SKELETAL SYSTEM

By
Nurul Hidayati, dr
Anatomy-Histology Department
Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University

The objectives
After learning this sub topic, students are able to :

Describe the general structure of bone including the growth

and development

Identify varied bones based on the shape and characteristic

external and internal features which arrange the bony
skeleton

Discuss and explain the significance of the arrangement of

bones to form the skeleton and their function in articulations

OUTLINES
Nomenclature
General Features
Bony Skeleton
Structure of Bone
Ossification
Bone Classification

Specific Skeleton
 Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton

Bony Skeleton
Structure:
Bones
Cartilage
Function
Protection
Support
Movement
Storage for minerals
Supply of new blood cells
Parts
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton

Structure of Bone

-The composition of bone consist of :

Water 50%
Solid substance 50%
Organic substance 31%
Bone Matrix : Ossein collagen fiber tissue : A
fibrous protein that provide flexibility
Bone Cellular
 Inorganic substance 69%
Bone matrix : Calcium Phosphate, calcium
carbonate etc Mineral salts that provide
hardness

Bone cellular
Osteogenic cells : stem cells.
Osteoblasts : bone building cells, secrete matrix substance
collagen fibers, deposit minerals
Osteocytes : mature bone cells that no longer secrete matrix
Osteoclasts : bone digestion, remove matrix substance and
release minerals

Structure of Bone
Type of Bones
Compact Bone : dense and solid
Spongy Bone : form an open network of struts and plates
Both them are present in typical bones
Bone Layers
Periosteum
Endosteum

Histology Structure of Compact Bone

Concentric Lamellae : calcified matrix surrounding a vertically
oriented blood vessel.
 Lacuna : a small hollow space, contains osteocytes.
Canaliculus : a small channel filled with extracellular fluid that
connects lacunae to each other, and to the central canal.
Central Canal : a circular channel that contains blood and lymphatic
vessels, and nerves.