Project report on

Cross Cultural Communication

ON
New Zealand & Mexico
Carrier Management

Presented To: Presented By:

Prof G. Geethanjali Kumar Srijan Singh (71)

Soft skill trainer Lovely Kumari (72)

Ibs Hyderabad. Punam Zade (73)

Shikher Sharma (74)

Akansha Aggarwal (75)

Naman Sharma (76)

Priyanka (77)

Surya Kumar Teja (78)

Arishma Malik (79)

Shrishti Singh Parmar (80)

Varun (81)
 New Zealand Introduction
New Zealand has a population of slightly less than 4 million people with most living in the key
cities. The large majority of the population (89%) has a European heritage, primarily English.
Therefore, English is the predominant language and Christianity the largest religion. The Maori,
a Polynesian people who were the earliest inhabitants of New Zealand make up the remaining
population. There is little racial tension between the Maori and the predominately
European/English people. Though Maori and Europeans freely intermarry and have similar ways
of life, each maintains its identity, so social and cultural aspects remain distinct for each group.

The standard of living is high, and their literacy rate is 100%. The state provides extensive social
services for the welfare of its citizens, and has one of the most comprehensive health care
programs in the world. Adding to their quality of life is the nation's geographic location and size.
No one is greater than 75 miles from the ocean and the climate that encourages outdoor
activities. This nation actively participates in hiking, fishing, sailing, and competitive sports.

Although New Zealand is often mentioned in the same sentence with Australia, New Zealanders
do not appreciate this mutual reference, as they are an independent nation.

New Zealand Fun Fact

This country was very forward thinking. Not only did these people believe in individualism, they
created the environment for it to thrive. They also understood their obligation to the people who
worked to establish and maintain the society. In 1893, this British Commonwealth gave women
the right to vote, and in 1898, established an old-age pension, the first Commonwealth member
to do so. If you are walking down the street and see two people pressing noses, they are Maoris
using their traditional greeting. The Maoris are also highly regarded for their tattooing art.

New Zealand Behavior

Always be on time or early for all appointments. Punctuality is part of the culture.
"Fashionably late" is not an option in this country as most social events start on time.

Maintain a reserved, formal demeanor, especially when first meeting someone. Take your
lead to become more relaxed by following the behavior of your New Zealand hosts.

Normal business hours are Monday Friday 8:30am-5:00pm and Saturday 9:00am-
12:30pm.

Talking is minimal while you are eating a meal. The conversation will occur before and
after your meal. Dinners are reserved for social interactions only, therefore not business is
discussed at these occasions. Lunch is used for business conversations.
 Boisterous behavior is always inappropriate, even when you are drinking. Pace yourself to
maintain the proper reserved and polite behavior.

Afternoon tea is between 3:00 - 4:00pm.

Tea is between 6:00 - 8:00pm, and an evening meal is served.

Supper is a snack served much later in the evening,

A tip may be refused, as tipping is rare.

Entertaining is frequently done in a person's home. A small thank you gift of flowers,
chocolate, or whiskey may be taken to the host and/or hostess.

Cover your mouth if you must yawn, and do not chew gum or toothpicks in public.

Ask permission before you attempt to photograph someone.

Mexico Behavior
Men shake hands upon meeting and leaving, and will wait for a woman to be the first to
offer her hand.

Women may shake hands with men and other women. Many times a woman may pat
another woman's shoulder or forearm, or kiss on the cheek.

Longtime friends may embrace, and after several meetings you may also be greeted with an
embrace.

Punctuality is not rigid because of the emphasis on personal obligations. The best time for
appointments is between 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m., with late afternoon a second choice.

Business lunches, rather than dinners are the traditional form of business entertaining and
are usually prolonged affairs, beginning between 2:00 and 3:00 p.m. and lasting three to four
hours, with little time being devoted to actual business. Lunches are an essential part of business
to establish a personal relationship.

Working breakfasts are also popular, meeting at 8:00 or 8:30 at your hotel, and usually
lasting two hours at the most.

Conversations take place at a close physical distance. Stepping back may be regarded as
unfriendly.

Mexican men are warm and friendly, and make a lot of physical contact. They often touch
shoulders or hold anothers arm. To withdraw from this touch is considered insulting.

Giving gifts to business executives is not required. Small items with a company logo (for an
initial visit) are appreciated.

Secretaries do appreciate gifts. If giving a valuable gift, such as perfume or a scarf, present it
on a return visit. A man giving it to a female secretary should indicate the gift is from his wife.

Gifts are not required for a dinner guest, but will be appreciated. Good choices are candy,
flowers (sent ahead of time), or local crafts from home.

When giving flowers: yellow represent death, red cast spells, and white lift spells.

Do not give gifts made of silver, as it is associated with trinkets sold to tourists.

Women should not invite a male counterpart for a business dinner unless other associates or
spouses attend. Also, Mexican men will graciously attempt to pay for a meal, even though you
are hosting it. A professional way to host a meal is to dine or lunch at your hotel. Pre-arrange to
have the meal added to your hotel bill.

Tipping is appropriate for services provided. Wages are often so low that workers depend
heavily on gratuities for their income.

Pay for store purchases by placing money in the cashiers hand, rather than on the counter.

Mexico Appearance
Men should wear a conservative dark suit and tie. Your wardrobe should include suits that
have classic lines and tailoring in gray or navy, and white or light blue shirts. A white shirt is
more formal and should be worn when the formality of the meeting dictates.
 Women should wear a dress or skirt and blouse. A classic suit may also be worn. Build a
wardrobe using classic lines, classic skirt lengths, and basic classic colors - gray, navy, white,
and ivory.

Men may wear pants and a light shirt for casual. Plan a casual wardrobe using the classic
colors, plus camel, and you will be casual, yet polished. Should you have the opportunity to wear
a guayabera, the wonderful traditional lightweight shirt, you wear is out over your pants. This
design is very comfortable in warmer weather.

Women may wear a blouse with pants or a skirt for casual. To present yourself as
professional and polished, even in an informal setting, build your casual wardrobe using classic
shades of gray, blue, camel, white and ivory.

Jeans are generally not appropriate, and tight or low cut clothing is never appropriate.

Standing with your hands on your hips suggests aggressiveness, and keeping your hands in
your pockets is impolite.

Mexicans may not make eye contact. This is a sign of respect and should not be taken as an
affront.

APPEARANCE
National Dress

New Zealand does not have a specific national dress. Customary Mori clothing is
the only form of dress that is distinctive to New Zealand. Kahu (cloaks) give
significant mana and honor to official occasions, such as royal tours and state
funerals.

In Europe, national dress evolved from peasant or folk styles and was linked with
nationalist movements. Many of these forms of dress, most notably the Scottish
kilt, were brought to New Zealand by migrants.

Subtle details mark out Pkeh New Zealanders travelling overseas. In the 19th
century these included a piece of pounamu (greenstone) on a mans watch-chain.
The 21st-century equivalent was a pounamu pendant.
Cross-cultural clothing

With European settlement Mori men and women especially those living near
mission stations and town settlements began wearing European clothing. One
way Mori obtained European clothing was as payment in land transactions. Mori
men and women wore European clothing in a variety of ways and on their own
terms. Many outfits blended Mori and European styles.

Mori design has had an impact on European clothing in New Zealand. A widely
used motif is the spiral koru, a form based on the unfurling fern frond that
represents new life.

Pacific clothing influences have also been apparent. Since the 1970s Pkeh New
Zealanders have sometimes worn colourful Samoan ie lavalava (a wrap-around
length of printed fabric) to the beach.

In the 20th century distinctive national and ethnic clothing was usually only worn
for special occasions, such as weddings and funerals, and national and religious
days. With the dramatic increase in ethnic diversity in New Zealand a greater
variety of everyday clothing today is non-European.

International Business Dress and Appearance:

When conducting business in New Zealand, you want to dress conservatively

and tending toward a more formal look.

Men should wear darker colored suits with a conservative tie. To maintain
formality, a white shirt would be worn.

Women should wear a suit, a dress, or skirt and blouse with a jacket. The
wardrobe should incorporate classic styles and colors (navy and gray).

Umbrellas and raincoats are necessary most of the year because of the climate
and rainfall. The climate is temperate, not tropical. A medium weight wool
gabardine would be a good choice of fabric for your basic wardrobe.
 When not involved in business meetings and activities, your wardrobe may be
casual. To maintain a professional, though casual look, keep your clothing
classic in neutral colors (navy, gray, camel, ivory, and white). Make sure your
casual shoes are properly maintained.

Most restaurants do not have dress codes and except in business, dress is
decidedly casual.

Do not use the "V for victory" sign while in this country.

A Look at Mexican Language, Culture, Customs

Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico,
between Belize and the US and bordering the North Pacific Ocean,
Location between Guatemala and the US
Capital Mexico City
Climate varies from tropical to desert
Population 120,286,655 (2014 est.)
mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly
Ethnic Make-up: Amerindian 30%,white 9%, other 1%
Religious nominally Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6%, other 5%
Government federal republic

Language in Mexico
Spanish control of Mexico led to the dominance of Spanish, the official language. As many as
100 Native American languages are still spoken in Mexico, but no single alternative language
prevails. Eighty percent of those Mexicans who speak an indigenous language also speak
Spanish.
The most important of the Native American languages is Nahuatl. It is the primary language of
more than a million Mexicans and is spoken by nearly one-fourth of all Native Americans in the
country. This is followed by Maya, used by 14 percent of Native Americans, and Mixteco and
Zapoteco, each spoken by about seven percent of Native Americans. No other indigenous
language is spoken by more than five percent of Mexico's Native Americans.
Why not learn some useful Spanish phrases?

Mexican Society & Culture, Mexican Family Values

The family is at the centre of the social structure.
Outside of the major cosmopolitan cities, families are still generally large.
The extended family is as important as the nuclear family since it provides a sense of stability.
Mexicans consider it their duty and responsibility to help family members. For example, the will
help find employment or finance a house or other large purchase.
Most Mexican families are extremely traditional, with the father as the head, the authority figure
and the decision-maker.
Mothers are greatly revered, but their role may be seen as secondary to that of their husband.
Hierarchical Society
Mexican society and business are highly stratified and vertically structured.
Mexicans emphasize hierarchical relationships.
People respect authority and look to those above them for guidance and decision-making.
Rank is important, and those above you in rank must always be treated with respect.
This makes it important to know which person is in charge, and leads to an authoritarian
approach to decision-making and problem- solving.
Mexicans are very aware of how each individual fits into each hierarchy--be it family, friends or
business.
It would be disrespectful to break the chain of hierarchy.
'Machismo' Machismo literally means 'masculinity'.
There are different outward behaviours to display machismo.
For example, making remarks to women is a stereotypical sign of machismo and should not be
seen as harassment.
Mexican males generally believe that nothing must be allowed to tarnish their image as a man.
Etiquette & Customs in Mexico,Meeting Etiquette
When greeting in social situations, women pat each other on the right forearm or shoulder, rather
than shake hands
Men shake hands until they know someone well, at which time they progress to the more
traditional hug and back slapping.
Wait until invited before using a Mexican's first name

Business Etiquette and Protocol in Mexico

Relationships & Communication
The right connections facilitate business success.
You will be judged by the person who introduces you and changing this first impression is nearly
impossible.
Since the initial meeting is generally with someone of high stature, it is important that your
delegation include an upper-level executive.
After the initial getting-to-know-you meeting, the senior executive may not attend meetings or be
visible.
This indicates you are now getting down to business and they are no longer needed to smooth the
introduction.
Demonstrating trustworthiness, sincerity, and integrity are crucial to building relationships.
Expect to answer questions about your personal background, family and life interests.
Business Meeting Etiquette:
Business appointments are required and should be made at least 2 weeks in advance. Reconfirm
the appointment one week before the meeting.
Reconfirm the meeting again once you arrive in Mexico and make sure that the secretary of the
person you will be meeting knows how to contact you. It is important that you arrive on time for
meetings, although your Mexican business associates may be up to 30 minutes late.
Do not appear irritated if this occurs as people often run behind schedule.
Meetings may be postponed with little advance warning.
Initial meetings are formal.
Have all written material available in both English and Spanish.
Agendas are not common. If they are given, they are not always followed.
Business Dress:
Dress as you would in Europe.
Men should wear conservative, dark colored suits.
Women should wear business suits or conservative dresses.

NEW ZEALAND COMMUNICATION PRACTICES

The official language is English.

When meeting someone, and when leaving, use a firm handshake with good eye contact.
Good eye contact means looking into the other person's eyes when shaking hands, not
looking down at your hand. The eye contact is maintained during the handshake. You are
not staring at the other person, but showing genuine interest in meeting or seeing the
person.

Men generally wait for a woman to be the first to extend her hand for a handshake.
Women do shake other women's hands. Use your same firm handshake with good eye
contact.
When your are meeting someone, say "How do you do?" A more relaxed greeting, such
as "Hello", is reserved for the meetings after you've had the opportunity to get to know
the person.

The people are reserved, but always very warm and polite when you meet them. Address
a person using his/her title, or Mr., Mrs., Miss plus the full name.

Honesty is the best policy. Don't hype your product or service, and don't be a braggart.
Do not allow your voice to get loud. Maintain a reserved manner. Politics, sports, and
weather are good conversational topics, and may be hotly debated. In order to be a good
 conversationalist, stay current and informed on critical topics. One in particular is New
Zealand's "nuclear free" zone.

Avoid confusing or comparing New Zealand with Australia, as they are two distinct
countries. If you are not familiar with New Zealand, spend time before your trip to learn
about the history and culture.

NEWZELAND DINING ETIQUETTES

Dining Etiquette

New Zealanders are casual as is reflected in their table manners.

The more formal the occasion, the more strict the protocol.
Wait to be told where to sit.
Meals are often served family-style.
Keep your elbows off the table and your hands above the table when eating.
Table manners are Continental -- hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right
while eating. They will not look askance, however, if you adopt American table manners.
Indicate you have finished eating by laying your knife and fork parallel on your plate
with the handles facing to the right.

Maori Dining Etiquette

Following a Powhiri, the visitors will be asked to the dining room (a separate building to the
carved meeting house) to sit to eat at long trestle tables. . They should not eat until the food has
been blessed or an acknowledgement said by an elder of the home people even if the food is
getting cold. . Visitors should try to enable the home people to sit amongst them to chat and get
to know them while eating. . Often, younger people will be serving and older people will be
working in the kitchen. . It is important to realize that in most cases they are working voluntarily
and it is appropriate to formally and publicly thank them near the close of the meal before
leaving the dining room to begin the meeting. As a result of this, the visitors may be light-
heartedly asked to sing.

To sing a song from your home country would show respect and thanks.
 Religion in Mexico

* WORLD FACTBOOK 2011

In a country that has over 50% of its population practicing the Catholic religion, we found the
primary correlating Hofstede Dimension to be Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI). There were only 2
countries out of 23 that did not follow this correlation; they were Ireland and the Philippines.

Religion in New Zealand

* WORLD FACTBOOK 2002

We have defined a predominantly Christian country as over 50% of the population practicing
some form of Christianity, other than Catholicism. In this group, the primary correlation between
religion and the Geert Hofstede Dimensions is a high Individualism (IDV) ranking.