h thng my tnh ngi dng tng tc vi my tnh, mn
hnh, bn phm, chut..
Video Conferencing
Truyn hnh trc tuyn gia 3 a im tr ln
Virtual classroom
l lp hc o, ni ngi hc, ngi dy tng tc trc tuyn trn mng
Virtual community
l cng ng o ni cng ng ngi trn mng Internet chia s s thch chung
WBT (web-based training)
Gio dc v o to da trn Internet v s dng trnh duyt
Web page
Tp tin HTML hay mt vn bn; mt phn ca web site
Web site
Mt nhm cc trang web c mi lin h bao gm c trang ch
WWW (World Wide Web)
L h thng thng tin mng c th truy cp, mt hin thn ca kin thc loi
ngi

70
 Tc gi chnh
- Ph gio s L Huy Hong- Ging vin trng i hc S phm H Ni
- L Xun Quang, Ths- Ging vin trng i hc s phm H Ni

71