Luan Van Ve E-Learning

TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN
KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

B MN H THNG THNG TIN
L TH KIM PHNG 0112066
TI
KHA LUN C NHN TIN HC
GIO VIN HNG DN

DEA. BI MINH T DIM
TP.HCM NM 2005
Kha lun: T chc v xy dng bi ging cho chng trnh o to t xa
TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN
B MN H THNG THNG TIN
L TH KIM PHNG 0112066
TI
KHA LUN C NHN TIN HC
GIO VIN HNG DN

DEA. BI MINH T DIM
NIN KHA 2001 - 2005
GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 2 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn
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Tp H Ch Minh, ngy thng 7 nm 2005
DEA. Bi Minh T Dim

Nhn xt ca gio vin phn bin
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Tp H Ch Minh, ngy thng 7 nm 2005
Thy L c Duy Nhn

Li cm n
Li u tin em xin chn thnh cm n c Bi Minh T Dim, ngi trc tip
hng dn em hon thnh lun vn ny. Nu khng c nhng li ch dn, nhng
ti liu, nhng li ng vin khch l ca C th lun vn ny kh lng hon
thin c.
Em cng xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c trong khoa Cng ngh thng tin
tn tnh ch bo v gip cho em trong sut thi gian em hc i hc v trong
qu trnh em thc hin lun vn.
Con xin chn thnh cm n ba m, cc anh ch v nhng ngi thn trong gia
nh nui dy, to mi iu kin tt nht cho con hc tp v ng vin con
trong thi gian thc hin lun vn.
V cui cng, ti xin cm n tt c bn b ti, nhng ngi st cnh cng vui
nhng nim vui, cng chia s nhng kh khn ca ti, nht l cc bn Phan Th
Minh Chu, Trng Hong Cng v H Thanh Nguyn ng vin tinh thn
v nhit tnh h tr cho ti cc cng c trong qu trnh ti thc hin lun vn
ny.
Tp. H Ch Minh, thng 07 nm 2003

L Th Kim Phng 0112066

Li m u
Tri qua rt nhiu nm nay, phng thc qun l o to theo kiu truyn thng cho
thy s ng gp khng th chi ci trong vic ci thin cht lng ging dy v hc
tp. Tuy nhin, cng vi xu hng pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin v cc phng
tin truyn thng, chnh phng thc cng bc l mt s yu km nh hng n
vic truyn t v tip thu ni dung kin thc, trong c th k n vic qun l h
s khng t hiu qu cao, ni dung cc gio trnh, sch gio khoa thng kh c th
cp nht kp thi, hnh thc bi ging khng to nn c s hng th hc tp cho hc
vin, vic tra cu ti ch cc ti liu tham kho rt hn ch v mt nhiu thi gian,
iu mang li hiu qu hc tp khng cao m chi ph cho o to v hc tp li ln,
dn n s lng ph khng nh c v thi gian, tin bc.
Nhn thc c nhng vn trn, cng tc gio dc o to c nhiu thay i, ci
tin vi cc hnh thc hc tp mi khc phc nhng nhc im ca phng php hc
tp truyn thng. eLearning, c hiu l hc tp in t, o to trc tuyn, vi s tr
gip ca cc cng ngh mi nht trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin, l hnh thc hc
tp ha hn s khc phc tt nhng nhc im ca phng php hc tp truyn thng.
eLearning c th nghim v bc u hon chnh nhiu ni trn th gii.
Kha lun T chc v xy dng cho chng trnh o to t xa ng nh tn gi
ca n, s to ra mt cng c cho php gio vin son tho bi ging v th hin
nhng bi ging ny thng qua giao din web da trn m ngun m JAXE to
cng c cho ging vin son bi, h thng c s d liu hc tp XML c xy dng
theo chun SCORM, v c ng gi bi Reload Editor tr thnh cc gi SCOs,
c kh nng ti s dng, tch hp trn cc h thng qun l hc tp Moodle.
y l mc ch chnh cn t c trong kha lun
Kha lun T chc v xy dng cho chng trnh o to t xa bao gm cc ni
dung sau:
Phn 1: Nghin cu kho st mt s c s l thuyt
Chng 1. Tng quan: t vn , tnh hnh pht trin eLearning trn th
gii v Vit Nam. Mc tiu ca lun vn.
Chng 2. eLearning: Chng ny s gii thiu v nhng kin thc, thng
tin c bn ca h thng eLearning bng cch trnh by nh ngha v
eLearning, cc thnh phn c bn ca eLearning v mt s vn quan trng
lin quan n cc thnh phn ca h thng eLearning.
Chng 3. Learning Object (LO) v SCORM: Chng ny s trnh by v
LO, chun SCORM, cch ng gi LOs thnh cc SCOs. V d thc nghim
cch ng gi ny vi cng c ng gi Reload Editor.
Chng 4. LMS v Moodle: Trnh by v h thng Qun l o to v v d
thc nghim trn h thng qun l hc tp Moodle.
Phn 2: Thc nghim:

Chng 1. Gio trnh trc tuyn: trnh by mt s khi nim lin quan n
gio trnh trc tuyn, m t cu trc ca gio trnh trc tuyn v hng dn
quy trnh thc hin mt gio trnh trc tuyn trn c s l thuyt.
Chng 2: Thit k cng c bin son gio trnh trc tuyn: gii thiu v
m ngun m JAXE, m t cu trc gio trnh trc tuyn trong cng c bin
son JAXE qua tp tin G3T.xsd. Cch trnh by th hin mt gio trnh trn
web.
Chng 3: Tng kt: bao gm cc nh gi v phn tm hiu v phn thc
nghim. Hng pht trin.

Mc lc
Li cm n......................................................................................................................5
Li m u .....................................................................................................................6
Mc lc ...........................................................................................................................8
Danh sch cc hnh ......................................................................................................12
Danh sch cc bng .....................................................................................................13
PHN 1. NGHIN CU KHO ST MT S C S L THUYT .............. 14
CHNG 1. TNG QUAN.................................................................................. 14
1.1. t vn ................................................................................................... 14
1.2. Tnh hnh pht trin eLearning: .................................................................. 14
1.2.1. Trn th gii: ....................................................................................... 14
1.2.2. Vit Nam:......................................................................................... 15
1.3. Mc tiu ca lun vn: ................................................................................ 16
1.3.1. Phn nghin cu kho st mt s c s l thuyt: .............................. 16
1.3.2. Phn thc nghim: ............................................................................... 16
1.3.3. ng gp ca lun vn ........................................................................ 17
CHNG 2. ELEARNING................................................................................... 18
2.1. nh ngha eLearning.................................................................................. 18
2.2. Kin trc h thng eLearning: .................................................................... 18
2.3. nh gi u im khuyt im ca eLearning ........................................ 19
2.3.1. u im: .............................................................................................. 19
2.3.2. Khuyt im: ....................................................................................... 20
2.4. So snh gia cc phng php hc tp truyn thng v phng php
eLearning:.............................................................................................................. 21
2.4.1. Cc phng php hc tp truyn thng .............................................. 21
2.4.2. Phng php eLearning: ..................................................................... 23
CHNG 3. LEARNING OBJECTs, IMS, METADATA & SCORM .............. 24
3.1. Learning Objects (LOs): ............................................................................. 24
3.1.1. Gii thiu:............................................................................................ 24
3.1.2. Learning Objects: ................................................................................ 24
3.1.2.1. Thuc tnh ca LO:....................................................................................25

3.1.2.2. c im ca LOs: ....................................................................................25

3.1.2.3. Mt s yu cu chc nng: ........................................................................26
3.2. Khi qut v IMS: ....................................................................................... 26
3.2.1. Gii thiu:............................................................................................ 26
3.2.2. Cc c t ca IMS:............................................................................. 26
3.3. Metadata...................................................................................................... 27
3.4. Chun SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model): .................. 28
3.4.1. Khi qut v SCORM:......................................................................... 28
3.4.2. Chun ng gi ni dung trong SCORM ............................................ 29
3.4.3. Dng ng gi SCOs: .......................................................................... 30
3.5. Cng c ng gi RELOAD EDITOR: ...................................................... 31
3.5.1. Cch ng gi mt bi hc, mn hc:................................................. 32
3.5.2. M hnh ca mt LO c ng gi bi RELOAD:........................... 39
CHNG 4. LMS V MOODLE ........................................................................ 41
4.1. Gii thiu v cc h LMS: .......................................................................... 41
4.1.1. nh ngha: .......................................................................................... 41
4.1.2. c im:............................................................................................. 41
4.1.3. Chc nng:........................................................................................... 42
4.2. LMS Moodle:.............................................................................................. 42
4.2.1. Ci t:................................................................................................. 42
T4.2.2. TGiao din: .......................................................................................... 43
4.2.3. Chc nng............................................................................................ 43
4.2.4. M ngun v cc thnh phn ph tr .................................................. 44
4.2.5. Cch thm mi mt Course trong Moodle: ......................................... 44
PHN 2. THC NGHIM..................................................................................... 51
CHNG 1. GIO TRNH TRC TUYN........................................................ 51
1.1. Mt s khi nim: ....................................................................................... 51
1.2. Cu trc ca gio trnh trc tuyn:.............................................................. 51
1.2.1. Cu trc:............................................................................................... 51
1.2.2. Cc yu cu v hng dn thc hin gio trnh trc tuyn:................ 53
1.3. Cng c son bi ging, gio trnh trc tuyn: ........................................... 55
1.4. Cch trnh by, th hin bi ging gio trnh trn web v li ch:.............. 55

CHNG 2. THIT K CNG C BIN SON GIO TRNH TRC

TUYN 57
2.1. Cng c bin son gio trnh trc tuyn cho chng trnh o to t xa:.. 57
2.1.1. M ngun m JAXE:........................................................................... 57
2.1.1.1. Gii thiu JAXE v cc ch :...................................................................57
2.1.1.2. Cc h tr ca JAXE: ................................................................................57
2.2. Ba tp tin .xsd, _Jaxe_cfg.xml, .xsl ............................................................ 58
2.2.1. Tp tin XML Shema G3T.xsd: ......................................................... 58
2.2.1.1. Thnh phn scoMonHoc: ...........................................................................59
2.2.1.2. Thnh phn scoTenMonHoc:.....................................................................59
2.2.1.3. Thnh phn scoBaiGiang:..........................................................................60
2.2.1.4. Thnh phn scoTenBaiGiang.....................................................................60
2.2.1.5. Thnh phn scoTrang:................................................................................61
2.2.1.6. Thnh phn scoDoanVan:..........................................................................62
2.2.1.7. Thnh phn scoTomTat: ............................................................................62
2.2.1.8. Thnh phn vn:...........................................................................................63
2.2.1.9. TNhm(Group) text: ..................................................................................63
T2.2.1.10. Thnh phn GioiThieu: ..............................................................................64
2.2.1.11. Thnh phn MucTieu:................................................................................65
2.2.1.12. Thnh phn TacGia:...................................................................................65
2.2.1.13. Thnh phn KienThucYeuCau: .................................................................66
2.2.1.14. Thnh phn TaiLieuThamKhao:................................................................67
2.2.1.15. Thnh phn KetLuan:.................................................................................67
2.2.1.16. Thnh phn NgayBienSoan: ......................................................................68
2.2.1.17. Thnh phn ThoiLuong:.............................................................................68
2.2.1.18. Thnh phn scoBaiTap: .............................................................................69
2.2.1.19. Thnh phn scoDoKho: .............................................................................69
2.2.1.20. Thnh phn scoThoiLuong: .......................................................................70
2.2.1.21. Thnh phn scoCauHoi:.............................................................................70
2.2.1.22. Thnh phn scoTroGiup: ...........................................................................71
2.2.1.23. Thnh phn scoDapAn:..............................................................................71
2.2.1.24. Thnh phn hinhanh...................................................................................72

2.2.1.25. Thnh phn FICHIER: ...............................................................................72

2.2.1.26. Thnh phn lienket:....................................................................................73
2.2.1.27. Thnh phn chuthich..................................................................................74
2.2.1.28. Thnh phn link: ........................................................................................74
2.2.1.29. Thnh phn vungbang:...............................................................................75
2.2.1.30. Thnh phn bang:.......................................................................................75
2.2.1.31. Cc thnh phn loi mc: ......................................................................75
2.2.1.32. Thnh phn congthuc .................................................................................76
2.2.1.33. Cc thnh phn nh dng vn bn: ...........................................................76
2.3. Cch trnh by, th hin bi ging gio trnh trn web:.............................. 77
CHNG 3. TNG KT:..................................................................................... 79
3.1. nh gi: ..................................................................................................... 79
3.1.1. V phn nghin cu kho st mt s c s l thuyt: ......................... 79
3.1.2. V phn thc nghim:.......................................................................... 79
3.2. Hng pht trin: ........................................................................................ 80
Ti liu tham kho ......................................................................................................... 81

Danh sch cc hnh

Hnh 1-1. Cc chc nng ca gio vin........................................................................23
Hnh 1-2. Cc chc nng ca h thng eLearning .......................................................24
Hnh 3-1. IMS...............................................................................................................27
Hnh 3-2. SCORM........................................................................................................29
Hnh 3-3. Cu trc mt gi ni dung mc quan nim...............................................31
Hnh 3-4. Cu trc mt SCO ........................................................................................32
Hnh 3-5. RELOAD Editor...........................................................................................32
Hnh 3-6. Giao din RELOAD Editor..........................................................................33
Hnh 3-7. Th mc testRE............................................................................................34
Hnh 3-8. ContentPackage testReloadEditor Bc 2 .............................................35
Hnh 3-9. ContentPackage testReloadEditor Bc 3 .............................................36
Hnh 3-10. ContentPackage testReloadEditor Bc 41 .........................................37
Hnh 3-11. ContentPackage testReloadEditor Bc 42 .........................................38
Hnh 3-12. ContentPackage testReloadEditor Bc 5 ...........................................39
Hnh 3-13. ContentPackage testReloadEditor Bc 6 ...........................................40
Hnh 3-14. Cu trc ca mt Lo c ng gi bi RELOAD Editor ........................41
Hnh 3-1. Moodel .........................................................................................................43
Hnh 3-2. Giao din Moodle.........................................................................................46
Hnh 3-3. Thm mn hc trong Moodle.......................................................................47
Hnh 3-4. Giao din qun l mt mn hc trong Moodle ............................................48
Hnh 3-5. Thm ni dung SCORM mi .......................................................................49
Hnh 3-6. Upload file....................................................................................................49
Hnh 3-7. Cc tp tin v th mc lin quan ni dung hc tp......................................50
Hnh 3-8. Bi hc .........................................................................................................51
Hnh 1-1. Cu trc gio trnh trc tuyn ......................................................................53
Hnh 1-2. th kin thc............................................................................................56
Hnh 2-1. Giao din gio trnh trc tuyn ....................................................................79

Danh sch cc bng

Thnh phn scoMonHoc: .............................................................................................59
Thnh phn scoTenMonHoc: .......................................................................................59
Thnh phn scoBaiGiang: ............................................................................................60
Thnh phn scoTenBaiGiang .......................................................................................61
Thnh phn scoTrang: ..................................................................................................61
Thnh phn scoDoanVan: ............................................................................................62
Thnh phn scoTomTat:...............................................................................................62
Thnh phn vn: .............................................................................................................63
Nhm(Group) text: .......................................................................................................63
Thnh phn GioiThieu:.................................................................................................64
Thnh phn MucTieu: ..................................................................................................65
Thnh phn TacGia: .....................................................................................................66
Thnh phn KienThucYeuCau:....................................................................................66
Thnh phn TaiLieuThamKhao: ..................................................................................67
Thnh phn KetLuan: ...................................................................................................67
Thnh phn NgayBienSoan:.........................................................................................68
Thnh phn ThoiLuong: ...............................................................................................68
Thnh phn scoBaiTap:................................................................................................69
Thnh phn scoDoKho:................................................................................................69
Thnh phn scoThoiLuong:..........................................................................................70
Thnh phn scoCauHoi: ...............................................................................................70
Thnh phn scoTroGiup:..............................................................................................71
Thnh phn scoDapAn: ................................................................................................71
Thnh phn hinhanh .....................................................................................................72
Thnh phn FICHIER: .................................................................................................72
Thnh phn chuthich ....................................................................................................73
Thnh phn link:...........................................................................................................74
Thnh phn vungbang: .................................................................................................75
Thnh phn congthuc ...................................................................................................76

PHN 1.NGHIN CU KHO ST

MT S C S L THUYT
CHNG 1. TNG QUAN
1.1. t vn
Trong nhng nm gn y, cm t o to t xa v ang tr nn gn gi vi tt
c mi ngi. o to t xa l mt phng thc hc tp phn tn, thng qua cc
phng tin truyn thng nh radio, truyn hnh v internet, Phng php hc tp
ny p ng cho nhu cu hc tp hc tp tch ly kin thc ca tt c mi ngi, ng
thi s em li nhng li ch to ln, tit kim c thi gian, cng sc v tin bc,
ng thi cng nng cao cht lng truyn t v tip thu kin thc cho cc hc vin.
Trong thi i bng n cng ngh thng tin hin nay, phng thc o to theo
phng php eLearning c rt nhiu u th pht trin. l nh vo s pht trin
mnh n ca cng ngh thng tin v cc loi truyn thng a phng tin. Phng
php hc tp eLearning trn c s ng dng cng ngh thng tin cng vi cc loi
truyn thng a phng tin vo vic dy v hc s l mt xu hng tt yu trong gio
dc v o to ca th k 21.
eLearning lm gim chi ph, thi gian v cng sc hc tp, gip nng cao hiu qu tip
thu kin thc cho cc hc vin trn c s s dng nn web v cc a phng tin
truyn thng nh hnh nh, m thanh, video,
Yu t chnh gp phn lm nn hiu qu to ln ca phng php hc tp eLeaning l
bi ging gio trnh trc tuyn. V vy yu cu t ra l phi c mt cng c bin son
bi ging gip cho cc gio vin c th son tho cc bi ging, gio trnh trc
tuyn ca mnh theo ng mt cu trc bi ging ra sao cho bi ging sau khi
bin son xong c th ng gi li thnh cc gi ni dung (SCOs) da trn chun
SCORM (Sharable Content Obbject Reference Model), c kh nng ti s dng v tch
hp trn cc h thng qun l hc tp nh Moodle.
1.2. Tnh hnh pht trin eLearning:

1.2.1. Trn th gii:
Nhn thy c nhng hiu qu to ln t eLearning, cc nh gio dc trn th gii
tch cc u t, nghin cu cho cc chng trnh hc tp, xy dng cc m ngun m
nh h thng qun l o to (Learning Managerment System: LMS) v h thng qun
l ni dung hc tp (Learning Content Managerment System) , cng c ng gi ni
dung hc tp,
M v cc nc Chu u l nhng nc tin phong, i u v c nhng chng

trnh, d n u t vo phng php hc tp eLeaning nhm thc y s pht trin o

to trc tuyn trong cc t chc v cc trng i hc.
Ti chu , eLearning ang trong tnh trng s khai, cha c nhiu thnh cng v mt
s l do nh cc quy tc lut l bo th, s a chung o to truyn thng ca vn
ha Chu , c s h tng ngho nn v nn kinh t lc hu. Tuy vy ch l nhng
ro cn tm thi, do nhu cu o to chu lc ny ang tr nn ngy cng khng th
p ng c bi cc c s gio dc truyn thng buc cc quc gia Chu ang dn
phi tha nhn tim nng to ln m eLearning mang li.
1.2.2. Vit Nam:

Cc nh gio dc Vit Nam cng tht s mong mun xy dng c cc chng
trnh o to t xa theo phng thc hc tp eLearning gp phn p ng nhu cu
hc tp ti ch ca ng o cc hc vin.
Th gii pht trin o to eLearning hn 10 nm nay, Vit Nam cng c nhng
nhm quan tm, pht trin eLearning ti mt s trng i hc, cc c quan hc vin
v mt s cng ty pht trin CNTT . Cc nghin cu v pht trin tp trung vo vic
pht trin ni dung, hc tp trn nn tng eLearning, cng tc vi nc ngoi trong
lnh vc eLearning, pht trin mt h LMS v LCMS v s dng li h thng m
ngun m LMS/LCMS pht trin mt s h thng Vit Nam.
Mt trong nhng k hoch ln ca B Gio dc v o to n nm 2008 l xy dng
mng gio dc EduNet. y l mt n ln vi kinh ph trin khai ln. n chia
thnh 4 phn: xy dng h tng c s (gm h tng vin thng quc gia v h tng ca
tng n v); pht trin ni dung (gm ni dung kha hc, ti liu dy hc), cc kha
hc trc tuyn v trn CDROM; o to cn b chuyn gia; lin kt cc trng Cao
ng v i hc vi nhau. n EduNet ha hn s mang n mt hi th mi cho
ngnh gio dc.
D n CNTT kt hp gia chnh ph Nht v Vit Nam nhm bi dng nng cao
trnh cho cc k s CNTT Vit Nam v cung cp mt nn tng v iu kin cho
vic pht trin eLearning tp trung vo pht trin cc h LCMS v ni dung do trung
tm h tr o to v kim tra cht lng CNTT Vit Nam (VITEC) ra i vo nm
2000 ph trch, ang trong giai on pht trin v c kh nng s a li nhng li ch
to ln cho h thng eLearning trong tng lai.
Mt s trung tm pht trin eLearning ng ch khc nh trung tm pht trin CNTT
ca i hc Quc gia Thnh ph H Ch Minh (CITD: Center for Information
Technology Development) (ra i nm 2000) vi hn 14 d n nghin cu v hot
ng c hiu qu trong lnh vc hc tp qua mng. Trung tm ny bao gm cc
chng trnh o to: o to sau i hc, H c nhn 1 qua mng, h c nhn 2 qua
mng v chuyn vin cng ngh thng tin ; Trung tm CNC (Communication Network
Center); v NCS (New Century Soft).
i hc Quc gia H Ni cng ang nghin cu v trin khai mt d n ln, l d
n "u t xy dng h tng k thut CNTT, pht trin cng ngh phn mm, i mi
phng php ging dy v hc tp, xy dng m hnh i hc in t". D on nu
d n thnh cng s c em p dng cho ton b i hc Quc gia H Ni v c th

c s dng cc trng i hc khc nhm nng cao cht lng o to v tin kp
vi s pht trin trn ton th gii. Do cn mt s vn v mt kinh ph (c tnh
kinh ph trin khai d n ln ti hng triu USD) v i ng nn d n n nay vn
cha c thc hin.
Ni chung s pht trin eLearning ti Vit Nam mi ch trong giai on khi u, cc
ng dng trin khai cn rt t, u mc th nghim. Cc vn ln gp phi
y l cc chun v eLearning cha c, c s h tng CNTT cn yu km, cc quy
tc/lut nh cho vic pht trin eLearning cn cha ph hp, cc vn v bn
quyn,, c bit l vic u t v h tr kinh ph cha c s quan tm ca Nh
nc v Chnh ph. Trong tng lai nhng vn ny cn c ci thin v khc phc.
1.3. Mc tiu ca lun vn:

Phng thc hc tp theo phng php eLearning hiu theo ngha y th n bao
gm cc h thng qun l o to (Learning Managerment System: LMS), h thng
qun l ni dung hc tp (Learning Content Managerment System) trong bao gm
cc ni dung bi ging, cc bi kim tra, nh gi kh nng tip thu kin thc ca cc
hc vin, cc lp hc o, cc din n trao i,
Trong phm vi ti ca kha lun T chc v xy dng bi ging cho chng trnh
o to t xa em ch quan tm n cc vn sau: t chc cu trc ca bi ging gio
trnh trc tuyn, cng c bin son bi ging theo ng cu trc ny. ng gi bi
ging v tch hp chng ln mt h qun l hc tp c th.
1.3.1. Phn nghin cu kho st mt s c s l thuyt:

Trong phm vi ca kha lun ny, em tm hiu cc vn v eLearning, Learning
Objects, chun SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Modle) h tr cho vic
ng gi ni dung cc bi ging, cng c ng gi bi ging RELOAD, cc gi ni
dung SCOs (Sharable Content Objects). Tip s tm hiu h thng qun l o to
(Learning Managerment System LMS) m c th l Moodle hiu c cc yu
cu v cc c t cn thit cn phi c cho mt gio trnh trc tuyn theo ng cc
chun do IMS (Instructional Management System) Global Learning Consortium v
chun SCORM do ADL (Advanced Distributed Learning ) a ra.
Sau , em s a ra cch t chc cu trc bi ging ca gio trnh trc tuyn v cng
c bin son bi ging v ng gi cc bi ging ny thnh cc gi ni dung, v cui
cng l tch hp chng ln Moodle.
1.3.2. Phn thc nghim:

Phn ny em s t chc cu trc bi ging gio trnh trc tuyn bao gm y cc
thnh phn cn thit trong mt gio trnh thng thng, thm vo l cc thnh phn
ng dng cng ngh thng tin v cc loi truyn thng a phng tin nh vn bn,
hnh nh, m thanh, video; Cc ging trong bi ging ny c kh nng ti s dng
cc ging c trc trong cng mt mn hc hoc cc mn hc khc. Ngoi ra,
sau khi kt thc mi bi ging, mn hc th s c cc bi kim tra trc nghim vi cc

cu hi c mt la chn v cu hi c nhiu la chn. Sau da trn m ngun m
JAXE to ra cng c bin son gio trnh trc tuyn da trn cu trc ca bi ging
ra. Sau s dng cng c ng gi RELOAD Editor ng gi cc bi ging
ny thnh cc gi ni dung SCOs c kh nng ti s dng v tch hp chng ln
Moodle.
1.3.3. ng gp ca lun vn
a ra c cu trc bi ging gio trnh trnh trc tuyn c y cc thnh phn
tng t nh mt gio trnh thng thng, km theo cc thnh phn khc bit r nt
vi gio trnh thng thng l m thanh, hnh nh , flash.
Da trn m ngun m JAXE, em pht trin JAXE thnh mt cng c bin son bi
ging theo ng cu trc bi ging gio trnh trc tuyn ra, bng cch xy dng
cc tp tin XML Schema( .xsd), ti liu XML (.xml) v tp tin XSLT (.xsl).
Bi ging son tho trn cng c son tho JAXE ny s c cu trc ca mt gio trnh
trc tuyn, ni dung bao gm vn bn, hnh nh, m thanh, flash. Bi ging dc th
hin trn nn web, trnh by p mt. Cc ging c th hin trong mt trang mn
hnh v chng c kh nng ti s dng bng cch lin kt n cc ging trc
hoc cc mn hc khc.

CHNG 2. ELEARNING
2.1. nh ngha eLearning
eLearning l ng dng cng ngh thng tin, internet vo vic dy v hc nhm lm
cho cng vic gio dc tr nn d dng, rng ri v hiu qu hn. eLearning ph hp
vi mi i tng, la tui. [1,2,3]
eLearning l tp hp a dng cc phng tin, cng ngh k thut cho gio dc nh
vn bn, m thanh, hnh nh, m phng, tr chi, phim, th in t, cc din n tho
lun, cc forum [1,2,3]
Ngoi ra, to ra cc kha hc eLearning tht gn gi vi phng php dy hc
truyn thng, trong phng php dy v hc eLearning cn c cc gio vin trong lp
hc, cc kha hc t tng tc, cc din n trao i gia cc hc vin, gio vin vi
s gim st ca gio vin
eLearning cung cp ni dung o to trn nn Web c th c cp nht, pht hnh
tc thi v thng nht ton cu. [1,2,3]
eLearning cung cp nhiu cng ngh khc nhau thit lp mt gii php o to
tng th. Phng php m phng v nhng bi tp, bi kim tra sau khi kt thc bi
hc, chng, phn, kha hc cho php hc vin t kim tra, nh gi kt qu hc tp
v k nng ca mnh. [1,2,3]
H thng eLearning c xy dng trn cc h thng qun tr c gi l h qun l
o to (Learning Management System), vit tt l LMS, gip hc vin v ngi
qun l theo di tin trnh hc tp.
H thng qun tr eLearning - khi s dng kt hp vi cc thnh phn cung cp chc
nng v nhng hot ng d on hin trng hc tp ca mt c nhn c th gip
chn on nhng l hng k nng, kin thc v k toa pht trin cc hot ng
mt cch chuyn nghip, lin kt nhng s kin hc tp vi nhng kinh nghim da
trn cng vic. C nhn hc vin c th gim st nhng tin b v xc nh nhng
bc tip theo trong s pht trin hc tp chuyn nghip ca mnh. Phm vi ca nhng
ti nguyn hc tp nhng mc ch ca mi c nhn, nhng s giao tip trc tuyn
ca cc hc vin ang tham gia kha hc, cc gio vin ging dy v nhng nh c vn
chuyn nghip,... tr nn c gi tr ti nhng thi im v a im m cn thit.
2.2. Kin trc h thng eLearning:

Nn tng ca h thng o to trc tuyn chnh l phn phi ni dung kha hc t
ging vin n hc vin v phn hi nhng ghi nhn v qu trnh tham gia ca hc
vin v h thng.
N c th c phn chia thnh 2 phn, Qun l o to (LMS: Learning
Managerment System) v Qun l ni dung hc (LCMS: Learning Content

Managerment System).
Qun l o to (LMS): Qun l vic ng k kha hc ca hc vin, tham gia
cc chng trnh c s hng dn ca ging vin, tham d cc hot ng a
dng mang tnh tng tc trn my tnh v thc hin cc bng nh gi. Hn
th na, LMS cng gip cc nh qun l v ging vin thc hin cc cng vic
kim tra, gim st, thu nhn kt qu hc tp, bo co ca hc vin v nng cao
hiu qu vic ging dy.
Qun l ni dung hc (LCMS): Qun l cch thc cp nht, qun l v phn
phi kha hc mt cch linh hot. Ngi thit k ni dung chng trnh hc c
th s dng LCMS sp xp, chnh sa v a ln cc kha hc/chng
trnh. H thng LCMS s dng c ch chia s ni dung kha hc trong mi
trng hc tp chung, cho php nhiu ngi s dng c th truy cp n cc
kha hc v trnh c s trng lp trong vic phn b cc kha hc v tit
kim c khng gian lu tr. Cng vi s ra i ca truyn thng a phng
tin, LCMS cng h tr cc dch v lin quan m thanh v hnh nh, a cc
ni dung giu hnh nh v m thanh vo mi trng hc tp.
2.3. nh gi u im khuyt im ca eLearning

2.3.1. u im:
eLearning c mt s u im vt tri so vi loi hnh o to truyn thng.
eLearning kt hp c u im tng tc gia hc vin, gio vin ca hnh thc hc
trn lp ln s linh hot trong vic t xc nh thi gian, kh nng tip thu kin thc
ca hc vin.
i vi ni dung hc tp:
H tr cc "i tng hc" theo yu cu, c nhn ha vic hc. Ni dung hc tp
c phn chia thnh cc i tng tri thc ring bit theo tng lnh vc,
ngnh ngh r rng. iu ny to ra tnh mm do cao hn, gip cho hc vin c
th la chn nhng kha hc ph hp vi nhu cu hc tp ca mnh. Hc vin c
th truy cp nhng i tng ny qua cc ng dn c xc nh trc, sau
s t to cho mnh cc k hoch hc tp, thc hnh, hay s dng cc phng
tin tm kim tm ra cc ch theo yu cu.
Ni dung mn hc c cp nht, phn phi d dng, nhanh chng. Vi nhp
pht trin nhanh chng ca trnh k thut cng ngh, cc chng trnh o to
cn c thay i, cp nht thng xuyn ph hp vi thng tin, kin thc ca
tng giai on pht trin ca thi i. Vi phng thc o to truyn thng v
nhng phng thc o to khc, mun thay i ni dung bi hc th cc ti liu
phi c sao chp li v phn b li cho tt c cc hc vin. i vi h thng
eLearning, vic hon ton n gin v cp nht ni dung mn hc ch cn
sao chp cc tp tin c cp nht t mt my tnh a phng (hoc cc phng
tin khc) ti mt my ch. Tt c hc vin s c c phin bn mi nht trong

my tnh trong ln truy cp sau. Hiu qu tip thu bi hc ca hc vin c

nng ln vt bc v hc vin c th hc vi nhng gio vin tt nht, ti liu
mi nht cng vi giao din web hc tp p mt vi cc hnh nh ng, vui
nhn
i vi hc vin:
H thng eLearning h tr hc theo kh nng c nhn, theo thi gian biu t lp
nn hc vin c th chn phng php hc thch hp cho ring mnh. Hc vin
c th ch ng thay i tc hc cho ph hp vi bn thn, gim cng thng
v tng hiu qu hc tp. Bn cnh , kh nng tng tc, trao i vi nhiu
ngi khc cng gip vic hc tp c hiu qu hn.
i vi gio vin:
Gio vin c th theo di hc vin d dng. eLearning cho php d liu c t
ng lu li trn my ch, thng tin ny c th c thay i v pha ngi truy
cp vo kha hc. Gio vin c th nh gi cc hc vin thng qua cch tr li
cc cu hi kim tra v thi gian tr li nhng cu hi . iu ny cng gip
gio vin nh gi mt cch cng bng hc lc ca mi hc vin.
i vi vic o to ni chung:
eLearning gip gim chi ph hc tp. Bng vic s dng cc gii php hc tp
qua mng, cc t chc (bao gm c trng hc) c th gim c cc chi ph hc
tp nh tin lng phi tr cho gio vin, tin thu phng hc, chi ph i li v n
ca hc vin. i vi nhng ngi thuc cc t chc ny, hc tp qua mng
gip h khng mt nhiu thi gian, cng sc, tin bc trong khi di chuyn, i li,
t chc lp hc..., gp phn tng hiu qu cng vic. Thm vo , gi c cc
thit b cng ngh thng tin hin nay cng tng i thp, vic trang b cho mnh
nhng chic my tnh c th truy cp vo Internet vi cc phn mm trnh duyt
min ph thc hin vic hc tp qua mng l iu ht sc d dng.
eLearning cn gip lm gim tng thi gian cn thit cho vic hc. Theo thng
k trung bnh, lng thi gian cn thit cho vic hc gim t 40 n 60%.
H tr trin khai o to t xa. Gio vin v hc vin c th truy cp vo kha
hc bt c ch no, trong bt c thi im no m khng nht thit phi trng
nhau ch cn c my tnh c th kt ni Internet.
2.3.2. Khuyt im:

eLearning ang l mt xu hng pht trin rt nhiu ni trn th gii. Vic trin khai
h thng eLearning cn c nhng n lc v chi ph ln, mt khc n cng c nhng ri
ro nht nh. Bn cnh nhng u im ni bt, eLearning cn c mt s khuyt im
m ta khng th b qua cn phi khc phc sau y:
Do quen vi phng php hc tp truyn thng nn hc vin v gio vin s
gp mt s kh khn v cch hc tp v ging dy. Ngoi ra h cn gp kh khn
trong vic tip cn cc cng ngh mi.

Bi v o to t xa l mi trng hc tp phn tn nn mi lin h gp g gia

gio vin v hc vin b hn ch cng lm nh hng tiu cc n kt qu hc
tp ca hc vin. Do , hc vin cn phi tp trung, c gng n lc ht mnh khi
tham gia kha hc kt qu hc tp tt.
Mt khc, do eLearning c t chc cho ng o hc vin tham gia, c th
thuc nhiu vng quc gia, khu vc trn th gii nn mi hc vin c th gp kh
khn v cc vn yu t tm l, vn ha.
Gio vin phi mt rt nhiu thi gian v cng sc son bi ging, ti liu
ging dy, tham kho cho ph hp vi phng thc hc tp eLearning.
Chi ph xy dng eLearning.
Cc vn khc v mt cng ngh: cn phi xem xt cc cng ngh hin thi c
p ng c cc mc ch ca o to hay khng, chi ph u t cho cc cng
ngh c hp l khng. Ngoi ra, kh nng lm vic tng thch gia cc h
thng phn cng v phn mm cng cn c xem xt.
2.4. So snh gia cc phng php hc tp truyn

thng v phng php eLearning:
2.4.1. Cc phng php hc tp truyn thng
Vi phng php hc tp truyn thng, cng vic dy v hc hon ton ph thuc vo
vic ging dy trc tip t thy ti tr. Vi hnh thc hc tp ny, ni dung ging dy
l nhng kin thc c s hoc c trong sch v hoc do gio vin truyn t t kinh
nghim bn thn. Phng php dy hc y tp trung vo gio vin, ngi thy tr
thnh trung tm trc tip truyn t kin thc cho hc sinh. Nh vy, kim tra mc
hiu bit ca hc tr th thy phi trc tip hi bi v trao i vi hc tr mt cch
trc tip.
Vic qun l lp hc cng l do ngi thy m nhim trc tip, tt c mi hot ng
c lin quan n lp hc u do thy ch tr. Do vy phng php hc tp ca hc sinh
cng ht sc th ng, hc sinh nghe ging bi v lm bi tp di s hng dn ca
gio vin.
Nhn chung cc chc nng ca gio vin trong m hnh ging dy v hc tp truyn
thng nh sau:

Hnh 1-1. Cc chc nng ca gio vin
V sau vic hc tp c nhiu thay i. Ngi gio vin tm ti, nghin cu ra nhiu
phng php dy hc tch cc. Vi phng php ny, ngi thy khng n thun ch
truyn t kin thc theo kiu truyn thng m cn thay i phng php ging dy,
theo hng gi m, t cc cu hi gi cc vn trong bi ging, hc sinh tr li
cc cu hi gi m ny. T s li cun hc sinh tham gia hc tp mt cch ch
ng lm cho lp hc sinh ng, hot no hn. Nh vy s to cho hc sinh tm l
thoi mi, c th hiu bi ngay ti lp hc.
Mt phng php tin tin khc l, ngi thy s chia lp hc ra t nhm, s thnh
vin ti a trong nhm khng cao lm, khong 10 hc vin tr li. Lm nh vy s c
th phn ha hc sinh: nhm gii, kh, trung bnh, yu, T y s c cch ging dy
v kh ca bi hc v bi tp ph hp vi trnh lnh hi ca tng nhm. Thm
vo , vic hc tp bao gm nhng bui tho lun m ngi thy ch vai tr l gim
st, t hc sinh tho lun cc vn vi nhau. Ngi thy s cho kin ai ng ai
sai, v s nhc nh khi cc hc vin ca mnh tho lun lc hng vn ang c
t ra.
Hin nay Vit Nam, dy v hc vn cn theo phng thc truyn thng: vic dy
theo quy nh chnh thc, vic hc b l thuc vo vic dy khi ngi thy l i tng
duy nht truyn t tri thc. Hc sinh hc mt cch th ng, thy bo g lm ny,
thng l c rt t s sng to. Phng php hc tp theo mt li mn, gio trnh hc
c k, xut bn t rt lu, khng theo kp vi s pht trin ca x hi. Mc d c s
nng cao kin thc x hi t vic hc hng ngoi nhng phn ln hc vin ra trng
u phi o to thm thm ch l o to li v kin thc thu c hu nh ch l kin

thc trong sch v v thiu tnh thc t. Trong qu trnh hc tp, hc vin t c a
ra kin ca mnh v vic ging dy ca thy gio, iu lm nh hng n cht
lng ging dy v hc tp, thy gio th khng bit hc sinh ca mnh mun hc theo
hnh thc no cn hc vin th khng hi lng vi phng php ging dy ca thy.
2.4.2. Phng php eLearning:

S ra i ca eLearning khc phc c nhng hn ch trn.
M hnh h thng eLearning trong vic ging dy v hc tp nh sau, y eLearning
ng vai tr l thy gio:
Hnh 1-2. Cc chc nng ca h thng eLearning
Vi phng php hc tp eLearning, hc vin ch cn ngi trc my tnh t thao tc

hc tp, thc hnh v lm bi tp theo mun. Cc chc nng nh t chc biu din
tri thc, sau th hin tri thc trn my tnh v vic t chc qun l hc tp u
do hc vin t iu chnh v thao tc. Vi cc tnh nng u vit, eLearning ngy cng
c bit n v c s dng nh l mt cng c tr ging c lc nht.
Tuy nhin, Vit Nam hin nay, h thng eLearning cha c trin khai nhiu, cha
p ng c nhu cu hc tp qua hnh thc o to t xa. Mun m rng h thng
eLearning, cn phi c s thay i dn quan nim hc tp theo phng php dy v
hc truyn thng v cn phi c s quan tm u t ng mc ca cc doanh nghip,
t chc v chnh ph. Nu lm c nh vy, trong tng lai chc chn eLearning s
c s dng trong vic ging dy v hc tp theo ng ngha ca n.

CHNG 3. LEARNING OBJECTs,

IMS, METADATA & SCORM
3.1. Learning Objects (LOs):
Phn ny s
Gii thiu tm tt Learning Objects (LOs) trong ng cnh ca DLNET.
Phc tho cc x l m nhng ti nguyn bi ging c sa i thnh nhng
LOs bi DLNET.
nh ngha chc nng tt nh l quan im c cu trc ca DLNET LO a ra.
Nhiu khi nim tin tin nh cc LOs lng nhau (nested LOs) v nhng cch
thc cho vic ti s dng LO s c hng dn chi tit sau y.
3.1.1. Gii thiu:

DLNET l t vit tt ca Digital Library Network for Engineering and Technology:
Mng th vin s ha khoa hc k thut. [3]
DLNET ang c pht trin nh l mt phn ca sng kin NSDL thnh lp mt
th vin s quc gia m s thit lp mt mng trc tuyn ca nhng mi trng hc
tp v ti nguyn cho ngnh gio dc v khoa hc (science), ton hc (mathematic), k
thut cng trnh (engineering), khoa hc k thut (technology), vit tt l SMETE,
tt c cc mc khc nhau. DLNET s a ra mt c s d liu v khoa hc k thut
lin quan n nhng ni dung nhm vo vic rn luyn k s v cc k s cng ngh
vi mc tiu ca vic hc tp lu di thun tin d dng, gio dc vt ra ngoi
phm vi lp hc bng cch s dng nhng th vin s ha (digital libraries).
Nh l mt th vin s ha, DLNET cung cp nhng dch v cho ngi dng tm kim
thng tin, nng cp cng nh duy tr c s d liu hon chnh.
3.1.2. Learning Objects:

Learning Object trong DLNET c nh ngha nh l mt ti nguyn c lp v c
cu trc, tm lc thng tin cht lng cao trong ng cnh lm cho vic dy v hc d
dng hn. [3]
nh ngha nhn mnh hai kha cnh ca LOs, c th l learning v object vi ch
u tin l cht lng quanlity. Cht lng l thuc tnh cn thit m DLNET c
gng duy tr khi n t c learning objects. Cht lng lin quan n nhng kha
cnh sau:
Tnh xc thc v chnh xc ca ch mn hc.
Hiu qu s phm v gi tr gio dc.

Mi lin quan ca thng tin trong ti nguyn lin h n mc ch.

c trng ni bt ca LO l cho php nhng hc vin v gio vin s dng v
ti s dng ti nguyn.
3.1.2.1. Thuc tnh ca LO:

LOs tng t nh mc tiu s dng trong m hnh hng i tng (OOM: object-
oriented modeling). Nhng khi nim chung ca OOM nh l cch tm lc, phn loi,
hin tng nhiu dng (polymorphism), tnh k tha v kh nng ti s dng c th
c vay mn miu t cch vn hnh trn LOs trong DLNET. V d:
Mi LO trong DLNET l s tm lc, gi gn metadata ca chnh n v ni
dung hc tp khi n c x l bi lc ng gi ni dung (CP: content-
packaging). Vic tm lc ny cng c kh nng lm cho LO phn tn thng
qua DLNET m vn gi nh c v khng lm thay i nh vic duy tr bo v
bn quyn tc gi.
LOs trong DLNET c th c phn loi theo ch mn hc, cch nh dng,
kch thc, hoc theo bt k thnh phn metadata khc. iu quan trng hn
na l LOs c th c phn loi theo th bc da trn hng phn loi
(taxonomic path), t ci tng qut n cc c t v ch mn hc.
LOs trong DLNET s c ng gi v phn loi lm cho vic tm kim,
khm ph v ti s dng c d dng, thun tin hn bi nhng ngi xy
dng cc mn hc v ti liu hc tp.
3.1.2.2. c im ca LOs:
Mc tiu (Objectives): c t nhng kt qu t c sau khi hc vin tham
gia hc tp vi chng trnh o to t xa kt thc bi hc, chng, phn,
kha hc, V vy cc tc gi nn s dng mc ny ni r mc ch ca
module dy hc ca mnh. Mi s n lc, c gng hc tp nn c mt bng
nh gi ghi nhn kt qu t c ca mi hc vin.
Kin thc yu cu cn chun b trc khi tham gia kha hc (Pre-
requisites): gi cc kin thc nn tng yu cu ca mi c nhn hc vin
phi c khi tham gia kha hc c th tip thu v hiu c LO. Nhng kin
thc yu cu l nhng kin thc nn tng c lin quan n nhng kin thc
mi ca LO. T vin cnh ca vic gio dc khng ngng, kin thc lin tip
v hc tp lu di, n a ra mt cch o lng trnh kin thc m hc vin
nn c trc khi tham gia hc tp vi LO.
kh v thi lng hc tp ti thiu (Difficulty and Learning Time):
Mi LO u c mt kh tng ng vi s mong i ca ngi dng. LO
cng xc inh r thi lng ti thiu cn thit hon thnh bi tp, bi hc,
mn hc, kha hc. Mc kh, thi lng hc tp ti thiu ny l khch
quan v do ngi bin son ra.

3.1.2.3. Mt s yu cu chc nng:

Tt c LOs phi c mt file nh km cha metadata (nh cu trc, quyn s
hu, quyn s dng, kt qu nhm ti ca khn gi,)
LOs c truy cp thng qua mt trang gii thiu (HTML), trang ny cng s
hin th nhng metadata c chn v iu hng gip (navigation aids).
LOs c mt v tr bt u, v tr ny cho php nhng modules hc tp khc kt
ni ti hoc phn nhnh.
LOs lun gi nguyn hin trng v khng b thay i bi th vin s hay bt
k h thng qun hc tp no m n dc a vo hoc ngi s dng.
LOs c ng gi theo mt phng thc m chng c th c s dng mt
cch c lp.
3.2. Khi qut v IMS:
3.2.1. Gii thiu:

IMS (Instructional Management System) Global Learning Consortium pht trin v
xc tin cc c t m (khng phi chun) h tr cc hot ng hc tp phn tn
trn mng nh nh v v s dng ni dung gio dc, theo di qu trnh hc tp, thng
bo kt qu hc tp, v trao i cc thng tin v hc vin gia cc h thng qun l.
[4]
IMS c hai mc tiu chnh:
Xc nh cc c t k thut phc v cho vic kh chuyn gia cc ng dng v
cc dch v trong hc tp phn tn
H tr vic a cc c t ca IMS vo cc sn phm v cc dch v trn ton th
gii. IMS xc tin vic thc thi cc c t sao cho cc mi trng hc tp phn
tn v ni dung t nhiu ngun khc nhau c th hiu nhau
Bn thn SCORM a nhiu nhiu c t ca IMS vo bn trong m hnh.
3.2.2. Cc c t ca IMS:
[4]IMS ng vai tr rt quan trng trong vic a ra cc c t trong eLearning. Cc
c t sau c cc t chc cp cao hn nh ADL, IEEE, ISO s dng, chng
nhn thnh chun eLearning dng quy m rng ri.

STT Tn c t Chc nng
1 MetaData v1.2.1 Cc thuc tnh m t cc ti nguyn hc tp

(learning resources) h tr cho vic tm kim
v pht hin cc ti nguyn hc tp
2 Enterprise v1.1 Cc nh dng dng trao i thng tin v hc

vin, kha hc gia cc thnh phn ca h thng
3 Content Package v1.1.3 Cc ch dn ng gi v trao i ni dung

hc tp (learning content)
4 Question and Test Cc nh dng xy dng v trao i thng tin

Interoperability v1.2 v nh gi kt qu hc tp
5 Learner Information Thng tin lin quan n hc vin nh kh nng,

Package (LIP) v1.0 kt qu hc tp
6 Reusable Definition of L mt khung (framework) trao i cc kt

Competency or qu hc tp ca hc vin s dng cc nh ngha
Educational Objective v cc mc tiu gio dc
v1.0
7 Simple Sequencing Xc nh cc i tng hc tp c sp xp v

v1.0 trnh by tng ng vi tng hc vin nh th
no.
8 Learning Design v1.0 Gn kt vic hc trn mng vi cc ti nguyn

thng tin
9 Learning Design v1.0 Cc nh ngha dng m t vic thit k ging

dy v hc tp
10 Assessiblity for a thm cc c im cho c t LIP gp

Learner Information d liu bao gm cc yu cu thay i ca hc
Package v1.0 vin, iu kin s dng, cng ngh
3.3. Metadata.
Cc thnh phn c bn ca metadata:
Cc chun metadata xc nh nhiu thnh phn yu cu v tu chn:
Title: tn mn hc
Language: xc nh ngn ng c s dng bn trong mn hc v c th c
thng tin thm (nh l ting Anh th c thm thng tin l Anh-Anh hoc l

Anh-M).
Description: bao gm m t v mn hc.
Keyword: gm cc t kho h tr cho vic tm kim.
Structure: m t cu trc bn trong ca mn hc: tun t, phn cp, v nhiu
hn na.
Aggregation Level: xc nh kch thc ca n v. 4 tc l mn hc, 3 l bi,
2 l ch .
Version: xc nh phin bn ca mn hc.
Format: quy nh cc nh dng file c dng trong mn hc. Chng l cc
nh dng MIME.
Size: l kch thc tng ca ton b cc file c trong mn hc.
Location: ghi a ch Web m hc vin c th truy cp mn hc.
Requirement: lit k cc th nh trnh duyt v h iu hnh cn thit c
th chy c mn hc.
Duration: quy nh cn bao nhiu thi gian tham gia mn hc.
Cost: ghi xem mn hc c min ph hoc c ph
m bo tnh kh chuyn, metadata phi c thu thp v nh dng l XML.
3.4. Chun SCORM (Sharable Content Object

Reference Model):
3.4.1. Khi qut v SCORM:

SCORM hin ang l mt chun p ng nhu cu s dng rng ri cho cc d n v
eLearning. SCORM l mt m hnh tham kho cc chun k thut, cc c t v cc
hng dn c lin quan a ra bi cc t chc khc nhau dng p ng cc yu cu
mc cao ca ni dung hc tp v cc h thng thng qua cc t ilities [6]
Tnh truy cp c (Accessibility): Kh nng nh v v truy cp cc ni dung
ging dy t mt ni xa v phn phi n ti cc v tr khc.
Tnh thch ng c (Adaptability): Kh nng cung cp cc ni dung ging dy
ph hp vi yu cu ca tng c nhn v t chc.
Tnh kinh t (Affordability): Kh nng tng hiu qu v nng sut bng cch
gim thi gian v chi ph lin quan n vic phn phi cc ging dy.

Tnh bn vng (Durability): Kh nng tr vng vi s pht trin ca s pht

trin v thay i ca cng ngh m khng phi thit k li tn km, cu hnh li.
Tnh kh chuyn (Interoperability): Kh nng lm cho cc thnh phn ging dy
ti mt ni vi mt tp cng c hay platform v s dng chng ti mt ni khc
vi mt tp cc cng c hay platform.
Tnh s dng li (Reusability): Kh nng mm do trong vic kt hp cc thnh
phn ging dy trong nhiu ng dng v nhiu ng cnh khc nhau.
Ngoi ra, SCORM cung cp cc chun k thut cho vic pht trin kh nng ti s
dng cc i tng hng dn vic hc my tnh v web-based.
Hin ti a s cc sn phm eLearning u h tr SCORM. SCORM c l l c t
c mi ngi nht.
3.4.2. Chun ng gi ni dung trong SCORM

SCORM cung cp nhng c t mt cch chi tit nhng k thut c bn trong
eLearning, nh metadata, gi ni dung (content packaging) v xc nh c ch cho
vic giao tip vi vic hc tp hoc h thng qun l ni dung hc tp (LCMS).
SCORM khng phi l ni dung hay cch truyn t kin thc. ngha ca SCORM
cng khng phi l cao tnh khun mu, ng dng v mt ni dung, m n lm cho
tt c cc ni dung u ph hp vi mt mc k thut no x l tt hn.
Nhng ni dung LO c to ra bi cng c bin son bi ging, khng b chi phi bi
SCORM
Chun ng gi gip cho ni dung ca cc bi hc, mn hc, khng ph thuc vo
h thng qun tr ni dung hc tp (LMS)
Do c t v ng gi ni dung ca SCORM v IMS gn nh ging nhau v SCORM
c bit n rng ri hn, nn y s gii thiu v chun ng gi ni dung ca
SCORM.
Mt gi ni dung (Content Package CP) trong SCORM c th l mt bi hc, mt
mn hc, hay l mt thnh phn no c lin quan n ni dung c ng ng gi.
Hnh di y l th hin mc quan nim ca gi ni dung (Content Package )

Hnh 3-3. Cu trc mt gi ni dung mc quan nim

Ct li ca c t ca gi ni dung (Content Package) l mt file manifest. File
manifest ny phi c t tn l imsmanifest.xml. Nh phn ui file a ra, file
ny phi tun theo cc lut XML v cu trc bn trong v nh dng.
Trong file ny c bn phn chnh:
Meta-data ghi cc thng tin c th v gi.
Organizations l ni m t cu trc ni dung chnh ca gi. N gn nh mt
bng mc lc. N tham chiu ti cc cc ti nguyn v cc manifest con khc
c m t chi tit hn phn di.
Resources bao gm cc m t ch ti cc file khc c ng cng trong gi
hoc cc file khc ngoi (nh l cc a ch Web chng hn).
Sub-manifests m t hon ton cc gi c gp vo bn trong gi chnh. Mi
sub-manifest cng c cng cu trc bao gm Meta-data, Organizations,
Resources, v Sub-manifests. Do manifest c th cha cc sub-manifest v cc
sub-manifest c th cha cc sub-manifes khc na.
c t ny cho php gm nhiu mn hc v cc thnh phn cao cp khc t cc bi
hc n l, cc ch , v cc i tng hc tp mc thp khc.
3.4.3. Dng ng gi SCOs:

SCOs l kt qu ng gi ca mt i tng hc tp LO (bi ging, mn hc) theo
chun SCORM.
SCORM chia cng ngh ca vic hc tp eLearning thnh cc component chc nng.
Mt asset l tn gi tng trng cho phng tin truyn thng (media) nh vn bn
(text), hnh nh (images), m thanh (sound), hoc bt k mu d liu ca mt trang

web client no m c th phn pht. Hu ht nhng dng c bn ca ni dung l mt

asset. Asset bao gm nhng tp tin nh l .doc, .wav, .jpeg, .fla, .mov, .gif, .avi
v .html.
Mt i tng ni dung chia s hay SCO l mt
tp hp ca mt hoc nhiu assets, nhng asset ny
cu to thnh mt learning object. Mt SCO tng
ng vi mu ni dung nh nht mc thp nht
khng th chia nh c na. Nhng mu ni dung
(SCO) ny s c theo di, kim tra v cc thng
tin chi tit bi h thng qun tr vic hc tp (LMS).
Ch c mt s khc bit nh gia SCO v mt asset
l SCO giao tip vi mt h thng qun tr vic hc
tp (LMS).
u tin, SCOs phi c tm thy trc khi SCOs
c th c s dng. Cha kha tm SCOs l metadata hoc l d liu v SCO (d
liu). Metadata c lu tr cng vi mt SCO v c th bao gm nhng yu cu k
thut cng ngh, ni dung gio dc, ta , tc gi, s phin bn v ngy to lp.
Quy trnh tp hp ni dung (content aggregation) cho php SCOs c ng gi li
vi nhau to nn mt learning experience. Vic ng gi bao gm mt tp tin
manifest, tp tin ny m t nhng ni dung ca nhng gi v nhng phiu t hng
(order) m SCO c phn tn n . N cng thng bo vi LMS rng nhng ni
no m SCO c tm thy.
Mt h qun tr vic hc tp LMS l mt h thng lu tr v phn tn ni dung. LMS
c th khi chy v giao tip vi SCOs, v c th th hin nhng ch th ch v vic
sp xp tun t ca SCOs.
Sau y s trnh by thc nghim p dng chun ng gi SCORM ng gi cc

LOs c th trn cng c ng gi RELOAD EDITOR thnh mt SCO:
3.5. Cng c ng gi RELOAD EDITOR:
Mc ch chnh ca cng c RELOAD l to ra cc b son tho tun theo cc c t

ng gi ni dung (Content Package) v Metadata. RELOAD Editor cho php ngi
dng t chc, tng hp, v ng cc i tng hc tp thnh cc gi ni dung tun
theo c t ca IMS v SCORM c b sung thm Metadata. [7]
Trong lc ng gi, cng c RELOAD s t ng thm tp tin:
imsmanifest.xml: ct li ca gi ni dung (Content Package), lu tr tt c cc thng
tin v i tng mun ng gi v cc tp tin , th mc c lin quan n i tng ny.
Tn imsmanifest.xml c tnh bt buc v tp tin ny phi xut hin gc ca bt k

gi ni dung hp l no.
Ngoi ra, Reload Editor cn to ra ba tp tin khc, mi tp tin ny u c cp n
trong tp tin manifest:
imscp_v1p1.xsd: bn sao cc b ca ti liu lc XML gi ni dung (c cp
trong tp tin manifest)
imsmd_v1p1.xsd: bn sao cc b ca ti liu lc XML metadata (c cp
ims_xml.xsd: bn sao cc b ca ti liu lc XML (c cp trong tp tin
manifest)
Thm na, RELOAD Editor cho php thm vo Metadata trong khi ng gi: tn
metatdata v phin bn (version) ca n.
Hnh 3-6. Giao din RELOAD Editor
3.5.1. Cch ng gi mt bi hc, mn hc:

Ta thc hin vic ng gi mt LO c th l tp tin csdl.xml, ngoi ra cn c mt s
tp tin v th mc km theo, cha trong th mc testRE.

Hnh 3-7. Th mc testRE

Th mc cha gi ni dung kt qu l testReloadEditor.
ng gi mt i tng hc tp, thc hin qua 7 bc sau:
Bc 1. Nhm tp hp tt c cc tp tin v th mc ti nguyn c lin quan n i
tng hc tp mun ng gi
Bc 2. M cng c RELOAD v ca s lm vic:
M ca s lm vic ca RELOAD (Start Program Files Reload Tool
Reload Editor hoc click vo shortcut Reload Editor trn desktop).
ng gi mt bi ging, mn hc mi, click File New IMS Content
Package. Mt hp thoi m ra, cho php chn th mc cha kt qu ng gi.
Bn chn ht mc testReloadEditor.
Mt ca s ni xut hin, tn l th mc cha kt qu ng gi
testReloadEditor, c ba frame: frame th nht hin th cy cu trc cc tp tin
v th mc (tree view), frame th hai hin th ni dung ng gi chnh
(manifest view), frame cn li hin th thng tin (khung nhn thuc tnh:
atttribute view) v cc thnh phn.

Hnh 3-8. Content Package testReloadEditor-Bc 2
to ra gi ni dung (content package), Reload t to 4 tp tin:

imsmanifest.xml: ct li ca gi ni dung (Content Package), lu tr tt c cc thng
tin v i tng mun ng gi v cc tp tin , th mc c lin quan n i tng ny.
Tn imsmanifest.xml c tnh bt buc v tp tin ny phi xut hin gc ca bt k
gi ni dung hp l no.
Ngoi ra, Reload Editor cn to ra ba tp tin khc, mi tp tin ny u c cp n
trong tp tin manifest:
imscp_v1p1.xsd: bn sao cc b ca ti liu lc XML gi ni dung (c cp
imsmd_v1p1.xsd: bn sao cc b ca ti liu lc XML metadata (c cp
ims_xml.xsd: bn sao cc b ca ti liu lc XML (c cp trong tp tin
manifest)
Bc 3. Thm tham chiu n Metadata:
Ti thi im ny, Content Pakage cha c ni dung, trc khi thm ni dung vo, ta
nn thm vo trnh gi ch (placeholder), sau s thm vo metadata:
Click chut phi vo icon MANIFEST trong frame th hai manifest, chn
Add Metadata, tip tc click chut phi co icon Metadata mi c thm
vo v chn Add Schema.
Chn Schema v g vo textbox ca frame th ba, gi tr ca schema ny l
IMS Content
Click chut phi icon Metadata mt ln na v chn Add Schema Version,
g vo textbox xa frame th ba, gi tr ca schema version ny l 1.2.2
Lc ny, mc d cha c bt c metadata no, nhng Reload Editor nh dng bt
k metadata c thm vo u ph hp vi chun IMS Metadata v.1.2.2

Bc 4. Thm cc Items v Organisations:
thm ni dung, dng chc nng Import Resources.
Click chut phi vo th mc testReloadEditor frame th nht, chn Import
Resources hoc vo menu File Import Resources
M ra mt hp thoi mi cho php chn th mc c tp tin cn ng gi.
y chn th mc testRE.
Trong th mc ny, chn tp tin cn ng gi l csdl.xml, ngoi ra, cn c th
chn thm cc tp tin v th mc con c lin quan n tp in csdl.xml ny
bng cch check vo checkbox Includes dependent files. Trong trng hp
ny, chn tt c cc tp tin v th mc con nm trong th mc testRE.
Click Open, nu Reload Editor m ra mt hi thoi yu cu cho ghi ln
nhng tp tin c sn th click nt Yes.
By gi trn frame th nht (bn tri) s xut hin tt c cc tp tin v th mc
con trong th mc testRE.

Hnh 3-10. Content Package testReloadEditor-Bc 4.1
To mt Organisation:
Click chut phi Organisation
Chn Add Organisation
t tn cho Organisation ny l Main.
Thm Items:
thm ni dung vo gi ni dung, thm ni dung vo Organisation Main
trn bng cch ko th tng tp tin ni dung mi c thm vo frame th
nht bn tri vo Organisation Main.
Lc ny trong Resources cng s t ng thm vo nhng tp tin v th mc
con nh trong Main Organisation.

Hnh 3-11. Content Package testReloadEditor-Bc 4.2
Bc 5. Xem gi Package:
xem ni dung ng gi trn trnh duyt web, click Preview Content Package trn
thanh cng c chnh.
Mt ca s m ra, mt frame bn tri cha cc tp tin v th mc con c ng
gi, frame bn phi trng.
Click chon csdl s thy nh hnh sau:

Bc 6. Cu trc li v t tn gi gi nh
C th t li tn cho Main Organisation trc khi export.
Hoc c th t li tn cho cc tp tin, th mc con trong gi ni dung cho gi
nh v r ngha. y ta i tn tp tin csdl thnh C S D Liu
Thay i cu trc bn trong gi ni dung bng cch sp xp li trt t cc tp
tin, thu mc con trong gi ni dung. Cch thc hin l Move up v Move
Down
Xem li ln na troc khi export.

Bc 7. Lu ni dung ng gi (Content Package)

lu gi ni dung ny, click icon Save.
Gi ni dung c ng gi thnh file zip, vo File Zip Conten Package.
Ngoi ra cn c th lu Preview ca gi ni dung.
Kt qu sau khi ng gi xong s cho ra mt file .zip, cha ni dung cc thnh phn
c ng gi. Gi ny ph hp vi chun SCORM v metadata.
3.5.2. M hnh ca mt LO c ng gi bi RELOAD:

Hnh 3-14. Cu trc ca mt LO c ng gi bi RELOAD Editor

CHNG 4. LMS V MOODLE

4.1. Gii thiu v cc h LMS:
4.1.1. nh ngha:
Qun l cc qu trnh hc:
LMS l thnh phn thuc b phn cng ngh trong h thng eLearning. LMS l phn
mm t ng ha vic qun l o to.
LMS qun l vic ng k kha hc ca hc vin, tham gia cc chng trnh c s
hng dn ca ging vin, tham d cc hot ng a dng mang tnh tng tc trn
my tnh v thc hin cc bng nh gi. Hn th na, LMS cng gip cc nh qun l
v ging vin thc hin cc cng vic kim tra, gim st, thu nhn kt qu hc tp, bo
co ca hc vin v nng cao hiu qu vic ging dy.
LMS qun l cc ti nguyn trong cc CSDL ni dung hc tp thng qua cc h thng
qun l o to lp hc cho nhng ai phn pht vic o to a phng tin qua cc
mng a phng v mng rng v cc mng Internet v Intranet. N cng bao gm
cc h thng cung cp cc lp hc o.
Tm li, hiu theo mt cch n gin th LMS c nhim v qun l cc c s d liu
nh CSDL ni dung kha hc, CSDL hc vin, CSDL theo di tin trnh hc...
4.1.2. c im:
H LMS c hai c im chnh l cc thng tin v hc vin v kha hc, bao gm:
Qun l hc vin: bao gm vic ghi li nhng thng tin c nhn chi tit v hc
vin nh h tn, ngh nghip, a ch lin lc,... v cung cp tn truy cp v mt
khu.
Qun l theo di cc kha hc, qun l ni dung cc kha hc, ghi nhn li cc
thng tin chi tit v kha hc nh:
o Mc tiu kt qu s t c sau khi kt thc bi hc, chng, kha hc
o Cc iu kin, kin thc yu cu cn chun b trc khi tham gia kha hc
o Ch n thi gian hc, thng lng ti thiu cn thit hon thnh kha
hc
Theo di tin trnh hc ca hc vin: ghi nhn li cc ln truy cp vo cc kha
hc, ghi nhn cc nh gi thng qua cc cu tr li ca hc vin trn cc bi
kim tra t nh gi, hay trn cc bi tp, bi thi cui kha. Cc kt qu kim tra
ny cho bit hc vin c hon thnh kha hc hay khng.
Chi ph v ph tn cng s cn thit trong nhiu trng hp
Lp bo co: vic lp mt bn bo co tt l cn thit v ngi s dng thng
xuyn c cung cp tnh linh hot trong cc d liu c rt ra v trong cch

m n c a ra.
4.1.3. Chc nng:

Da vo cc c im trn, ta c th a ra danh sch cc chc nng chnh ca LMS
nh sau:
- Qun l qu trnh ng k hc vin, truy nhp v tin trnh hc
- Qun l kha hc v lch hc, iu khin bng phn cng hc vin, iu khin bng
lit k kha hc, cp nht cc kha o to mi, km theo ni dung hc tp ca cc
kha hc ny.
- Qun l gio vin.
- Qun l hot ng kim tra
- Lp cc bo co v h thng, tnh hnh hc v hc vin
- T chc v qun l cc hot ng cng tc: hot ng cng tc c phn loi theo
cng ngh s dng: ng b hay khng ng b. LMS t chc, m bo duy tr v
qun l cc hot ng ny.
4.2. LMS Moodle:
Trong kha lun T chc v xy dng bi ging cho chng trnh o to t xa ny,
ch quan tm n chc nng h tr t chc, qun l bi ging cho php gio vin
upload bi ging ca cc gio trnh trc tuyn ca mnh ln platform Moodle.
Trang ch : http://moodle.org
S hiu phin bn : 1.5
Ngn ng pht trin : PHP
H c s d liu c h tr : MySQL, PostgreSQL
Cc chun h tr : SCORM v IMS
Bn quyn : GNU Public License
4.2.1. Ci t:
ang xt trn h iu hnh Window:
Cch tt nht l s dng EasyPHP lm h qun tr cho Moodle. Hin nay Moodle c
hn mt chng trnh ci t tch hp vi EasyPHP, ch cn chy file ny th s ci
cho c hai Moodle v EasyPHP.
Moodle c kh nhiu hng dn ci t rt r rng. Trc khi ci t cn lu mt s
im sau:
1. Nu trc , ci t MySQL, th hy g b n ra, ng thi phi xa ht cc
tp tin MySQL, chc chn rng xa c:\my.cnf , c:\windows\my.ini v bt k
file my.ini, my.cnf trn my tnh .
2. Tng t, nu ci t PHP trc , th phi xa ht tt c cc file php4ts.dll,
php.ini trn my.
3. Chy tp tin Moodle1.5+andEasyPHP.exe download t
http://download.moodle.org/.
4. Sau khi ci t xong, xut hin mt hp hi thoi EasyPHP, phi cu hnh li
EasyPHP trc khi chy chng trnh Moodle:
Click vo icon E trn gc tri bn trn hp hoi thoi. Chn Configuration
PHP Extension, s xut hin mt ca s mi PHP Extension. Check chn
php_gd2.
Trong tp tin C:\EasyPHP\apache\php.ini, vo thay i memory_limit =
16M.
Nh vy tip tc ci t theo cc yu cu ca Moodle.
4.2.2. Giao din:

Moodle h tr giao din d s dng cho c ngi qun tr ln gio vin v hc vin:
Gio vin c cc lin kt chc nng phc v cho cc vic chnh nh a bi ging ln
v qun l hc vin.
Hc vin cng c cc lin kt chc nng phc v chnh cho vic truy cp, ti bi hc
xung v bi tp ln v tham gia cc din n tho lun a ra cc kin ring ca
mnh. Ngoi ra cn c mt s lin kt khc nh chat, xem thng tin chi tit ngi s
dng, cc nhm ngi hc...
Tuy nhin, cha c cc lin kt multimedia (a phng tin) bao gm hnh nh v m
thanh.
Ni chung giao din ca Moodle tng i p mt, d s dng, tha mn c nhng
i hi c bn ca ngi s dng thng thng.
4.2.3. Chc nng

Moodle c cc kh nng, chc nng kh u vit nh:
Ghi li cc hot ng v thi im m tng ngi s dng truy cp vo h thng
nhng khng ghi li thi im thot khi truy cp.
Cc din n tho lun theo tng ch m ngi dng c th la chn tham gia.
H tr rt nhiu loi ngn ng.
H tr ti liu ngi dng rt tt.

Qun l gio vin v hc vin d dng.

H tr vic upload v download file.
C tnh s dng li cao (c th lu gi, sao chp d phng...)
C tnh s dng cao, th hin trong vic Moodle hin ang l h thng c s dng
nhiu v ph bin trn ton th gii v Vit Nam.
H tr vic lp k hoch ging dy v hc tp: h thng h tr rt mnh v lp k
hoch hc tp chung cho c kha hc. Cc ti liu, bi ging c nh vo k hoch
hc tp.
Moodle l mt h qun l kha hc tp trung vo hc vin, n c thit k tr gip
nhng nh gio dc to cc kha hc trc tuyn cht lng nn n c nhng u im
vt tri hn so vi cc h thng khc. Nh , n c s dng rt ph bin trn ton
th gii trong cc trng i hc, trung hc, cc cng ty v cc gio vin ring l.
Tuy nhin Moodle cn yu km trong mt s mt nh:
- Khng mnh trong tnh nng chat (ch l cc phng Chat thng thng, n gin,
khng li cun ngi s dng)
- Khng c tnh nng gi e-mail ring v ni b.
- H tr multimedia km.
Ni chung, Moodle tp trung vo cc kh nng d qun tr, d cu hnh, tp trung vo
k hoch ging dy v cc kiu bi tp ht sc phong ph, tuy nhin n khng h tr
cc chun xy dng bi ging v n l LMS.
4.2.4. M ngun v cc thnh phn ph tr

M ngun ca Moodle c thit k theo phong cch hng i tng, v vy rt d
dng v tin li cho cc nh pht trin mun tham gia pht trin Moodle v cc thnh
phn m rng cho phn mm ny. Trn website ca phn mm, tc gi Moodle a
ra nhng ti liu rt chi tit h tr cc nh pht trin xy dng cc thnh phn ph
tr m rng nhiu hn na cc tnh nng ca phn mm ny.
Moodle cng a ra mt s thnh phn ph tr c th lp ghp thm vo h Moodle
ngay ti phn Ti nguyn (Resources) ca trang ch. Mt s thnh phn ang trong
pht trin (c ghi ch l Development) nhng c th sn sng lp ghp vi h
thng hin ti ca ngi s dng bt c lc no.
4.2.5. Cch thm mi mt Course trong Moodle:

y, thc hin thm mi mt course hc trong Moodle vi gi ni dung
CoSoDuLieu.zip c to ra phn 2.5.1 Cch ng gi mt bi hc, mn hc
Hnh nh v Moodle:

Hnh 4-2. Giao din Moodle

Trong frame Administration chn Cousre xut hin mt m hnh mi. G
tn vo loi Course sau nhn vo nt Add new course
Trong mn hnh tip theo, nhp cc thng tin theo yu cu, hoc chn la cc
la chn.

Hnh 4-3. Thm mn hc trong Moodle

Click Save change sau nhn Continue mn hnh mi, s xut hin mt mn
hnh khc:

Hnh4-4. Giao din qun l mt mn hc trong Moodle

Click vo nt Turn editing on thay i cc thng tin ca course ny:
Xut hin mn hnh mi:
Click vo ComboBox Add an Activity, chn SCORM upload bi ging ln
in cc thng tin vo trong mn hnh ny:

Hnh 4-5. Thm ni dung SCORM mi

mn hnh ny, upload mt course pakage, nhn nt Choose or update a pakage
d upload mt gi ni dung (gi ny dc ng gi ph hp vi chun SCORM)
Mt ca s mi m ra chn Upload file. Thm mt ca s mi na xut hin:
Hnh 4-6. Upload file

nhn Browse chn gi ni dung cn Upload, sau nhn va nt Upload this
file. Trong trng hp ny, s chon gi ni dung CoSoDuLieu.zip
Mt ca s mi m ra, check vo gi ni dung CoSoDuLieu.zip v click vo Choose.
S quay v mn hnh Edit SCORM. Sau nhn nt Save Change. Mn hnh mi
xut hin s l:

Hnh 4-7. Cc tp tin v th mc lin quan n ni dung hc tp

Sau nhn tip Enter course vo trang mn hnh cha cc tp tin gi ni dung
CoSoDuLieu. xem bi ging C S D Liu, click vo Co So Du Lieu s c kt
qu nh sau:

Hnh 4-8. Bi hc
By gi l thm mi xong mn hc C S D Liu vo Moodle.

PHN 2.THC NGHIM

CHNG 1. GIO TRNH TRC
TUYN
Ni dung c cp, quan tm trong kha lun ny l cng c h tr cc gio vin
bin son bi ging, gio trnh cho chng trnh o to t xa v cch trnh by, th
hin cc bi ging, gio trnh ny ln trang web cho cc hc vin c th hc tp d
dng.
1.1. Mt s khi nim:

Gio trnh trc tuyn: L gio trnh c lu tr v c hin th bng cc
phng tin tin hc. Gio trnh trc tuyn bao gm trong nhiu minh ho sinh
ng hn theo ngha t nhiu c tng tc vi ngi hc.[10]
Mn hc: L mt b phn ca chng trnh hc, gm nhng tri thc v mt khoa
hc nht nh.[10]
Bi ging trc tuyn: L mt phn ca gio trnh trc tuyn trnh by v mt
vn v gi gn trong khong t 30 pht n 60 pht. Mt bi ging trc tuyn
thng gm nhiu nh.[10]
ging: Ni dung c ni hay trnh by ra bng li.[10]
1.2. Cu trc ca gio trnh trc tuyn:

1.2.1. Cu trc:
Gio trnh trc tuyn c cu trc tng t nh mt gio trnh sch; c th biu din
di dng mt cy phn cp nh sau:

Mn hc
Gii thiu
Tc gi Gii thiu
Mc tiu Mc tiu Vn bn
Kin thc yu cu Tm tt
Hnh nh
Tm tt
Ti liu tham kho ging 1 m thanh
Kt lun
ThoiLuong ging 2 Video
Bi ging 1
NgayBienSoan
Trang web
Bi ging 2
Lin kt trong cng mn hc
Ni dung Lin kt
ging n ging ca bi
hc trong
Bi tp mn hc khc
ging ca bi ging
Bi ging n trong mn hc khc
Bi tp
Hnh 1-1: Cu trc gio trnh trc tuyn
Theo hnh v trn, cu trc ca mt gio trnh trc tuyn s trnh by v mt mn hc:
Mn hc ny bao gm nhiu thng tin nh Gii thiu, Mc tiu, Kin thc yu cu
(cc mn hc khc) trc khi hc mn ny, Tc gi bin son gio trnh trc tuyn ny
l ai, Tm tt nhng vn chnh s trnh by trong mn hc ca gio trnh, Ti liu
tham kho l nhng ti liu m ngi bin son cho l cn thit, quan trng i vi cc
hc vin tham gia hc tp vi gio trnh trc tuyn.
Mi mn hc c ni dung l cc bi ging v bi tp cc hc vin c th t nh gi
kh nng tip thu mn hc ca h nh th no.

Mi bi ging cng bao gm cc thnh phn thng tin nh gii thiu, mc tiu, tm tt.
Ni dung chnh ca cc bi ging l cc ging.
Mi bi ging cng c bi tp cc hc vin t nh gi phn kin thc trong bi hc
va trnh by.
ging l nhng chnh, l thnh phn ni dung ca bi ging. Phn quan trng nht
ca ging l phn din gii ni dung ca ging . Nu nh ging c ni dung
qu tru tng c th cn c cc v d minh ha v mt s gii thch cho cc t trong
. Cc t by thung l nhng t (phi) bit trc. ging c th hin bng cc
hnh nh hoc li vn.
1.2.2. Cc yu cu v hng dn thc hin gio trnh trc tuyn:

[10]Sau y l mt s hng dn thc hin mt gio trnh trc tuyn. Phn quan trng
nht ca qui trnh tp trung vo phn th hin cc ca cc bi ging.
(1) Xc nh cc vn , ni dung v gii thiu, mc tiu, kin thc yu cu v
tm tt mn hc.
(2) Tp hp cc ti liu tham kho cho mn hc.
(3) Trnh by phn gm nhiu bi ging. Mi bi ging s gii quyt trn vn
mt (s) vn trong khong t 30 n 60 pht.
(4) Xc nh mi quan h gia cc bi ging theo mt th kin thc trnh
by nh trong hnh 3.
(5) i vi cc bi ging:
a. nh r gii thiu, mc tiu ca bi ging.
b. Xy dng tm tt ca bi ging.
c. La chn cc cn trnh by. Ni dung mi ging ch nn gii hn
trong mt trang mn hnh.
d. Da vo th kin thc, xc nh cc kin thc cn c c th hiu
c ny.
e. Xy dng bi tp bi ging.
(6) Trnh by ging.
a. Trnh by ni dung chnh ca ging. Ni dung ca ging l mt on
vn bn gii hn trong 1 trang mn hnh.
b. Nu trong ging c s dng cc kin thc c trnh by trong cc
hay bi ging trc, da vo th kin thc, thit lp cc lin kt
(links) n cc ging trc.
c. Nu trong ging c s dng cc kin thc ca cc mn hc khc, cn
xy dng mt ging tham kho gii thch hoc minh ho ging ny.

Cc ging ny c th l mt mn hnh vn bn, mt hnh nh hay mt

on animation c son ring v c lin kt vo ging chnh qua
cc links hay cc t kho (keywords).
d. Nu cn, c th son thm mt s v d minh ha theo hnh thc to
ging tham kho v sn ngi hc, nu cn, c th chn xem
hiu r hn v ging chnh.
e. Khi ging c lin quan n nhiu kin thc (ca cc ging khc trong
mn ny cng nh ca cc mn khc), cn xy dng mt s cu hi trc
nghim kim tra vic hiu ca ngi hc. Cc cu hi trc nghim
ny c th c nhiu chn la ng c th bit c ti sao ngi hc
khng hiu bi. Nu y l ging quan trng (phi hiu c th hc
tip), da vo cch tr li trc nghim sai ca ngi hc, nn khuyn co
ngi phi hc li phn kin thc no ; nu khng (qu quan trng), c
th gii thch thm mt s dng v cho qua v hy vng ngi hc s hiu
r hn khi hc tip cc kin thc sau.
Sau y l hnh v th kin thc:
Bi 1
Bi 2
Bi 3 Bi 4
Bi 5 Bi 6 Bi 7
Bi 8
Bi n
Hnh 1-2: th kin thc

1.3. Cng c son bi ging, gio trnh trc tuyn:

Cng c bin son bi ging, gio trnh cho chng trnh o to t xa l mt cng c
h tr cho cc gio vin c th son cc bi ging, gio trnh trc tuyn mt cch d
dng. Cc bi ging, gio trnh c son trn cng c ny s c cu trc tng t nh
cu trc ca gio trnh trc tuyn trnh by phn trn.
Cng c ny cng tng t nh cc chng trnh son tho khc nh WindWords,
PowerPoint, Tuy nhin, do chn cch t chc lu tr d liu cc gio trnh trc
tuyn bng cc ti liu XML, nu ta son tho cc gio trnh trc tuyn trn
WindWords th cc tp tin ti liu XML cha cc gio trnh trc tuyn ny ch c th
xem, chnh sa d liu trn chnh cng c WindWords. (Nu m mt tp tin ti liu
XML c son tho trn WindWords xem Notepad hoc bt k trnh son tho
XML no khng phi l WindWords th s thy rt nhiu k t phc tp, gy ri mt
kh c th c, hiu ti liu XML ny c).
V vy, ta cn phi xy dng mt cng c bin son bi ging, gio trnh sao cho thn
thin v d s dng vi cc gio vin v n cng khc phc c nhc im trn ca
WindWords.
Vi cng c son tho bi ging, gio trnh ny, cc gio vin c th bin son bi
ging, gio trnh trc tuyn trng thi offline.
Nhng h tr ca cng c ny l gio vin bin son c th click chn vo nhng
thnh phn gi c th c trong tng phn phn cp ca cu trc gio trnh trc tuyn.
V d:
u tin, khi bt u son tho mt gio trnh trc tuyn, cng c son bi
ging ny s gi cho ngi bin son bit phi chn nhp liu vo mt mn
hc.
Sau khi chn nhp liu vo mt mn hc, th cng c s gi cho gio vin
phi chn mt trong cc thnh phn c trong cu trc ca mt mn hc nh:
Gii thiu, Mc tiu, Kin thc yu cu, Tm tt, Ti liu tham kho, Bi ging
hay Bi tp.

C th tip tc cho n khi son xong mt gio trnh trc tuyn.
1.4. Cch trnh by, th hin bi ging gio trnh

trn web v li ch:
Sau khi cc gio trnh trc tuyn ny c son tho xong theo ng cu trc ca mt
gio trnh trc tuyn, khi c yu cu ca gio vin mun phn tn cc gio trnh ny
cho cc hc vin tham gia kha hc ca chng trnh o to t xa, th nhng gio
trnh ny s c a ln v hin th trnh by chng trn web.
Cch trnh by, hin th cc bi ging, gio trnh ny trn web i hi phi thn thin

vi ngi dng, d s dng v p mt. C nh vy th hiu qu hc tp trc tuyn ca

cc hc vin mi c th nng cao v t kt qu tt.
Khi tham gia hc tp vi mt gio trnh no trong chng trnh o to t xa, thng
qua web, cc hc vin c th t hc v lm cc bi tp t nh gi kh nng tip thu
kin thc hc trong gio trnh trc tuyn.
Hoc trong khi hc tp mt gio trnh ny m kin thc ca mt ging no c
trnh by ngn gn, s lc trong gio trnh ny li l kin thc c trnh by rt
r rng trong mt ging ca gio trnh khc th cc hc vin cng c th d dng truy
cp link n ging lin quan c th n, hc li phn kin thc ny.

CHNG 2. THIT K CNG C

BIN SON GIO TRNH TRC
TUYN
2.1. Cng c bin son gio trnh trc tuyn cho
chng trnh o to t xa:
phn trn, ta xc nh r cu trc ca mt gio trnh trc tuyn, v chn c
cch t chc, lu tr d liu trn cc ti liu XML, v vy cng c son bi ging cho
gio trnh trc tuyn phi l mt cng c son tho ti liu XML vi cc th c nh
ngha trong lc XML (XML Schema) tng ng vi cu trc ca mt gio trnh
trc tuyn trnh by.
Hin nay trong th gii cng ngh thng tin, c rt nhiu m ngun m, trong cng
c m ngun h tr xy dng trnh son tho ti liu XML. Tiu biu l m ngun m
JAXE.
2.1.1. M ngun m JAXE:

2.1.1.1. Gii thiu JAXE v cc ch :
JAXE l source code m ngun m trn website c a ch:
y l mt t in c to ra u tin bi Spell Checking Oriented Word Lists
(SCOWL). C a ch: http://wordlist.sourceforge.net/
Sau c pht trin n phin bn 5 v c ng k bn quyn vo ngy 3 thng 1
nm 2003 bi Kevin Atkinson
SCOWL l mt tp hp danh sch cc t tch ri vi nhng kch thc v chng loi
khc nhau, vi d nh s s dng trong chng trnh kim tra li.
M ngun m cho php cc quyn sau: s dng, sao chp, sa i, phn tn v bn
nhng danh sch cc t ny, cc tp lnh kt hp (associated scripts), cc kt qu xut
ra c to ra t cc scripts, v tt c cc ti liu cho bt k mc ch g m khng cn
mt khon l ph no, min l nhng thng tin, ghi ch v bn quyn v cc thng tin
v s cho php cc quyn s dng u c xut hin bt k bn sao chp.
2.1.1.2. Cc h tr ca JAXE:
Vi cng c m ngun m JAXE, nu cung cp cho th mc config ca JAXE ba
tp tin ln lt nh sau:
1. Tp tin lc XML (XML Schema) .xsd: nh ngha mt cu trc y v
hp l v mt i tng A no , tng thnh phn c trong cu trc ca i
tng A s tng ng vi mt th (tag): thnh phn (element) hoc mt thuc
tnh (attribute).
2. Tp tin ti liu XML vi tn c cu trc nh sau: _Jaxe_cfg.xml: tp tin ny
dng t chc cc trnh thc n (menu) trn mn hnh giao din JAXE, cc
menu ny gi v ch ra rng s c nhng thnh phn no c th c trong mt
phn no thuc cu trc ca i tng A, bng cch s dng cc th, thnh
phn (element) tng ng vi cc th, thnh phn (element) trong tp tin .xsd
3. Tp tin XSLT .xsl: ch ra cch cc thnh phn trong cu trc ca i trng A s
c hin th ra nh th no trn HTML, bng cch chuyn i cc th, thnh
phn (element), cc thuc tnh (attribute) thnh cc th HTML.
Kt qu, c th sn sng s dng JAXE son tho mt tp tin XML theo cu
trc nh sn tp tin .xsd. Ngoi ra JAXE cn h tr kim tra tnh hp l ca tp
tin XML m va san tho, cng nh h tr xem tp tin XML ny, cng vi dng
hin th HTML ca n.
Nh vy, vi s h tr ca m ngun m JAXE, ta c th xy dng ba tp tin theo
ng yu cu ca JAXE l: .xsd, xsl, _Jaxe_cfg.xml v c th s dng JAXE mt cch
d dng bin JAXE tr thnh cng c bin son bi ging cho chng ta.
Do , thc hin iu ny, cng vic ca chng ta l phi xy dng ba tp
tin .xsd, .xsl, v _Jaxe_cfg.xml, sau t chng vo th mc config ca JAXE v
bt u vic s dng JAXE nh mt cng c son tho bi ging, gio trnh trc tuyn.
2.2. Ba tp tin .xsd, _Jaxe_cfg.xml, .xsl

y, thun tin cho vic x l hin th phn chia cc ging ra thnh tng trang
mn hnh, ta mc nh xem:
1. Bi m u l bi bao gm cc thnh phn Gii thiu, Mc tiu, Tc gi,
Kin thc yu cu, Ti liu tham kho, Kt lun, Ngy bin son, Thi
lng. Bi ny c th chi ra lm nhiu trang mn hnh ty theo di ngn ca
tng ni dung thnh phn.
2. Thnh phn ging c xem l mt trang mn hnh. Do , thnh phn ging
ny c thay th bi thnh phn Trang.
Nh vy, ban u khi bin son bi ging, cc gio vin s dng thnh phn Trang
ngm hiu l phn chia trang mn hnh. Ni dung trong Trang l ni dung cc
ging hoc l ni dung ca cc thnh phn Gii thiu, Mc tiu, Tc gi,
Kin thc yu cu, Ti liu tham kho, Kt lun, Ngy bin son, Thi
lng, Ni cch khc, ni dung ca bt k thnh phn no cng c th hin
trong Trang.
2.2.1. Tp tin XML Shema G3T.xsd:

Tp tin ny m t li cu trc ca mt gio trnh trc tuyn theo ng vi cu trc

trnh by phn trn.

Mi thnh phn trong cu trc ca gio trnh trc tuyn tng ng vi mt thnh phn
(element) trong tp tin lc XML .xsd. Sau y l danh sch cc thnh phn
(element) bao gm cu trc tng thnh phn (thnh phn con v cc thuc tnh), kiu
d liu:
2.2.1.1. Thnh phn scoMonHoc:

Thnh phn scoMonHoc tng ng vi thnh phn MonHoc trong cu trc ca gio
trnh trc tuyn v l thnh phn gc trong ti liu XML lu tr gio trnh trc tuyn.
scoMonHoc bao gm nhiu thnh phn con nh scoTenBaiGiang, scoTenPhu,
scoBaiGiang. Thuc tnh ca scoMonHoc l id: m mn hc, thuc tnh ny kiu chui.
Tn scoMonHoc
Loi Cu trc phc bao gm: scoTenBaiGiang, scoTenPhu, scoBaiGiang

(cu
trc)
Thuc id, kiu chui

tnh
Ch Thnh phn gc ca mt gio trnh trc tuyn l MN HC

thch
Lc
2.2.1.2. Thnh phn scoTenMonHoc:

Thnh phn scoTenMonHoc dng c t, lu tr ni dung tn mn hc ca gio
trnh trc tuyn. scoTenMonHoc c kiu cu trc l kiu cu trc phc, cha thnh
phn con l vn.
Tn scoTenMonHoc

Loi Cu trc phc bao gm: vn

(cu
trc)
Thuc Khng c
tnh
Ch Tn mn hc
thch
Lc
2.2.1.3. Thnh phn scoBaiGiang:

Thnh phn scoBaiGiang tng ng vi BaiGiang trong cu trc gio trnh trc
tuyn mc thit k. y l thnh phn c cu trc phc, bao gm cac thnh phn
con: scoTenBaiGiang, scoTrang. Thuc tnh ca thnh phn ny l id: m bi ging, c
kiu l kiu chui.
Tn scoBaiGiang
Loi Cu trc phc bao gm: scoTenBaiGiang, scoTrang

(cu
trc)
Thuc id: m bi ging, kiu chui

tnh
Ch Bi ging mn hc
thch
Lc
2.2.1.4. Thnh phn scoTenBaiGiang

Thnh phn scoTenMonHoc dng c t, lu tr ni dung tn mn hc ca gio

trnh trc tuyn. scoTenMonHoc c kiu cu trc l kiu cu trc phc, cha thnh
phn con l vn
Tn scoTenBaiGiang

(cu
trc)
Thuc Khng c
tnh
Ch Tn bi ging
thch
Lc
2.2.1.5. Thnh phn scoTrang:

Thnh phn ny dng (xem nh l mc nh) cha cc ni dung ca gio trnh trc
tuyn, bao gm cc ni dung nh: gii thiu, mc tiu, kin thc yu cu, tc gi, ti
liu tham kho, kt lun, thi lng, ngy bin son, ni dung tng ging trong bi
ging ca mn hc v cc phn bi tp.
Thnh phn ny c cu trc phc, cha thnh phn con l scoDoanVan v scoTomTat.
Thuc tnh ca thnh phn ny l id: m trang, kiu chui v tieude: tn trang, kiu
chui. Quy nh nhp liu id ny l X_Y, trong : X l s th t bi ging c trong
mn hc, Y l s th t trang trong bi ging ang xt. V d, trang 1 trong bi ging
th 2 ca mon hc trong gio trnh tuyn c id l: 3-1
Tn scoTrang
Loi Cu trc phc bao gm: scoDoanVan, scoTomTat

(cu
trc)
Thuc id: m trang, kiu chui

tnh tieude: tn trang, kiu chui
Ch Ni dung phn gii thiu, mc ch, tc gi, ti liu tham kho,.. v tng ging
thch s c th hin trn mt trang mn hnh.

Lc
2.2.1.6. Thnh phn scoDoanVan:

Thnh phn ny dng phn chia ranh gii gia ni dung ny v ni dung kia (v d:
gii thiu v mc tiu), thnh on vn (nhng cng khng tht s cn thit). Thnh
phn ny c cu trc phc, bao gm thnh phn con l vn.
Tn scoDoanVan

(cu
trc)
Thuc Khng c
tnh
Ch Phn chia cc on vn trong mt trang mn hnh

thch
Lc
2.2.1.7. Thnh phn scoTomTat:

Thnh phn ny tng ng vi thnh phn TomTat trong cu trc gio trnh trc
tuyn, dng lu tr cc tm tt ni dung s trnh by trong mt trang mn hnh, bi
ging, mn hc. Thnh phn ny c cu trc phc, cha thnh phn con l vn
Tn scoTomTat

(cu
trc)

Thuc Khng c
tnh
Ch Tm tt ni dung s trnh by trong tng trang mn hnh

thch
Lc
2.2.1.8. Thnh phn vn:

Thnh phn ny c cu trc phc tham chiu n nhm (group) text
Tn vn
Loi Cu trc phc tham chiu nhm text

(cu
trc)
Thuc
tnh
Ch vn l tn chung cho tng mc nh: Gii thiu, Mc tiu, Kin thc yu cu, Tc
thch gi, Ti liu tham kho,...
Lc
2.2.1.9. Nhm(Group) text:

Nhm ny dng gom nhm cc thnh phn GioiThieu, MucTieu, TacGia,
KienThucYeuCau, TacGia, link, demucSo, v cc thnh phn nh dng nh: b, i,
nhanmanh, nbsp,
Tn Text
Loi Nhm cc thnh phn: GioiThieu, MucTieu, TacGia, demucDiem, link,

(cu scoBaiTap,
trc)

Thuc Khng c
tnh
Ch Nhm cc mc, nh dng, Gii thiu, Mc tiu, Kin thc yu cu, Tc gi,
thch Ti liu tham kho, v cc thnh phn khc,....
Lc
2.2.1.10. Thnh phn GioiThieu:

Thnh phn GioiThieu tng ng vi thnh phn GioiThieu trong cu trc gio trnh

trc tuyn, dng gii thiu v bi ging hoc mn hc. Thnh phn ny cha thnh
phn con l vn
Tn GioiThieu
Loi Cu trc phc cha thnh phn vn

(cu
trc)
Thuc Khng c
tnh
Ch Gii thiu mn hc hoc bi ging

thch
Lc
2.2.1.11. Thnh phn MucTieu:

Thnh phn MucTieu tng ng vi thnh phn MucTieu trong cu trc gio trnh
trc tuyn, dng nu mc tiu v bi ging hoc mn hc. Thnh phn ny cha
thnh phn con l vn
Tn MucTieu

(cu
trc)
Thuc Khng c
tnh
Ch Mc tiu ca mn hc hoc bi ging

thch
Lc
2.2.1.12. Thnh phn TacGia:

Thnh phn TacGia tng ng vi thnh phn TacGia trong cu trc gio trnh trc
tuyn, dng lu tc gi ca bi ging hoc mn hc. Thnh phn ny cha thnh
phn con l vn
Tn TacGia

(cu
trc)
Thuc Khng c
tnh
Ch Tc gi ca mn hc hoc bi ging
thch
Lc
2.2.1.13. Thnh phn KienThucYeuCau:

Thnh phn KienThucYeuCau tng ng vi thnh phn KienThucYeuCau trong
cu trc gio trnh trc tuyn, dng m t nhng kin thc cc hc vin cn chun
b trc khi tham gia bi ging, mn hc cu gio trnh trc tuyn ny. Thnh phn
ny cha thnh phn con l vn
Tn KienThucYeuCau

(cu
trc)
Thuc Khng c
tnh
Ch Kin thc cc hc vin cn chun b trc khi tham gia bi ging, mn hc cu

thch gio trnh trc tuyn ny
Lc

2.2.1.14. Thnh phn TaiLieuThamKhao:

Thnh phn TaiLieuThamKhao tng ng vi thnh phn TaiLieuThamKhao trong
cu trc gio trnh trc tuyn, dng gii thiu cc ti liu m gio vin xem l quan
trng v cn thit m cc hc vin c th tham kho khi hc gio trnh trc tuyn ny.
Thnh phn ny cha thnh phn con l vn
Tn TaiLieuThamKhao

(cu
trc)
Thuc Khng c
tnh
Ch Gii thiu cc ti liu m gio vin xem l quan trng v cn thit m cc hc

thch vin c th tham kho khi hc gio trnh trc tuyn ny
Lc
2.2.1.15. Thnh phn KetLuan:

Thnh phn KetLuan tng ng vi thnh phn KetLuan trong cu trc gio trnh
trc tuyn, dng kt li nhng ni dung trnh by trong tng bi ging, mn hc.
Tn KetLuan

(cu
trc)
Thuc Khng c
tnh
Ch Kt li nhng ni dung trnh by trong tng bi ging, mn hc

thch
Lc

2.2.1.16. Thnh phn NgayBienSoan:

Thnh phn NgayBienSoan tng ng vi thnh phn NgayBienSoan trong cu trc
gio trnh trc tuyn, dng lu tr ngy gio vin bin son gio trnh trc tuyn.
Tn NgayBienSoan

(cu
trc)
Thuc Khng c
tnh
Ch Ngy gio vin bin son gio trnh trc tuyn

thch
Lc
2.2.1.17. Thnh phn ThoiLuong:

Thnh phn ThoiLuong tng ng vi thnh phn ThoiLuong trong cu trc gio
trnh trc tuyn, dng nu ln thi gian cn thit hc tp hon tt bi ging hoc
mn hc. Thnh phn ny cha thnh phn con l vn
Tn ThoiLuong

(cu
trc)
Thuc Khng c
tnh
Ch Thi gian cn thit hc tp hon tt bi ging hoc mn hc

thch
Lc

2.2.1.18. Thnh phn scoBaiTap:

Thnh phn ny tng ng vi thnh phn BaiTap trong cu trc ca gio trnh trc
tuyn mc thit k.
Tn scoBaiTap
Loi Cu trc phc cha thnh phn vn, scoCauHoi, scoThoiLuong, scoDoKho
(cu
trc)
Thuc Khng c
tnh
Ch Bi tp sau khi hon tt bi ging hoc mn hc

thch
Lc
2.2.1.19. Thnh phn scoDoKho:

Thnh phn ny dng ni ln mc kh ca bi tp, bao gm ba mc:
* : d, ng dng nhng kin thc trong bi ging, mn hc.
** : trung bnh
***: kh
Tn scoDoKho
Loi Kiu chui

(cu
trc)
Thuc Khng c
tnh

Ch mc kh ca bi tp, bao gm ba mc:

thch * : d, ng dng nhng kin thc trong bi ging, mn hc.
**: trung bnh
***: kh
Lc
2.2.1.20. Thnh phn scoThoiLuong:

Thi gian cn thit gii bi tp, kiu chui.
Tn scoThoiLuong
Loi Kiu chui

(cu
trc)
Thuc Khng c
tnh
Ch Thi gian cn thit gii bi tp

thch
Lc
2.2.1.21. Thnh phn scoCauHoi:

Thnh phn ny bao gm cc thnh phn con : scoThoiLuong, scoDoKho, scoTroGiup,
scoDapAn v nhm text. Dng lu tr bi cu hi v cc ni dung ca cc thnh
phn con.
Tn scoCauHoi
Loi Bao gm cc thnh phn con : scoThoiLuong, scoDoKho, scoTroGiup,

(cu scoDapAn v nhm text
trc)
Thuc Khng c
tnh

Ch Dng lu tr bi cu hi v cc ni dung ca cc thnh phn con.

thch
Lc
2.2.1.22. Thnh phn scoTroGiup:

Thnh phn ny dng m t cc gi tr gip hc vin c th gii bi tp. Thnh
phn ny cha nhm text.
Tn scoTroGiup
Loi Cu trc phc cha nhm text

(cu
trc)
Thuc Khng c
tnh
Ch Cc gi tr gip hc vin c th gii bi tp

thch
Lc
2.2.1.23. Thnh phn scoDapAn:

Thnh phn ny dng m t p n bi tp. Thnh phn ny cha nhm text.
Tn scoDapAn

Loi Cu trc phc cha nhm text

(cu
trc)
Thuc Khng c
tnh
Ch p n ca bi tp
thch
Lc
2.2.1.24. Thnh phn hinhanh

nh du v tr lin kt hoc xc nh v tr hin th hnh nh, dng chn thm hnh
nh vo ni dung bi ging mn hc. Bao gm cc thnh phn con: FICHIER, lienket,
chuthich. Thnh phn ny c hai thuc tnh l hinhanhid v ten u c kiu chui.
Tn Hinhanh
Loi Cha nhm text

(cu
trc)
Thuc hinhanhid, ten: kiu chui

tnh
Ch nh du v tr lin kt hoc xc nh v tr hin th hnh nh, dng chn thm

thch hnh nh vo ni dung bi ging mn hc.
Lc
2.2.1.25. Thnh phn FICHIER:

Dng chn thm hnh nh hoc animation vo trong bi ging mn hc.
Tn FICHIER

Loi Cu trc n
(cu
trc)
Thuc Gm cc thuc tnh sau:

tnh alt: kiu chui
class: kiu chui
label: kiu chui
type: l loi tp tin .jpeg, gif, png, mpeg, text, html
Ch Tp tin hnh nh hoc animation c thm vo trong bi ging, mn hc.

thch
Lc
2.2.1.26. Thnh phn lienket:

Lin kt n mt ging khc hoc mt trang khc
Tn FICHIER
Loi Cha thnh phn FICHIER

(cu
trc)
Thuc type: kiu chui, l cc loi sau: baigiang, trang, doanvan, bng, baitap, congthuc,
tnh html
Ch Lin kt n mt ging khc hoc mt trang khc.

thch

Lc
2.2.1.27. Thnh phn chuthich

Dng ch thch cho bng hoc hnh nh. Cha nhm cc thnh phn text
Tn Chuthich
Loi Cha nhm cc thnh phn text

(cu
trc)
Thuc type: kiu chui, l cc lai sau: baigiang, trang, doanvan, bng, baitap,
tnh congthuc, html

thch
Lc
2.2.1.28. Thnh phn link:

Lin kt n mt ging khc hoc mt trang khc
Tn Link
Loi Khng c
(cu
trc)
Thuc referenceURL: kiu chui: ch ra ni mun link n

tnh HTMLrefURL: kiu chui: ch ra file .html v v tr trong file HTML mun link
n
type: kiu chui, l cc loi sau: scoTrang, html, xml

thch

Lc
2.2.1.29. Thnh phn vungbang:

Dng v bng. Cha cc thnh phn: chuthich, bang. Thnh phn ny c cc thuc
tnh: vungbangid, ten u c kiu chui
Tn Vungbang
Loi Cha thnh phn con: chuthich, bang

(cu
trc)
Thuc vungbangid, ten: kiu chui

tnh
Ch Dng v bng.
thch
Lc
2.2.1.30. Thnh phn bang:

Bng theo dng HTML. Dng d v bng Cha thnh phn con: tr
tr: Dng ca bng. Cha hai thnh phn con: th, td
td: ca bng. Cha nhm thnh phn text, c thuc tnh align canh dng: center,
left, right, justify
th: Header ca ct. Cha nhm thnh phn text, c thuc tnh align canh dng:
center, left, right, justify
2.2.1.31. Cc thnh phn loi mc:

demucDiem: Danh sch cc im mc dng nh dng ni dung trnh by.
Cha thnh phn con demuc

demucSo: Danh sch cc mc im dng nh dng ni dung trnh by vi

th t 1, 2, 3, Cha thnh phn con demuc
demuc: Danh sch cc im mc dng nh dng ni dung trnh by. Cha
nhm thnh phn text
demucDinhNghia: Danh sch cc mc im dng nh dng ni dung cc
nh ngha. Cha thnh phn con demucDN
demucDN: Danh sch cc im mc nh ngha dng nh dng ni dung
cc nh ngha. Cha nhm thnh phn text
2.2.1.32. Thnh phn congthuc

Cng thc ton hc: cc k hiu ton hc nh alpha, beta,.. v cc php tnh ton hc
nh ly cn, s m. Thuc tnh gm c text, label, image: kiu chui
Tn congthuc
Loi Khng c
(cu
trc)
Thuc
tnh
Ch Cng thc ton hc: cc k hiu ton hc nh alpha, beta,.. v cc php tnh ton
thch hc nh ly cn, s m.
Lc
2.2.1.33. Cc thnh phn nh dng vn bn:

nhanmanh: Dng trong nh dng ni dung trnh by.
i: kiu ch in nghing,.
b: kiu ch in m
sup: s m
sub: ch s
br: xung dng

nbsp: tht u dng
2.3. Cch trnh by, th hin bi ging gio trnh

trn web:
hc vin khp ni (phn tn) tham gia hc tp c th truy cp d dng vo cc
gio trnh trc tuyn ca chng trnh o to t xa, th i hi cc gio trnh trc
tuyn ny phi c th hin trn web.
Cch trnh by th hin trn web ca cc gio trnh trc tuyn c dng nh sau:
Tn cc bi hc trong
mn hc ca GTTT Phn hin th ni dung ca bi, tng
ng 1 trang mn hnh
Tn mn hc
Gio trnh trc tuyn
Trang 1 - n

Hnh 2-1. Giao din gio trnh trc tuyn
Tp tin th hin cc mn hc ln web l tp tin G3T_myxstyle.xsl, G3T.xsl

Ngoi ra h tr trnh by trn web cn c cc tp tin: mystyle.css, mymenuskin.css,
myscrips.js

CHNG 3. TNG KT:

3.1. nh gi:
Vi yu cu t ra ca ti, em thc hin c:
3.1.1. V phn nghin cu kho st mt s c s l thuyt:

Sau qu trnh tm hiu, thc hin lun vn, em tm hiu v nm uc cc vn :
Hiu c cc nh ngha, kin trc, u khuyt im ca h thng eLearning.
Tm hiu cc i tng hc tp (Learning Objects LOs) trong ng cnh
DLNET.
Nm c cc chun c t h tr cho vic ng gi ni dung hc tp SCORM
(Sharable Content Object Reference Model) do ADL a ra v mt s chun ca
IMS.
Cu trc ca mt gi ni dung SCOs (Sharable Content Objects)
Cng c ng gi RELOAD Editor
H qun l o to (Learning Managerment System LMS)
Platform Moodle
Qua , em nm c kin trc ca mt h thng eLearning phc v cho chng
trnh o to t xa, cc u im v li ch ca n cng vi nhng khuyt im v
nhng kh khn cn phi khc phc. ng thi bit c quy trnh thc hin cho mt
chng trnh o to t xa t bc xy dng cu trc ca bi ging gio trnh, son
tho, ng gi theo ng cc chun tm hiu v a ln mt h thng qun l hc
tp c th.
3.1.2. V phn thc nghim:

ti bc u t c nhng kt qu sau:
To cng c bin son bi ging, gio trnh trc tuyn c cu trc ph hp vi
chun SCORM
Ni dung cc ging bao gm cc vn bn, hnh nh, m thanh, flash.
Th hin ni dung cc ging trn trang mt trang mn hnh. X l thnh cng
c ch chuyn trang gia cc ging.
Lin kt cc ging trong cng mt bi hoc cc ging cc bi ging khc
nhau.
Bi ging sau khi c to ra t cng c bin son s c ng gi theo,
SCORM nh vo RELOAD Editor thnh cc gi ni dung SCOs.

Cc gi ni dung SCOs ny c kh nng ti s dng v tch hp ln Moodle.

Do nhng nguyn nhn v mt thi gian, bn cng nhm khng tip tc thc hin
ti t ngy 1 thng 4 nm 2005 n nay v kh nng bn thn c hn nn bn cnh
nhng mt lm c, vn cn tn ti nhng thiu st sau:
Cng c bin son gio trnh cha thn thin vi ngi dng.
3.2. Hng pht trin:

Tip tc pht trin, khc phc nhng nhc im cha t c:
Tnh tin dng, thn thin ca cng c bin son gio trnh JAXE
Xy dng cng c san tho gio trnh trn nn web.
Xy dng th kin thc.
Xy dng thnh mt h thng eLearning hon thin, c y cc h LMS.
LCMS, h tr mnh cho vic ging dy, bin son gio trnh cho gio vin, hc
vin c th hc tp d dng v t hiu qu cao trong hc tp.

Ti liu tham kho

1. eLearning System & Technology. http://cai.au.edu/concept/index.html.
2. eLearning Glossary. http://www.cybermediacreations.com/glossary.htm
3. eLearning. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elearning
4. http://el.edu.net.vn/mod/book/view.php?id=47
5. Learning Manager System
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_management_system
6. 2004 Advanced Distributed Learning. All Rights Reserved. SCORM 2004 2nd
Edition Overview. http://www.adlnet.org
7. http://www.reload.ac.uk/
8. Managed Learning Environment
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_Learning_Environment
9. Moodle Document. http://moodle.org/course/view.php?id=29&username=guest
10. Nguyn nh Thc Bi Minh T Dim Phan Xun Huy. Quy Trnh Bin
Son Gio Trnh Trc Tuyn.
11. Phm Hu Khang (ch bin). XML Nn tng & ng dng. Nh xut bn lao
ng.

Luan Van Ve E-Learning

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TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

L TH KIM PHNG 0112066

KHA LUN C NHN TIN HC

GIO VIN HNG DN

TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN

L TH KIM PHNG 0112066

KHA LUN C NHN TIN HC

GIO VIN HNG DN

NIN KHA 2001 - 2005

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 2 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn

Tp H Ch Minh, ngy thng 7 nm 2005

DEA. Bi Minh T Dim

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 3 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

Nhn xt ca gio vin phn bin

Tp H Ch Minh, ngy thng 7 nm 2005

Thy L c Duy Nhn

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 4 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

Tp. H Ch Minh, thng 07 nm 2003

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 5 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 6 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 7 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 8 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

3.1.2.2. c im ca LOs: ....................................................................................25

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 9 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

CHNG 2. THIT K CNG C BIN SON GIO TRNH TRC

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 10 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

2.2.1.25. Thnh phn FICHIER: ...............................................................................72

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 11 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

Danh sch cc hnh

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 12 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

Danh sch cc bng

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 13 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

PHN 1.NGHIN CU KHO ST

1.2. Tnh hnh pht trin eLearning:

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 14 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

trnh, d n u t vo phng php hc tp eLeaning nhm thc y s pht trin o

1.2.2. Vit Nam:

d n thnh cng s c em p dng cho ton b i hc Quc gia H Ni v c th

1.3. Mc tiu ca lun vn:

1.3.1. Phn nghin cu kho st mt s c s l thuyt:

1.3.2. Phn thc nghim:

sau khi kt thc mi bi ging, mn hc th s c cc bi kim tra trc nghim vi cc

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 17 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

2.2. Kin trc h thng eLearning:

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 18 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

2.3. nh gi u im khuyt im ca eLearning

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 19 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

my tnh trong ln truy cp sau. Hiu qu tip thu bi hc ca hc vin c

2.3.2. Khuyt im:

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 20 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

Bi v o to t xa l mi trng hc tp phn tn nn mi lin h gp g gia

2.4. So snh gia cc phng php hc tp truyn

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 21 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

Hnh 1-1. Cc chc nng ca gio vin

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 22 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

2.4.2. Phng php eLearning:

Hnh 1-2. Cc chc nng ca h thng eLearning

Vi phng php hc tp eLearning, hc vin ch cn ngi trc my tnh t thao tc

GVHD: DEA. Bi Minh T Dim 23 SVTH: L Th Kim Phng - 0112066

CHNG 3. LEARNING OBJECTs,

3.1.1. Gii thiu: