Fig.

15-48 V-groove butt test joint with a backing bar and a 14-inch root
opening welded in the flat position (1G). Note the sequence of weld beads and
the appearance.

Fig. 15-50 V-groove butt test joint

with a backup bar and a 14-inch root
opening welded in the vertical posi-
tion, travel up (3G). Note the sequence
Fig. 15-49 V-groove butt test joint with a backing bar and a 14-inch root of weld beads and the appearance.
opening welded in the horizontal position (2G). Note the sequence of weld
beads and the appearance.

Fig. 15-51 V-groove butt test joint with a backing bar and a 14-inch root opening welded in the overhead position (4G).
Note the sequence of weld beads and the appearance.

Do not use chilled water. Make certain all air is re-
moved (vented) from the vessel. This operation should be
carried out only by qualified personnel and in accordance
with ASME Section VIII-Division 1, UG-99, which cov-
ers hydrostatic testing.
Evaluation of Test Results
Groove and Fillet Weld Specimens The outside surface
of the specimens is examined for the appearance of cracks
or other open defects. To be acceptable, the convex surface

460Chapter 15Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 15-J43J55 (Plate)

Fig. 15-52 V-groove butt test joint with a backing bar and a 38-inch root opening welded in the flat position (1G). Note
the sequence of weld beads and the appearance.

Fig. 15-53 V-groove butt test joint with a backing bar and a 38-inch root
opening welded in the horizontal position (2G). Note the sequence of weld beads
and the appearance.

Fig. 15-54 V-groove butt test joint

with a backing bar and a 38-inch root
opening welded in the vertical posi- Fig. 15-55 V-groove butt test joint with a backing bar and a 38-inch root
tion, travel up. Note the sequence of opening welded in the overhead position (4G). Note the sequence of weld beads
weld beads and the appearance. and the appearance.

Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 15-J43J55 (Plate) Chapter 15461
Fig. 15-56 Penetration through the back side of a V-groove butt joint with-
out a backing bar. The formation of a small bead without undercut is absolutely
necessary for successful root-bend test specimens.

Fig. 15-59 V-groove butt test joint

without a backing bar welded in the
vertical position, travel up (3G). Note
the sequence of weld beads, the key-
hole, and the appearance.

Fig. 15-57 V-groove butt test joint without a backing bar welded in the
flat position (1G). Note the sequence of weld beads, the keyhole, and the
appearance.

Fig. 15-58 V-groove butt test joint without a backing bar welded in the horizontal position (2G). Note the sequence of
weld beads, the keyhole, and the appearance.

462Chapter 15Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 15-J43J55 (Plate)

 Fig. 15-60 V-groove butt test joint without a back-
ing bar welded in the overhead position (4G). Note
the sequence of weld beads, the keyhole, and the
appearance.

Fig. 15-61 Joint for the fillet weld soundness test

welded in the flat position (1F). Note the sequence of
weld beads and the appearance.

Fig. 15-62 Joint for the fillet weld soundness test

welded in the horizontal position (2F). Note the se-
quence of weld beads and the appearance.

Fig. 15-63 Joint for the fillet weld sound-

ness test welded in the vertical position,
Fig. 15-64 Joint for the fillet weld soundness test welded in the overhead travel up (3F). Note the sequence of weld
position (4F). Note the sequence of weld beads and the appearance. beads and the appearance.

Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 15-J43J55 (Plate) Chapter 15463
 Fig. 15-65 One side Fig. 15-66 Another
of the pressure vessel side of the pressure ves-
test unit: a corner joint, sel test unit: a corner
lap joint, and T-joints are joint, open V-groove butt
visible. Welds include joint, and a T-joint are vis-
both fillet and groove ible. Welds include both
welds. fillet and groove welds.

Fig. 15-67 A shop-built testing machine. The gauge

and jack may be purchased, and the rest of the unit can
be built in the school shop. Tensile testing is done be-
tween the first two levels. Compression testing is carried
on between the second and third crossheads. A standard
root- and face-bend jig is mounted between these levels.
The maximum tensile pull depends on the size of the
jack. The unit illustrated has a capacity of 60,000 p.s.i.

Table 15-3 Number of Specimens and Range of Thickness Qualified

Test Plates
Plate Dimensions Quali-
Groove Welds Number of Specimens fied (in.)
Thickness
of Test Plates
Type of Test (T) (in.) Face Bend Root Bend Side Bend Macroetch Min. Max.
Groove 8
3
1 1 8
1 3
4
Groove 8 < T < 1
3
2 8
1
2T max.
Groove 1 2 8
1
Unlimited

464Chapter 15Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 15-J43J55 (Plate)

 Table 15-4 Bend Test Jig Dimensions for Various
Strengths of Steel

Plunger Dimension Die Member

Specified or Actual Base Width Radius of End Opening Width Radius
Metal Yield Strength (ksi) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.)
50 1 12 4
3
2 38 1 316
5090 2 1 2 78 1 716
90 2 2
1
1 4 1
3 8
3
1 1116

of the face and root-bend specimens shall meet both of the
following requirements:
1. No single indication shall exceed 18 inches, mea-
sured in any direction on the surface.
2. The sum of the greatest dimensions of all indica-
tions on the surface that exceed 132 inches, but are
less than or equal to 18 inches, shall not exceed
3
8 inches.
Cracks occurring at the corner of the specimens
shall not be considered unless there is definite evidence
that they result from slag inclusions or other internal
discontinuities. The weld and heat-affected zone must be
entirely within the bend radius.
Pressure Welds The internal pressure within the vessel
is brought to 2,500 p.s.i. Follow all safety precautions.
Any leaks or evidence of sweating is considered as a test
failure.
Requirements for Passage of Tests
The student is required to pass all the tests in this sec-
tion in at least one position. The positions in which
these tests have been passed will be stated in the stu-
dents record.

CHAPTER 15 REVIEW

Multiple Choice c. Weave

Choose the letter of the correct answer. d. Beading
1. The V-groove butt joint weld without backing 4. The keyhole is the indication that penetration is
is typically done on which type of application? being achieved on an open-root butt joint with the
(Obj.15.1) SMAW process. (Obj. 15-1)
a. Pipe welding a. True
b. Critical plate welding b. False
c. Light gauge sheet metal 5. The work angle for a V-groove butt joint with
d. Both a and b weave beads is . (Obj. 15-1)
2. What code authority normally utilizes open-root a. 010
V-groove butt type joints? (Obj. 15-1) b. 2045
a. AWW c. 6075
b. AWS d. 90
c. ASME 6. The travel angle for a vertical-up V-groove butt
d. None of these joint is . (Obj. 15-1)
3. When doing an open-root butt joint with an E6010 a. Push of 010
or E6011 electrode, what manipulation technique is b. Drag of 010
used? (Obj. 15-1) c. Push of 80
a. Stringer bead d. Drag of 90
b. Whipping

Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 15-J43J55 (Plate) Chapter 15465
 7. With weave beads, moving the electrode across the 15. All weld starts and stops should be free of
face of the weld slowly will help reduce convexity. depressions and high spots. (Objs. 15-1 and 15-2)
(Obj. 15-1) a. True
a. True b. False
b. False 16. Overhead lap welds can be found in what type of
8. Holding a close arc and hesitating at the toes of the industries? (Obj. 15-2)
weld will prevent undercut. (Obj. 15-1) a. Storage tank
a. True b. Structural
b. False c. Shipbuilding
9. On open-root V-groove butt joints how should the d. All of these
tack welds be prepared prior to the application of 17. The hydrostatic pressure testing is done to what
the root pass? (Obj. 15-1) pressure? (Obj. 15-3)
a. No preparation is required; these are deep a. 2,500 p.s.i.
penetrating electrodes and will burn out all slag b. 2.5 k.s.i.
and other defects c. 250 pounds
b. Remove slag and wire brush tacks d. Both a and b
c. Remove slag, wire brush, grind, and feather 18. What is the width of the test specimens for the face
tacks and root-bend tests? (Obj. 15-3)
d. None of these a. 1 inch
10. When doing vertical welding, progression can be b. 1-18 inches
from top to bottom (down) or bottom to top (up) and c. 1-12 inches
thus must be specified in the welding procedure. d. 2 inches
(Obj. 15-1) 19. The Test 2 weld is considered easier than the Test1
a. True weld. (Obj. 15-3)
b. False a. True
11. When welding overhead fillet welds, which type of b. False
technique is generally used? (Obj. 15-2) 20. If welds made in the 3G and 4G positions are
a. Beading passed, what other positions and welds are also
b. Stringers qualified? (Obj. 15-3)
c. Weave a. 1G and 1F
d. Hip-hop b. 2G and 2F
12. The work angle for the first pass of an overhead c. 3F and 4F
fillet weld is from the vertical plate. d. All of these
(Obj.15-2) 21. Grind and machining marks should run lengthwise
a. 515 with the bend test specimens. (Obj. 15-4)
b. 2030 a. True
c. 6080 b. False
d. 7585 22. If a tear occurs at the corner of the bend test
13. The travel angle for a fillet weld in the overhead specimen, is this a failure? (Obj. 15-4)
position is . (Obj. 15-2) a. Yes.
a. Push 515 b. No.
b. Drag 515 c. Yes, if it is due to a discontinuity in the weld.
c. Push 7585 d. Sufficient information not provided.
d. Drag 7090 23. What is the corner radius of the bend test
14. When doing a multipass fillet weld, the work angle specimen? (Obj. 15-4)
will change with each pass to allow the arc force a. 116 inch
to deposit the weld metal in the proper location. b. 18 inch
(Obj. 15-2) c. 532 inch
a. True d. 14 inch
b. False

466Chapter 15Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 15-J43J55 (Plate)

 24. Fillet weld test qualification for welders also
qualifies them for . (Obj. 15-4)
a. Groove welds
b. Pressure welds
c. Only fillet welds
d. Groove welds in the flat position only
25. The student welder should pass test plate using both
F3 and F4 electrodes. Why? (Obj. 15-4)
a. Because of the drastic difference in manipulative
techniques.
b. Because the F3 electrodes are more difficult than
the F4 group.
c. Because it is important to produce welds with
defects and inclusions.
d. Because the AWS will not allow students to
weld with a lower F number electrode simply by
qualifying with a higher F number.
Review Questions
Write the answers in your own words.
26. Describe how the whipping technique controls
the keyhole size when welding the root pass on an
open-root V-groove butt joint.
27. Describe the arc manipulation technique to be used
with low hydrogen electrodes.
28. By now, you are familiar with the various types of
welded joints. Name the welds used for the follow-
ing joints: beading on flat plate, square butt joint,
lap joint, corner joint, single-V butt joint, T-joint,
edge joint, and double-bevel butt joint.
29. It is desired to weld a single-V butt joint on a 38inch
plate, without backing bar, in the vertical position,
travel down. Explain the entire welding procedure
including root condition, number of passes, size of
electrode, and welding heats.
30. How are single-V butt joints in the vertical position
tested?

INTERNET ACTIVITIES

Internet Activity A
Do a Web search on the following labor unions and make notes on if they are
active in making pipe welds: United Association of Plumbers and Pipe Fitters,
Iron Workers International, and International Training Institute (Sheet Metal
Workers).
Internet Activity B
Using your favorite search engine do a search on the chemicals used to make
E7016 and E7018 electrodes. What is the main difference between these two
electrodes? Tip: Remember who some of the leading manufacturers of welding
electrodes are.

Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 15-J43J55 (Plate) Chapter 15467
468

Table 15-5 Job Outline: Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 15-J43J55 (Plate)

Type of Electrode

AWS AWS AWS

Specif. and/ Specif. Text S.E.N.S.E.
Job No. Joint Type of Weld Position DCEP DCEN a.c. No. d.c. or No. a.c. Reference Reference1
15-J43 Single-V butt Groove weldingweaved Ver. (3G) X X E6010 E6011 440 NA
joint multipasstravel up E701618 E701618
15-J44 T-joint Fillet weldingsingle pass Over. (4F) X X E6010 E6011 443 Entry level
15-J45 T-joint Fillet weldingstringer Over. (4F) X X E6010 E6011 445 Entry level
multipass
15-J46 Lap joint Fillet weldingsingle pass Over. (4F) X X E6010 E6011 446 Entry level
15-J47 Lap joint Fillet weldingsingle pass Over. (4F) X X E7016, 7018 E7016, 7018 447 Entry level
15-J48 Single-V butt Groove weldingweaved Ver. (3G) X X E6010 E6011 450 NA
joint multipasstravel down
15-J49 T-joint Fillet weldingmultipass Over. (4F) X X E6010 E6011 454 Entry level
15-J50 T-joint Fillet weldingweaved Over. (4F) X X E6010 E6011 455 Entry level
multipass
15-J51 Single-V butt Groove weldingstringer Hor. (2G) X X E6010 E6011 458 NA
joint multipass E701618 E701618
15-J52 Fittings Fillet weldingsingle pass Hor. (2F) X X E701618 E701618 458 Entry level
15-J53 Fittings Fillet weldingsingle pass Hor. (2F) X X E6010 E6011 459 Entry level
15-J54 Single-V butt joint Groove weldingstringer Over. (4G) X X E6010 E6011 461 Entry level2
backing bar multipass E701618 E701618
15-J55 Single-V butt Groove weldingweaved Over. (4G) X X E6010 E6011 463 NA
joint multipass E701618 E701618

NA = not applicable.
AWS S.E.N.S.E. does not cover open-root joints on plate.
1

2
For entry level 2G3G with backing, bend tested (open-root joints also qualify). 4G only visual inspection (no bend test required). To qualify for advanced level on plate, the student must also perform fillet and groove welds in all
positions with stainless-steel electrodes on carbon steel plate or stainless-steel plate.