B Xy dng cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam

-------- c lp - T do - Hnh phc

S: 20/2004/Q-BXD ----------
H ni, ngy 20 thng 8 nm 2004

Quyt nh ca b trng B Xy dng

V vic ban hnh TCXDVN319 : 2004 "Lp t h thng ni t thit b
cho cc cng trnh cng nghip - Yu cu chung "

b trng B Xy dng

- Cn c Ngh nh s 36 / 2003 / N-CP ngy 4 / 4 / 2003 ca Chnh ph

quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Xy
dng.
- Cn c Bin bn s 64 / BB- HKHCN ngy 24 thng 5 nm 2004 ca Hi
ng Khoa hc k thut chuyn ngnh nghim thu ti xy dng
tiu chun "Lp t h thng ni t thit b cho cng trnh cng nghip
".
- Xt ngh ca V trng V Khoa hc Cng ngh

quyt nh

iu 1: Ban hnh km theo quyt nh ny 01 Tiu chun xy dng

Nam : Vit

TCXDVN 319 : 2004 "Lp t h thng ni t thit b cho cc

cng trnh
cng nghip - Yu cu chung ".

iu 2: Quyt nh ny c hiu lc sau 15 ngy k t ngy ng

cng
bo.

iu 3: Cc ng: Chnh vn phng B, V trng V Khoa hc Cng

ngh, Tng gim c Tng Cng ty lp my Vit Nam v Th trng cc
n v
c lin quan chu trch nhim thi hnh Quyt nh ny ./.

Ni nhn: - V Php ch
- Nh iu 3 - Lu VP&V KHCN
- VP Chnh Ph
- Cng bo
- B T php
B trng b xy
dng

Nguyn Hng
Qun
TCXDVN 319 : 2004

Lp t h thng ni t thit b cho cc cng trnh cng nghip-

yu cu chung

Installation of Equipment Earthing System for Industrial Projects-

General requirements
Mc lc

Trang

Li ni u4

1-Phm vi p dng 5

2-Ti liu vin dn 6

3-Nhng qui nh chung 7

4-Lp t in cc t 14

5-Lp t dy ni t chnh 18

6-Lp t dy bo v ca h thng ni t thit b cng nghip 21

7-Lp t dy ni ng th 31

8-Lp t h thng ni t thit b in cao p v trm bin p h p

34

9-Lp t cc hnh thi ni t cho h thng iu khin v gim st

s dng my tnh 52
10-Kim tra h thng ni t thit b 57

Ph lc A: Thut ng v nh ngha 60

Ph lc B: Phn loi ni lp t h thng ni t theo mc nguy him

67
li ni u

TCXDVN....................: 2004 do Tng cng ty Lp my Vit nam bin son,

V

Khoa hc Cng ngh trnh duyt, B Xy dng ban hnh theo

quyt nh s

.........................../Q-BXD, ngy...........................
Lp t h thng ni t thit b cho cc cng trnh cng

nghip Yu cu chung

Installation of Equipment Earthing System for Industrial Projects-General

Requirements

1-Phm vi p dng:

1.1-Tiu chun ny qui nh cc yu cu chung v la chn v lp t

h thng ni t ca cc thit b in lm vic vi in p xoay chiu
ln hn 42V v in
p mt chiu ln hn 110V trong hng ro mt cng trnh sn xut cng
nghip. H thng ni t thit b qui nh theo tiu chun ny thuc c
hai hnh thi ni
t, ni t bo v v ni t chc nng, trong ni t bo v l
ch yu.

1.2- Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho vic lp t h thng ni t

ca nh

my in, ng dy ti in trn khng, trm bin p trung gian thuc

cc d

n pht, dn v phn phi in nng v mt s cng trnh c cng ngh

c bit nh cc cng trnh ngm, bn cng, sn bay, ch bin du
m, hm l, v.v...

1.3-Khi lp t h thng ni t thit b, ngoi vic p dng tiu chun

ny cn phi tho mn cc yu cu qui nh trong cc h s k thut c
lin quan.
2-Ti liu vin dn:

Tiu chun ca U ban k thut in quc t v thit b in h p IEC

439-1

1992

Tiu chun ca U ban k thut in quc t v lp t in IEC 364-

4

1993

Tiu chun ca U ban k thut in quc t v lp t in IEC 364-

5

1994

Qui phm ca Hi k s in Anh v lp t dy in IEE

1981

Tiu chun c v lp t in AS 3000

1991
3-Nhng quy nh chung

3.1-Cc b phn c tnh dn in khng mang in trn ton cng

trnh c lit

k di y phi c bo v chng mi nguy him do chm in gin tip

bng bin php ni t thit b kt hp vi t ng ct ngun cung cp
bng thit b bo v:

- b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in nh my bin

p, my

in v kh c in, v.v...

- b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b v ph kin chiu

sng;
- b phn truyn ng c tnh dn in ca my in v kh c
in;

- khung kim loi ca t, bng in v bn iu khin;

- v kim loi ca cc my in di ng v cm tay;

- v kim loi v cc lp bc kim loi ca cp;

- phng tin bao che v ph kin kim loi phc v lp t dy v
cp in nhng khng trc tip mang dng in nh ng lun dy,
khay, thang, mng cp; hp ni kim loi, dy thp treo cp in, ct kim
loi, v.v...

- v kim loi, tip im ni t ca cm v ca cm c dy

ni di.

3.2-Khng cn ni t bo v cho cc thit b c cc hnh thi bo

v sau:

- thit b c cch in kp hoc cp cch in tng ng;

- thit b c cp in thng qua mt bin p cch ly dng ring cho

n c cun dy pha tiu th in cch ly v in vi ngun in;

- thit b lm vic vi in p cc thp.

3.3-Ni no khng th lp t dy v cp in xa hn cc kt cu
kim loi phc

v mc ch khc th cc kt cu cng phi ni t. Cc kt cu

kim loi phi ni t gm:

a) ng kim loi i ni, thng, b, chu, vi, ng thi nc bn, ng gp nc

ma v cc hng mc tng t;

b) khung sn ca cc cn cu, thang my, bng ti, thit b bc d, gt,

nh ng v cc hng mc tng t khc trn c lp thit b in.

c) ng ray v kt cu thp khc tip cn c.

Mch ni t ca cc kt cu kim loi ngoi tri phi c tng tr nh i

vi dng cao tn to bi phng in kh quyn.

3.4-Phi ni t cun th cp ca cc my bin p o lng.

3.5-Trn quan im ni t, mt tp hp bao gm mt ngun cp in h

p nh my pht in hoc my bin p, ton b dy v cp in cng
cc thit b s dng in nng ca ngun cp in phi c coi l
mt h thng in c mt trong cc kiu ni t TN, TT v IT. Trong cc
h thng ny, b phn cp
in nh my pht in, my bin p c coi l ngun in nng tch ri
khi cc thit b cn li ca h thng v phn cn li c coi l mng
in.

3.6-Mi ngun cp in hoc mi mng in phi c mt thanh ci

hoc u cc ni t chnh c th ni vo :

- in cc t hoc phng tin ni t ni vi im ni t ca

ngun;

- dy ni t bo v mch;

- dy ni ng th chnh;

- dy ni t chc nng (nu c yu cu);

- trc ni t;

- dy ni t chnh nh minh ho trn hnh 1.

3.7-Phi b tr thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ch d tip cn
c th

tho ri cc mi ni khi cn o in tr ni t ca h thng ni t.

Mi ni thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh phi vng chc v c
v m bo duy tr
c tnh lin tc v in v ch c th tho ri bng dng c.
3.8-Tr trng hp c bit, mi h thng in h p gm ngun
cp in l my pht in h p hoc cun h p ca my bin p v
mng in ca n trong cng trnh cng nghip phi ni t kiu TN.

3.9-Trong h thng TN, nn s dng thit b bo v qu dng nh my ct

hoc cu ch t ng ct ngun khi c s c chm t v phi
tun th cc qui nh sau:

- trong h thng TN, chiu di ca cp xut pht t sau my ct

hoc cu ch khng c vt qu chiu di ti a tnh ton trn c s hn
ch tng
tr ca mch vng chm t nhm m bo cho thit b bo v
c lin quan tc ng tin cy;

- trong s TN-S, dy trung tnh ch c ni t ti trm bin p.

Cc

in cc t b sung v tr khc, nu cn, ch c ni vo dy PE;

- trong s TN-C, khi dy trung tnh cn ni t lp li gim

in p chm, phi b tr cc in cc t b sung cch khong dc
theo dy PEN trong in cc t b sung cui phi t ti phn x-
ng cnh t cp
in chnh. Khng c ct h mch dy PEN bng thit b ct bo v
v phi ni dy PEN xut pht t thanh ci PEN ca t phn phi vi v
kim loi ca thit b dng in trc khi ni dy PEN vi cc trung tnh ca
thit b .

3.10-Ch cho php p dng kiu ni t TT cho mng in h p c cng

sut nh nu vic thc hin ni t kiu TN gp kh khn nh khi cp
in xut pht
t sau my ct hoc cu ch n ph ti qu di, khng m bo cho
thit b bo

v c lin quan tc ng tin cy hoc i hi tn km khng hp l.

Phi la chn cc in tr ni t ca ngun in v mng in trn c

s m bo nhy ca bo v chm t v nn s dng thit b dng
in d lm thit
b ct bo v.

3.11-H thng h p ni t kiu IT ch p dng khi c nhng yu cu

c bit

v an ton cp in. in tr ni t ca mng in trong h thng IT

phi ph
hp vi thit b kim tra cch in i vi t ca mng in , nhm
pht hin nhanh im chm t th nht v phi m bo cho thit b
bo v t ng ct nhanh ngun in ra khi mng in khi im
chm t th hai xut hin m
im chm t th nht cha c loi tr.

Phi t bo v chng qu in p tn s cng nghip cho

mng in. Nu ngun in l my bin p c in p pha s cp ln
hn 1000V th phi t bo
v chc thng cch in cho cun h p ca my bin p.

3.12-Khi trm bin p cp in h p cho mt cng trnh cng nghip

trc tip ni vi li cao p bn ngoi cng trnh, nu vic thc hin mt
h thng ni t chung cho thit b in cao p v thit b in h p
ca trm gp kh khn v
i hi tn km khng hp l th nn p dng hai h thng ni t ring
bit:

mt cho thit b in cao p v mt cho thit b in h p.

3.13-Khi cng trnh cng nghip c trm bin p trung gian hoc trm
ct u vo phn phi in nng c in p dy nm trong
khong t 3kV n 24kV cho cc trm bin p h p ca cc phn xng
hoc khu vn phng th mi trm bin p nh th phi c mt h thng
ni t chung cho cc thit b in cao v
h p v phi p dng s TN pha h p.

3.14-Trong cng trnh cng nghip, im trung tnh ca my pht, v

my pht,

v cc thit b in v cc kt cu kim loi ca trm pht in d phng

u phi ni vi in cc t thng qua mt u cc hoc thanh ci
ni t chnh v phi ni u cc hoc thanh ci ni t chnh ny vi
thanh ci bo v trong t cp
in cho ph ti s c bng dy bo v i cng vi cp cp ngun t my
pht,

ng thi ni thanh ci bo v trong t cp in cho ph ti s c vi

thanh ci

t trong t ng ct in tng ca trm bin p thng trc c lin

quan. Nu my pht d phng gn ngun thng trc, im trung tnh
ca n c php ni vi in cc t ca ngun ny v khng cn c
in cc t khu vc my pht.

3.15-Vic la chn cc in tr ni t ca ngun v mng in trong

mt h
thng in h p trc ht phi da trn c s tnh ton dng ngn mch
chm
t ln nht trong h thng in h p kt hp vi mt s gii php v
cu hnh ni t v ni ng th nhm tho mn cc yu cu v in
p chm trong
iu 3.16.

3.16- ln v thi gian duy tr ca in p chm trong h thng in

h p khng c vt qu cc gi tr cho trong bng 1 vi iu kin in p
chm cho php l 42V i vi dng xoay chiu tn s cng nghip v l
110V i vi dng mt chiu.

Bng 1 - Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca in p chm trong h

thng in h p ph thuc ln ca n vi iu kin in p chm cho
php l 42V i vi dng xoay chiu tn s cng nghip v l 110V i vi
dng mt chiu.

Tr s hiu dng ca Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca

in in p chm

p chm s

V i vi dng xoay chiu i vi dng mt chiu

tn s cng nghip

42 5,00 5,00

50 4,00 5,00

65 3,00 5,00

75 0,60 5,00

90 0,45 5,00

110 0,34 5,00

220 0,1 0,30
2

280 0,20
0,0
8
350 0,10

0,0
500 4
3.17-Khi la chn v lp t h thng ni t ca mt trm bin p lm
vic vi

in p cao pha s cp, ngoi vic p ng cc yu cu ca iu 3.15,

cn phi tun th cc qui nh trong phn 8 ca bn tiu chun ny.

3.18-Phi la chn v lp t h thng ni t ca mng in sao cho:

a) gi tr in tr t thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ca mng

in

n im ni t ca ngun in i vi cc h thng TN, hoc n

in cc t ca mng in i vi cc h thng TT v IT, phi ph hp

vi cc yu cu bo v v chc nng ca mng in v phi c
trin vng gi c hiu qu lu di;

b) dng ngn mch chm t v dng in c th r ra t phi c

dn

i m khng gy nguy him g, c bit l do cc hiu ng cng

thng v nhit, c nhit v c in;

c) trang b ni t phi bn chc hoc c thm phng tin bo v

c

hc c th thch nghi vi cc iu kin nh hng t bn ngoi.

3.19-Khi lp t h thng ni t, phi ht sc thn trng nhm trnh

nguy c

to ra hin tng in phn lm hng cc b phn kim loi khc.

3.20-Nu mt khu vc sn xut no , mt s mng in khc nhau

phi s dng cc h thng ni t ring r th bt c dy bo v no
chy qua gia hai mng in khc nhau nh vy cng phi sc
mang dng in ngn mch chm t ln nht c kh nng chy qua
n hoc ch c php ni t trong phm vi mng in c lin quan vi
n v phi c cch in i vi h thng ni t ca cc mng in
khc. Trong trng hp th hai, nu dy bo v l
thnh phn ca mt si cp th dy bo v ch c ni t trong
phm vi mng in c cha thit b ct bo v c lin quan vi n.

3.21-C th chia h thng ni t ca mt mng in thnh nhiu h

thng ni

t con v trong trng hp ny, mi h thng ni t con nh th cng

phi

c lp t ph hp vi cc yu cu ca bn tiu chun ny.

3.22-H thng ni t c th s dng kt hp hoc ring r cho hai mc

ch bo

v v chc nng tu thuc cc yu cu ca mng in. Ni no h thng

ni t

s dng kt hp cho c hai mc ch bo v v chc nng, th

phi u tin cho cc yu cu v ni t bo v.

4-Lp t in cc t:

4.1-Mi ni in c hiu qu vi ton khi t ca h thng ni t bo

v thit

b in cng nghip phi thc hin bng cch s dng in cc t.

4.2-Cc loi in cc t c tha nhn v kch thc ti thiu ca chng
c lit k di y:

a) in cc thanh hoc ng kim loi dng cc nhn:

- in cc thanh kim loi trn dng cc nhn phi c ng knh qui

nh bi thit k, nhng trong mi trng hp khng c nh hn

16mm nu l in cc thp v khng c nh hn 12mm nu l

in cc kim loi khng phi thp hoc l in cc c lp kim loi bc
ngoi khng phi st hoc thp; khng c dng thanh thp gai hoc
thanh ct thp lm in cc t dng cc nhn;

- in cc thanh thp gc phi c chiu dy khng nh hn

4mm;

in cc thanh thp gc phi c m km nng hoc c bo v

chng n mn bng phng php khc;

- in cc ng kim loi dng cc nhn phi c ng knh trong ti

thiu 19mm v chiu dy ng ti thiu 2,45mm; in cc ng thp phi
c m km nng hoc c bo v chng n mn bng phng
php khc v phi l loi ng rn chc.

b) in cc thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn nm ngng:

- in cc thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn phi c kch th-

c qui

nh bi thit k nhng trong mi trng hp khng c nh hn

25mm x 1,5mm nu l thanh ng dt v khng c nh hn

35mm2 nu l dy ng trn;

- in cc thanh thp dt nm ngang phi c kch thc khng nh

hn 40m x 4m; cn in cc thanh thp trn nm ngang phi c
ng knh khng nh hn 16mm; in cc thanh thp dt hoc
trn nm ngang phi c m km nng hoc c bo v chng n mn
bng phng php khc; khng c dng thanh thp gai hoc thanh ct
thp lm in cc t nm ngang.

Thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn dng lm in cc nm ngang phi c

chiu di ti thiu 3m. Tit din ca in cc t nm ngang cho cc
thit
b in c in p ln hn 1000V phi c chn theo bn nhit xut
pht t nhit pht nng cho php l 400oC.

c) in cc tm kim loi:
in cc tm kim loi phi l tm ng cng c chiu dy khng nh hn

1.5mm. Nn hn ch dng loi in cc ny v l do n mn, c bit l

cc ch ni.

d) in cc kim loi t chn mng cng trnh:

in cc ny phi c hn ni vi kt cu thp ca mng t nht hai

im cch xa nhau. Cc khu ni vi dy ni t chnh phi v tr d

tip cn kim tra v sau v vic thi cng cc mi ni phi c gim
st cht ch trc khi b tng mng.

4.3-Cc b phn kim loi sau y c th dng lm in cc t t nhin:

- cc ng dn nc khng thuc dch v cp nc cng cng v cc ng

dn bng kim loi khc t di t ca cng trnh tr cc ng ng dn
cc cht lng d chy, kh v hp cht chy, n.

- thanh ging gia c v kt cu thp ca b tng di t ca

nh v cng trnh xy dng, nhng phi thn trng khng lm
hng ct thp ca b tng chu ng lc trc.

- v bc ch hoc v bc kim loi khc khng phi nhm ca cp

tho

mn cc iu kin ca iu 4.4;

- cc kt cu kim loi khc chn di t c mi tip xc hiu qu v

bn vng vi ton khi t ph hp vi cc iu kin ca bn tiu
chun ny.

4.4-V bc ch v v bc bng kim loi khc khng phi nhm ca cc cp

in khng s h hng v n mn thi qu c th dng lm in cc t
min l c s tho thun bng vn bn ca n v s hu cp v phi c
s dn xp thch hp
n v s dng mng in cnh gic vi bt c thay i no trong
h thng cp c th lm hng vai tr in cc t ca cc cp ny.
4.5-Vt liu s dng v cu to ca in cc t phi m bo
cho n chng

c ph hng do n mn.

4.6-Khi chn in cc t phi tnh n kh nng tng in tr ca

in cc t do n mn qua thi gian s dng.

4.7-Tt c cc loi in cc t phi c b mt sch khng ph sn,

men hoc cc vt liu khc c dn in km.

4.8-in cc t lp t ngoi to nh phi v tr t phi di ma

nng v xa hn cc kt cu kim loi chn di t phc v mc ch
khc. in cc t lp
t ngoi to nh phi t cch mng khng t hn 1m.

4.9-Phi duy tr c ly khng nh hn 0,5m gia in cc t v kt cu

kim loi chn di t ca cc h thng khc nhm hn ch kh nng xut
hin tc dng
in phn c hi cho in cc hoc cho h thng khc.

4.10-in cc t thanh hoc ng kim loi dng cc nhn phi c ng

su xung t ti su qui nh bi thit k. t phi lin th v
chn cht ln ton
b chiu di ca in cc t. Khi chn v tr ng in cc t, phi
chn ni sn c m cao nht nu iu kin thc t cho php.

su lp t in cc t thanh hoc ng kim loi dng cc nhn do

thit k

qui nh nhng nn trong khong t 0,5m n 1,2m tnh t nh cc

n mt

t lin th. Cn chn su lp t in cc ln khi in tr sut

ca t gim theo su.

4.11-in cc t thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn phi c chn cht

trong mng t nm ngang. t lp li phi l t ng nht, khng c
cha rm v ph liu xy dng v phi c m cht.

su lp t in cc t thanh dt hoc dy kim loi trn do thit

k qui nh nhng nn trong khong t 0,5m n 1,2m tnh t nh
trn ca in cc n mt t lin th. Cn chn su lp t
in cc ln khi in tr sut ca t gim theo su.
4.12-Chiu di ca in cc t dng cc nhn do thit k qui nh nh-
ng nn trong khong t 2,5m n 3m. Cho php hn ni nhm tng
chiu di ca in cc trong trng

hp in cc t cn c chiu di ln hn 3m, min l khng lm suy

gim tnh lin tc v in v v c ca in cc.

4.13-Tr khi c qui nh khc i, in cc t dng cc nhn ng

thng ng hoc nghing thuc h thng ni t ca mt phn xng
phi ng cch nhau khng qu 20m v ni vi nhau bng cc on in
cc t nm ngang hnh thnh mt mch vng in cc bao quanh
phn xng .

4.14-Khi ng in cc t dng cc nhn xung t, phi s dng

chp u cc chuyn dng khng lm hng u trn ca in
cc. Trng hp t qu cng, cho php s dng khoan mi c -
ng knh mi khoan nh hn ng knh ca in cc sao cho khi
ng in cc xung l khoan, cc lp t phi chn cht ln ton b
chiu di ca n.

4.15-Dy ni gia cc u cc dng thanh hoc ng kim loi dng lm

in cc phi c tit din khng nh hn tit din ca dy ni t
chnh. Phi t dy ni ny su do thit k qui nh nhng trong
mi trng hp khng c nh hn 0,5m tnh t mt trn ca dy n
mt t lin th.
5-Lp t dy ni t chnh:

5.1-Khi lp t h thng ni t, phi c gng dy ni t chnh

chy thng t thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh n in cc t
hoc phng tin khc to
c mi ni in c hiu qu vi ton khi t. Khng c u vo
on dy ni t chnh i t thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh
n in cc t bt k dy bo v no ca cc thit b in nm
dc theo hnh trnh ca n.

5.2-Tr khi c qui nh khc i, dy ni t chnh dng trong h thng

ni t ca thit bi in cng nghip phi l dy mt li bc cch in
PVC c kt cu
li ng ti lm ngui chm, nhiu si bn xon, cch in c
mang k hiu mu xanh v vng kt hp.

5.3-Khng c dng dy nhm hoc nhm bc ng lm dy ni

t chnh chn trong t hoc trc tip ni vi in cc.

5.4-Khng c dng phng tin bao che dy v cp in, dy thp treo

cp

in, v kim loi v lp bc thp ca cp lm dy ni t chnh.

5.5-Dy ni t chnh khng c i chung vi dy dn ca mt t ng

ct in nhnh hoc ca mt ph ti nhnh trong mt ng lun dy
hoc ng bao che.
5.6-Phi chn tit din ca dy ni t chnh ph hp vi qui nh ca
iu 6.2

hoc 6.3 v nu chn trong t hoc trc tip ni vi in cc, tit

din ca dy
ni t chnh chn theo iu 6.2 hoc 6.3 cn phi tho mn iu kin
b sung l

khng c nh hn gi tr qui nh trong bng 2.

Bng 2 Bng qui nh tit din ti thiu ca dy ni t chnh chn

trong

c bo v chng ph khng c bo v
hng c hc chng ph hng c hc

c bo v chng n theo qui nh ca 16mm2 ng

mn iu
6.2 16mm2 thp

khng c bo v 25mm2 ng 25mm2 ng

chng
n mn 50mm2 thp 50mm2 thp

5.7-Khng cn chn tit din ca dy ni t chnh theo tit din ca

dy pha

mang in ca mch cp in tng trong cc trng hp sau:

a) Trng hp trn tt c cc l cp in cho cc t ng ct in nhnh

v cc ph ti nhnh, cch in kp c duy tr sut t hng kp dy

pha ph ti ca thit b bo v trong t ng ct in tng n tn
hp dy vo ca ph ti in. Trong trng hp ny c th chn tit din
nh nht ca dy ni t chnh theo tit din ca dy pha mang in
ca l ra c cng sut ln nht cp in cho t ng ct in nhnh
hoc cho ph ti nhnh;

b) Trng hp dy dn ca mch cp in tng c tit din ln hn yu

cu tho mn nhu cu ti a ca ph ti tng ca mng in do phi hn
ch in p ri trn n.Trong trng hp ny c th chn tit din nh nht
ca dy ni t chnh theo tit din nh nht ca dy pha tho mn nhu
cu ti a ca ph ti tng.

Dy ni t chnh khng trc tip ni vi in cc t v khng chn di

t c tit din chn ph hp vi 5.7 a hoc 5.7 b cn phi tho mn yu
cu b sung l
khng c nh hn 4 mm2 nu l dy ng hoc khng nh hn
16mm2 nu l

dy nhm.

Dy ni t chnh trc tip ni vi in cc hoc chn di t c tit

din chn ph hp vi 5.7 a hoc 5.7 b cn phi tho mn iu kin b
sung l khng c nh hn gi tr qui nh trong bng 2 ca iu 5.6.

5.8-Dy ni t chnh khi i ni mt ngoi to nh phi c bo v

chng ph

hng c hc trong phm vi 1,8m tnh t mt t hon thin.

5.9-Mi ni dy ni t chnh vo in cc t phi thc hin trong

ging kim

tra vi kp ni bng kim loi khng phi st hoc khu ni vng chc
khc c b

mt tip xc bng kim loi khng phi st c k s ph trch gim st

lp t

in ca ch u t ph duyt. Phi d tr mt chiu cao ti thiu

150mm cho

nh in cc nh ln khi mt t trong ging kim tra ni dy

ni t chnh vo in cc t.

5.10-Mi ni ca dy ni t chnh vo thanh ci hoc u cc

ni t chnh phi thc hin bng kp dy vng chc kp dy
ni t chnh gia cc b mt kim loi v phi

m bo khng lm bung cc si bn ca cp. Khi dng kp ni cp xit

cht bng vt hoc bu lng th kp phi c khng t hn hai vt hoc
bu lng.

5.11-Cnh mi im ni ca dy ni t chnh vi in cc t
v cnh mi

im ni ca dy ny vi thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh, phi

treo bin cht do c ghi dng ch bn vng Mi ni in an ton,
Khng c tho vi phng ch d c, chiu cao ch khng di 4,75mm,
v tr d trng thy.
6-Lp t dy bo v ca h thng ni t thit b cng nghip:

6.1-Dy bo v khng phi l dy ni ng th phi c tit din:

- hoc tnh ton ph hp vi iu 6.2;

- hoc, khi khng c iu kin tnh ton, c th chn theo

bng 7 cho trong iu 6.3.
Trong c hai trng hp, phi i chiu kt qu thu c vi qui nh ca
iu

6.4.

6.2-Dy bo v khng phi l dy ni ng th phi c tit din khng

nh hn gi tr tnh theo cng thc sau y, ch p dng cho thi gian
ct bo v khng qu 5 giy:
I2t
S= k mm2

trong :

S l tit din tnh bng mm2

I l gi tr (hiu dng nu l dng xoay chiu) ca dng in chm t

khi s c

c tng tr khng ng k, c th chy qua thit b bo v c

lin quan, tnh bng A

t l thi gian tc ng ca thit b ct bo v, tnh bng giy

k l tha s ph thuc vt liu ca dy bo v, cch in v cc tham

s khc, nhit ban u v nhit cui ca n.

Gi tr ca k i vi dy bo v trong cc ng dng hoc dch v khc

nhau cho trong cc bng 3, 4, 5 v 6. Cc gi tr ca k da trn nhit
ban u v nhit
cui ghi y bng.

Nu p dng cng thc trn m thu c kch thc phi tiu chun th kch
thc ca dy bo v phi ly bng gi tr tiu chun ln hn gn nht.
Bng 3 - Gi tr k dng tnh dy bo v bc cch in khng lng
trong cp v khng buc thnh chm vi cp hoc dng tnh dy bo
v trn tip xc vi v bc cp

Vt liu dy dn Cch in ca dy bo v hoc v bc cp

PVC cao su 85oC n nh nhit

ng 143 166 176

Nhm 95 110 116

Nhit ban u 30oC 30oC 30oC

gi

thit 160oC 220oC 250oC

Bng 4 - Gi tr k dng tnh dy bo v l mt li lng trong cp hoc

buc thnh chm vi cp

Vt liu dy dn Vt liu cch in

PVC cao su 85oC n nh nhit

ng 115 134 143

Nhm 76 89 94

Nhit ban u 70oC 85oC 90oC

gi

thit 160oC 220oC 250oC

 Nhit cui

Bng 5 - Gi tr k tnh dy bo v l v bc kim loi hoc lp bc

thp ca cp

Vt liu dy dn Cch in ca dy bo v hoc v bc cp

PVC cao su 85oC n nh nhit

90oC

ng 44 51 54

Nhm 81 93 98

Nhit ban u 60oC 75oC 80oC

gi

thit 160oC 220oC 250oC

Bng 6 - Gi tr k dng tnh dy bo v khng bc cch in ni

khng

c nguy c lm h hng vt liu t gn do nhit ch nh trong

bng

Vt liu dy dn Cc iu kin

nhn thy v cc iu kin c nguy c

trong din tch thng thng
hn ch * chy
ng 228 159 138
 Nhm 125 105 91

Thp 82 58 50

Nhit ban u 30oC 30oC 30oC

gi

thit
Nhit cui: dy
dn ng dy dn
nhm dy dn thp 500oC 200oC 150oC

300oC 200oC 150oC

500oC 200oC 150oC

Ghi ch:

* Nhit cho trong bng ch c gi tr khi n khng c hi cho cht lng

mi ni.

6.3-Khi khng c d liu tnh tit din dy bo v khng phi l

dy ni

ng th theo cng thc cho trong iu 6.2, c th chn tit din ca

dy bo v khng phi l dy ni ng th theo bng 7 mc du ph-
ng php ny nhiu khi khng kinh t. Nu kch thc thu c ca dy bo
v l phi tiu chun th chn dy tiu chun c tit din ln hn gn
nht.

Bng 7 - Tit din nh nht ca dy bo v tu thuc tit din ca dy

pha trong mch tng ng

Tit din ngang ca dy pha Tit din ngang nh nht ca dy

trong mch tng ng (S) bo v (Sp)

mm2 mm2

S 16 S
16 S 35 16

35 S 400 S/2

400 S 800 200

S 800 S/4
Ghi ch:

Cc gi tr qui nh trong bng 7 ch p dng cho dy bo v ch to

bng kim loi ging ca dy pha trong mch tng ng. Cn nu khng
phi nh th th chn tit din ca dy bo v sao cho dn in
ca n khng nh hn dn
in ca dy bo v chn theo bng 7 c gi nh c cng vt liu
ch to vi dy pha.

6.4-Nu dy bo v l ring r, khng phi l thnh phn ca cp cp

in, hoc ca phng tin bao che cp th trong mi trng hp, n phi
c tit din khng nh hn:

- 2,5mm2 nu c bo v c hc, hoc

- 4mm2 nu khng c bo v c hc

v phi ph hp vi qui nh ca cc iu 6.7, 6.8, 6.9 ca bn tiu chun

ny. Vi dy bo v chn di t th p dng iu 5.6 ca bn tiu
chun ny.
Ring tit din ca dy ni ng th phi ph hp vi phn 7 ca bn
tiu chun ny.

6.5-Trng hp mt dy bo v c dng chung cho nhiu mch nh trng

hp ca trc ni t th tit din ca dy bo v phi:

- c tnh ton ph hp vi iu 6.2 vi gi tr km thun li nht ca

dng chm t v ca thi gian tc ng ca thit b bo v, chn trong
s cc mch c lin quan, hoc
- c chn theo bng 7 cho trong iu 6.3 ng vi tit din ca dy
pha ln nht trong s cc mch c lin quan.

6.6-Cc vt dn k sau y c php dng lm dy bo v:

- li dn trong mt cp nhiu li trong khi cc li kia dng lm

dy mang in ca mch c dy bo v ;

- dy trn hoc bc cch in t chung trong cng mt phng

tin bao che vi cc dy mang in ca mch c dy bo v ;

- dy trn hoc dy bc cch in ri t c nh;

- ng lun dy hoc cc phng tin bao che dy khc bng

kim loi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 6.12;

- v kim loi, mn chn v lp bc thp ca mt s loi cp tho mn

cc yu cu ca iu 6.13;

- mt s b phn c tnh dn in ng ri.tho mn cc yu cu

ca

iu 6.14.

6.7-Dy bo v c tit din nh hn 10mm2 phi l dy ng hoc

nhm bc

ng nhiu si bn xon c s si bn khng c t hn by.

6.8-Dy bo v li cng phi c tit din khng nh hn 10mm2 v

chiu dy khng nh hn 1,5mm nu l dy ng dt hoc phi c tit
din khng nh hn
16mm2 v chiu dy khng nh hn 2mm nu l dy nhm dt.

6.9-Tr khi c qui nh khc i, tt c cc dy bo v i ni trong h

thng ni

t ca thit bi in cng nghip phi l dy mt li bc cch in

PVC c mang k hiu mu xanh v vng kt hp.

Cc loi dy bo v sau y khng cn phi bc cch in:

a) dy trn khng;
b) dy li dt;

c) thanh dn cng;

d) v bc cp c cch in khong;

e) dy thp treo cp;

f) phng tin bao che dy in dng lm dy bo v;

g) dy ng chn trc tip trong t hoc t trong phng tin bao

che chn di t.vi iu kin tit din ca n khng nh hn 35mm2 .

6.10-Dy bo v lng trong v bc kim loi ca mt cp nhiu li cng vi

cc dy mang in ch c dng ni t cho thit b in, k c
tip im ni t ca cm, c cp in t mch i bn trong cp
.

6.11-Dy bo v i cng vi cc dy mang in bn trong mt

ng lun dy hoc mng hp ch c dng ni t cho thit b
in, k c tip im ni
t ca cm, c cp in t mch i bn trong ng lun dy hoc
mng hp

. Tt c cc dy bo v t trong ng lun dy hoc mng hp

bng kim loi phi ni vi ng lun dy hoc mng hp .

6.12-V bao che v khung kim loi ca trang b in do nh ch to t

hp sn hoc v bao che kim loi ca h thng mng hp dn thanh ci
c php dng lm dy bo v nu chng ng thi tho mn ba yu
cu sau y:

a) tnh lin tc v in v kt cu c hc ca chng phi m

bo kh

nng bo v chng ph hng c hc, ho hc v in ho;

b) tit din ca chng t nht cng phi bng kt qu tnh ton ph hp

vi iu 6.2;

c) cho php ni vo chng cc dy bo v khc ti cc im ni xc

nh trc.
6.13-V bc kim loi v/hoc lp bc thp hoc lp bc kim loi khc ca
cp,

c bit l v bc ca cp c cch in khong c th dng lm dy

bo v nu chng ng thi tho mn cc yu cu a v b ca iu 6.12.

6.14-Dy bo v hnh thnh t cc b phn c tnh dn in ng ri

phi ng thi tho mn bn yu cu sau y:

a) tnh lin tc v in v kt cu c hc ca chng phi m

bo kh

nng bo v chng ph hng c hc, ho hc v in ho;

b) tit din ca chng t nht phi bng kt qu tnh ton ph hp vi

iu

6.2;

c) phi c cc bin php gia c cn thn chng li s tho d chng;

d) chng vn c ch to cho cng dng ny hoc, nu cn, c th lm

cho chng thch nghi vi cng dng ny.

6.15-Khng c chn bt k thit b ng ct no vo trong mch ca

dy bo

v nhng cho php c cc mi ni chc chn c th tho bng dng c

phc

v mc ch th nghim.

6.16-Cc mi ni ca dy bo v phi v tr d tip cn

kim tra v th nghim tr khi mi ni ca dy bo v l thnh phn
ca mt khu ni cp in nm trong hp ni kn hoc nhn chm
trong nha cch in.

6.17-ng lun dy hoc ng bao che bng kim loi, lp bc kim loi hoc
v thp ca cp hoc dy thp treo, cp, nm ngoi hoc c sn
bn trong si cp, ch c php dng lm dy ni t bo v chnh
mch in i trong ng kim loi hoc i trong cp .

6.18-Phi thi cng tht tt cc khu ni trn ng lun dy v mng

dy in, lp bc kim loi v v thp ca cp m bo tnh lin tc
v in ca dy bo
v v phi c
bin php bo v chng n mn v chng ph hng c hc cho cc khu
ni .
6.19-ng kim loi v thnh phn ca cng trnh kt cu thp khi dng
lm mt

b phn ca dy bo v phi c cc cu ni kim loi vi kim loi.

6.20-ng kim loi dn kh t hoc cht lng d chy khng c dng

lm dy bo v. Yu cu ny khng ngn cn vic ni dy ng th
vo cc ng .

6.21-Tuyn khay hoc thang cp phi m bo tnh lin tc v in v

phi ni vo li in cc t ca ngun cp in cho cc cp i trong n
sau mi khong cch khng qu 30m, nhng khng c dng bn thn
khay hoc thang cp lm dy ni t. Vic la chn v lp t dy
bo v ca cc mch in i trong khay hoc thang cp phi tun theo
qui nh ca iu 3.20.

6.22-ng lun dy bng kim loi co dn hoc gp c khng c dng lm

dy bo v.

6.23-Khng c dng dy bo v xut pht t thanh ci hoc hng kp

ni t ca mt t in ny ni t cho thit b c cp in t
mt t in khc.

6.24-Cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca cc kh c in khng -

c dng lm thnh phn ca dy bo v cho mt thit b in khc.

6.25-Dy ni t bo v khng c i ngang qua cc kt cu st t

trnh hin tng cm ng v hiu ng gn, c th lm tng tng tr mch
vng chm
t c lin quan.

6.26-Trong trm bin p phn xng, cho php lp t mt mch vng

trc ni

t trong nh trm cho ni vo mch vng ny cc nhnh r l cc

dy ni t bo v ca cc thit b in v kim loi bao che ca trm.
Cc mch vng trc ni t ny c th chy men theo tng, dc theo cc
rnh cp hoc cc tuyn khay cp v phi ni vi li in cc bao quanh
trm t nht hai im cch xa nhau.

6.27-Trong mng in phn xng, cho php lp t cc trc ni t

trong v ngoi nh xng cho ni vo trc ny cc nhnh r l cc dy
ni t bo v ca khung, v t hoc bng in, ph kin kim loi phc
v lp t dy in, ct
n ng trong cng trnh, bnh b, ng cng ngh v cc kt cu kim
loi ca nh xng v bng ti. Cc trc ni t ny c th chy men theo
tng, dc theo cc rnh cp, hoc cc tuyn khay, thang cp v phi ni
vo li ni t thng nht ca ton cng trnh sau mi khong cch
khng qu 50m.

6.28-Khng c ni dy ni t bo v t thit b ny sang thit b

khc trc khi ni vi trc ni t hoc vi thanh ci ni t chnh ca
phn xng.

6.29-Cc b phn c tnh dn in ng ri khng c dng lm dy

PEN.

6.30-Phng tin kim loi bao che dy v cp in khng c dng lm

dy

PEN

6.31-Dy PEN phi c bc cch in ph hp vi in p cao nht ca

mng

in c th lp t n trong mng in , nhng dy PEN khng

bt buc phi cch in khi n i bn trong cc t hp thit b ng
ct v thit b iu khin.

6.32-Nu dng thit b gim st v kim tra mch ni t th khng c

chn cun dy ng tc vo mch ca dy bo v.

6.33-Dy bo v mch ca mch cp in cho ph ti mch vng cng

phi chy theo mch vng v phi ni t c hai u ti ni mch
in xut pht.

6.34-Khi dng thit b bo v chng in git tc ng theo in p s

c, phi lu ch ni dy bo v vo b phn c tnh dn in h
ca thit b in c ngun cp s b ct bi thit b bo v khi c
s c chm t.

6.35-Ni no mt kh c in c cp in bng cp mm hoc dy

in mm ni vi phch v cm th:

a) dy ni t sn c trong cp hoc dy in mm phi ni vi chu

ni t ring bit ca phch cm;

b) ngoi ra nu cp hoc dy in mm c v bc kim loi th v bc

phi phi ni tht tt v in v v c vi khung kim loi ca kh c
in
v vi phn kim loi ni t ca phch v ca khu ni chuyn tip , nu
c, gia phch v cm.

6.36-Phi lm u ct cho u dy bo v ni vi b phn kim loi

h ca thit b in. Kch thc ca u ct phi ph hp vi tit in ca
dy bo v v ph hp vi l bu lng dnh sn cho mc ch ni t. Khi
lm u ct cho u dy bo v thit b in, khng c ng
tip xc vi nhm.

6.37-Phi lm u ct ng cho u dy bo v ng ni vi cc bnh

b hoc ng cng ngh hoc cc kt cu kim loi cn ni t khc.

6.38-i vi cp c v kim loi v cc lp kim loi che chn bn trong, phi

ni cc lp kim loi che chn bn trong vi v kim loi ca cp, cn mi ni
chnh ca dy ni t bo v th phi thc hin trn v kim loi ca cp
v nu cp lun qua mt bin dng pha khng th dy ni t
bo v phi lun qua bin dng pha khng trc khi ni vi t.

6.39-Kh nng ti dng in ca kp hoc ph kin u ni ca dy

bo v phi bng hoc ln hn so vi cc thnh phn dn in c ni vi
nhau.

6.40-Khi cn thit, dy ni t bo v ca mi ct n ng v ca mi
ct ca

ng dy ti in trong hng ro cng trnh c th ni vi trc ni t

xuyn qua mt mch vng san bng th c bn knh 1m bng thp dt
m km 25 x 3 chn quanh mng ct su 0,45m tnh t mt t
lin th.
7-Lp t dy ni ng th:

7.1-Phi la chn v lp t cc dy ni ng th theo ng cc yu

cu ca bn tiu chun ny nhm hn ch n mc thp nht nguy c
xut hin chnh lch
in p gia cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in v
cc b phn

c tnh dn in tip cn c khng lin quan n thit b in.

7.2-ng ng kim loi dn nc chnh ca mt to nh c cha trang b
dng

in phi c ni t bng mt dy ni ng th chnh ni

n vi thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ca mng in ca to
nh v phi m bo tnh lin tc v kim loi ca phn ng ng
ni trn mt t t bn trong to nh ra
ti im tip xc vi mt t.

7.3-i vi dch v cp nc, im ni ca dy ni ng th

chnh phi thc hin cng gn im ng ng bt u i vo cng
trnh cng tt vi iu kin l nu ti im ng ng c mt on
ng cch in chn vo th im ni
ng th phi thc hin phn kim loi cnh on ng cch in ny
v pha h

tiu dng.

7.4-Cc h thng ng khc lin quan vi cc hng phun nc cu ho hoc

dn kh t, nc nng, cht lng chy, kh trnh khi tip xc vi b
phn c tnh dn in h ca cc phng tin bao che dy in v
cc thit b in khc, u phi ni ng th vi cc thit b in .

Cc b phn kim loi thuc cc h thng khc cn ni ng th c lit

k sau

y:

- cc b phn kim loi tip cn c ca cc tuyn ng, thng,

b cng ngh;

- kt cu thp tip cn c;

- khung sn ca cn cu, ca thang my v ca thit b tng t.

7.5-i vi ng dch v cp kh t, im ni ng th phi nm cnh

ng h

o v pha h tiu dng, gia u ni vi ng h v nhnh ng r u

tin v

cch ng h khng qu 60cm.

7.6-Vt liu v chng loi ca dy ni ng th phi tho mn mi yu

cu trong phn 6 ca bn tiu chun ny i vi dy bo v ni chung.
Dy ni ng th vn hnh trong iu kin m thp phi l dy bc
cch in mt li bng ng
ti lm ngui chm nhiu si bn xon, c s si bn khng t hn by.
7.7-Khng c dng dy nhm hoc nhm bc ng lm dy ni ng
th lp

t trong khu vc cc thng, b cha nc, hoc ni vo cc b

phn thng xuyn tip xc vi nc k c nc xut hin do ngng t trong
iu kin vn hnh bnh thng, hoc ni vi cc ng ng dn cc sn
phm nhit cao hn hoc thp hn nhit mt trng.

7.8-Dy ni ng th chnh phi c tit din khng nh hn mt na

tit din ca dy bo v ln nht ca mng in v trong mi trng hp
khng c nh hn 6mm2 nu l dy ng hoc khng c nh hn
10mm2 nu l dy nhm. Tuy vy, tit din ca n khng cn phi ln
hn 25mm2 nu l dy ng hoc phi c mt tit din tho mn
dn in tng ng nu l dy bng vt liu khc.

7.9-Dy ni ng th b sung ni hai b phn c tnh dn in h

ca thit b

in phi c tit din khng nh hn tit din ca dy bo v nh hn

trong s cc dy bo v ni vo cc b phn c tnh dn in
h ny v trong mi trng hp khng nh hn 2,5mm2 nu c bo
v c hc, hoc khng nh hn
4mm2 nu khng c bo v c hc.

7.10-Dy ni ng th b sung ni mt b phn c tnh dn in

h ca thit

b in vi mt b phn c tnh dn in ng ri phi c tit din

khng nh hn mt na tit din ca dy bo v ni vo b phn c
tnh dn in h ca thit b in v trong mi trng hp khng
nh hn 2,5mm2 nu c bo v c hc, hoc khng nh hn 4mm2
nu khng c bo v c hc.

7.11-Dy ni ng th b sung ni hai b phn c tnh dn in

ng ri phi c tit din khng nh hn 2,5mm2 nu c bo v
c hc, hoc khng nh hn
4mm2 nu khng c bo v c hc, ngoi tr trng hp mt trong hai b
phn

c tnh dn in ng ri ni trn ni vi mt b phn c tnh dn in

h ca thit b in v trong trng hp ny dy ni ng th b
sung ni hai b phn
c tnh dn in ng ri phi c tit din khng nh hn mt na tit
din ca dy bo v ni vo b phn c tnh dn in h
ca thit b in v trong mi trng hp khng nh hn 2,5mm2 nu c
bo v

c hc, hoc khng nh hn 4mm2 nu khng c bo v c hc.

7.12-Cho php dng cc b phn c tnh dn in ng ri ph hp ca

mt kt cu thng trc v bn vng hoc cc vt dn b sung hoc kt
hp c hai lm dy ni ng th b sung.

7.13-Vic thi cng cc mi ni v lm u cui cho dy ni ng th

phi tun theo mi qui nh trong phn 6 ca bn tiu chun ny i vi
dy bo v ni chung.
8-Lp t h thng ni t thit b in cao p v trm bin p h p

8.1-Phn 8 qui nh thm nhng yu cu ni t nhm m bo

an ton cho ngi v thit b lm vic trong h thng in h p khi c
ngn mch chm t trong h thng in cao p pha s cp ca trm
bin p cp in cho h thng
in h p ngoi nhng yu cu ni t qui nh trong cc phn khc
ca bn tiu chun ny.

8.2- ln v thi gian duy tr ln nht ca in p s c chm t ca h

thng

in h p khi c ngn mch chm t pha cao p ca trm bin p cp

in cho

h thng in h p khng c vt qu cc gi tr cho trong bng 8.

Bng 8 - Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca in p s c chm t

ca h thng in h p ph thuc ln ca n khi c ngn mch chm
t pha cao p ca trm bin p cp in.

Tr s hiu dng ca in p li Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php

trn trang b ni t ca

V in p li trn trang b ni t
 75 5,00

90 1,00
120 0,60

150 0,50

220 0,40

350 0,34

420 0,27

500 0,15

600 0,08

670 0,04
8.3- ln v thi gian duy tr ca in p tn s cng nghip c hi cho
cch

in ca thit b trong mng in h p khi c ngn mch chm t

pha cao p ca trm bin p cp in cho h thng in h p khng
c vt qu cc gi tr cho trong bng 9.

Bng 9 - Thi gian duy tr ln nht cho php ca in p tn s cng

nghip

c hi cho cch in ca thit b trong mng in h p ph thuc ln

ca n khi c ngn mch chm t pha cao p ca trm bin p cp
in.

Gi tr ln nht cho php ca in p Thi gian duy tr

c hi cho cch in thit b trong
mng in
h p s

1,5 Un 5

1,5 Un + 750 5

Ghi ch: Un l in p danh nh gia dy pha v t

8.4-H thng ni t ca mt trm bin p cp in cho thit b in
h p nn l

mt h thng ni t chung cho cc thit b in cao v h p v phi

ni vo cc i tng sau y:

a) tt c cc b phn kim loi tip cn c dng ng hoc dy

dn cao p;

b) tt c cc b phn kim loi ni vi cc b phn kim loi k trong mc

a;

c) v kim loi bao che ca trm bin p v ca cc thit b in cao p;

d) cc chng st van cao p;

e) v v cc lp bc kim loi ca cp cao v h p;

f) trung tnh h p ca my bin p;

g) v thng my bin p;

h) cc chng st van h p;

i) thanh ci ni t ca t ng ct in tng ca mng h p;

j) dy ni ng th chnh ca h thng ng nc chn ngm;

k) kim loi h ca thanh ging v gn tng cng ca sn v tng.

Cc i tng cn ni t k trn phi ni vi thanh ci hoc u cc ni

t chnh ca trm bin p nh minh ho trn hnh 2.
8.5-Mi thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ca h thng ni t ca
trm bin

p phi c t nht hai dy ni vi in cc t. Nn ni hai dy ni t

chnh cn

c y vo cc gc i din nm hai u mt ng cho ca mch

vng

in cc t bao quanh trm.

8.6-Cho php thc hin mt h thng ni t chung cho cc thit b
in cao v

h p ca trm bin p nu in tr ni t ca n khng ln hn 1 . H

thng ni t chung ca trm bin p c in tr ni t khng ln hn
1 c coi l
tho mn cc qui nh trong cc iu 8.8 v 8.9 ca bn tiu chun
ny.

8.7-Trng hp khng th p ng yu cu ca mc 8.6 th trang b ni

t ca trm bin p phi ng thi tho mn cc qui nh trong cc
iu 8.8 v 8.9 ca bn tiu chun ny nhm m bo an ton cho ngi
v thit b lm vic trong
h thng in h p khi c ngn mch chm t trong h thng in
cao p ca trm bin p cp ngun cho h thng in h p va ni.

8.8-H thng ni t ca trm bin p phi tun th cc qui nh 8.8.1;

8.8.2;

8.8.3 v 8.8.4 tu thuc tng cu hnh ni t pha h p.

8.8 1-Cc k hiu c s dng trong cc mc tip theo:

Im l phn ca dng in ngn mch chm t trong h thng in

cao p chy qua in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h
ca trm bin p.
R l in tr ca in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in
h ca trm bin p.
Uo l in p pha tc in p gia dy pha vi dy trung tnh ca h
thng in
h p.

U l in p dy tc in p gia dy pha vi dy pha ca h thng

in h p.

Uf l in p s c chm t hay cn gi l in p li trn trang b

ni t trong h thng in h p.

U1 l in p c hi cho cch in ca thit b in h p ca trm

bin p

U2 l in p c hi cho cch in ca thit b in h p ca mng

in h p.

8.8.2-Cc h thng TN:

a) Ch c ni dy trung tnh ca h thng in h p vo in cc

t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p (xem TN-a
trn hnh 3) khi c th ct in p s c chm t R x Im ra khi cc
b
phn ny trong khong thi gian cho trong bng 8.

Ghi ch:

Nu cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca

mng

in nm trong vng nh hng ca dy ni ng th chnh th in

p chm s c gi tr bng 0.
b) Nu khng tho mn c iu kin ghi trong mc a ca iu 8.8.2
th

dy trung tnh ca h thng in h p phi ni t xuyn qua mt

in
cc t c lp v in (xem TN-b trn hnh 3). Trong trng hp ny,
phi p dng mc 8.9.1 ca bn tiu chun ny.

8.8.3-Cc h thng TT:

a) Ch c ni dy trung tnh ca h thng in h p vo in cc

t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p (xem TT-a
trn hnh
4) khi m bo c mi tng quan gia in p t ln cch in ca
thit b (R x Im + Uo) v thi gian ct in p ra khi thit b
cho trong bng 9 dnh cho thit b ca mng in h p.

b) Nu khng tho mn c iu kin ghi trong mc a ca iu 8.8.3

th dy trung tnh ca h thng in h p phi ni t xuyn qua mt
in cc t c lp v in (xem TT-b trn hnh 4). Trong trng hp
ny, phi p dng mc 8.9.1 ca bn tiu chun ny.

Ghi ch:

Nu cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca

mng

in nm trong vng nh hng ca dy ni ng th chnh th in

p chm s c gi tr bng 0.

8.8.4-Cc h thng IT:

a) Ch c ni cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in

h p ca mng in vo in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn
in h ca trm bin p (xem cc hnh 5, 10, 11) khi c th ct
in p s c chm t R x Im ra khi cc b phn ny trong
khong thi gian cho
trong bng 8.

b) Nu khng tho mn c iu kin ghi trong mc a ca iu 8.8.4

th cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca
mng in phi ni t xuyn qua mt in cc t c lp v in
i vi in cc
t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p (xem cc
hnh t 6 n 9).
c) Khi cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca
mng

in ni t xuyn qua mt in cc t c lp v in i vi
in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p
nh qui
nh trong mc b ca iu 8.8.4 v khi m bo c mi tng quan
gia in p t ln cch in ca thit b (R x Im + U) v thi gian
ct
in p ra khi thit b cho trong bng 9 dnh cho thit b in h p
ca

mng in th tng tr trung tnh ca h thng in h p, nu c, -

c php ni vo in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h
ca trm bin p (xem hnh 6).

d) Khi cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in h p ca

mng

in ni t xuyn qua mt in cc t c lp v in i vi
in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca trm bin p
nh qui
nh trong mc b ca iu 8.8.4 nhng khng m bo c mi tng
quan gia gi tr in p v thi gian ct ni trong mc c ca iu
8.8.4 th tng tr trung tnh pha h p, nu c, phi ni t xuyn
qua mt
in cc t c lp v in (xem cc hnh 7 v 9). Trong trng hp
ny phi p dng mc 8.9.2 ca bn tiu chun ny.

8.9- hn ch in p c hi cho cch in trong thit b in h p,

phi tun th cc qui nh 8.9.1 v 8.9.2 tu thuc tng loi hnh ca
h thng ni t pha
h p.

8.9.1-Cc h thng TN v TT

Trong cc h thng TN v TT nu dy trung tnh ni t xuyn qua mt

in cc

t c

lp v in i vi in cc t ca cc b phn c tnh dn in
h ca trm bin p

(xem TN-b trong hnh 3 v TT-b trong hnh 4) th phi m bo ct

kp thi in
p c hi cho cch in (R x Im + Uo) ra khi thit b h p ca trm bin
p trong khong thi gian tng thch vi cp cch in ca thit b h p
.
Ghi ch:

Cp cch in ca thit b h p ca trm bin p c th cao hn gi tr

cho trong bng 9.

8.9.2-Cc h thng IT

Trong cc h thng IT nu cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit

b h p ca mng in v c tng tr trung tnh h p, nu c, u ni
t qua cc in cc t c lp v in i vi in cc t ca
trm bin p (xem cc hnh 7, 8
v 9) th phi m bo ct kp thi in p c hi cho cch in (R x
Im + U ) ra
khi thit b h p ca trm bin p trong khong thi gian tng thch vi
cp cch in ca thit b h p .

Ghi ch:

Cp cch in ca thit b h p ca trm bin p c th cao hn gi tr

cho trong bng 9.

8.10-Tt c cc b phn ca h thng ni t bao gm im ni t

trung tnh h

p phi c thit k v lp t sao cho chng khng b h hi khi c

dng chm

t chy qua. Tuy nhin khi s dng h thng ni t chung, kch thc
ca dy ni t cho thng my bin p phi c tnh ton trn c s
dng chm t ln nht c th xy ra.

8.11-Khi khng th tho mn cc iu kin ca mt h thng ni t

chung cho cc thit b in cao p v h p ca trm bin p cp in
cho thit b in h p
th c php s dng hai h thng ni t ring r, mi h thng nh th
c mt thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh ni vi in cc t c
lp v in i vi
in cc t ca h thng kia.

8.11.1-Cc phn t sau y phi c ni vo thanh ci hoc u

cc ni t chnh ca thit b in cao p:
a) tt c cc b phn kim loi h tip cn c dng ng hoc
dy

in cao p k c cc b phn kim loi ni lin v c kh vi cc b phn

kim loi h ;

b) v kim loi bao che ca trm bin p v ca thit b in cao p;

c) v thng my bin p;

d) chng st van cao p;

e) v v cc lp bc kim loi ca cp cao p;

f) kim loi h ca thanh ging v gn tng cng ca sn v tng.

8.11.2-Cc phn t sau y phi c ni vo thanh ci hoc u cui

ni t chnh ca thit b in h p:

g) im trung tnh h p ca my bin p;

h) chng st van h p, nu c;

i) v v cc lp bc kim loi ca cp h p;

j) b phn kim loi h ch lin quan n h thng in h p.

8.12-Phi duy tr c ly khng t hn 2m gia in cc t ca thit b

cao p v

in cc t ca thit b h p. C ly gia dy dn chn ngm ni vi

cc in cc t ca thit b cao p v dy dn chn ngm ni vi cc
in cc t ca thit b h p cng phi p dng tiu chun ny.

8.13- ni t cho thit b in cao p trong mng c trung tnh ni

t hiu qu, phi lp t mt li ni t gm cc in cc t nm
ngang theo chiu di v theo chiu rng ca din tch t thit b
in cao p v c ni vi nhau thnh cc mt lui. Phi ni dy ni t
ca cc thit b in cao p vo li ni
t ny.
Phi t cc in cc theo chiu di gia cc dy thit b in, dc
theo hnh lang phc v hoc li i li. Cn cc in cc theo chiu rng
phi t cc v
tr thun tin gia cc thit b in. Cc in cc nm ngang phi t
theo chu vi ca din tch t thit b hnh thnh mt mch vng
kn.

Khong cch gia cc in cc nhn to nm ngang c qui nh bi

thit k nhng trong mi trng hp khng c ln hn 30m. Kch thc cc
li tip gip vi ch ni im trung tnh ca bin p lc v dao ngn
mch vi li ni
t khng c ln hn

6m x 6 m.

Cc in cc nm ngang phi t su khng nh hn 0,5m v

cch mng hay b t thit b khng t hn 0,8m.

Cc in cc nm ngang t dc theo chu vi ca din tch t

thit b cao p ngoi tri phi c chn su khng nh hn 1,2m
v cch hng ro khng
t hn 2m. Mch vng ni t ngoi cng ny nn c dng a gic c cc
gc t.

8.14- ni t cc thit b in cao p trong mng c trung tnh cch

ly, phi lp t mt mch vng ni t chy dc theo chu vi ca din
tch t cc thit b
v ni dy ni t ca cc thit b vi mch vng ni t ny. Mch vng
ni t

c th gm nhng in cc nm ngang t su khng nh hn

0,5m v cch mng hay b t thit b khng t hn 0,8m. Khi in
tr ni t ln hn gi tr qui nh, phi t thm cc in cc nm
ngang gia cc dy thit b in dc theo hnh lang phc v hay li i
li. Cng c th s dng in cc t dng cc nhn ng thng ng
hoc nghing v ni cc nh cc li vi nhau thnh mt mch vng ni
t.

8.15-Li ni t ca trm ng ct cao p ngoi tri phi tho mn cc

yu cu sau y:

a) tng tr mch vng chm t phi thp;

b) tng tr i vi dng cao tn phng in kh quyn phi thp;

c) in p chm v in p bc khng vt qu gi tr cho php;

d) nhiu n i vi h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh

cng nghip phi mc ti thiu;

e) in p truyn lan ra ngoi khi c chm t phi mc thp nht;

f) cc tuyn ng v ng ray i qua hng ro cng trnh thuc khu vc

ny phi c on chn cch ly v in.
9-Lp t cc hnh thi ni t cho h thng iu khin v gim st
s dng my tnh:

9.1-Phi ni t cc thit b thuc cu hnh ca h thng iu khin

v gim st

s dng my tnh bo v chng in git cho nhn vin vn hnh

v ngi bo tr v cn chng nhiu cho mch tn hiu.

H thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh c hai hnh thi ni

t:

- ni t khung hay cn gi l ni t bo v;

- ni t tn hiu hay cn gi l ni t chng nhiu.

Bn trong cc bng v bn iu khin thuc h thng iu khin v

gim st s dng my tnh, hai hnh thi ni t ni trn phi tch bit
i vi nhau.

9.2-Trong mi bng hoc bn iu khin phi c mt on thanh ci

hoc u cc ni t dnh ring cho hnh thi ni t khung v phi
ni n vi mt trc ni t bng mt dy bo v ring. Trc ni t ny
phi xut pht t mt thanh ci ni t chnh dnh ring cho cc thit b
thuc h thng iu khin v gim
st s dng my tnh.

9.3-H thng ni t ca cc thit b iu khin v gim st s dng

my tnh tr

in cc t phi hnh thnh c lp, khng cho ni vo cc dy

bo v thit

b thuc h thng khc.

Tu theo mc nguy him ca cc s c chm t t thun li nht

trong h thng cp in i vi cc thit b iu khin v gim st s
dng my tnh v kh nng hn ch in p tng trn in cc t ca
h thng cp in m thanh ci ni t chnh ca cc thit b iu
khin v gim st s dng my tnh

- hoc phi ni vi mt li in cc t c lp v in;

- hoc c php ni vi li in cc t ca h thng cp in ch
ti mt

im duy nht.

9.4-Khung kim loi ca mi bng iu khin, bn iu khin, bng ni

dy cp

ra, t van in t phi ni t bng mt dy bo v ring ni vo mt

trc ni

t. Trc ni t ny phi t trong rnh cp hoc khay cp men theo

cc dy t, bng v bn iu khin cho cc dy bo v ni vo n c
chiu di ngn nht. Khng c b cc dy bo v ring ca tng bng
hoc bn iu khin v thay bng cc on dy ni bc cu kiu mt
xch gia cc im ni t khung, v ca cc t, bng hoc bn iu
khin vi ni t cho c dy bng mt dy bo v n.

9.5-Nu cc t, bng hoc bn iu khin c xp theo dy v mi t

u c mt on thanh ci ni t khung th c th ni cc on thanh
ci ny vi nhau thnh mt thanh

ci t hp thng qua cc khp ni ch to sn ri ni t cho c dy bng

mt dy bo v n.

9.6-Phi ni t khung ca cc t, bng v bn iu khin bng mt

dy bo

v ni vo mt trc ni t nu khung c t chm trong b

tng sn hoc l mt b phn ca sn gi nh th hin trn hnh 12.

Khng cn ni t khung ca t, bng hoc bn iu khin nu

khung

c hn vo cc dm ngang tho mn cc yu cu i vi mt dy ni
t.

9.7- Dy ni t bo v ca tng thit b bn trong bng hoc bn

iu khin do nh ch to lp t sn phi l dy ng c tit din
thay i t 5,5 n 38 mm2. Dy bo v ni khung kim loi ca mi
bng hoc bn iu khin vi trc ni
t phi c tit din qui nh bi thit k, nhng trong mi trng hp
khng

c nh hn tit din ca dy ni t bo v ln nht trong bng hoc

bn iu khin .
9.8-Thit b o lng iu khin c ngun cp in khc nhau phi c
ni t ring bit i vi nhau ngay c khi chng c lp t cng mt
ch tr khi mi
tuyn cp in ni trn c mt bin p cch ly chn vo gia v dy t
bin p cch ly ni vi ph ti c cch in tht m bo v khng ni vi
im ni t ca ngun in c lin quan.

9.9-Khi lp t h thng ni t chng nhiu, mi ng dn chng

nhiu ca cp tn hiu ch c php ni t mt pha nh hng dn trn
hnh 13 v theo cc qui nh sau:

a-V chng nhiu nm trong cch in ca cc cp tn hiu i t cc t

MCC

n cc bng m un I/O ca h thng iu khin v gim st s dng

my tnh phi ni t chng nhiu mt pha, thng thc hin trong cc
t ni dy cp ra lin quan vi cc bng m un I/O ni trn. Dy ni v
chng nhiu ca cp vi hng kp ni t chng nhiu phi lng trong
ghen cch in.

b- V chng nhiu nm trong cch in ca cc cp tn hiu i t cc

cm bin, cc b tc ng v cc tip im van in t n hp ni
trong phn xng v v chng nhiu ca cp tn hiu c lin quan i t
hp ni trong phn xng n cc bng m un I/O ca h thng iu
khin v gim st s dng my tnh phi
c ni vi nhau thng qua hng kp dy trung gian cch in vi t
t trong hp ni v v chng nhiu ca cp tn hiu i t hp ni
ny n cc bng m
un I/O ca h thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh
phi ni t chng nhiu mt pha, thng thc hin trong cc t ni
dy cp ra lin quan vi cc bng m un I/O ni trn. Dy ni v chng
nhiu ca cp vi hng kp ni
t trung gian v vi hng kp ni t chng nhiu u phi
lng trong ghen

cch in.

9.10-Khi lp t cc dy ni t chng nhiu, phi trnh khng

chng hnh thnh mt mch vng kn l nguyn nhn gy ra nhiu cm
ng in t.

9.11-u dy ni v chng nhiu ca cp tn hiu phi c ni vi hng

kp ni t chng nhiu bng u ct c l bt vt hoc bng u ty
p lun vo l ca hng kp dy c c cu xit cht.
10-Kim tra h thng ni t thit b:

10.1- Ton b h thng ni t thit b phi c kim tra nghim thu,

kim tra

nh k v kim tra t xut nhm chng minh bng thc nghim rng
n khng

c khuyt tt v in v v c v rng n tho mn mi yu cu ca

bn tiu chun ny.

Cc phng php kim tra phi m bo khng xy ra nguy him cho

ngi hoc ti sn hoc h hng thit b ngay c khi i tng kim tra c
khuyt tt.

Phi chun b sn sng cho ngi kim tra cc thng tin cn thit nh:

- thit k v bn v hon cng ca mt bng lp t in cc, s

sp xp cc loi dy bo v k c dy ni ng th c ghi r s l-
ng, kch thc
v chng loi dy;

- thng tin cn thit nhn dng cc thit b thc hin chc nng
bo v, cch ly ng ct v v tr lp t ca chng;

- thuyt minh bin php s dng phi hp cc c tnh ca thit b

bo v, bin php ni t ca mng in v tng tr ca mch c lin
quan, nhm hn ch ln v thi gian duy tr ca in p chm
khi xy ra s c chm t;

- chng ch vt liu v bin bn th nghim ca nh cp hng.

10.2- Kim tra nghim thu c thc hin sau khi lp t xong v trc
khi a vo s dng.

Ni dung kim tra nghim thu gm:

10.2.1- Kim tra bng mt:

Trc ht phi kim tra cc b phn ca h thng ni t t

ngm di t trc khi lp t hoc trong kt cu trc khi y kn ri mi
n cc b phn
t ni. Cc bc kim tra bng mt gm:
- kim tra thc t lp t so vi thit k;

- kim tra vic s dng vt liu theo yu cu ca thit k;

- kim tra tt c cc mi hn, mi ni;

- kim tra bin php chng n mn;

- kim tra bin php bo v mch dn chng ph hng c hc, c

bit khi

i qua cc khe ln, khe co dn v vt chng ngi khc;

- kim tra bin php chng in p chm v in p bc nhng ni

cn thit;

- kim tra vic lp t.

10.2.2-Kim tra bng thit b o:

- thng mch v kim tra cht lng u ni ca dy ni t bo v

thuc cc mch cp in cho ph ti mch vng;

- thng mch v kim tra cht lng u ni ca tt c cc dy bo

v k c

cc dy ni ng th chnh v dy ni ng th b sung;

- o in tr ca in cc t;

- o tng tr mch vng chm t;

- kim tra tc ng ca thit b dng in d.

10.3-Kim tra nh k phi thc hin theo thi gian qui nh sau:

a) i vi h thng ni t lp t ni t nguy him th thc hin

hai nm mt ln;
b) i vi h thng ni t lp t ni nguy him th thc hin mt
nm mt ln;
c) i vi h thng ni t lp t ni c bit nguy him th
thc hin su thng mt ln.

Ghi ch:

- phi o in tr ni t ca h thng c v ma kh ln ma ma;

- xem Ph lc 2: Phn loi ni lp t h thng ni t

theo mc nguy him.

10.4-Kim tra t xut phi thc hin:

- khi xy ra tai nn, s c hoc c nguy c xy ra tai nn;

- sau khi sa cha h thng ni t hoc lp t li thit b

in;

- sau khi c lt, bo, ng t, ho hon nh hng xu n cht lng

ca

h thng ni t thit b;

- khi xy dng mi hay hay sa cha cc cng trnh khc c kh

nng lm

h hng cc b phn ca h thng ni t.

10.5-Ni dung kim tra nh k v kim tra t xut gm:

- kim tra ton b h thng ni t;

- kim tra cc mi hn , mi ni;

- kim tra tnh trng cc lp m hoc sn chng n mn;

- kim tra cc mt tip xc v in;

- kim tra phn ngm, ch no nghi ng th phi o ln;

- kim tra tnh trng t;

- o in tr ca in cc t;

- o tng tr mch vng chm t;

- kim tra tc ng ca thit b dng in d.

10.6-Sau khi tin hnh kim tra h thng ni t ph hp vi cc yu cu

ca bn tiu chun ny, n v kim tra phi lp cc bin bn kim tra
cn thit trao cho n v giao vic. Mi thiu st c pht hin
trong qu trnh kim tra phi c khc phc v hon thin trc khi cp
chng ch.

ph lc A ca tcxdvn............
Thut ng v nh ngha

1-Thit b in (Electrical equipment): Sn phm in phc v

cc mc ch pht, bin i, truyn ti, phn phi v s dng
in nng nh cc my in,
my bin p, kh c in, my o in, r le bo v, vt t v ph kin
lp t dy in, dng in.

2-Mng in (Electrical installation): Mt tp hp thit b in lin

quan vi nhau v mt mc ch sn xut v c mt s c tnh kt
hp.

3-Trang b ng ct (Switchgear): Mt tp hp kh c ng ct in
chnh v ph dng cho vn hnh, iu chnh, bo v hoc cho cc mc
ch khc nhm kim sot mng in.

4-T ng ct tng (Main switchtboard): T cha trang b ng ct t

c th

kim sot vic cp in cho ton b mng in.

5-T phn phi: (Distribution board): T cha cc trang b ng ct

khng phi

t ng ct tng.

6-Cch in kp (Double insulation): Cch in hai lp, lp nm st

b phn mang in gi l cch in c bn v lp th hai gi l cch
in b sung.

7-B phn c tnh dn in h (Exposed conductive part): B phn

c tnh dn in khng c bao che ca thit b in m con ngi c
th chm vo, bnh thng khng mang in nhng c th tr thnh mang
in trong iu kin
s c.

8-B phn c tnh dn in ng ri (Extraneous conductive part): B

phn c tnh dn in ng ring l, khng lin quan n thit b in,
cn c a v mt in th, thng thng bng in th t.

9-t (Earth): Ton khi t c tnh dn in m in th ca n bt

k im no cng c gi tr quy c bng khng.

10-in cc t (Earth electrode): Mt vt dn hoc mt nhm

vt dn chn di t v tip xc cht ch vi t, t hnh thnh mi
ni in c hiu qu vi ton khi t.
11-in cc t c lp v in (Electrically independent earth
electrode): in cc t ng cch xa cc in cc khc n mc dng
in chm t ln nht c
c hi chy qua in cc ny nh hng khng ng k n in th
ca cc

in cc khc.

12-in cc t nhn to (Artificial earth electrode): in cc c ch to

s dng ring cho mc ch ni t.

13-in cc t t nhin (Natural earth electrode): Cc b phn c tnh

dn in ca ng ng, nh v cng trnh di t tip xuc cht ch vi
t v c tn dng lm in cc t.

14-in tr ca in cc t (Earth electrode resistance): in tr ca

mt in cc t i vi t. in cc t y c hiu theo nh
ngha 10 ca ph lc ny.

15-Thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh (Main earthing bar or

terminal): Thanh ci hoc u cc ni t ca mt ngun cp in
hoc ca mt mng in c lin quan, dng ni tt c cc loi dy
bo v k c dy ni ng th chnh, dy ni t chc nng nu c,
ca ngun hoc mng in vi in cc t.

Thanh ci hoc u cc ni t chnh thng t trong hp phn b

t (Earth dispatcher) hay cn gi l hp chia t (Earth divider).

16-Dy bo v (Protective conductor): Dy dn dng bo v chng

in git

v dng ni mt s trong cc b phn sau y li vi nhau:

- b phn c tnh dn in h;

- b phn c tnh dn in ng ri;

- thanh ci hoc u cc ni t;

- in cc t;

- im ni t ca ngun in, hoc mt im trung tnh nhn

to. Dy bo v l tn gi chung ca cc loi dy sau y:
- dy bo v mch;

- dy ni ng th chnh;
- dy ni ng th b sung;

- trc ni t;

- dy ni t chnh.

17-Dy bo v mch (Circuit protective conductor): Dy bo v ni cc

b phn

c tnh dn in h ca mt thit b in vi thanh ci hoc u

cc ni t ca t cp in cho thit b in hoc vi mt trc ni
t xut pht t t .

18-Dy ni ng th chnh (Main equipotential bonding conductor):

Dy bo v

ni ng th cho cc ng ng ci kim loi trong cng trnh cng

nghip.

19-Dy ni ng th b sung (Supplementary equipotential bonding

conductor): Dy bo v ni ng th cho cc b phn c tnh dn in
ng ri.
20-Trc ni t (Common earthing conductor): Dy ni t c mt hoc
hai u ni vi thanh ci ni t chnh hoc vi li in cc t v i
dc theo cc dy
t bng in, thit b cng ngh, kt cu thp ca nh xng cho
ni vo bn thn n cc dy ni t ca cc i tng cn ni t va
k.

21-Dy ni t chnh (Main earthing conductor): Dy bo v ni thanh

ci hoc

u cc ni t chnh ca mt ngun cp in hoc ca mt mng

in vi in cc t hoc vi mt phng tin ni t ni vi in
cc t..

22-Ni ng th (Equipotential bonding): Ni in nhm a cc

b phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in v cc b phn c
tnh dn in tip cn
c khng lin quan n thit b in v mt mc in th thc cht
bng nhau.

23-Ni t bo v (Protective earthing): Ni vi ton th khi t theo

ng yu cu ca bn tiu chun ny nhm m bo cch ly kp thi
thit b c bo v khi ngun in nh mt trang b ct t ng khi
pht hin c dng in r ra
v thit b.
24-Ni t chc nng (Functional earthing): Ni t nhm m bo ch
lm vic ca thit b in, cn gi l ni t lm vic.
25-H thng ni t (Earthing system): Tt c cc dy bo v, thanh ci
hoc

u cc ni t, kp ni t v in cc t, k c cc phng tin
kim loi bao che dy km theo cc dy bo v v cc kp ni t ni
trn, dng duy tr mt
s b phn no ca mng in c lin quan in th t.

26-H thng (System): H thng bao gm mt ngun in nng

n v mt mng in. Trn quan im ni t, cn phn bit cc
h thng cp in ca cc cng trnh cng nghip theo quan h i vi
t ca ngun in nng v ca mng in trong cc h thng .

a) H thng TN: H thng trong ngun in c mt hoc nhiu hn

mt

im ni t trc tip, cn cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca

mng

in th ni vi im ni t ca ngun in bng cc dy bo v. C
ba loi h thng TN c nhn dng nh sau:
- H thng TN-C l h thng trong cc chc nng trung tnh v
bo

v kt hp trong mt dy n dn i khp h thng gi l dy PEN;

- H thng TN-S l h thng c dy trung tnh N v dy bo v

tch ri gi l dy PE dn i khp h thng;

- H thng TN-C-S l h thng trong cc chc nng trung tnh v

bo

v kt hp trong mt dy n PEN ch trong mt phn ca h thng,

sau tch thnh hai dy ring r (dy trung tnh N v dy bo v PE)
trong phn cn li ca h thng

b) H thng TT: H thng trong ngun in c mt hoc nhiu hn

mt

im ni t trc tip, cn cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca

mng

in th ni vi cc in cc ni t c lp v in i vi cc in
cc ni t ca ngun in.

c) H thng IT: H thng khng c mi ni trc tip gia cc

thnh phn mang in v t, cn cc b phn c tnh dn in h
ca thit b in th ni t.
27-Cc h thng dng tn gi TN, TT v IT (Systems using the designations
TN, TT and IT):

Ch ci th nht th hin quan h i vi t ca ngun in nng: T:

c mt hoc nhiu hn mt im ni t trc tip;
I: tt c cc phn mang in u cch ly vi t hoc c mt im ni
vi

t thng qua tng tr ln.

Ch ci th hai th hin quan h i vi t ca cc b phn c tnh

dn in

h ca mng in:

T: cc b phn c tnh dn in h ca mng in ni trc tip vi

t ring r, khng ph thuc bt k im ni t no ca ngun in;

N: cc b phn c tnh dn in h ni trc tip vi im ni t

ca ngun in (trong h thng in xoay chiu, im ni t thng
l im trung tnh).

28-Tng tr ca mch vng chm t (Earth fault loop impedance): Tng

tr ca mch vng dng in chm t (mch vng pha ti t) khi u
v kt thc ti
im ngn mch chm t.

- Trong h thng TN, dng chm t i t im ngn mch chm

t ca thit b in theo dy bo v ti thanh ci ni t ca mng
in ri theo
ng dn kim loi ca dy bo v tr v im trung tnh ni t ca
my bin p. T y, dng chm t chy trong dy qun bin p ti
u ra ri theo dy pha cp in i t my bin p n im ngn
mch chm t.

- Trong h thng TT v IT, dng chm t i t im ngn mch

chm t ca thit b in theo dy bo v ti thanh ci ni t ca
mng in ri theo ng dn trong t v im trung tnh ni t ca
my bin p. T
y, dng chm t chy trong dy qun bin p ti u ra ri theo
dy pha cp in i t my bin p n im ngn mch chm t.
29-Vng in th khng (Zero potential zone): Vng t ngoi phm vi
vng tn ca dng in chm t.

30-in p s c chm t (Earth fault voltage): in p tn ti gia b

phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b c cch in h hng v vng
in th khng khi
c dng in chm t tn vo t. Cn gi l in p li trn trang b
ni t.

31-in p chm (Touch voltage): in p tn ti gia b phn c tnh dn

in

h ca mt thit b c cch in h hng v bt k vt dn no khc

nm trong tm vi

ca ngi ang tip xc vi thit b khi c dng in chm t tn

vo t.

32-H thng in cao p ni t hiu qu (Effectively earthed HV

system): H

thng in c tn s cng nghip v in p dy ln hn 1000V c h

s qu

in p khi ngn mch chm t khng ln hn 1,4 v cn gi l h

thng c trung tnh ni t hiu qu.

H s qu in p khi ngn mch chm t trong mng in ba pha l

t s gia

in p ca pha khng b s c ti im ngn mch chm t v in

p pha ti

im trc khi c ngn mch.

Cc h thng in cao p ni t hiu qu thng c trung tnh ni t

trc tip hoc xuyn qua mt tng tr nh v c th ct kp thi cc s
c chm t trong khong thi gian ngn hp l nh c trang b bo v.

33-in p danh nh (Nominal voltage): in p lm vic ch

nh cho mt mng in hoc mt b phn ca mng in. Sau y
l nh ngha ca cc in
p danh nh (ly gi tr hiu dng nu l in p xoay chiu):

- in p cc thp: l in p bnh thng khng vt qu 42V xoay

chiu hoc 110V mt chiu gia cc dy mang in vi nhau
hoc gia dy mang in vi t.
- in p thp: l in p bnh thng vt qu in p cc
thp nhng khng vt qu 1000V xoay chiu hoc 1500V mt chiu
gia cc dy
mang in vi nhau, hoc 600V xoay chiu hoc 900V mt chiu
gia dy mang in vi t.

- in p cao: l in p bnh thng vt qu in p thp. in p t

3kV

n 24kV xoay chiu, tn s cng nghip, thng gi l trung p,

trn quan im ni t bo v cng thuc dy in p cao.

34-MCC (Motor control center): Cc t h p kim sot ph ti, ch yu l

ng

c in, kt hp vi hp nt n ti ch. Dy t MCC thng c mt hoc hai

t aptomat tng c trang b iu khin, o lng, bo v, tn hiu. Cc
t cn li chia ra nhiu ngn xp t trn xung di; mi ngn dnh cho mt
l ph ti. Bn trong mi ngn, c aptomat hoc cu chy, cng
tc t v trang b iu khin, o lng, bo v, tn hiu.

35-Thit b dng in d (Residual current device): Thit b t ng

ct mch theo dng r khi c chm t, gi tt l RCD.

36-H thng iu khin v gim st s dng my tnh (Computer-based

control and monitoring system): H thng iu khin v gim st
cc qu trnh cng ngh da trn k thut vi x l.

37-Thit b iu khin (Controller): Thit b iu khin da trn k

thut vi x l.

38-M un I/O (I/O module): M un vo/ra dng nhn tn hiu t bn

ngoi vo x l hoc a lnh iu khin t bn trong ra ngoi .

39-T ni dy cp ra (Marshalling cabinet): T cha cc hng kp ni

trung gian gia mt bn l cp ni vi cc m un I/O v mt bn l cp
ni vi cc t MCC hoc vi cc hp ni c lin quan vi cc cm bin v cc
b tc ng ti ni sn xut

40-Chm in gin tip (Indirect voltage touch): Tip xc vi cc b

phn c tnh dn in h ca thit b in b chm do hng
cch in c coi l chm in gin tip.
Ph lc B ca tcxdvn............
Phn loi ni lp t h thng ni t theo mc nguy him

Ni lp t h thng ni t thit b c phn loi theo mc nguy

him v in nh sau:

1-Ni nguy him l ni c mt trong cc yu t sau:

a) m.hoc c bi dn in ( m tng i ca khng kh vt qu

75% trong thi gian di hoc c bi dn in bm vo dy dn v lt
vo trong thit b in);

b) nn nh dn in (bng kim loi, t, b tng, ct thp, gch...);

c) nhit cao (nhit khng kh vt qu 35oC trong thi gian di

hn mt ngy m);

d) nhng ni ngi c th ng thi tip xc vi mt bn l cc kt cu

kim loi ca nh xng, my mc, thit b cng ngh v.v... ni t v vi
mt bn l cc b phn kim loi h ca thit b in.

2-Ni c bit nguy him l ni c mt trong cc yu t sau:

a) rt m (( m tng i ca khng kh xp x 100%, th

hin trn, tng, sn nh v vt trong nh c ng sng);

b) mi trng c hot tnh ho hc (thng xuyn hay trong thi gian di c

cha hi, kh, cht lng c th to nn cc cht n mn, nm mc dn
n ph hu cch in v v cc b phn mang in ca thit b
in);

c) ng thi c hai hoc nhiu hn hai yu t ca ni nguy him nu

trong mc 1.

3-Ni t nguy him l ni khng thuc hai loi trn.