Professional Documents
Culture Documents
This is what CONTROLS has now been doing for almost 50 years. It might seem a long time,
but those years have served to consolidate the companys core values: corporate ethics, accountability,
a service-oriented attitude, continuous innovation and a mutual trust with all those customers and
partners who have joined us on an exciting adventure of people, products and technologies.
Our heritage is founded on these solid bases.
Partnership and innovation have been the cornerstones of a continual process that has seen
CONTROLS become a pioneer and leader in the industry since its inception.
But corporate positioning and strategy need to be constantly re-oriented to anticipate market trends
and meet the increasing needs of customers.
This is why CONTROLS maintains This is why CONTROLS is constantly This is why CONTROLS, with its
a global presence based on a solid investing in R&D, developing pro- strong industrial vocation, vertically
worldwide network carefully struc- prietary technologies and innovative integrates the entire process, from
tured over the years and attentively products, such as the MCC, AUTOMAX product conception to design, and
serving its customers with a team of and PILOT, still today unsurpassed from production to distribution and
skilled and experienced staff regu- benchmarks in the world of compres- service.
larly trained in the factory. sion testing machines.
This is why in early 2015 CON- This is why in 2014 CONTROLS This is why at last the new General
TROLS moved to a new premises of acquired IPC Global Pty Ltd., Aus- Catalogue is here, now in its VIII Edi-
over 8000 m2 to make the entire pro- tralias global leader in dynamic tion, rich and comprehensive, offering
cesses more efficient and enhance pavement testing, recognized for its a range of products and systems un-
the quality standards, to offer new technological excellence. The initia- paralleled in detail and quality. A vast
spaces for products training and to tive complements the Pavelab Sys- range of products and services, from
further strengthen the R&D section. tems range of advanced asphalt and basic equipment, always adhering with-
bitumen testing equipment and con- out compromise to the latest standards
firms the status of CONTROLS Group and safety regulations, all the way up to
as the ideal partner for the world of the most sophisticated machines for the
research and science. world of research and advanced testing.
My sincere thanks go to all those partners and associates who, with their expertise,
commitment and loyalty, have helped over the years to increase and strengthen our position in
the world. Building on the results so far and well aware that there is still a long way to go, we are
committed to carry on with renewed energy and enthusiasm towards new and more exciting targets,
well determined to continue... anticipating the future.
Pasquale Di Iorio
CONTROLS GROUP President
One group:
your partner
CONTROLS Group, with its branch offices and worldwide
network of qualified distributors has been, for almost
50 years, the ideal partner in test equipment for the
construction industry. Worldwide.
Since 1941
In the field
April 2014
March 2014
The Academy Centre is launched, specializing in the training
of laboratory technicians, either at CONTROLS headquarters or
ACADEM Y
CENTRE directly on site throughout the world.
Made in CONTROLS:
total quality
Being a company with a long-standing industrial
tradition, CONTROLS vertically integrates the entire
process, from product conception to design and from
manufacture to distribution and after-sales.
In the new site of over 8000 m2, large-scale production and
economies of scale go hand in hand with craftsmanlike care in
the assembly and calibration of the products, from the simplest
to the most complex and sophisticated.
creative technology
The most comprehensive range of testing equipment
for the construction industry on the market today is
based entirely on advanced proprietary technologies.
For CONTROLS innovation has always been a state of mind,
a mental attitude summed up in this concept:
CUSTOMER VALUE
DRIVES THE INNOVATION
Soil: Wykeham Farrance offers a complete range for static and dynamic
testing for standard applications and research.
Asphalt: Pavelab Systems and IPC Global offer a range of road surface
instrumentation unequalled in their completeness, quality and reliability.
First class after-sales service:
Section
Page
Soil Classification
16 Field classification 24
19 Moisture content 34
22 Laboratory classification 36
24 Chemical tests 41
Soil Mechanics
26 Consolidation 46
27 Direct/Residual shear 53
28 Triaxial testing 66
29 Automatic triaxial testing 96
30 Data acquisition systems 108
31 Dynamic testing systems 114
Compacted Road Base and Subbase Soils
33 Moisture/Density relationship 134
34 CBR California Bearing Ratio 142
35 Field density, Bearing capacity 156
38 Soil permeability 166
45 Rock Mechanics 172
Aggregates
47 Geometrical properties 192
48 Mechanical and physical properties 197
Concrete Testing
50 Compression testing machines, Machine parts, Flexural frames
and accessories, Advanced Testing Systems 214
54 Fresh Concrete Testing 276
55 Hardened concrete testing 286
58 NDT Non destructive testing 306
Cement Testing
62 Physical and chemical properties 336
63 Setting time and consistency 344
64 Building lime, grout and mud testing 350
65 Determination of cement strength 358
70 Universal Testing Machines 376
Asphalt Testing
75 Analysis of Bituminous Mixtures 398
76 Design and Testing of Bituminous Mixtures 418
77 Rheologic Properties of Bituminous Mixtures 454
80 Road Quality testing 468
79 IPC Global Dynamic testing systems 480
81 Bitumen 516
General Equipment
82 Measuring instruments 544
83 Core drilling equipment 558
86 General laboratory apparatus 561
List of Standards 574
Analytical Index 580
Code Index 604
Drying, Weighing and Grading
10 Drying samples
11 Weighing samples
15 Sample grading
Ovens and similar equipment, balances and test sieves with related accessories are common
equipment that are indispensable for all laboratories for construction materials. We propose a wide range
of models which satisfy the requirement of all main International Standards and particularly the EN 932-5
Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 5: Common equipment and calibration.
10 Drying samples
Laboratory ovens 4
Hot plates 5
Muffle furnaces 6
Climatic chambers 7
11 Weighing samples
Top loading electronic balances 9
Moisture determination balance 10
Standard calibration weights 10
15 Sample grading
Testing sieves 11
Sieve shakers 15
Wet washing sieves 20
Ultrasonic cleansing apparatus 20
Riffle boxes (Sample splitters) 21
3
10 DRYING, WEIGHING and GRADING | DRYING SAMPLES
10-D1396
Stainless steel, forced convection, digital
laboratory oven, 250 litre capacity 230 V,
50-60 Hz, 1 ph Models 10- D1396 D1397 D1398
10-D1396/Z D1396/Z D1397/Z
As above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
10-D1397 Nominal capacity 250 litres 450 litres 780 litres
Stainless steel, forced convection, digital Max. temperature 200C 200C 200C
laboratory oven, 450 litre capacity 230 V,
50-60 Hz, 1 ph Air convection Forced Forced Forced
10-D1397/Z Rated power 2100 W 3100 W 4200 W
As above but 220 V, 60 Hz, 3 ph
10-D1398 Internal dimensions (w x d x h) 540 x 650 x 700 mm 600 x 750 x 1000 mm 810 x 800 x 1200 mm
Stainless steel, forced convection, digital External dimensions (w x d x h) 900 x 1020 x 970 mm 1020 x 1120 x 1270 mm 1235 x 1180 x 1450 mm
laboratory oven, 780 litre capacity (approx.)
380 V, 50 Hz, 3 ph
10-D1398/Z Number of shelves 3 3 3
As above but 220 V, 60 Hz, 3 ph Weight (approx.) 130 kg 157 kg 200 kg
4
DRYING, WEIGHING and GRADING | DRYING SAMPLES 10
Hot plates
Digital hot plates Technical specifications General utility hot plates Technical specifications
Designed to meet routine heat- Temperature range: ambient to 350 C Used in laboratories for a wide va- Plate diameter: 160 mm
ing requirements of laboratories, Accuracy: 5 C riety of applications, there are two Heating power: 1000 W
this hot plate has a digital tem- Heating area: 300x 400 mm versions of this hot plate available: Overall dimensions:
perature controller and an alu- Heating power: 2000 W 10-D1402 with temperature con- 260 x 260 x 135 mm
minium heating surface. Overall dimensions: trol via a multi-position switch, Weight: 3 kg (approx)
400 x 300 x 150 mm and 10-D1402/A with a bi-metal-
10-D1401/E Weight: 18 kg (approx) lic thermostat. 10-D1402
Digital hot plate, 300 x 400 mm, alumi- Hot plate, 160 mm diameter, multi-
nium alloy/stainless steel plate 230 V, position switch 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph
50-60 Hz, 1 ph 10-D1402/Z
As above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
10-D1402/A
Hot plate, 160 mm diameter, bi-metallic
thermostat 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph
5
10 DRYING, WEIGHING and GRADING | DRYING SAMPLES
10-D1418
Muffle furnace, 1100 C max temperature
230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph
10-D1418/A
Muffle furnace, 1200 C max temperature
230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph
10-D1418/AZ
As above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
10-D1418/AP
Muffle furnace, 1200 C max tempera-
ture, complete with temperature ramp
programmer 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph
10-D1419
Muffle furnace, 1100 C max temperature,
high capacity, floor mounted model
220-380 V, 50-60 Hz, 3 ph 10-D1419
10-D1418/A, 10-D1418
10-D1418/AP
6
DRYING, WEIGHING and GRADING | DRYING SAMPLES 10
Climatic chambers
Standards Two versions of this advanced climatic chamber are offered:
EN 1367-1 | EN 12390-2 | EN 196-1
10-D1429 - temperature controlled from -25 to +70 C, for testing aggregates in conform-
ance with EN 1367-1 as well as other similar tests on concrete and other construction
materials, and
10-D1429/A - temperature and humidity controlled from -25 to +70 C and 10 to 95% re-
spectively, for aggregates and various other applications such as concrete and cement
specimen curing (EN 12390-2, EN 196-1).
Both models can be upgraded with an internal data recording facility, data output port and dedicated PC softwa-
re See accessory 10-D1429/REC
For the determination of resistance to freezing and thawing of aggregates, the accessory 48-D0457 should be
used See accessories
main features
7
11 DRYING, WEIGHING and GRADING | WEIGHING SAMPLES
Balances
Balances are a general purpose laboratory apparatus used either for soil, aggregates, cement, concrete or asphalt testing.
CONTROLS supply a wide range of electronic models suitable for different applications ranging from large central laboratories and
on-site laboratories, to educational facilities. The battery operated models are particularly suitable for use in the field (battery pack
can be provided on request). We also offer a range of accessories and calibration weights for periodically checking the balances.
Selection guide for weighing in conformance with Minimum mass of sample for sieve
ASTM, BS and EN standards analysis1
Minimum Standards Resolution Minimum Nominal size Minimum mass
sample weight, g (scale interval accuracy of material, mm of sample, kg
or decimal), g (tolerance), g
8
DRYING, WEIGHING and GRADING | WEIGHING SAMPLES 11
Models 11- Capacity, Resolution Pan dimensions Calibration Power adapter, V Weight, kg m a i n f e at u r e s
g g mm (approx.) > Mains and rechargeable battery
operated (battery pack not
D0630/04 420 0001 80 diameter DKD 230 25 included)
D0630/04Z 420 0001 80 diameter DKD 110 25 > Under balance weighing facility
D0630/06 600 001 130 diameter Traceable 230/110 15 (except for the 150 kg model)
D0630/4 4200 001 150 diameter DKD 230 23 > RS232 serial port
D0630/4Z 4200 001 150 diameter DKD 110 23 > Supplied complete with traceable
D0630/6 6000 01 140 x 150 Traceable 230/110 3 or DKD (DeutscherKalibrierdienst,
D0630/10 10000 01 150 x 170 DKD 230 11 the German Accreditation Authori-
D0630/10Z 10000 01 150 x 170 DKD 110 11 ty calibration certificate
D0630/15 15000 02 225 x 300 Traceable 230/110 51
D0630/16 16000 01 210 x 230 Traceable 230 72
D0630/16Z 16000 01 210 x 230 Traceable 110 72
D0630/24 24100 01 160 x 200 DKD 230 4
D0630/24Z 24000 01 160 x 200 DKD 110 27
D0630/30 30000 05 225 x 300 Traceable 230/110 51
D0630/30A 30000 1 340 x 240 DKD 230 65
D0630/30AZ 30000 1 340 x 240 DKD 110 65
D0630/60 65000 1 340 x 240 DKD 230 65
D0630/60Z 65000 1 340 x 240 DKD 110 65
D0632/30 4500 01
210 x 230 Traceable 230 72
Dual range 32000 1
D0632/30Z 4500 01 11-D0630/04
210 x 230 Traceable 110 72
Dual range 32000 1
D0632/150 60000 2
318 x 308 DKD 230 4
Dual range 150000 5
D0632/150Z 60000 2
318 x 308 DKD 110 4
Dual range 150000 5
11-D0630/24
9
11 DRYING, WEIGHING and GRADING | WEIGHING SAMPLES
Technical specifications
Capacity: 210 g
Resolution: 01 mg
Accuracy: 03 mg
Tare range: by subtraction up to full
capacity Moisture determination
Display: seven-character LCD balance
Data interface: bi-directional RS 232 11-D0700/C - D0707/C
This model automatically and si-
Pan diameter: 80 mm Standard calibration
multaneously dries and weighs weights M1 Class,
Dimensions: 215 x 345 x 345 mm
solid samples for the determina- 50 g to 20kg Accessories
(w x d x h)
tion of moisture content. With a
Weight: 59 kg (approx) Used for periodic checking of 11-D0708
built-in timer, the balance pro-
vides a continuous direct readout balances. The standard weights Wooden box for single weights up to 500 g
for both weight and percentage 11-D0700/C to 11-D0707/C are
11-D0708/1
moisture loss throughout the en- supplied complete with a manu-
facturers certificate of conform- Wooden box for 1 kg weight
tire cycle.
ity. Calibrated models, with AC- 11-D0708/2
CREDIA certificate also available Wooden box for 2 kg weight
19-D0602/B and are identified adding suffix 1 11-D0708/3
Moisture determination balance, to the code. Ex.: 11-D0700/C1.
160 g capacity, 1 mg resolution Wooden box for 5 kg weight
230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph 11-D0708/4
11-D0700/C Wooden box for 10 kg weight
Specifications
50 g calibration weight, M1 Class, 3 mg
Capacity: 160 g tolerance Set of weights 1mg to 50 g
Resolution: 1 mg 11-D0701/C 11-D0709/C
Timer: 0-99 minutes
19-D0602/B 100 g calibration weight, M1 Class, 5 mg Set of weights, 1 mg to 50 g, 20 pieces
Dimensions: tolerance in total
194 x 340 x 235 mm (w x d x h)
Weight: 115 kg (approx) 11-D0702/C
200 g calibration weight, M1 Class,
10 mg tolerance
10
DRYING, WEIGHING and GRADING | SAMPLE GRADING 15
Testing Sieves
We propose a complete range of full depth testing sieves with 200 mm, 8, 250 mm, 300 mm, 12, 315 mm and
450 mm dia., with woven wire cloth and perforated plate conforming to the different Standards. On request we
can also supply models with round holes perforated plate from 1 to 100 mm dia.
All frames except the 450 mm dia., and wire cloth sieves are manufactured from stainless steel. Perforated plates
are made from tinned steel. Sieves having the same nominal diameter are designed to nest one in each other.
Using 200 mm (8) sieves it is possible to test up to 1000 g of aggregates and 3000 g with 300 mm (12) dia.
Standards
11
15 DRYING, WEIGHING and GRADING | SAMPLE GRADING
12
DRYING, WEIGHING and GRADING | SAMPLE GRADING 15
ISO 3310-2* Test sieves of perforated metal plate
Code Code Code Code Code
Nominal aperture 200 mm dia. 250 mm dia. 300 mm dia. 315 mm dia. 450 mm dia.
4 mm 15-D2550/J 15-D2550/F 15-D3550/J 15-D3550/F 15-D4550/J
4.75 mm 15-D2545/J 15-D2545/F 15-D3545/J 15-D3545/F 15-D4545/J
5 mm 15-D2540/J 15-D2540/F 15-D3540/J 15-D3540/F 15-D4540/J
5.6 mm 15-D2535/J 15-D2535/F 15-D3535/J 15-D3535/F 15-D4535/J
6.3 mm 15-D2530/J 15-D2530/F 15-D3530/J 15-D3530/F 15-D4530/J
6.7 mm 15-D2525/J 15-D2525/F 15-D3525/J 15-D3525/F 15-D4525/J
7.1 mm 15-D2520/J 15-D2520/F 15-D3520/J 15-D3520/F 15-D4520/J
8 mm 15-D2515/J 15-D2515/F 15-D3515/J 15-D3515/F 15-D4515/J
9 mm 15-D2514/J 15-D2514/F 15-D3514/J 15-D3514/F 15-D4514/J
9.5 mm 15-D2510/J 15-D2510/F 15-D3510/J 15-D3510/F 15-D4510/J
10 mm 15-D2505/J 15-D2505/F 15-D3505/J 15-D3505/F 15-D4505/J
11.2 mm 15-D2500/J 15-D2500/F 15-D3500/J 15-D3500/F 15-D4500/J
12.5 mm 15-D2495/J 15-D2495/F 15-D3495/J 15-D3495/F 15-D4495/J
13.2 mm 15-D2490/J 15-D2490/F 15-D3490/J 15-D3490/F 15-D4490/J
14 mm 15-D2485/J 15-D2485/F 15-D3485/J 15-D3485/F 15-D4485/J
16 mm 15-D2480/J 15-D2480/F 15-D3480/J 15-D3480/F 15-D4480/J
18 mm* 15-D2479/J 15-D2479/F 15-D3479/J 15-D3479/F 15-D4479/J
19 mm 15-D2475/J 15-D2475/F 15-D3475/J 15-D3475/F 15-D4475/J
20 mm 15-D2470/J 15-D2470/F 15-D3470/J 15-D3470/F 15-D4470/J
22.4 mm 15-D2465/J 15-D2465/F 15-D3465/J 15-D3465/F 15-D4465/J
25 mm 15-D2460/J 15-D2460/F 15-D3460/J 15-D3460/F 15-D4460/J
26.5 mm 15-D2455/J 15-D2455/F 15-D3455/J 15-D3455/F 15-D4455/J
28 mm 15-D2450/J 15-D2450/F 15-D3450/J 15-D3450/F 15-D4450/J
31.5 mm 15-D2445/J 15-D2445/F 15-D3445/J 15-D3445/F 15-D4445/J
37.5 mm 15-D2440/J 15-D2440/F 15-D3440/J 15-D3440/F 15-D4440/J
40 mm 15-D2442/J 15-D2442/F 15-D3442/J 15-D3442/F 15-D4442/J
45 mm 15-D2435/J 15-D2435/F 15-D3435/J 15-D3435/F 15-D4435/J
50 mm 15-D2430/J 15-D2430/F 15-D3430/J 15-D3430/F 15-D4430/J
53 mm 15-D2425/J 15-D2425/F 15-D3425/J 15-D3425/F 15-D4425/J
56 mm 15-D2426/J 15-D2426/F 15-D3426/J 15-D3426/F 15-D4426/J
63 mm 15-D2420/J 15-D2420/F 15-D3420/J 15-D3420/F 15-D4420/J
75 mm 15-D2415/J 15-D2415/F 15-D3415/J 15-D3415/F 15-D4415/J
80 mm 15-D2416/J 15-D2416/F 15-D3416/J 15-D3416/F 15-D4416/J
90 mm 15-D2410/J 15-D2410/F 15-D3410/J 15-D3410/F 15-D4410/J
100 mm 15-D2402/J 15-D2402/F 15-D3402/J 15-D3402/F 15-D4402/J
106 mm 15-D2405/J 15-D2405/F 15-D3405/J 15-D3405/F 15-D4405/J
125 mm 15-D2400/J 15-D2400/F 15-D3400/J 15-D3400/F 15-D4400/J
main features
> Each sieve is supplied complete
with certificate of conformity
13
15 DRYING, WEIGHING and GRADING | SAMPLE GRADING
14
DRYING, WEIGHING and GRADING | SAMPLE GRADING 15
Sieve shakers
Digital Air Jet sieve shaker
Standards EN 933-10
15-D0413
Digital Air Jet sieve shaker
230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph
15
15 DRYING, WEIGHING and GRADING | SAMPLE GRADING
Sieve shakers
Standards EN 932-5
16
DRYING, WEIGHING and GRADING | SAMPLE GRADING 15
Technical specifications
Sieve capacity:
up to ten 200 - 203 mm (8) diame-
ter sieves plus pan and cover;
up to six 300 - 315 mm (12) diame- 15-D0411 15-D0407/B
ter sieves plus pan and cover
Maximum sample weight: from 1500
to 4500 g depending on the sieve size
Rotational action: 327 oscillations per Electro-magnetic sieve Accessories Wet sieving attachments
minute (approx) shaker 15-D0407/B series (for all sieve shakers)
Jarring action: 40 vertical blows per 15-D0400/CAB
minute 15-D0407/B Noise reduction cabinet for 15-D0407 and This set comprises a locking lid
Electromagnetic sieve shaker 15-D0411 shakers with a spray nozzle, a stainless
Power: 250 W
230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph Ideal for reducing noise in the laboratory steel base pan with a drainage
Dimensions: 540 x 372 x 1013 mm
(w x d x h) and essential for working within CE limits plate and spout, a location plate
15-D0407/BZ
The cabinet is manufactured from sheet and 10 watertight seals (O-rings).
Weight: 75 kg (approx) As above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
steel and is lined internally with soundpro- Three models are available:
ofing material
Ordering information This unit has a vertical sieving mo- 15-D0400/A1
Overall dimensions:
tion provided by a very effective Wet sieving attachment for 200 mm
15-D0411 770 x 772 x 1415 mm (w x d x h)
electro-magnetic unit. diameter sieves Weight 25 kg (approx)
Electro-mechanical, triple motion sieve Weight: 60 kg (approx)
The shaker has a built-in timer, 15-D0400/A2
shaker 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph
and can be used with the wet Wet sieving attachment for 203 mm (8)
15-D0411/Z sieving attachment for washing diameter sieves Weight 25 kg (approx)
As above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph fine materials through the sieves
15-D0400/A3
without any loss of sample. The
noise reduction cabinet is recom- Wet sieving attachment for 300 mm
diameter sieves Weight 5 kg (approx)
mended for use in CE countries.
See accessories.
Technical specifications
Sieve capacity:
up to twelve 203 mm (8) diameter
sieves plus pan and cover;
up to eight 300 - 315 mm (12)
diameter sieves plus pan and cover
Power: 400 W (approx)
Dimensions: 496 x 406 x 946 mm
(w x d x h) 15-D0400
Weight: 30 kg (approx)
17
15 DRYING, WEIGHING and GRADING | SAMPLE GRADING
15-D0420/A1
Dust cover
15-D0428/10
Tray only, without mesh Used as spacer Screen trays
between trays
15-D0428/09
Dustpan tray
18
DRYING, WEIGHING and GRADING | SAMPLE GRADING 15
Screen trays for use with ISO 3310-1 and 3310-2: woven wire
15-D0420/A Shaker stainless steel mesh and perforated steel
metal plate
Made from steel, the trays are available in
several versions: Tray dimensions:
ASTM E11, woven wire mesh: coarse, 457 x 660 x 75 mm (w x d x h)
intermediate, fine and fine with reinforced Weight: 65 kg (approx)
mesh, made from stainless steel;
Screen trays
conforming to ISO 3310-1
Screen trays conforming to ASTM E11 Woven wire mesh type
Woven wire mesh type 15-D0427 Series
15-D0425 Coarse series 15-D0427 Fine series
Model Mesh opening
Model Mesh opening Model Mesh opening 15-D0427/
15-D0425/ mm inches 15-D0427/ mm US std E02 80 m
01 1016 4 01 1190 No 16 E04 100 m
02 905 3 02 1000 No 18 E08 160 m
03 761 3 03 0841 No 20 E10 200 m
04 640 2 04 0707 No 25 E12 250 m
05 538 212 05 0595 No 30 E14 315 m
06 50.8 () 2 06 0500 No 35 E15 355 m
07 453 1 07 0420 No 40 E16 400 m
08 38.1 () 1 08 0354 No 45 E20 630 m
09 320 1 09 0297 No 50 E22 800 m
10 269 106 10 0250 No 60 E26 125 mm
11 25.4 () 1 11 0210 No 70 E28 160 mm
12 226 7/8 12 0177 No 80 E34 315 mm
13 19.0 () 3/4 13 0149 No 100
14 160 5/8 Screen trays
15 135 530 conforming to ISO 3310-2
15-D0428 Fine series with reinforced mesh
16 12.7 () 1/2 Perforated metal plate type
17 112 7/16 Model Mesh opening
15-D0428/ mm US std 15-D0425 Series
18 951 3/8
19 800 5/16 01 0125 No 120 Nominal
Model aperture
20 673 265 02 0105 No 140
15-D0425/
03 0088 No 170 mm
21 635 1/4
04 0074 No 200 E04 40
mm US Std
E05 56
22 566 No3
E08 71
23 476 No 4
E09 80
() Standard set recommended by ASTM E12 100
15-D0426 Intermediate series E13 112
E14 125
Model Mesh opening
15-D0426/ E16 140
mm US std
E17 160
01 400 No 5
E18 180
02 336 No 6
E19 200
03 283 No 7
E20 224
04 238 No 8
E24 315
05 200 No 10
E26 400
06 168 No 12
E28 500
07 141 No 14
E30 560
E31 630
E33 800
19
15 DRYING, WEIGHING and GRADING | SAMPLE GRADING
Sieve Brushes
86-D1672
Soft hair brush, 3 mm diameter (BS 812)
86-D1673/G
Brass sieve brush
86-D1673/G1
Double ended brass/nylon sieve
brush
86-D1675
Round bristle brush, 33 mm
diameter 86-D1685, 86-D1675, 86-D1672, 86-D1673/G1,
86-D1685/G
15-D0160/A, 15-D0160 86-D1685
Nylon sieve brush 33 mm diameter
86-D1685/G
Double ended nylon sieve brush
20
DRYING, WEIGHING AND GRADING | SAMPLE GRADING 15
Riffle boxes
Used to divide representative dry
samples into the required batch
sizes for testing. Made from sheet
steel and supplied complete with
3 metal pans.
Ordering information
Bar sieves (Grids)
15-D0438
EN riffle box, 7 mm slot width
Standards EN 933-1
15-D0438/A Used to determine the flakiness
EN riffle box, 15 mm slot width index of aggregates.
15-D0438/B Aluminium frame with steel bars.
EN riffle box, 30 mm slot width 15-D0438 to 15-D0438/H
For more information see page 193
15-D0438/C
EN riffle box, 50 mm slot width Model Maximum Slot width, Number of Capacity, Weight,
15-D0438/D 15- particle size, mm slots dm3 kg
mm
EN riffle box, 19 mm slot width
D0438 5 7 12 024 15
15-D0438/F
D0438/A 10 15 12 2 5
EN riffle box, 38 mm slot width
D0438/B 20 30 10 46 19
15-D0438/G D0438/C 40 50 8 14 235
EN riffle box, 64 mm slot width D0438/D 13 19 10 3 55
15-D0438/H D0438/F 25 38 8 96 19
EN riffle box, 45 mm slot width D0438/G 50 64 8 21 27
15-D0431 D0438/H 35 45 8 28 23
Stainless steel sample splitter,sixteen D0431 MINI 3-4 5 16 015 14 Bar sieves
5 mm slots
Specifications
Aggregate particle size: up to 150 mm
Adjustable openings: from 125 mm
at 125 mm intervals
15-D0431
Clam shell hopper capacity: 28 dm3 15-D0430
Number of pans: 2
Overall height: 991 mm
Hopper size: 737 x 483 mm (w x d)
Accessories
Weight: 50 kg (approx)
15-D0430/1
Ordering information Spare metal pan
15-D0430
Large capacity sample splitter
21
Soil Classification
16 Field classification
19 Moisture content
22 Laboratory classification
24 Chemical tests
In all sections of civil engineering and in particular in soil mechanics, the engineer during the
design stage must ensure that the analysis of soil properties relates directly to the relevant foundation or
structure. Using procedures involving extracting, examining and testing representative samples the engineer
can compute a model very close to the real situation. In recent years we have seen a significant contribution
to experimental analysis resulting from more sophisticated testing procedures, updating of many Internatio-
nal Standards, and publication of good testing manuals and procedures. We propose a large range of testing
equipment which satisfy all requirements.
16 Field classification
Augers 24
22 Laboratory classification
Particle density
Penetrometers 26 and particle size analysis 36
Hand vane testers 27 Liquid limit penetrometers 38
Water level indicators 27 Casagrande liquid limit devices 39
Dynamic penetrometers 28 Shrinkage limit test set 40
Sample extruders 30 Plastic limit test set 40
Laboratory planet mixers 32
Soil lathes/trimmers 33 24 Chemical tests
Water testing kits 41
19 Moisture content
Carbide meters 34
Quantab chloride titrators
Sulphate test strips
41
41
Dessicators 35 Ion exchange apparatus 41
PH meters 42
Magnetic stirrers 42
16 SOIL CLASSIFICATION | FIELD CLASSIFICATION
Augers
Standards ASTM D420 | ASTM D1452 | AASHTO T86 | AASHTO T202
Augers
Augers are used for general ex-
ploration in soil investigation to
obtain samples that are repre-
sentative of each layer of mate-
rial. Made of special plated steel,
they have a T handle with a 1
m shaft which has to be ordered
separately. See accessories, code
16-T0005/1.
16-T0005/A
Hand auger head, 80 mm diameter
Weight 2 kg (approx)
16-T0006/A 16-T0007/A, 16-T0008/A, 16-T0006/A, 16-T0008/C, 16-T0005/A, 16-T0010/6, 16-T0008/B
Hand auger head, 100 mm diameter
Weight 25 kg (approx)
16-T0007/A 16-T0010/G
Hand auger head, 150 mm diameter Soil prospecting kit
Weight 3 kg (approx) Standards
16-T0008/A ASTM D420 | ASTM D1452 |
AASHTO T86 16-T0010/G
Spiral soil auger head, 40 mm diameter
Weight 3 kg (approx)
This set comprises all the most
16-T0008/B popular auger and sampler com-
Dutch soil auger head, Edelman model, ponents, housed in a practical
70 mm diameter, for soft fine soils Weight carrying case. It consists of:
2 kg (approx)
16-T0005/A
16-T0008/C Hand auger head, 80 mm diameter
Gravel auger head,150 mm diameter
Weight 13 kg (approx) 16-T0006/A
Hand auger head, 100 mm diameter
16-T0010/6
16-T0007/A
Stainless steel sample tube, Hand auger head, 150 mm diameter
38 x 230 mm (diameter x length) Weight
03 kg (approx) 16-T0008/A
Spiral soil auger head, 40 mm diameter
16-T0005/1
16-T0008/B T handle with 1 m shaft
Dutch soil auger head, Edelman model,
70 mm diameter
16-T0005/5
Two Stillson wrenches
16-T0008/C
Gravel auger head, 150 mm diameter Case dimensions: 1050 x 480 x 190 mm
Weight: 50 kg (approx)
16-T0010/6
Six stainless steel sample tubes,
38 x 230 mm (diameter x length)
16-T0005/A, T0006/A and T0007/A with
16-T0005/1 T-handle
16-T0010/7
Twelve plastic end caps for sample tubes
Accessories (16-T0010/6)
16-T0005/1 16-T0010/3
Jarring link
T handle with 1 m shaft
16-T0010/8
16-T0005/2 Hand extruder for sample tubes
Shaft extension rod, 1 m long (16-T0010/6)
16-T0005/3 16-T0005/2
Chisel, 300 mm long Six shaft extension rods, 1 m long
Detail of 16-T0010/8, Hand extruder with 16-T0010/6 Sample tube
24
SOIL CLASSIFICATION | FIELD CLASSIFICATION 16
16-T0009/L 16-T0009/M
16-T0009/L
Models 16- T0009/L T0009/M
Auger power head, 2 hp, two-stroke
Piston displacement, cc 449 135 engine, complete with 80 mm diameter
Engine 2 hp, two-stroke 45 hp, four-stroke auger
Fuel Fuel mixture Gasoline 16-T0009/M
Ignition Electronic Electronic Auger power head, 45 hp, four-stroke
Augers 80 x 800 mm Not included - engine, reverse gear Auger not included
(diameter x length) see accessories
16-T0010 included Accessories
Sampling device to take undisturbed Maximum drilling diameter, mm 200 400 Augers and extension rods for 16-T0009/M
38 mm diameter soil samples Weight: Maximum drilling depth, m 14 20 16-T0009/M1
7 kg (approx) Operation One operator Two operators
Auger shaft, 100 mm diameter x 1000 mm
Weight, kg (approx) 105 270 long
Accessories and spares
16-T0009/M2
16-T0010/6 As above but 150 mm diameter
Stainless steel sample tubes, 38 x 230 mm 16-T0009/M3
(diameter x length), 6 pieces As above but 200 mm diamater
16-T0010/7 16-T0009/MEX
Plastic end caps for 16-T0010/6 sample Extension rod 1000 mm long
tubes, 12 pieces
Note: Augers of 100 to 200 mm diameter for
16-T0010/8 16-T0009/L and 250 to 400 mm diameter for
Hand extruder for 38 mm diameter sample 16-T0009/M are also available on request
tubes
25
16 SOIL CLASSIFICATION | FIELD CLASSIFICATION
Specifications
Measurement range: 0 - 10 kgf/cm2
(0-980 kPa)
Dimensions (assembled): 20 x 210 mm
(diameter x length) (approx)
16-T0171 Weight: 05 kg (approx)
Specifications
Measurement range: 0 to 5 kgf/cm2 16-T0160
(0-490 kPa)
Dimensions: 20 x 173 mm
(diameter x length)
Weight: 05 kg (approx)
16-T0161
16-T0163
16-T0162
26
SOIL CLASSIFICATION | FIELD CLASSIFICATION 16
Specifications
Battery operated: 9 V DC
Weight: 6 kg (approx)
16-E0096
Water level indicator, 50 m cable
16-E0096/A
As above but 100 m cable
16-T0174 16-E0096/B
As above but 200 m cable
27
16 SOIL CLASSIFICATION | FIELD CLASSIFICATION
Dynamic penetrometers
16-T0012/A
TRL*Dynamic
Cone Penetrometer (DCP)
Standards ASTM D6951
*Manufactured under license of TRL, Transport
Research Laboratory, UK
Specifications
weight Lightweight dynamic 16-T0013/8
penetrometer Drive conical point, 500 mm2 area,
The DCP penetrometer consists of:
8 kg dropping weight with a drop of Standards DIN 4094 252 mm diameter, 90 angle
575 mm This penetrometer is used to es- 16-T0013/9
Anvil with driving rod tablish the thickness of different Drive conical point, 1000 mm2 area,
Penetration rod with 60, 20 mm stratifications when investigating 356 mm diameter, 90 angle
diameter cone the suitability of a site for bridge, 16-T0013/4
Spanners, Tommy bar, bottle of adhesive road or other construction works. Sounding rod, 22 mm diameter
Case dimensions: 1200 x 350 x 200 mm 575 575 In general if the ground is not too
(approx)
DROP DROP
compacted, penetration tests with 16-T0013/7
Weight: 30 kg (approx) 1965 1965 this apparatus can be carried out to Threaded nipple to connect sounding rods
depths of about 8 to 12 m. Supplied
complete with a carrying case.
400 400
10 10
Specifications
The apparatus includes:
60 60 1252 1252 Anvil with driving rod
10 kg rammer, rammer fall 50 cm
20 20 32
300 300
32 11 sounding rods
1 grooved rod
*Note: The maximum depth of 2 m 2 drive points, 90, 500 and 1000 mm2
can be obtained adding the following Lifting device for sounding rods
extensions:
No 1 Extensin 16-T0012/2
Couplings
No 1 Extension 16-T0012/3 Standard set Extension set-up Case dimensions: 1160 x 370 x 220 mm
No 3 Extensions 16-T0012/4 Weight: 71 kg (approx)
28
SOIL CLASSIFICATION | FIELD CLASSIFICATION 16
16-T0013/E
Motor operated
20-30 kg drop weight
dynamic penetrometer
Standards DIN 4094
The apparatus comprises: a
four-stroke engine which drives
- through a flexible shaft - the lift-
ing mechanism; a 20 kg weight;
a 10 kg supplementary weight;
10 rods; 5 cones each of 500 and
1000 mm2 sizes and a rod lifting
device. The heaviest part of this
apparatus is the 20 kg dropping
weight so it is very simple to use
and easy to carry on site. The ap-
paratus satisfies DIN 4094 stand-
ards for medium weight test ap-
paratus with 30 kg mass x 20 cm
drop height. We suggest the ac- 16-T0013/E during operation
cessory 16-T0013/E1 to make the
apparatus easier to use.
Supplied complete with carrying
case for sounding rods.
Specifications
Engine: 19 kW, four-stroke
Driving rate: up to 45 blows/min
Drop height: 20 cm
Drop weight: 20 or 20 + 10 kg
Total net weight: 70 kg (approx)
(without sounding rods and accessories)
16-T0013/4
Sounding rod, 22 mm diameter
29
16 SOIL CLASSIFICATION | SOIL SAMPLING AND PREPARATION
Sample Extruders
Standards Specifications Accessories
EN 13286-2 | EN13286-47 Power: 750 W 16-T0083/A4
Maximum loading capacity: 60 kN
Adaptor for extruding 1016 mm OD
We offer two models: Maximum ram stroke: 900 mm Shelby tubes
Maximum working ram speed: 6 mm/sec
16-T0082/A, hand operated, 60 kN 16-T0083/A5
Maximum external diameter of sample
capacity, vertical extrusion, suitable for Adaptor for extruding 100 mm OD Shelby
tubes: 160 mm
compacted soil samples, and tubes
230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph
16-T0083/A, motor operated, 60 kN
16-T0083/A6
capacity, horizontal extrusion,900 mm ram
stroke, suitable for extruding soil samples Overall dimensions: Adaptor for extruding 889 mm OD Shelby
at various levels of compactness from Horizontal working position: tubes
Shelby tubes and other samplers It can 2730 x 409 x 1180 mm (wxdxh) 16-T0083/A7
also be set for vertical extrusion Vertical working position: Adaptor for extruding 83 mm OD Shelby
1025 x 409 x 1080 mm (wxdxh) tubes
16-T0083/A Weight: 160 kg (approx)
Motorized soil extruder
16-T0082/A
This extruder features one of the Hand operated vertical soil
largest capacities available on the extruder 16-T0082/A
market (ram stroke 900 mm), and
This hydraulic extruder can accom-
due to the large number of stand- (without accessories)
modate standard U4 tubes and a
ard adaptors, is considered the
range of adaptors to extrude soil Accessories
most versatile extruder, ideal for
samples of 35, 38, 101.6, 106 and
central laboratories. 16-T0082/1
152.4 mm diameter. It can also be
Sampling tubes are held in place used to remove Marshall, Proctor Adaptor for extruding 35, 38, 1016, 106
by an adjustable V shaped bear- and CBR specimens. Appropriate and 1524 mm diameter samples Total
ing which can extrude either in accessories and adaptors are avail- length 280 mm (approx)
a vertical or horizontal position. able and have to be ordered sepa- 16-T0082/3
Both the hydraulic cylinder as- rately. See accessories. Adaptor for extruding 38 mm diameter
sembly and the receiving tray can
samples only
easily be lowered alongside the Specifications
machine to save space when not 16-T0082/4
Maximum loading capacity: Frame and adaptor only for extruding
in use. The machine is supplied
60 kN (6000 kgf) three 38 mm dia tubes from a U4 tube
without tube adaptors which
Maximum ram stroke: 480 mm
have to be ordered separately. 16-T0082/5
Dimensions: 1140 x300 x 370 mm
See accessories. 106 mm adaptor for extruding a soil
Weight: 50 kg (approx)
sample from U4 tubes
16-T0083/A in vertical extrusion position 16-T0082/A16
Extension for extruding samplesup to
450 mm long
16-T0083/A during
operation
30
SOIL CLASSIFICATION | SOIL SAMPLING AND PREPARATION 16
16-D1860/B
16-T0080
55-D1403
31
16 SOIL CLASSIFICATION | SOIL SAMPLING AND PREPARATION
We propose three versions: 5, 10, and 20 litres capacity (respectively models 76-B0702, 76-B0072 and 76-B0075/B).
They all feature a robust construction with a bowl and whisk that are easy to fit and to remove. When lifting the
cover, a safety switch turns the mixer off for operator safety conforming to CE directives. A planetary mixing
action ensures a complete and uniform mixing of the materials. All models are supplied complete with whisk.
For mixing asphalt samples, the mixers have to be fitted with the suitable Isomantle heater (see page 421).
Ordering information Accessories and spares Note: for complete and detailed information
see page 421
76-B0702 76-B0702/9
Laboratory planetary mixer, 5 L capacity, Mixing hook for 76-B0702 mixers
complete with whisk 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 76-B0072/9
1 ph
76-B0704 Mixing hook for 76-B0072 mixers 76-B0072/9, 76-B0075/9
As above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph 76-B0075/9
Mixing hook for 16-B0075/B mixers
76-B0072 76-B0702/2
Laboratory planetary mixer, 10 L capacity, Spare bowl for 76-B0702 mixers 16-T0004
complete with whisk 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph
76-B0072/6 Soil cutter
76-B0072/Y
Spare bowl for 76-B0072 mixers Specifications
As above but 220 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph Standards NF P94-093
76-B0072/Z 76-B0075/1 Power: 2800 W
Ideal for breaking up lumps of
As above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph Spare bowl for 76-B0075/B mixers Capacity: 13 liters
clayto prepare soil specimens for
76-B0702/6S Dimensions: 815 x 590 x 500 (w x d x h)
compaction. Made of anodised
76-B0075/B Spare whisk for 76-B0702 mixers Weight: 110 kg (approx)
aluminium and stainless steel.
Laboratory planetary mixer, 20 L capacity, 400 V, 50 Hz, 3 ph
76-B0072/8
complete with whisk 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph
Spare whisk for 76-B0072 mixers
76-B0075/BY
As above but 220 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph 76-B0075/6
76-B0075/BZ Spare whisk for 76-B0075/B mixer
As above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
32
SOIL CLASSIFICATION | SOIL SAMPLING AND PREPARATION 16
33
19 SOIL CLASSIFICATION | MOISTURE CONTENT DETERMINATION
Carbide Meters
Moisture determination by Universal Carbide meters
carbide meters 19-T0019 Series
We offer two series of carbide Four versions are available - the
moisture meters: specifications are detailed in the
Universal and Speedy following table
All of the models can be used for
soils, sand and fine aggregates. Accessories
The operating principle is identi- 19-T0019/1
cal for all models: the sample is in-
Moisture tester reagent ampules Pack
troduced into the bottle with the of 100
reagent and the water in the sam-
ple reacts with calcium carbide 19-T0019/2 19-T0019
and produces a gas, the pressure Calibration kit for Universal carbide meters,
of which is indicated on the ma- including manometer and accessories
nometer and easily converted
into the percentage of moisture.
Important note
When the 19-T0019/1 reagent is for
export there are limitations on the method
of transportation The reagent has to
be shipped separately in special packs
according to international regulations for
dangerous materials 19-T0019/F
19-T0019/G
19-T0019/H
34
SOIL CLASSIFICATION | MOISTURE CONTENT DETERMINATION 19
Glass desiccators
86-D1110
Desiccator, 200 mm diameter, complete
with perforated plate
19-D0602/B
Weight 5 kg approx
86-D1110/A
As above but 250 mm diameter
Weight 55 kg approx
86-D1111
47-T0020/B
As above but 300 mm diameter
Important note
Weight 85 kg approx
When the 47-T0021 reagent is for export there
are limitations on the method of transportation
The reagent has to be shipped separately
in special packs according to international
regulations for dangerous materials 86-D1110
35
22 SOIL CLASSIFICATION | PARTICLE DENSITY AND PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS
22-D0445 with 2
glass jar 22 - D1132
86-D1112/A with two 86-D1126 Pyknometers, Vacuum pump, 86-D1113/1 Safety cage and
accessories
36
SOIL CLASSIFICATION | PARTICLE DENSITY AND PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS 22
22-T0060/1,86-D0802, 22-D1007/A,
22-T0062/A, 22-D1007/A1
37
22 SOIL CLASSIFICATION | PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS AND SOIL INDEX PROPERTIES
22-T0029/8 22-T0029/5
38
SOIL CLASSIFICATION | PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS AND SOIL INDEX PROPERTIES 22
Casagrande apparatus
Liquid limit:
CASAGRANDE method
Standards
ASTM D4318 | AASHTO T89 |
BS 1377:2 | NF P94-051-1 |
CEN ISO/TS 17892-06 & 17892-12 |
UNI 10014 | UNE 7377
22-T0037
22-T0041/A
40
SOIL CLASSIFICATION | CHEMICAL TESTS 24
Chemical tests
Water testing kits
24-D1870/A
Acidity test kit
For determining, by titration, the total
acidity of water caused by mineral and
organic acids
Case dimensions: 250 x 120 x 55 mm
Weight: 480 g (approx)
24-D1870/B
Chloride test kit
For determining, by titration, the chloride 24-D1870/B 24-D1870/A 24-D1870/E
content in water and waste water
Case dimensions: 190 x 120 x 60 mm
Weight: 445 g (approx)
24-D1870/C
Hardness test kit
For determining the water total hardness
Case dimensions: 190 x 120 x 60 mm
Weight: 424 g (approx)
24-D1870/E
Alkalinity test kit
For determining the total alkalinity of
water
Weight: 15 kg (approx)
24-D1870/C
24-D0852
24-D1840
48-D0543, 48-D0543/A
41
24 SOIL CLASSIFICATION | CHEMICAL TESTS
Chemical tests
pH Meters Accuracy at 20C: +/- 02 pH Magnetic stirrers 24-D0448
Standards pH calibration: manual, 2 points Used for titration and stirring all the mo- Magnetic stirrer, mixing capacity 1 liter
ASTM D1067 | BS 1377:3 Battery life , 3000 hours use approx dels in this range have variable speeds and 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph
We propose the following different Dimensions: 66 x 50 x25 mm include a magnetic Teflon coated follower 24-D0448/B
models, suitable for field and laboratory Weight approx: 70 g 81-B0145/D version feature a hot
plate which can be useful for particular Magnetic stirrer, mixing capacity 25 liters
use, as follows: 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph
Accessories applications
24-D1847 81-B0145/D
Pocket digital pH meter, battery operated 24-D1847/7 Hot plate with magnetic stirrer 230 V
Specifications Calibration kit of pH 4 and pH 7, 5 pieces 50-60 Hz, 1 ph
pH range: 000 to 1400 each
Resolution: pH 001 24-D1848 Code 24-D0448 24-D0448/B 81-B0145/D
Rotation speed, rpm 100 to 1200 100 to 1200 100 to 1200
Power, W - - 700
Dimensions, mm 120 x 120 x 45 180 x 180 x 70 170 x 230 x 150
Max temperature, C - - 400
Weight approx kg: 06 16 3
24-D1847
81-B0145/D 24-D0448
Papers
24-D1858/1
pH strips 1 to 11 pH 5 meter dispenser
24-D1858/2
pH indicator papers 0 to 14 pH 5 meter
24-D1848 Complete set
dispenser
Portable digital pH, mV, temperature 24-D1845/3 24-D1859/1
meter, complete with stand for laboratory pH 400 buffer solution, 500 ml Litmus paper red 5 to 8 pH Pack of 100 pH Papers
use Battery and mains operated strips
24-D1845/4
Specifications pH 700 buffer solution, 500 ml
pH range: 000 to 1400, accuracy 24-D1845/5
001 + 1 digit, resolution 001 pH pH 918 buffer solution, 500 ml
mV range: 1999, accuracy
1 + 1 digit, 1 mV
24-D1845/7
24-D1848
temp range: 0-100C, accuracy Electrode storage solution 500 ml
02C + 1 digit, resolution 01C 24-D1845/8
pH calibration: pH 400 700 Electrode cleaning solution 500 ml
9 V battery, and mains adapter 24-D0448
Dimensions: 96 x 120 x 46 mm
Magnetic stirrer
Weight approx: 260 g
Accessories
Note Supplied complete with pH4 and pH7
solutions, combined electrode, 9 V battery,
Pt 100 temperature probe, stand for electrode
and carrying case
42
MEMORANDUM
43
Soil Mechanics
26 Consolidation
27 Direct/Residual shear
28 Triaxial testing 66
26 Consolidation
Front loading oedometer 46
ACE, Automatic computerized oedometer 48
Hydrocon hydraulic consolidation cells 50
Continuous consolidation apparatus 52
27 Direct/Residual shear
DIGISHEAR, direct/residual digital shear machine 54
AUTOSHEAR, direct/residual shear testing machine, digital control 56
SHEARMATIC, digital automatic direct/residual shear machine 58
SHEARMATIC 300, Large digital shear box apparatus 60
Consolidation bench for shear box 61
Laboratory vane apparatus 61
TORSHEAR, digital ring shear apparatus 62
Since 1941
45
26 SOIL MECHANICS | CONSOLIDATION
Since 1941
Consolidation bench
26-WF0312
Slotted steel weights
Bench for up to three oedometers
Weight 30 kg
Accessories
Weight sets
26-WF0230/C2
Weight set, 64 kg in total, comprising: 2 x
025, 1 x 05, 1 x 1, 1 x 2, 1 x 4 and 7 x 8 kg
weights
46
SOIL MECHANICS | CONSOLIDATION 26
Code Specimen Specimen Cell dim. Weight Calibration Upper Lower Cutting
Dimensions area cm2 (dxh) mm kg disc, code porous disc porous disc ring
(dxh) mm 26- code 26- code 26- code 26-
26-WF0320 5047 x 20 2000 139 x74 13 WF0320/9 WF0320/4 WF0325/10 WF0320/3
26-WF0321 6350 x 20 3167 139 x74 13 WF0321/9 WF0321/4 WF0326/10 WF0321/3
26-WF0325 7140 x 20 4000 139 x74 13 WF0325/9 WF0325/4 WF0325/10 WF0325/3
26-WF0326 7500 x 20 4416 139 x74 13 WF0326/9 WF0326/4 WF0326/10 WF0326/3
26-WF0335 11280 x 25 10000 200 x74 30 WF0335/9 WF0335/4 WF0335/10 WF0335/3
26-WF0302 1 Front loading oedometer Increment number 5 - Loading Vertical stress (kPa) 1280 Mass (kg) 25.70
6.300
6.000
With digital data acquisition and processing d100; 5.970
5.900
Code Quantity Description
5.800
0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00
26-WF0302 1 Front loading oedometer Time (mins)
6.300
5 T8 Example 47
26 SOIL MECHANICS | CONSOLIDATION
Since 1941
Templates conforming to BS or
ASTM Standards.
Standards The frame can accept all standard
BS 1377:5 | ASTM D2435 | ASTM D3877| ASTM D4546 | AASHTO T216 | consolidation cells, from 50.47 to
112.80mm diameter.
NF P94-090-1 | NF P94-091 | UNE 103-405 | UNE 103-602
Consolidation cells, Geo-Analysis
templates and test software are
26-WF3120 can be programmed on a time or not included. See Accessories. PC
Automatic Computerized increment basis. The software can is not included.
Oedometer control up to 60 ACE units from
110-240 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph a single PC, giving the operator
the choice of controlling single or
The oedometer consolidation test
multiple units.
is used to determine the rate and Technical specifications
magnitude of consolidation of Once the software is installed
(mandatory) with the first ACE - Maximum vertical force:
a soil specimen restrained later- 15 kN - 30 kN available on request
ally and subjected to a number of unit, it is possible to extend the
- Load cell capacity: 15 kN
successive increments of vertical control of further units just by Detail of load cell and displacement transducer
enabling the communication - Displacement transducer:
load. 10 mm maximum travel
without additional interventions advantage to the users, as:
The ACE (Automatic Computer- - Maximum air pressure supply: 10 bar (If
and costs. An IP address is given - Swelling control: if the
ized oEdometer) consists of a the air pressure source is not available in
to each unit for the LAN com- specimen under test tends to the laboratory, our air compressor model
small and compact load frame
munication: system modularity is expand, a swelling limit can be 86-D2015, 50 l capacity may be used
housing two coaxial pneumatic
ensured for subsequent integra- pre-set: in case the pre set limit - Specimen size: from 5047 to 11280 mm
cylinders: the smaller one for low
tions. is exceeded, the system will diameter using our consolidation cells
loads and the other for higher
ACE software allows to set up, automatically skip to the next See Accessories
loads, with automatic switch-
save and recall different load/un- loading step. - Software: can control up to 60 ACE units
ing from one to the other when
needed. There are two analogue load sequences: for each of them - Secondary consolidation (not included, see Accessories)
channels: one for the displace- applied pressure steps, record- rate control: the system will - PC connection: LAN cable (included)
ment transducer and the other ing mode, time of application, automatically skip to next - Measurement accuracy:
for the load cell with closed-loop swelling control and secondary loading step if the secondary better than 1%
feedback, which controls applica- consolidation rate limit can be consolidation rate is lower - Overall dimensions:
defined by the user. than a pre-set limit. 280 x 300 x 600mm (w x dx h)
tion of the required pressure us-
Besides the traditional time limit Test results are recorded and - Weight approx: 25 kg (approx)
ing a high precision pneumatic
servo-actuator. Test parameters control for transition from one displayed in real time and calcu-
are pre-programmed and saved step of pressure to another, fur- lations are performed automati-
in the ACE software by the opera- ther automatic controls are in- cally. Test data can be processed
tor, including the test end, which cluded in the software with great using the proper Geo-Analysis
48
SOIL MECHANICS | CONSOLIDATION 26
Modularity concept: up to 60 ACE units can be connected to the same PC via LAN and controlled by the same software 26-WF3120/SOF
Accessories
Test software Software:
ACE software operates as interface for all testing processes: the possibility to
26-WF3120/SOF pre-set all test conditions and let each oedometer unit to work independently
ACE automatic computerized oedometer and to perform the whole test automatically is the great advantage of ACE testing
test software system, ensured by the dedicated software developed by the geotechnical experts
Consolidation cells (see page 47) Calibration and verification facilities for force
and displacement transducers are included in the
Permeability accessory (optional) software Txt files are automatically generated for
26-WF0338/B calibration reports Each system is factory calibrated
but verifications have to be ensured by the users at
Permeability attachment with 50 ml least once a year
graduated burette
Geo-Analysis templates
for data processing
30-WF6016/T1
Consolidation Geo-Analysis template
conforming to BS1377:5 Standard
30-WF6016/T8
Consolidation Geo-Analysis template
conforming to ASTM D2435 Standard The screenshot above shows an example of test
sequences setting, where swelling monitoring and
Hub control option is activated
26-WF4645
LAN Hub with 8 ports for Wykeham
Farrance devices LAN cable from hub to PC
is included
Air supply
See page 571
For each step, test data are displayed in real time and
recorded according to the pre-set logging mode
Testing unit status is continuously displayed and time
scale can be switched immediately from linear to
logarithmic and square root
49
26 SOIL MECHANICS | CONSOLIDATION
Since 1941
Hydrocon,
hydraulic consolidation cell Hydraulic
for 100 mm diameter samples consolidation
50
SOIL MECHANICS | CONSOLIDATION 26
26-WF0346
Hydrocon SWCC Dial gauge or transducer
consolidation cell Top drainage and back water
for 100 mm diameter unsaturated samples pressure / Back air pressure
Hydraulic
consolidation
51
26 SOIL MECHANICS | CONSOLIDATION
Since 1941
Projectlocation
26-WF0360 Projectreference
Boreholenumber
Samplenumber
Sampledepth(m)
Sampletype
Specimenorientation
Voidssratio()
Additional
and detailed plotting of the 0.850 AUTOTRIAX 2 software
consolidation curve for performing
0.800
fully automatic CRS
> Relatively short time to per- (constant rate of strain)
form the test: less than half the 0.750
tests is available on
time of an incremental loading request.
consolidation test
0.700
10 100 1,000
Averageeffectiveverticalstress(kPa)
10,000
See section 29
> More accurate and reliable Tested
Date
Checked
Date
Approved
Date
52
SOIL MECHANICS | DIRECT/RESIDUAL SHEAR 27
ASTM D3080 | AASHTO T236 | BS 1377:7 | NF P94 071-1/2 | CEN-ISO/TS 7982-10 Both tests can be performed, at different level of automation, with all our
Shear testing machines:
If a failure occurs in the ground (for example for deep excavations per-
formed without retaining structures), a slip circle surface is generally cre-
ated within the soil. After a first immediate general failure, the soil will sta-
27-WF2060 DIGISHEAR,
bilize, since the soil can still offer a residual strength. Different laboratory
with digital control and display of speed (see page 54)
testing methods have been developed and standardized:
27-WF2160 AUTOSHEAR,
Direct shear tests with digital speed control and data acquisition control system (see page 56)
In the traditional direct shear test the soil specimen (either undisturbed,
remoulded or compacted) is placed in a rigid metal box and subjected
to a normal constant stress. The metal box consists of two halves that 27-WF2180 SHEARMATIC,
can slide horizontally each other and will apply an increasing horizontal digital automatic version with pneumatic automatic loading by a closed-loop control
force to the lower part of the specimen while the upper part is reacting system (see page 58)
against the shearing action. From the measurement of this shearing ac-
tion the shear strength of the soil is calculated.
300
27-WF2304 SHEARMATIC 300
digital automatic version 100 kN cap with shear box assembly for 300 mm square samples
(see page 60)
The ring shear apparatus, also known as Bromhead Apparatus, has been
developed to overcome the main disadvantage of the multi-reversal
shear test, where the shearing action is reversed, causing the continu-
Direct/residual shear test with cycles ous re-orientation of the soil particles.
(forward & reverse)
In the ring shear apparatus the specimen is annular shaped and subject-
The main limitation of the conventional shear box is that it is not ed to an unlimited rotational displacement from the lower part, while
possible to apply the shearing action for large displacement of the the upper part is reacting against a couple of load rings or load cells. The
soil specimen by repeating several time the shearing action on the main advantages of this test is that large displacements make reliable
same surface of the specimen already subjected to the shearing ac- the measurement of the residual strength of a soil specimen, where the
tion of the traditional direct shear test. This type of test is standard- area of contact on the shear plane is maintained constant. The disadvan-
ized as multi-reversal direct shear. tage is that the specimen is tested only under remoulded conditions.
27-WF2202 TORSHEAR
Bromhead ring shear apparatus (see page 62)
53
27 SOIL MECHANICS | DIRECT/RESIDUAL SHEAR
Since 1941
27-WF2060
DIGISHEAR, direct/residual
shear machine
Digital control and display of speed main features
110-240 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph
> Reversible stepping motor
The DIGISHEAR machine, with for residual strength testing
digital control and display of > Infinitely variable speed drive
speed, is driven by a high resolu- from 000001 to 999999 mm/
tion stepper motor and worm min
reduction unit and can accommo- > Compact ergonomic design
date all standard-sized specimens
up to 10 cm square and 10 cm > Safety device to prevent
diameter. Vertical load is applied overload and overtravel
directly to the specimen via a > Can be fitted with
loading yoke and weight hanger, mechanical(analogue)
and can be increased by using the measuring equipment,or
counterbalanced lever-arm load- electronic with data acquisition
and processing
ing hanger which amplifies the
load by a factor of 10. The load-
ing yoke can hold up to 50 kg of
weights so that the total load on
the specimen can reach 500 N, or
5000 N when the lever-arm hang-
er is used.
The machine is supplied without Technical specifications
a shear box assembly, slotted - Speed range: adjustable from 000001 to
steel weights and load/displace- 999999 mm/min (preset via firmware)
ment measurement apparatus, - Maximum shear force: 5000 N
which can be analogue (load ring - Maximum vertical load: 500 N or 5000 N
and dial gauges), or electronic using 10:1 lever-arm device
with data acquisition and pro- - Speed drive ratio: stepper motor
cessing (load cell, displacement 1/10000 resolution
transducers and data acquisition - Horizontal travel: preset via firmware up
system). All these items have to to 20 mm
be selected and ordered sepa- - Displacement limits: controlled by
rately - see Accessories. optical safety switch
- Digital display: 4-row / 20-character
LCD Easy to operate with the membrane
keyboard
- Specimen sizes: 60 and 100 mm square;
50, 60, 635 and 100 mm diameter
Shear box
- Overall dimensions: 953 x 387 x
1180 mm (w x d x h)
- Weight: 120 kg (approx)
54
SOIL MECHANICS | DIRECT/RESIDUAL SHEAR 27
55
27 SOIL MECHANICS | DIRECT/RESIDUAL SHEAR
Since 1941
main features
> Microprocessor-controlled drive system
> Large 240 x 128-pixel display
> Test speed, direction and cycles (up to 10) programmable using the
keyboard
> Rapid approach and automatic positioning
> Infinitely variable speed from 000001 to 1100000 mm/min
> Possibility to set different speed and direction (forward and reverse)
in the residual shear test
> Three analogue channels: one for load cell, and two for displacement
transducers, 130,000-point resolution
> Different protocols for downloading data to PC through
RS-232 serial port
> Standard load ring and dial gauges also compatible for
manual recording
Standards
27-WF2160
AUTOSHEAR, direct/residual shear machine
digital control of speed and data acquisition control system
110-240 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph
56
SOIL MECHANICS | DIRECT/RESIDUAL SHEAR 27
The design of the horizontal Technical specifications Data processing software Shear box assemblies
loading system provides rigid lin- - Speed range: 000001 1100000 mm 30-WF6016/T2 For a general description and related
ear alignment of the loading ram, (preset via firmware) accessories and spares, see page 55
Direct and residual shear Geo-Analysis
shear box and force measure- - Maximum shear force: 5000 N templates conforming to BS 1377:7 Weight set
ment system, ensuring that the - Maximum vertical load: 500 N or 5000 N
30-WF6016/T9 See page 55
horizontal shearing force is trans- using 10:1 lever-arm device
mitted along the shearing plane - Speed drive ratio: stepper motor Direct shear Geo-Analysis template
Mechanical (analogue)
1/10000 resolution conforming to ASTM D3080
of the specimen. measuring devices
Techno-polymeric material of - Horizontal travel: preset via firmware up See page 55
excellent quality and high resist- to 20 mm
ance has been used for the car- - Displacement limits: controlled by
riage of the shear box. It offers optical safety switch
excellent resistance to corrosion - Maximum shear cycles: up to 10 DETERMINATIONOFSHEARSTRENGTHBYDIRECTSHEAR(inthesmallshearboxapparatus)
SetofsinglestageteststestedinaccordancewithBS1377:1990:Part7:Clause4(procedure4.5.4)
(forward and reverse)
and wear and tear, and it is resist- TESTREPORTSHEARING
ant to all chemicals found in soil - Digital: large 240 x 128 pixel display
Projectlocation EXAMPLE
specimens. The carriage is light- - Specimen sizes: 60 and 100 mm square; Projectreference 12345 Sampledepth 0.50
50, 60, 635 and 100 mm diameter Boreholenumber BH1 Sampletype Compactedcohesionless
weight and easy to clean. Samplenumber 2A Specimenorientation N/A
- Overall dimensions: 953 x 387 x 1180
The machine is supplied without mm (w x d x h) 80
load cell, transducers for hori- - Weight: 120 kg (approx) 70
zontal and vertical displacement, 60
shear box assembly and weights.
Shearstress(kPa)
50
Accessories
All these items have to be ordered 40
separately - see Accessories. Electronic measuring devices
30
processed using the Direct and travel for vertical deformation, complete 0 2 4 6
Horizontaldisplacement(mm)
8 10 12
Example of a direct shear test processed with the 30-WF6016/T2 Geo-Analysis template (BS
standard): the top plot shows shear stress versus horizontal displacement; the bottom plot shows
change in specimen height versus horizontal displacement
30-WF6208
Linear potentiometric transducer, 25 mm
travel for horizontal displacement, comple-
te with mounting block
57
27 SOIL MECHANICS | DIRECT/RESIDUAL SHEAR
Since 1941
Standards
ASTM D3080 | AASHTO T236 | BS 1377:7 | NF P094 071-1/2 | CEN-ISO/TS 7982-10 The Shearmatic unit, along with the ACE Automatic oedometer and
Autotriax 2, Automatic Triaxial test system, makes up a unique equip-
27-WF2180 ment for providing complete automation of a Consolidation, Shear and
SHEARMATIC Automatic direct/residual shear machine Triaxial Soil Mechanic laboratory.
with programmable pneumatic loading 110-240 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph The unit provides the following important features:
This microprocessor-based advanced model is a stand-alone machine,
Automatic test termination: Data recording:
driven by a high-resolution stepper motor with epicyclical reduction - When a pre-set horizontal load or - Consolidation stage: vertical pressure
gear with reduced backlash. A pneumatic closed-loop system with a displacement is reached and displacement
high-performance pressure regulator is incorporated for the automatic - After a pre-set duration of the shear - Shear stage: horizontal force and
application of vertical pressure, with the main advantage that manual stage (from 1 minute to about 7 days) displacement; vertical pressure and
loading of dead weights is eliminated. displacement
Safety micro switch:
Techno-polymeric material of high quality and resistance has been - Optical for zero and end of travel Recording mode:
used for the carriage of the shear box. It offers excellent resistance to - Linear, exponential (square root) and
- Mechanical for maximum horizontal
corrosion and wear and tear, and it is resistant to all chemicals found displacement logarithmic
in soil specimens. The carriage is light-weight and easy to clean. The - At pre-set intervals of recorded data
microprocessor system reads and processes the force, vertical pressure Application of vertical load:
- Pneumatic piston with a high-resolution Recorded data capacity:
and displacement readings, and manages the motor, the pressure valve,
regulator, motor-driven via Automax - 2000 lines of data
the safety system and the test steps through the closed-loop system.
electronic board with closed-loop Blocks of memory:
It has a scratchproof membrane keyboard and a large monochromatic control via a 10 bar pressure transducer
graphic display. - Up to 25
Input channels: Communication protocol:
The machine is supplied complete with the following electronic trans-
- One for a load cell transducer with - Selectable via RS-232 serial port:
ducers: 130,000-point resolution
- 5 kN capacity load cell, bi-directional type (compression and tension), nominal - ASCII for use with Windows Hyper
- Two for potentiometric displacement Terminal or CONTROLS for use with
sensitivity 2 mV/V, accuracy 003% transducers
- 10 mm displacement transducer, 1 kOhm nominal resistance, 82-Q0800/TRM
025% linearity, 0002 mm repeatability 3 calibration modes for transducers:
- 25 mm displacement transducer, 1 kOhm nominal resistance, - 1st step linear
025% linearity, 0002 mm repeatability - 2nd degree polynomial
- 1000 kPa pressure transducer, 01 kPa accuracy, nominal sensitivity 2 mV/V - Up to 10 steps linearization
Note The Shear box assemblies have to be selected and ordered separately
The machine requires a compressed air supply of 10 bar maximum pressure
For a suitable air compressor, laboratory model, see Accessories
58
SOIL MECHANICS | DIRECT/RESIDUAL SHEAR 27
Shearmatic layout
Set up of the consolidation steps
Each row of this table represents a
pressure step which is defined by:
- Initial pressure (set point) that
is equal to the pressure of the
previous step
- Final pressure (target) will be rea-
ched automatically at a constant rate
- Pre-set time to pass from initial to final pressure
For example, rows 3 and 4 of this table mean that:
- The pressure will be increased instantaneously (time = 0) from 100 to 300 kPa
- The pressure of 300 kPa will be maintained for the time of consolidation (in this case
500 minutes)
- Maximum air pressure supply: 10 bar
s
Air compressors
86-D2015
^W
59
27 SOIL MECHANICS | DIRECT/RESIDUAL SHEAR
Since 1941
300
Large Shear testing machine
main features
> Ideal for testing shale, industrial slag, brick rubble, and colliery
spoils
> Sample size 150 and 300 mm square
> 100 kN vertical pressure and horizontal force
> Infinitely variable speed control from 000001 to 1100000 mm/min
> Automatic hydraulic application of pre-set consolidation steps (up to 50)
> Automatic test management from consolidation to failure
> Linear connection between shear box, drive unit and load cell for
transmission of the horizontal force along the shearing plane
> Possibility to set different speeds and travel (forward and reverse) in
the residual shear tests
> Each single step of axial force can be applied instantaneously or by
means of a linear ramp over a pre-set time interval
Standards
ASTM D3080 | AASHTO T236 | BS 1377:7 | NF P094 071-1/2 | By using a large sample it is pos-
CEN-ISO/TS 7982-10 sible to gain a more representa-
tive indication of shear strength.
27-WF2304 Furthermore, the large shear box
SHEARMATIC 300, large automatic shear box apparatus can be used to obtain the angle
100 kN capacity, with shear box assembly for 300 mm square samples 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph of friction between many materi-
27-WF2304/Z als. Particular applications include
As above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph the construction of earth dams
and other embankment work.
The SHEARMATIC 300 automatic machine is ideal for soil and other ma- The machine includes a shear box, one 100 kN load cell and two lin-
terials that contain large particles of up to 20 mm largest dimension. ear potentiometric transducers, 100 and 50 mm travel, with mounting
Sample sizes up to 300 mm square can be tested, with inserts also al- brackets.
lowing the testing of smaller sample sizes
Vertical pressure for consolidating the sample is applied and controlled
by an automatically programmable closed-loop hydraulic system and Technical specifications Accessories
horizontal deformation is driven by a high-resolution stepper motor. - Sample size: up to 300 mm square 27-WF2304/1
The machine is entirely managed by the software of a microprocessor Can be reduced to 150 mm using
27-WF2304/1 150 mm sample insert 150 mm square sample insert for
unit that reads and processes the force, vertical pressure and displace- 300 mm shearbox
See Accessories
ment readings, and manages the motor, the vertical hydraulic loading
system and the test steps, through closed-loop systems. The user inter- - Shear and vertical force: 100 kN Data processing software
face is a ten-key scratchproof membrane keyboard with large mono- - Speed range: infinitely variable from
000001 to 1100000 mm/min 30-WF6016/T2
chromatic graphic display. Direct and residual shear Geo-
- Maximum travel: 75 mm
The machine works as an automatic stand-alone unit: the test meas- - Consolidation steps: up to 50 Analysis templates conforming to BS
urements (horizontal and vertical force and displacement) are directly 1377:7
- Data acquisition: RS-232 serial port
displayed and stored in the units memory according to the pre-set re- for use with Direct and residual Geo-
cording modes. The PC is only required once the test is completed, to Analysis templates (see Accessories) 30-WF6016/T9
download the test data via the RS-232 port. The data can be processed - Power rating: 2000 W Direct shear Geo-Analysis template
using the 30-WF6016/T2 or 30-WF6016/T9 Direct and residual shear - Overall dimensions: 1470 x 758 x conforming to ASTM D3080
Geo-Analysis templates - see Accessories. 1570 mm approx (w x d x h)
- Weight: 800 kg (approx)
60
SOIL MECHANICS | DIRECT/RESIDUAL SHEAR 27
Accessories
Alternative vanes
27-WF1732
Vane 254 x 254 mm
27-WF1733
Technical specifications Accessories
Vane 127 x 254 mm
- 3 loading yokes and hangers Mechanical (analogue) 27-WF1734
- 3 lever-arm loading devices with a load measuring devices Vane 127 x 190 mm
amplification ratio of 10:1 30-WF6401
Sampling tube holding attachment.
- Holds up to 3 shear boxes Dial gauge,10 mm travel, 0002 mm
27-WF1736 27-WF1730/2
- Dimensions: 2310 x 500 x 1215 mm resolution:
(w x d x h) Attachment to hold sample tubes of 38
Electronic measuring devices
27-WF1730/3
- Weight: 120 kg (approx) and 100 mm diameter
Motorizing attachment to convert
30-WF6207 27-WF1730 apparatus, including drive
Linear potentiometric transducer, 10 mm belt, pulley set and fixing studs Testing
travel speed 60 to 90/min, conforming to ASTM
D4648 240 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph
Data acquisition 27-WF1730/3Y
and processing system As above but 220 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
27-WF1736 27-WF1730/4
Note For more information on the
Geodatalog and Geo-Analysis templates, see Motorizing attachments As above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
page 108
27-WF1730/2 Spares
Motorizing attachment to convert 27-
Weight sets/Slotted steel weights WF1730 apparatus, including drive belt, 27-WF1731
See page 55 pulley set and fixing studs Testing speed Spare vane 127 x 127 mm
6 to 12/min, conforming to BS 1377:7 27-WF1735
240 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph
Spare set of four calibrated springs
27-WF1730/2Y
As above but 220 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
61
27 SOIL MECHANICS | DIRECT/RESIDUAL SHEAR
Since 1941
27-WF2202
TORSHEAR, Bromhead ring shear apparatus.
110-240V, 50-60Hz, 1ph
The TORSHEAR machine is dedicated to the determination of the residual shear strength. The
residual shear strength of soils is sometimes also termed the ultimate shear strength. This is the
strength of soil when it is sheared to large displacements, for example along the failure plane
of a landslide or in a fault zone.
A remoulded specimen is used to determine the residual shear properties of the soil. A slip sur-
face is formed in the test specimen as part of the test procedure. It can also be useful to know
what sort of value the residual shear strength of an intact soil can have, because this (when
taken in conjunction with the peak shear strength of the same soil) indicates its brittleness or
susceptibility to progressive failure. Soils with high brittleness need to be used with caution,
in engineering works such as embankments, or if they cannot be removed, for example in a
natural slope. In the unfortunate event of a slope failure occurring, the general scale of dis-
placement will depend on the magnitude of the brittleness.
62
SOIL MECHANICS | DIRECT/RESIDUAL SHEAR 27
Torsion beam
Torque reaction
Torque reaction
Measurement
Resistance
L
30-WF6016/T3
Ring shear Geo-Analysis template
conforming to BS 1377:7
63
Soil Mechanics
28 Triaxial testing
29 Automatic triaxial testing
30 Data acquisition system
26 Consolidation 44
27 Direct/residual shear 56
The triaxial tests are performed to determine the stress-strain relation of a soil specimen subjected
to different strain levels and drainage conditions. We propose various models of triaxial load frames, triaxial
cells and all related accessories. Section 29 concerns the AUTOTRIAX 2, Automatic triaxial system, the
advanced apparatus to control up to six independent systems and the section 30 concerns the Data acquisi-
tion systems for geotechnical tests.
28 Triaxial testing
Introduction 66
29 Introduction
AUTOTRIAX 2
96
Types of triaxial test: test description 68 Data acquisition and control unit 98
Triaxial load frame 70 Pressure and volume controller 100
Banded triaxial cell and accessories 75 Air pressure controller and water volume
Standard triaxial cell and accessories 78 change for unsaturated testing 101
Double-Wall triaxial cell for unsaturated 80 Triaxial test automatic control
Pressure system 82 and processing software 102
De-Airing water system 84 Typical configurations 106
Analogue measurement for triaxial system 86
Electronic measurement for traixial system 88
Bender elements 90 30 GEODATALOG
Data acquisition system
8, Data acquisition system 108
Local strain transducers 92
Calibration equipment 110
Specimen consolidation 93
Determination of permeability of normal
and contaminated soil sample 94
Since 1941
65
28 SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING
Since 1941
Introduction
Investigation of stress-strain relationships in soil is usually carried This section contains descriptions of different testing solutions and
out with triaxial tests where undisturbed, remoulded or compact- details of the equipment required to carry out the various types of
ed specimens are subjected to different stress level sand drainage triaxial test in manual, semi-automatic or automatic mode.
conditions to simulate as closely as possible the different situa- A summary table is presented below in order to help the user to
tions that can occur in the subsoil on site and the possible effects select the right equipment, from basic manual systems up to fully
of construction, excavations, embankments, landslides, etc. automatic advanced solutions.
Manual with electronic As above plus: ASTM 2850 / 4767 / D7181 / D5084 Triaxial load frame
measurement system Unsaturated Electronic measuring system:
- Displacement transducer
BS 1377:6 / 7 / 8 - External / submersible load cell
- Pore pressure transducer
CEN-ISO/TSI 17892-8 / 9 / 11 - Volume change device
Triaxial cell with accessories (standard, banded
or double-wall unsaturated cell)
NF P94 070 /P94 074 Pressure system
De-airing system
Data acquisition system
Geo-Analysis processing templates
Automatic (PC- controlled) As above plus: ASTM 2850 / 4767 / D7181 / D5084 Triaxial load frame
with digital measurement Stress path Digital measuring system:
system AUTOTRIAX-2 - Displacement transducer
BS 1377:6 / 7 / 8 - External / submersible load cell
- Pore pressure transducer
CEN-ISO/TSI 17892-8 / 9 / 11 Triaxial cell with accessories (standard, banded
or double-wallunsaturated cell)
Pressure/volume controller
NF P94 070 /P94 074 De-airing system
Data acquisition and control units
Triaxial test automatic control
and processing software
66
SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING 28
De-Aired Water
Load Ring Compressed Air
Transducer
Dial Gauge connections
Pore Pressure
Double Panel Measurement
78/80
82
84 Double Burette Pressure
109 Transducer
Load Frame
Bladder
70 De-Aired Water
Compressed Air
88 00 kPa
De-Aired Water
Volume change External
load cell Compressed Air
Transducer
connections
Displacement LAN
Double Panel
transducer
78/80/84 BY PASS
82 Pressure
Transducer
84
108
109
GEODATALOG 8
Load Frame
Bladder
70 De-Aired Water
88
De-Aired Water
Displacement Compressed Air
transducer Transducer
connections
LAN
Submersible
load cell
78/80/84
100
84 Pressure
Transducer
98
102 Data acquisition
and control unit
AUTOTRIAX2
Pressure/volume controller Pressure/volume controller
Load Frame
HUB
67
28 SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING
Since 1941
SOIL
Drainage
This test can only be accurately and reliably performed with an Passive wall
-q
68
SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING 28
Pore pressure
Lower drainage (transducer)
SAMPLE
both air and water, and surface tension forces create a negative pore
water pressure (or suction) which pulls the soil particles together and
External cell
increases the strength of the soil. Saturating the soil (replacing the air
in the voids with water) results in a positive pore water pressure which
pushes the soil particles apart and reduces the overall strength. Because
of this, it is not desirable to saturate unsaturated or partially saturated
material, but neither can it be tested using conventional triaxial systems High Air Entry
Stone
because the negative suction causes problems with the equipment.
The solution to this problem is to use what is known as the axis transla-
tion method, which involves applying an air pressure via the top cap (in Air Pressure
the same way as a water back pressure in a saturated test). This raises
the pressure inside the sample to a positive value which, in turn, applies
a positive pressure to the porous stone and to the pore water pressure
transducer.
A special triaxial cell is used for the test, with a double wall which allows
the total change in sample volume to be measured, and a high air entry
stone in the base pedestal that allows water to pass but not air.
Using the axis translation method with the double-wall cell allows effec-
Volume change Volume change
tive stress testing to be carried out on unsaturated material.
measurement measurement
69
28 SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING
Since 1941
Standards
BS 598 | BS 1377: 4 | BS 1377:7 | BS 1377:8 | ASTM D1559 | ASTM D1883 | ASTM 28-WF4005 and 28-WF4010, en through the RS 232 serial port,
D2166 | ASTM D2850 | ASTM D4767 | ASTM D5581 | ASTM D6927 | ASTM D7181| NF 50 and 100 kN cap. in order to operate under load or
P94 070 | NF P94 074 | NF P94-078 | NF P98-251 | CEN- ISO/TS 17892-9 | CEN- ISO/ The models 28-WF4005 - 50 kN displacement closed loop control.
TS 17892-8 | EN 12697-34 | EN 13286-47 capacity and 28-WF4010 - 100 These two models can also be
kN capacity can be used either equipped with a pneumatic ac-
as parts of a computer-controlled tuator to perform both static and
WYKEHAM FARRANCEs electro-mechanical TRITECH machines are the
automatic testing system or as dynamic testing.
original high-performance load frames for triaxial tests. Introduced by the high-performance units under
company over 50 years ago, they have undergone continuous develop- manual control with an external
ment and are the ideal solution for advanced and research laboratories data acquisition. In manual mode
that want to perform high quality tests at high levels of productivity. the user-friendly keyboard on the
Based on heavy duty triaxial load frames, with advanced electronics and front panel allows to manage all
the frames functions, including
high quality components, these frames are the top of the range currently
rapid approach facility that reduc-
available for triaxial testing on soils. The load frames are built around a es test set-up time. For efficient
robust twin chromed-column structure, ensuring extremely high rigidity. use the last settings are stored
The loading platen is made from stainless steel. and automatically recalled after
Four models are available depending on the max capacity and if equipped switch on and micro switches
or not with a built-in data acquisition. prevent over-travel problems.
In the Automatic PC-controlled
triaxial systems the frame is driv-
70
SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING 28
additional features
28-WF4005/4C and 28-WF4010/4C
(models with 4 built-in channels data acquisition)
28-WF4005/4C 28-WF4010/4C
71
28 SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING
Since 1941
28-WF4010/4C
TRITECH100 4 channels, Triaxial load
frame 100 kN with 4 built-in
Detail of the adjustable 57 touchscreen color graphic display data acquisition channels, 220-110 V /
50-60 Hz / 1 ph
72
SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING 28
additional features
28-WF4001/4C
(model with 4 built-in channels data acquisition)
Two versions are available: both panel allows to manage all 28-WF4001/4C tions and data acquisition.
50 kN capacity, with or without the frames functions, includ- The model 28-WF4001/4C The panel and display are pro-
built-in data acquisition: ing rapid approach facility that is fitted with 4 built-in chan- tected from water and dust by
28-WF4001 reduces test set-up time. For nels and data acquisition, to a waterproof membrane
The model 28-WF4001 re- efficient use the last settings be used either in stand-alone The touch screen display is
quires an external data ac- are stored and automatically mode or connected to a PC. identical to that one fitted to
quisition unit or can be fitted recalled after switch on and This load frame is equipped the 28-WF4005/4C model.
with analogical measurement micro switches prevent over- with a wide user friendly touch
system. travel problems screen display, side mounted
In manual mode, the user- and very ergonomic allowing
friendly keyboard on the front local control of the main func-
73
28 SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING
Since 1941
Ordering information
28-WF4001
TRIAX, Triaxial load frame 50 kN, 220-110
V / 50-60 Hz / 1 ph
28-WF4001/4C
TRIAX 4 channels, Triaxial load frame 50
kN, 220-110 V / 50-60 Hz / 1 ph
Accessories
A complete range of parts and accessories
is available from WYKEHAM FARRANCE to
configure these machines for any typical
triaxial soil testing application
74
SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING 28
ASTM D2850 | ASTM D4767 | ASTM 7181 | BS 1377:8 | BS 1377:9 | CEN-ISO/TS 17892-8-9 | NF P94 070 | NF P94 074
The cell essentially consists of a transparent chamber which is banded to prevent excessive expansion during - Maximum working pressure of 2000 kPa
the test. or 3500 kPa (28-WF4070 model only)
- Separate cell chamber clamping
The design of the cell ensures vertical alignment of the loading ram by clamping the Perspex wall separately prevents over stressing chamber and
from the cell top. ensures correct alignment
The cell has to be completed with a pedestal, top cap (standard or vacuum) and other accessories conforming - Light alloy construction with stainless
to the specimen size. The cells can be fitted not only with accessories of the nominal size, but also with those of steel ram and O-ring seal
smaller sizes (e.g. the 28-WF4070 70 mm cell can be adapted to test specimens with diameters of 38 and 50 mm). - Built-in ram clamp
- Includes rod and rest for strain dial
28-WF4070 to 28-WF4150 cells can be fitted with an upgrading kit so that tests can be performed using local gauge or displacement transducer
strain transducers and bender elements. - Five on/off no-volume-change valves
See Upgrading options. fitted as standard
- For samples with diameters of 38, 50,
70, 100 and 150 mm
- Chamber height is suitable for submersi-
Specifications ble load cells
- Rapid assembly design
Product code 28- WF4050 WF4070 WF4100 WF4150
- Designed to accommodate a specimen
Nominal sample diameter, mm 50 70 100 150 with a height twice its diameter
Sample diameter range, mm 38 to 50 38 to 70 38 to100 38 to150 - Models 28-WF4070, 28-WF4100 and
Maximum working pressure, kPa 2000 3500 2000 2000 28-WF4150 can be used to perform
stress path and dynamic testing, using a
Maximum cell height, mm 410 550 600 710 vacuum attachment with the appropria-
Cell diameter, mm (inc. valves) 350 400 440 520 te pedestal and top cap
Weight, kg (approx.) 7 18 21 40 - Models 28-WF4070, 28-WF4100 and
28-WF4150 can be upgraded with an
No. of inlet points 5 (for top drainage/back pressure, cell pressure and base drainage/pore pressure) advanced kit to make them compatible
Attachment for vacuum top cap for _ with local strain transducers and bender
extension tests elements
Dynamic testing _
28-WF4070
Banded triaxial cell for samples up to 70
mm diameter
28-WF4100
Banded triaxial cell for samples up to 100
mm diameter
28-WF4150
Banded triaxial cell for samples up to 150
mm diameter
75
28 SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING
Since 1941
Accessories
Triaxial cell pedestals
Each cell has to be fitted with a pedestal corresponding to the size of the specimens to
be tested Using specific adaptive pedestals it is possible to test specimens with different
diameters in the same triaxial cell - see the table below
Pedestals 28-WF4071/7, 28-WF4051/7 and 28-WF4031/7 Triaxial cell and sample preparation accessories
76
SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING 28
Upgrading options
Upgrading kits are available that allow
local strain transducers and bender
elements to be used inside the banded
cells An access ring is provided that fits
between the cell base and the cell body
with holes for the cables to go through
Watertight plugs are included to seal the
unused holes
28-WF4070/ADV
Advanced upgrading kit for triaxial cell
WF4070 allowing use of local strain
transducers and bender elements
28-WF4100/ADV
As above but for triaxial cell WF4100
Banded triaxial cells fitted with upgrading kits for using local strain transducers and bender elements
28-WF4150/ADV
As above but for triaxial cell WF4150
Triaxial sample
O-rings
Top cap
Porous disc
Sample
Lateral lter
drainage
Chamber
Membrane
Porous disc
Pedestal
77
28 SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING
Since 1941
Sample diameter
35 to 50 35 to 70 70 to100
range, mm 1
Maximum working 3
1700 1700 1700
pressure, kPa 2
9
Maximum cell height,
450 500 560
mm
Cell diameter, mm (inc.
270 310 340 7
valves)
5
Weight, kg (approx.) 5 8 15
4* (for top drainage/back pressure, cell pressure and base
No. of inlet points 4
drainage/pore pressure)
11
Effective stress/Total
stress testing
* Two valves are already included, the other two must be ordered separately Legend
1. Pedestal Used to adapt the triaxial cell base for different sample sizes Supplied complete with a solid disc
for tests without drainage
2. Top cap Used to spread the load evenly over the whole cross-sectional area of the sample when drainage
to the top of the sample is required Includes a nylon tube and connector for the drainage line
3. Porous disc Acts as a filter ensuring that the passage of water into and out of the sample is evenly spread
over the whole cross-sectional area Two are required - one for the top of the sample and one for the base
Ordering information
4. Rubber membrane Provides a protective waterproof barrier around the sample Made of rubber latex
28-WF0410/A and supplied in packs of 10
5. O-rings Used to seal the membrane against the pedestal and the top cap at either end of the sample
Standard triaxial cell for 35, 38 and 50 mm Supplied in packs of 10
diameter samples 6. Membrane stretcher Used to the membrane open so it can be easily placed over the specimen without
any disturbance
28-WF0411/A 7. Filter paper drains Used as side drains when specimens have low permeability They are particularly
Standard triaxial cell for 35, 38, 50 and 70 useful when saturating clays before consolidation and shearing Pack of 50
8. Split sand former A specially designed piece of equipment for use when preparing non-cohesive soils
mm diameter samples which otherwise could not be mounted in a triaxial cell
28-WF0416/A 9. Drainage burette 10 ml capacity burette used to prepare non-cohesive specimens by applying a
negative pressure to the base of the specimen and for measuring drainage into and out of the specimen
Standard triaxial cell for 70 and 100 mm when testing with the specimen open to the atmosphere Supplied with connections for triaxial cell
diameter samples 10. O-ring placing tool Used for applying the O-rings with the minimum disturbance to the sample
11. No-volume-change valve Identical to the two valves supplied with the triaxial cells and used for
opening and closing the base drainage line whenmeasuring pore pressure or fitting the drainage burette
12. Split mould Used for trimming the ends of undisturbed soil specimens
1 Base adapter
2 Porous top cap
3 Porous disc
4 Rubber membrane
5 Sealing rings
6 No-volume change valve
78
SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING 28
35 28-WF0410/A1 28-WF0411/A1 -
38 28-WF0410/A2 28-WF0411/A2 -
50 28-WF0410/A3 28-WF0411/A3 -
70 - 28-WF0411/A4 28-WF0416/A1
Hand sampler comprising cutter, wooden dolly and receiver
100 - - 28-WF0416/A2
79
28 SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING
Since 1941
Beside is shown the double-wall triaxial cell, with inner wall made from
glass, complete with access ring for transducer cables. The cell has to be
completed with a base pedestal with High-Air Entry Stone.
80
SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING 28
Base pedestal 28-WF4150/5 28-WF4170/5 28-WF4171/5 28-WF4410 Automatic volume change apparatus 2
30-WF6008 Geodatalog 8-channels datalogger 1
82-P9008/ELT Set of four cables 2
30-WF6042 Transducer extension cables 6
Components of pedestal set
for unsaturated cell 1
1 Pedestal set for unsaturated test
2 High air Entry stone ( HEAS) sealed on aluminium ring 4
3 Aluminium compensation ring
4 Aluminium plate for saturated soil test
5 Porous stone for saturated soil test
3
5
2
81
28 SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING
Since 1941
Pressure systems
We produce three different systems for providing water at controlled Ordering information Accessories and spares
pressures to triaxial systems: 28-WF4302 28-WF4334
Oil/Water pressure apparatus, Oil and water constant pressure apparatus Three-line water distribution panel for
for pressures up to 1700 kPa 230 V, 50 - 60 triaxial systems
suitable for pressures up to 1700 kPa and 3500 kPa Hz, 1 ph Dimensions: 520 x 400 x 100 mm
Air/Water pressure system, 28-WF4304 Weight: 35 kg (approx)
As above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph 28-WF4302/1
consisting essentially of a distribution panel with air/water bladder
cylinders and an air compressor, suitable for pressures up to 1000 kPa 28-WF4312 High viscosity oil, 5 kg
Oil and water constant pressure apparatus 28-WF4191
Hydromatic for pressures up to 3500 kPa 230 V, 50 - 60
Nylon tubing ID 6 mm x OD 8 mm, 10 m
stand-alone pressure/volume controller Hz, 1 ph
length
28-WF4314
Each system has to be completed with the De-airing water system See page 84
As above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
82
SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING 28
Air/Water pressure system The cell, made of a transparent Ordering information Accessories and spares
This system basically comprises acrylic tube flanged between
28-WF4330 28-WF4330/2
a distribution panel, air/water two light alloy disc swith a rub-
Two-line pressure distribution panel, Digital pressure gauge, 1 kPa resolution
bladder cylinders (one per re- ber membrane fitted inside, can
complete with air regulators and pressure 28-WF4330/2C
quired pressure line) and an air operate continuously at pressures outlets
up to 1000 kPa. The unit acts as As above but, with traceable calibration
compressor. 28-WF4331 certificate
a reservoir/interface between the
compressed air (used as a pres- Three-line pressure distribution panel, 28-WF4330/3
Pressure distribution panels sure source) and the water (used complete with air regulators and pressure Spare air pressure regulator, 150 psi (1000
Two models are available: 28- as the pressurizing medium in the outlets kPa), with fittings for OD 8 mm tubing
WF4330 for two pressure lines triaxial cell). The cylinders have 28-WF4320 28-WF4191
and 28-WF4331 for three pressure to be used with a 28-WF4330 or Air/water pressure bladder cylinder Nylon tubing, ID 6 mm x OD 8 mm, 10 m
lines. They include precision air 28-WF4331 two or three line dis- 86-D2015 length
regulators, pressure outlets and tribution panel depending on the
quick release fittings.
Laboratory air compressor, 10 bar 28-WF0490
application. maximum pressure, 50 L capacity230 V, Nylon tubing, ID 4 mm x OD 6 mm, 20 m
They have to be fitted with a digi- Dimensions: 178 mm diameter x 410 mm 50 Hz, 1 ph length
tal gauge (see Accessories, model height 86-D2015/Y
28-WF4330/2). Weight: 58 kg (approx) As above but 220 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph 28-WF4320/1
Dimensions/weight: 86-D2015/Z Spare rubber membrane for 28-WF4320
28-WF4330: 510 x 454 x 184 mm /10 kg Air compressor As above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph air/water bladder cylinder
(approx) The air compressor requires air fil- 28-WF2016 /2
28-WF4331: 690 x 454 x 184 mm /15 kg ter/water trap and has the follow-
Water trap for air compressor
(approx) ing specifications:
- Max. pressure: 1000 kPa
Air/water bladder cylinder
- Continuous working pressure:
The air/water bladder cylinders 800 kPa
are used to deliver pressurized
- Reservoir capacity: 50 liters
water up to 1000 kPa to triaxial
cells via the pressure distribution - Max air delivery: 234 L/min
panels. The main advantages of - Power rating: 1500 W
using this apparatus are: Dimensions: 985 x 395 x 820 mm (w x dxh)
- High degree of accuracy Weight: 62 kg (approx)
- Extremely simple to operate
- Future expansion of system
very easy and relatively low
cost
- Bladder enables the use of de-
aired water 28-WF4330 with digital pressure gauge 28-WF4330/2
- Large reservoir to cope with
long term tests and large
samples
83
28 SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING
Since 1941
28-WF4220/A
84
SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING 28
Specifications
86-D2001 Vacuum pump 86-D2005 Air drying unit
- Free air displacement: 75 L/min - Plastic frame with acrylic cylinder
- Ultimate vacuum: 01 mbar - Dessicant capacity: 500 g (approx)
- Power: 180 W - Overall dimensions: 185 mm diameter
- Dimensions: 300 x 150 x 240 mm x 300 mm
(approx) - Weight: 1 kg (empty, approx)
- Weight: 85 kg (approx) 28-WF4225
86-D2001/3 Outlet mist filter (optional)
- Weight: 07 kg (approx)
Ordering information
28-WF4220/A
De-airing tank, 7 litre capacity
28-WF4221/A
De-airing tank, 23 litre capacity
86-D2001
Vacuum pump 230 V, 50 - 60 Hz, 1 ph
86-D2064
Rubber tube for vacuum pump
86-D2005
Air drying unit
86-D2001 Vacuum pump with 86-D2005 Air drying unit filled with 86-D0819 Silica gel desiccant
86-D0819
Silica gel desiccant, 1 kg
28-WF4225
Valve panel
85
28 SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING
Since 1941
Ordering information
Specifications
- High resolution dial gauge, 001 mm 28-WF4400
- Accuracy: 1% Double burette volume change apparatus
- Dimensions: 182 mm diameter x 214
Accessories
mm height
- Weight: 12 to 22 kg (approx) 28-WF4400/1
Red dye hydrocarbon soluble pack for 500 ml
Ordering information
29-WF6402
Dial gauge, 30 mm travel, 001 mm
subdivisions
29-WF6403
Dial gauge, 50 mm travel, 001 mm
subdivisions
28-WF6402
86
SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING 28
87
28 SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING
Since 1941
Technical specifications
28-WF6352 50 28-WF4050 155
- Nominal sensitivity: 2mV/V 28-WF6354 100
- Accuracy: better than 02% 28-WF6351 10
- Dimensions (cell only)
Technical specifications 28-WF6353 50 28-WF4070, 28-WF4100,
3.5, 10, 25, 50 kN models 28-WF4150 250
57 mm diameter x 80 mm height - Overload capacity: 200%
28-WF6355 100 28-WF4170, 28-WF4171
100 kN model 82 mm diameter x 110 - Rate output: 2mV/V
mm height - Excitation voltage: 10 V DC 28-WF6356 250
- Weight (approx): - Non linearity: 005% full scale
3.5, 10, 25, 50 kN models 2 kg approx - Hysteresis: 005% full scale
100 kN models: 5 kg approx - Deflection at full load: 005 mm
Ordering information 28-WF6354
- Connecting thread: - Maximum side force without effect: 28-WF6350 Submersible load cell, 10 kN capacity,
3.5, 10, 25, 50 kN models female M20 x 15 50% full scale complete with 155 mm diameter ram and
Submersible load cell, 1 kN capacity,
100 kN model female M30 x 2 - Compensated temperature range: extension kit for small samples
complete with 155 mm diameter ram and
0 to 50C extension kit for small samples 28-WF6355
Ordering information - Diameter: 75 mm As above but with 25 mm diameter ram
28-WF6351
28-WF0370/T - Height (excluding ram): 50 mm As above but with 25 mm diameter ram 28-WF6356
External load cell, 35 kN capacity - Weight 28-WF6352 Submersible load cell, 25 kN capacity,
(excluding ram and extension kit): 850 g complete with 25 mm diameter ram and
28-WF0373/T Submersible load cell, 5 kN capacity,
extension kit for small samples
External load cell, 10 kN capacity complete with 155 mm diameter ram and
extension kit for small samples Note: in case the submersible is supplied
28-WF0374/T complete with data acquisition system,
28-WF6353
External load cell, 25 kN capacity As above but with 25 mm diameter ram
then a traceable calibration certificate is
available on request For ordering, add the
28-WF0375/T suffix C to the relevant product code(eg
External load cell, 50 kN capacity 28-WF6350/C)
28-WF0376/T
External load cell, 100 kN capacity
88
SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING 28
Ordering information
30-WF6207
Linear potentiometric transducer, 10 mm
travel
30-WF6208
Linear potentiometric transducer, 25 mm 28-WF4410
travel
30-WF6209
30-WF6221
Linear potentiometric transducer, 50 mm Pressure transducers
travel See pag 87
30-WF6210 Note: in case pressure transducer is supplied
Linear potentiometric transducer, 100 mm complete with data acquisition system,
travel then a traceable calibration certificate is
available on request For ordering, add the
suffix C to the relevant product code (eg
Note: in case the displacement transducer is
28-WF6300/C)
supplied complete with data acquisition system,
then a traceable calibration certificate is available
on request For ordering, add the suffix Cto the
relevant product code (eg 30-WF6208/C)
30-WF1048/T
89
28 SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING
Since 1941
Gmax = Vs2 .
Where Vs = Velocity and = density
90
SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING 28
Accessories
28-WF4190
Power and measuring system110-230 V,
50-60 Hz, 1 ph
The bender elements have to be powered
by a wave form signal generator The
output signal is converted into digital and
transmitted to a PC via an interface and
processed with the virtual oscilloscope
software The complete system includes Frequency set at 3 kHz
waveform generator, analogic-PC interface
with virtual oscilloscope software and
connecting cables PC not included
28-WF4190
Banded triaxial cell 28-WF4070 fitted with
upgrading kit 28-WF4070/ADV for using
bender element and local strain transducers
91
28 SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING
Since 1941
> Suitable for static and dynamic data acquisition by triaxial systems
Magnetic Field (B)
Ordering information
Models for static testing Models for dynamic testing (in the
Dynamic triaxial system)
28-WF4039/KM
Local strain transducer kit for 38 mm 28-WF4039/KN
diameter samples with two vertical and Local strain transducer kit for 38 mm
one radial miniature on-specimen diameter samples with two vertical and
transducers, radial belt, axial fixing pads one radial miniature on-specimen
and plugs transducers, radial belt, axial fixing pads
and plugs
28-WF4059/KM
As above but for 50 mm diameter samples 28-WF4059/KN
Local strain transducers
As above but for 50 mm diameter samples
In conventional triaxial testing the stiffness of a soil specimen is deter- 28-WF4079/KM
As above but for 70 mm diameter samples 28-WF4079/KN
mined by external measurement of displacement. Such measurements
As above but for 70 mm diameter samples
are subject to errors caused by deflections of the loading system and 28-WF4109/KM
bedding of the porous stone onto the ends of the specimen. As above but for 100 mm diameter 28-WF4109/KN
Local vertical and radial strain transducers avoid these problems by pro- samples As above but for 100 mm diameter
viding the opportunity to measure the deformation, with high accuracy, samples
28-WF4159/KM
directly on the triaxial test specimen. As above but for 150 mm diameter 28-WF4159/KN
Local strain transducers are supplied in a kit which includes one radial samples As above but for 150 mm diameter
and two vertical transducers suitable for 38, 50, 70, 100 and 150 mm samples
specimen diameters. Mounting accessories such as radial belt, mount-
Note: all the transducers mentioned above
ing brackets and jig are also included. can be supplied, on request, with a traceable
All the models are supplied with dedicated in-line interface suitable for calibration certificate For ordering, add the
static or dynamic test, see the ordering information. suffix C to the relevant product code (eg
28-WF4039/KMC)
For more detailed information concerning the operating principle visit our web site Calibration device for On-sample transdu-
cers (see page 111)
92
SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING 28
Specimen consolidation
main features Accessories
Slotted weights Dial gauges and displacement
> Allows simultaneous anisotropic consolidation of three triaxial transducers for measuring axial
specimens 28-WF0493/1 displacement
> Reduces the testing time when only one triaxial compression machine Set of weights for specimens from 35 to 70 These devices should be selected according
is available mm diameter to the specimen size and type of measu-
Each set, suitable for a single frame with rement system: either analogue with dial
> Fits triaxial cells for specimens up to 100 mm diameter a Beam loading device 28-WF0493/3, gauges or electronic with displacement
> Ergonomic design for better use of space in the laboratory comprises: transducers connected to suitable data
4 x 250 g Slotted steel weights acquisition equipment
> Suitable for other makes of triaxial cell (with little adjustment) 4 x 500 g Slotted steel weights
4 x 1 kg Slotted steel weights 30-WF6402
4 x 2 kg Slotted steel weights
4 x 4 kg Slotted steel weights Dial gauge, 30x001 mm
30-WF6403
28-WF0493/2 Dial gauge, 50x001 mm
Additional set of weights for specimens up 30-WF6208
to 100 mm diameter Vertical displacement transducer, 25 mm
Each set, suitable for a single frame with a travel
Beam loading device 28-WF0493/3, can
be used in addition to the 28-WF0493/1 30-WF6209
weight set for anisotropic consolidation of Vertical displacement transducer, 50 mm
large specimens The set consists of four 8 travel
kg slotted steel weights 30-WF1048/T
Beam loading device
Mounting bracket for dial gauges and
displacement transducers
28-WF0493/3
Beam loading device, 10:1 ratio Locking device
Used to amplify the vertical load to be ap- 28-WF0410/A4
plied to the specimen The lever is supplied
Piston locking device to hold the piston
with a screw jack support with handle
and top cap in place on the specimen
Three units must be ordered for one
Only for triaxial cells 28-WF0410/A,
28-WF0493
28-WF0493 with triaxial cells, dial gauges, 28-WF0411/A and 28-WF0416/A - the
beam loading devices and weights device is not necessary with the other
triaxal cells
Standards
28-WF0493
Three-place consolidation bench for triaxial cells.
This apparatus has been designed to reduce the testing time for triaxial
tests when only one compression machine is available. With this equip-
ment it is possible to perform the consolidation stage of three triaxial
specimens at the same time for CU and CD tests under anisotropic con-
ditions. The apparatus consists of a steel bench complete with three
load frames and centering platens, which fit any of our triaxial cells for
specimens from 35 to 100 mm diameter. Each consolidation frame
can be equipped with a beam loading device to reduce the number of
dead weights required for anisotropic consolidation (see Accessories).
Weights can be placed on both the centre hanger and on the lever Detail of the 28-WF0493/3 beam loading device and slotted
hanger. steel weights
The apparatus has to be completed with vertical displacement gauges
or transducers (which connect to data acquisition and processing sys-
tems for soil mechanics), and slotted weights and pressure system for 28-WF0493 Detail of the upper frame with the top screw for
cell and back pressure. levelling and adjusting the position of the cross head to fit
different triaxial cells
Overall dimensions: 1300 x 800 x 970 mm (w x d x h)
Weight: 145 kg (approx)
93
28 SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING
Since 1941
94
SOIL MECHANICS | TRIAXIAL TESTING 28
Accessories
Top caps, base pedestals and sample accessories
Contaminated
Drainage
Contaminated
95
29 SOIL MECHANICS | AUTOTRIAX 2
Since 1941
Standards
The AUTOTRIAX 2 is an advanced triaxial testing system that can auto- AUTOTRIAX 2 can perform different kinds of triaxial tests such as:
matically perform up to 6 entire and independent tests at the same time, - Total and effective stress tests:
from start to finish, without any human intervention. UU (unconsolidated undrained) BS and ASTM standards
CU (consolidated undrained) BS and ASTM standards
CD (consolidated drained) BS and ASTM standards
- Stress path tests following MIT and Cambridge methods;
- K0 anisotropic volume controlled tests;
- Permeability tests in triaxial cells according to BS and ASTM standards
- Unsaturated soil testing with control of matric suction using the axis
translation method.
96
AUTOMATIC TRIAXIAL SYSTEM | AUTOTRIAX 2 29
8
3
1 2
97
29 AUTOMATIC TRIAXIAL SYSTEM | AUTOTRIAX 2
Since 1941
These are the brains of the AUTOTRIAX 2 system, transmitting data and information between the software and
all the active components such as the pressure controllers and Tritech triaxial load frame. The units are produced
in four different versions to offer maximum flexibility. They can be stacked vertically, making them very space-
efficient, and power connectors of multiple units can be daisy-chained together, allowing them all to be run from
a single mains socket. Transducer calibrations are saved directly in the firmware of the units.
98
AUTOMATIC TRIAXIAL SYSTEM | AUTOTRIAX 2 29
Master unit 29-WFD1A2 rear panel 29-WFD1A2 + 29-WFD0A1 stacked vertically reducing the footprint on the work bench
99
29 AUTOMATIC TRIAXIAL SYSTEM | AUTOTRIAX 2
Since 1941
29-WF4502/B
Hydromatic 2 pressure/volume controller
Hydromatic 2 is used to generate water pressure in and around the test Specifications Accessories
specimen. It is driven by a stepper motor, which enables the unit to meas- - Output pressure: 3500 kPa 29-WF4334
ure volume change. The unit consists of a hydraulic piston, driven by a - Volume capacity: 250 cc
Water distribution panel for automatic
ball-screw and gearbox, mounted on a ball-slide, and is managed under - Pressure resolution: 01 kPa triaxial testing
- Volume resolution: 0001 cc
closed-loop control by the Data acquisition and control unit. A 3500 kPa 29-WF4191
- Pressure accuracy: 01% of full scale
capacity pressure transducer and its de airing block are included. The sta- - Closed-loop control of pressure: regula- Nylon tubing 6 mm bore x 8 mm outside
tus of the unit is monitored by the AUTOTRIAX 2 software and safety mi- ted to 01 kPa diameter, 10 m length
croswitches are installed to prevent over-travel beyond mechanical limits - Closed-loop control of volume: regulated 29-WF6302/A
or capacity. to 0001 cc Pressure transducer 3500 kPa capacity for
- Dimensions: W 740 x D 140 x H 160 mm pore water pressure
Each Hydromatic 2, also includes a solenoid valve which is installed on the
- Weight: 5 kg 29-WF6310
triaxial cell base to open and close the pressure lines. They are powered
- Power supply: 110-240 V 50/60 Hz, 1 ph De- airing block for connecting a pressure
and controlled by the Data acquisition and control units. - Solenoid valve speed: <10 mm/s transducer to a banded triaxial cell
For a standard effective stress system, two Hydromatic 2 units are required
one for cell pressure and one for back pressure.
100
AUTOMATIC TRIAXIAL SYSTEM | AUTOTRIAX 2 29
Air pressure controller and water volume change for unsaturated testing
29-WF4511 29-WF4412
Servoflow air pressure Automatic Volume Change
controller apparatus
(for unsaturated testing module only) measuring the volume change of an
unsaturated soil sample in the double wall
triaxial cell
(for unsaturated test module only)
External cell
Back Pressure
Cell Pressure
Volume change Pore Pressure
measurement
AUTOTRIAX 2 Schematic layout for unsaturated test using axis translation method
101
29 AUTOMATIC TRIAXIAL SYSTEM | AUTOTRIAX 2
Since 1941
102
AUTOMATIC TRIAXIAL SYSTEM | AUTOTRIAX 2 29
Test software EFFECTIVE and TOTAL STRESS CU/CD test monotonic shear
Test software comprehends different This software module, supplied as (ASTM D4767, ASTM D7181, BS
standard, includes manual or automatic 1377:Part 8)
modules
All the test modules include the following control of saturation, consolidation and Automatic or manual shear stage (drained
basic features: shear stage, according to ASTM and BS / undrained) using calculated or user-
- Input of project, sample and test details Standards: defined rate of strain and failure criteria in
and parameters compression or extension (2)
Saturation Data monitoring and processing consists of:
- Set up of test sequences, including (ASTM D4767, ASTM D7181, - Multiple plot options including: deviator
selection of automatic or manual control BS 1377:Part 8) stress, volume change, pore pressure vs
- Real-time data for all transducers are Under manual control, three different axial strain; MIT or Cambridge stress path
displayed throughout the test, as well options for running the stage are available:
as all calculated stresses, strains, ratios, - Increments of cell pressure only UU test monotonic shear
volume change etc Updated specimen - Increments of cell and back pressure (ASTM D2850, BS 1377:Part 7)
dimensions are displayed at the end of Automatic or manual undrained shear
- Simultaneous ramps of cell and back
each stage stage in compression, with rate of strain
pressure
- Graphical test data can be displayed on and cell pressure input
Alternatively, automatic control can be se-
four separate user-definable graphs,
lected to run the complete stage according
each with up to six data series
to BS1377:8 Clause 53, BS1377:8 Clause
- Manual control panel to control the 54 or ASTM 4767/7181
solenoid valves, Hydromatic 2 and Tritech Data monitoring and processing consists of:
units before starting the test - Multiple plot options including: cell
- Transducer readings and zero-set options pressure vs pore pressure / B values; cell,
displayed in large font on a separate back and pore pressure vs time; volume
panel, enabling the user to easily view change vs time
the readings from a distance - Summary table and plot of all the
- Review option to look at data and graphs saturation steps performed
for tests already completed during a
live test Consolidation
- Data processing and reporting (ASTM D4767, ASTM D7181, BS
conforming to the relevant standards by 1377:Part 8)
quickly and easily importing test data Automatic or manual isotropic consolida-
into the Microsoft Excel AUTOTRIAX 2 tion with cell and back pressure targets set
triaxial template by the user
- Test pause option (automatic or by Data monitoring and processing consists of:
the user) for conditioning/refilling - Multiple plot options including: volume
the Hydromatic 2 pressure/volume change and pore pressure dissipation
controllers vs time
- Simultaneous and independent control - Graphical fitting methods, according
of axial stress (displacement or load to the relevant standards, for the
controlled), cell pressure, back pressure, evaluation of the end of consolidation
base pressure (in the Permeability - Data processing of T50/T100 to
Module) and air pressure (in the Unsatu- calculate speed for monotonic as for
rated Soils Module) BS / ASTM
- Alarm display when travel or capacity
limits of the system components are
reached
- Set up of additional limits to stop or to
hold the stress/strain conditions during
the test
103
29 AUTOMATIC TRIAXIAL SYSTEM | AUTOTRIAX 2
Since 1941
104
AUTOMATIC TRIAXIAL SYSTEM | AUTOTRIAX 2 29
105
29 AUTOMATIC TRIAXIAL SYSTEM | AUTOTRIAX 2
Since 1941
Typical configurations
106
DATA AQUISITION SYSTEM FOR SOIL MECHANICS | AUTOTRIAX 2 29
TX
Test Frame Software
cell
E S K0 P U WFD1A2 WFD0A1 WFD0A3 WFD0A1/ WF4502/B WF4511 WF4412 SW1 SW2 SW3 SW 4 SW5
UNS
1 1 1 2
1 1 1 2
1 1 1 1 3
1 1 1 1 2 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
1* 3 1 1 1 6
1* 3 1 2 1 7
1* 6 1 1 3 12
1* 6 1 2 3 13
3 3 3 6
3 3 3 1 7
6 6 6 12
6 6 6 1 13
6 6 6 1 12 1 1
Key:
E: Total/effective stress according to BS and ASTM standards S: Stress path (vacuum top cap and submersible load cell are required for tests with stages in extension)
K0: K0 consolidation (vacuum top cap and submersible load cell are required for tests with stages in extensions) P: Permeability (the items indicated in the table are intended to perform permeability tests in one cell)
U: Unsaturated (the test requires the double-wall triaxial cell; the items indicated in the table are intended to perform unsaturated test in one cell)
*Note: in these configurations it is not possible to follow strictly the ASTM standards in the consolidation stage, where the axial compression of the specimen should be recorded continuously
(ref ASTM D4767 point 834) To perform this measurement in a fully automatic mode, a dedicated load frame for each triaxial cell fitted with submersible load cell and vacuum top cap is required
Up to 6 independent systems
are controller by the same PC
107
30 GEOTECHNICAL | DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM
Since 1941
main features
> 8 independent input channels
> Up to 8 instruments can work in a network creating a modular system with
up to 64 independent channels
> LAN / Ethernet connection to PC via dedicated software
> Compatible with load cells, pressure transducers, strain gauges,
LDT / LVDT / potentiometric displacement transducers
> Effective resolution: 131000 points
> Sampling rate up to 500 readings per second per channel
> Numerical and graphical display of readings via PC software
> The transducers can be grouped and combined by the user for matching
different applications
> Possibility to perform various tests (eg shear, consolidation, triaxial, )
in parallel, each one having independent clock, channels and logging
mode
30-WF6008
Geodatalog 8
Multipurpose datalogger, with dedicated software
Technical specification
- Requires connected PC - Excitation (VEXC): from 1 V to 10 V for
- Number of channels: 8 each couple of channels (up to 4)
- Network mode: Up to 8 units - Datalogger input: 0-10 V; 0-20 mA
- Sampling rate: Up to 500 readings/ - Software: Included, DATACOMM 2
second per channel - Dimensions approx lxdxh [mm]:
- Effective resolution:131000 points - 290 x 195 x 61
- Communication port: LAN / Ethernet - Weight approx [kg]: 16 kg
- Power supply: 110-220V,50-60 Hz, 1ph
108
GEOTECHNICAL | DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM 30
Accessories
Electronic measurement device
See pag 88
Cable DATACOMM 2 - Channels configuration The transducers can be grouped and combined by the user
for matching different applications
82-P9008/ELT Geo-Analysis Templates
Set of four cables for connetting sensors to
DATALOG8 (82-P9008) and GEODATALOG8 Test Standard Ordering information
(30-WF6008)
Incremental loading BS 1377:5, 30-WF6016/T1
Extension cable
ASTM D2435 30-WF6016/T8
30-WF6042
Consolidation CRS ASTM D4186 30-WF6016/T6
Transducer extension cable, 6 m length
30-WF6044 Hydraulic consolidation BS 1377:6 30-WF6016/T12
Transducer extension cable, 12 m length
SWCC -Hydraulic consolidation - 30-WF6016/T13
Lan Hub
26-WF4645 Direct/residual BS 1377:7 30-WF6016/T2
LAN Hub with 8 ports for Wykeham ASTM D3080 30-WF6016/T9
Farrance devices Shear
Ring BS 1377:7 30-WF6016/T3
Data processing: Geo-Analysis ASTM D6467 30-WF6016/T16
Templates
Sixteen templates for different Effective stress BS 1377:8 30-WF6016/T4
tests and Standards have been ASTM D4767 - D7181 30-WF6016/T11
developed specifically for pro- Triaxial
cessing test data recorded by Total stress BS 1377:7 30-WF6016/T5
the DATACOMM 2 software. The ASTM D2850 30-WF6016/T10
templates are MS Excel based
programs with easy-to-use func- Permeability BS 1377:6 30-WF6016/T14
tions for importing data files, cal- Other tests CBR BS 1377:4 30-WF6016/T7
culating results, producing test
reports that conforms to the rel- Unconfined ASTM D2166 30-WF6016/T15
evant international Standards.
Other templates are available for processing data gathered with different type of tests
109
30 GEOTECHNICAL | DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM
Since 1941
30-WF0373/SIT
50 kN load cell complete with ACCREDIA
calibration certificate* and stainless steel
loading seat
Technical specifications
- Linearity: 003%
- Hysteresis: 003%
- Repeatability: 001%
110
GEOTECHNICAL | DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM 30
30-WF0653 30-WF0653/K
Digital micrometer, 50 mm travel x 0001 Calibration device for local strain transdu-
mm resolution cers and standard linear displacement
30-WF0653/C transducers up to 50 mm travel
As above with ACCREDIA certificate 30-WF0653/KC
As above with ACCREDIA certificate
111
Soil Mechanics
31 Dynamic testing systems
26 Consolidation 44
27 Direct/Residual shear 56
28 Triaxial testing 66
The response of soils to cyclic loading is determined mostly by the mechanical properties of the
soil. There are several types of geotechnical engineering problems associated with dynamic loading, some
examples include: wave propagation, machine vibrations, seismic loading, liquefaction and transient cyclic
loading. We can provide several different systems to investigate these events: Dynamic triaxial, FACT, Re-
sonant column/torsional shear and Cyclic simple shear.
113
31 SOIL MECHANICS | DYNAMIC TESTING SYSTEMS
Since 1941
The DYNATRIAX Dynamic Triaxial, FACT, Resonant Column/Torsional Shear and Cyclic Simple Shear systems
can replicate unusual in-situ events in the laboratory:
Ocean Waves
Wind
Earthquake
Earthquake
Rail track
Rail track
Blasting
Blasting
Traffic
Construction
115
31 SOIL MECHANICS | DYNAMIC TESTING SYSTEMS
Since 1941
116
MECANIQUE DES SOLS | SYSTEMES DESSAIS DYNAMIQUES 31
118
126
129
117
31 SOIL MECHANICS | DYNAMIC TESTING SYSTEMS
Since 1941
main features
> Capability to perform Static (effective stress > Upgrade for bender elements testing and local
and stress path), Dynamic and Unsaturated soil strain measurements
triaxial tests > Standard and user-defined wave shapes,
> Three axis closed loop control for axial load or including those derived from in situ measure-
displacement, cell and back pressure ments (from violent earthquakes to sedate ocean
> Automatic compensation of cell/back pressure waves)
during dynamic stage > Management of transducer calibration and
> Operating frequency up to 10 Hz depending on verification by software
test and sample conditions > Test set-up by unique programmable multi stage
> Complete automation of all test stages using an test procedure: the test structure and parameters
high sensitivity closed loop PID feedback control can be edited during the test according to the
response of the soil specimen
> Two dynamic load/displacement options: Up to
25 mm with 5kN double effect actuator > Manual and automatic emergency air shut-off
or Up to 15 mm with 14kN double effect function
actuator
118
SOIL MECHANICS | DYNAMIC TESTING SYSTEMS 31
The DYNATRIAX is a computer Data Acquisition, process & control PID control that the required peak and val-
controlled servo-pneumatic sys- system An extremely efficient algorithm ley levels are consistently main-
tem designed to perform the The CDC Compact Dynamic with larger gain ranges gives en- tained.
static and dynamic stages of a Controller is a compact self con- hanced sensitivity, making it easi- The tuning panel, with its user-
triaxial test. tained unit that manages the er to tune the system and achiev- friendly interface, provides all
three axis (vertical load/displace- ing a more accurate wave-shape.
The system manages three axis the tools necessary to optimize
ment, cell and back pressure) The system includes manual and
with closed loop control: system control during static and
with a control loop rate of 10 kHz. automatic amplitude controls
- Vertical load/displacement up cyclic test stages.
It provides the automatic control which compensate for small
to 25 mm ( 5 kN double of the system and drives the servo
effect actuator) or up to 15 changes that may occur in the
valve units of the three axis and system during cycling, ensuring
mm ( 14 kN double effect two on/off valves, one connected
actuator) to the drainage line and one con-
- Cell pressure up to 1000 kPa nected to the air main supply of
- Back pressure up to 1000 kPa the system.
The CDC communicates with the
The base system includes: PC through an Ethernet com-
munication link (100 Mbit/s). The
Tritech 50 or Tritech 100 load controller has sixteen transducers
machines
input channels, 16 bits ADC.
The TRITECH digital loading ma-
chine is a microprocessor con-
trolled drive system:
- Static load capacity: 50 kN or
100 kN
- Static vertical displacement up
to 100 mm (machine travel)
Actuator
The double acting pneumatic ac-
tuator is digitally controlled and
includes an integrated LVDT dis- The pneumatic actuator applies the
placement transducer to control vertical cyclic load/displacement
the position and the movement according to the set wave shape
of the piston during the test. Tritech50 load frame fitted
- Dynamic load capacity: with actuator and Banded
Servo valve for the vertical triaxial cell with advanced ring
5 kN or 14 kN load control
- Dynamic vertical displacement
with travel up to 25 mm or
15 mm The actuator locking system
allows the user to easily skip Submersible load cell,
- Operating frequency up to 10
from dynamic to static testing not affected by the friction
Hz (depending on test and of the ram and the cell
sample conditions)
- Min. air supply: 800 kPa
- Max. servo valve frequency: The air reservoir with two Dynatriax includes PC and
70 Hz. servo valves for cell and software that provides the
back pressure control control of test stages in
automatic mode
119
31 SOIL MECHANICS | DYNAMIC TESTING SYSTEMS
Since 1941
120
SOIL MECHANICS | DYNAMIC TESTING SYSTEMS 31
Cyclic stage setup panel showing parameters for a non-standard test method Transducer calibration Calibrations can be recalled and verified
Stress-controlled cyclic shear stage Real time measurements, compression/extension and Resilient modulus software package: live monitoring of the compression of the sample during
amplitude values are displayed the application of the pulse sequence
Youngs and shear modulus are monitored during the cyclic stage
121
31 SOIL MECHANICS | DYNAMIC TESTING SYSTEMS
Since 1941
Accessories Sensors
Triaxial cell and accessories Submersible load cell
Banded triaxial cell 31-WF7117
See pag 75 Submersible load cell 5 kN
31-WF7118
Submersible load cell 10 kN
31-WF7119
Submersible load cell 25 kN
31-WF7121
122
SOIL MECHANICS | DYNAMIC TESTING SYSTEMS 31
Pressure transducers with Pressure system Air compressor De airing water system
de-airing block See pag 84
Water distribution panel 86-D2015/A
28-WF6300 Used to supply the dynamic triaxial system
31-WF4335
Pressure transducers 1000 kPa and the air/water pressure system with Upgrading accessories
Two pressure lines, complete with
28-WF6310 digital gauge and hand pump to build-up compressed air Bender elements
pressure* - Maximum pressure: 10 bar See pag 90
De airing block for pressure tranducer, for
banded triaxial cell - Dimensions: 605 x 270 x 500 mm - Maximum pressure (continuous use):
8 bar Local strain transducers
See pag 87 (w x d x h) See pag 92
- Weight: 85 kg (approx) - Tank capacity: 200 l
- Air flow: 334 m3/h Note: local strain transducers and bender
*If the laboratory is already equipped with a elements require advanced kit to be fitted to
pressure system, the model 28-WF4334 may - Power rating: 4 kW
the triaxial cells see pag 77
be used as an alternative - Power supply: 400 V, 50 Hz, 3 ph (for
220 V, 60 Hz, 3 ph ask for 86-D2015/
See page 100
AZ model)
- Overall dimensions:
1600 x 500 x 1050 mm (wxdxh)
- Weight: 125 kg (approx)
28-WF6300 with 28-WF6310
Volume change
86-D2019
Using this dryer ensures the production
29-WF4412 of clean and dry, high quality air, which is
Automatic volume change device with essential for preserving the testing system
remotely controlled flow inversion 31-WF4335
It can be used for different applications,
- Capacity: 100 cc either as an independent unit or connected
- Accuracy: 01 cc to the air compressor
- Maximum operating pressure: 2000 kPa Bladder Air/water interface Supplied complete with particle filter 5m
- Dimensions: W280 x H400 x D260 mm 28-WF4320 and two oil filters 1 and 0,1 m
- Weight: 9 kg - Power rating: 190 W
Air/water interface up to 1000 kPa
See pag 83 - Power supply: 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph (for
110 V, 60 Hz, ask for 86-D2019/Z model)
- Capacity: 900 l/min
- Pressure: 16 bar
- Overall dimensions:
220 x 560 x 460 mm(wxdxh)
- Weight: 24 kg (approx)
29-WF4412
123
31 SOIL MECHANICS | DYNAMIC TESTING SYSTEMS
Since 1941
124
SOIL MECHANICS | DYNAMIC TESTING SYSTEMS 31
Software
IPC Globals UTS software is purpose built and draws upon over 30 years of advanced
materials testing experience
IPC Globals test and control software (UTS) is known for its simplicity in use, clarity
of results and analytical power UTS allows for real time graphing of results and
configurable real time transducer levels screen, as well as customizable test templates
to streamline the testing process
TUNING PARAMETERS Easy to navigate menus to allow you to set up your test parameters with
minimal hassle
Technical specification APPLY SIGNATURE AS CYCLIC SHEAR PARAMETERS simulate real world events from violent
earth-quakes to sedate ocean waves
- Maximum axial loading: 11 kN*
- Load Cell: 25 kN Submersible
- Ram Displacement: 50 mm
- Cell Dimensions:
240 mm ID x 415 mm High
- Specimen sizes: 38/50/70/100 mm
diameter (Other sizes available)
- Maximum test application frequency
Typically 5 Hz
- Maximum dynamic cell pressure
frequency 1 Hz Floating Ram
- Cell Pressure up to 1000 kPa*
- Back Pressure up to 1000 kPa*
- Control Modes Force/Stress/Displace-
ment & Strain For more details
about technical features
- Reaction Frame 3 Integrated internal
and ordering information
columns
contact Controls Group
- Dimensions: 1370 x 630 x 1140 mm
(h x d x w)
- Weight: 165 kg
- Power supply:
110 V/240 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph
- Operating Environment 5 C to 30 C
125
31 SOIL MECHANICS | DYNAMIC TESTING SYSTEMS
Since 1941
RESONANT COLUMN
main features
> Combined Resonant Column (RC)/ Torsional Shear (TS)
device
> Pneumatically operated, confining pressure up to 1 MPa
> Automatic detection of fundamental frequency
> RC: damping ratio from half-power bandwidth and from free-
vibration decay
> TS: damping ratio from hysteresis loops
> Internal floating frame for large angular and axial deformation
> Suitable for 50 mm diameter specimens (or 38 mm on request)
> Integrated data acquisition generation and elaboration
126
SOIL MECHANICS | DYNAMIC TESTING SYSTEMS 31
Saturation stage and measuring changes in pore response of the soil specimen Torsional Shear test (TS)
During the saturation stage, small water pressure. (half-power bandwidth); A sinusoidal current is applied to
amounts of cell and back pressure - in the domain of time, from a the coils in a quasi-static condi-
are applied in steps, causing the Resonant Column test (RC) free-vibration decay curve that tion and the motion of the top of
air in the pore spaces to dissolve. A signal generator supplies a si- is generated by shutting off the specimen is monitored using
A control system generates both nusoidal voltage to the driving the driving power (logarithmic the proximity displacement trans-
cell and back pressures using air/ amplifier and a proportional cur- decrement method). ducers. The input current (propor-
water interfaces. Cell, back and rent to the coils attached to the tional to the shear stress) and the
The half-power bandwidth is de-
pore pressures are measured by cell body. The magnetic field in corresponding torsional rotation
fined as the width of the peak,
1000 kPa capacity pressure trans- the coils interacts with the mag- (proportional to the shear strain)
where the magnitude of the fre-
ducers to an accuracy of 0.1 kPa. nets attached to the driving plate are simultaneously recorded. The
quency response function is 1/2
Volume change is measured by a which, in turn, conveys a torsional shear modulus of the soil is de-
times the peak value. In the loga-
high-sensitivity volume change oscillation to the top of the speci- termined from the average slope
rithmic decrement method, the
apparatus that consists of a pis- men. As the frequency of the of the stress-strain loops, while
free vibration displacement am-
ton connected to a 12.5 mm input signal varies, the dynamic material damping is related to the
plitude history of the soil speci-
LVDT transducer sealed against response of the specimen results area of the hysteresis loop.
men to an impulse is measured
a precision-machined calibration in a varying motion amplitude. At a given effective stress, TS
and recorded. A typical free decay
chamber with 40 cc capacity and The amplitude is captured either tests are repeated several times,
curve is shown below. Logarith-
0.2% accuracy. by an accelerometer attached to progressively increasing the am-
mic decrement is the natural log-
the driving plate or by proximity arithmic value of the ratio of two plitude of the input voltage, thus
Consolidation stage displacement transducers meas- adjacent values. obtaining the secant shear modu-
The sample is subjected to the uring the movement of the driv- lus and the damping ratio corre-
At a given effective stress, RC
same back pressure used during ing plate relative to the coils. sponding to increasing values of
tests are repeated several times,
the last saturation step while the The frequency that maximizes the shear strain.
progressively increasing the am-
cell pressure depends on the ef- the motion of the top of the plitude of the input voltage, thus
fective stress required for the next specimen is associated with the obtaining the secant shear mod-
stage. The consolidation stage first-mode resonance and is de- ulus and the damping ratio cor-
is considered completed when termined by applying an input responding to increasing shear
pore water pressure is completely signal with a frequency sweep. strain values.
dissipated and volume change is The secant shear modulus of the
negligible. During this stage the soil can be evaluated from the
axial compression is measured us- resonant frequency.
ing a LVDT transducer with 12.5
The damping ratio can be evalu-
mm travel.
ated by two methods:
RC and TS tests are usually per-
- in the domain of frequency,
formed under undrained condi-
from the complete frequency
tions, closing the drainage lines
RC: Resonant column test Torsional Shear: determination of shear modulus (G) and damping ratio (D)
127
31 SOIL MECHANICS | DYNAMIC TESTING SYSTEMS
Since 1941
Software
128
SOIL MECHANICS | DYNAMIC TESTING SYSTEMS 31
129
31 SOIL MECHANICS | DYNAMIC TESTING SYSTEMS
Since 1941
130
SOIL MECHANICS | DYNAMIC TESTING SYSTEMS 31
Linear displacement shear stage The graph can display axial stress, induced
pore pressure, axial load andlateral load vs time
131
Compacted road base
and subbase soils
33 Moisture/Density relationship
34 CBR California Bearing Ratio
35 Field density, Bearing capacity
38 Soil permeability
When highway or railway earthworks, bases, subbases and dams are constructed and subgrades
are prepared, it is necessary to compact the material mechanically, to confer a high degree of density. This
procedure increases the shear strength, reduces the permeability and water absorption, and reduces the
tendency to settle under repeated loading. Compaction is therefore defined as the process of increasing the
density of a material by mechanical means. To simulate the procedure adopted in the earthworks to obtain
a defined level of compaction in the field, several laboratory tests have been developed over the years; they
only differ for the different level of energy applied to the soil sample.
The equipment proposed in section 33 concern mainly Proctor moulds and compactors.
Section 34 refers mainly to the CBR equipment and various models of loading presses.
The equipment shown in section 35 concerns mainly all devices for determining the in situ density and
various models of plate bearing test apparatus.
Section 38 propose various apparatus for determining the permeability of soil.
33 Moisture/Density relationship
Proctor moulds and rammers 134
35 Field density, Bearing capacity
Sand density cone apparatus 156
Automatic Proctor/CBR compactors 136 Balloon density apparatus 158
Vibrating compaction hammer 139 Surface soil samplers 159
Proctor penetrometer 140 Plate bearing test apparatus 160
Compressive strength 140 Lightweight deflectometer 165
Load ring penetrometer 140
Moisture condition apparatus 141
Relative density test sets 141 38 Soil permeability
Constant and falling head permeability
apparatus 166
34 CBR California Bearing Ratio
CBR moulds and accessories 142
De-airing and vacuum systems 167
Compaction mould permeameter 168
Swell test apparatus 145 Pinhole test apparatus 169
Field CBR test set 145
CBR specific load frame and presses 146
MULTISPEED loading presses 148
Impact soil tester 155
133
33 COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | MOISTURE / DENSITY RELATIONSHIP
Moulds
Used for determining the rela- Code Internal diameter (mm) Body height (mm) Approx. weight (kg)
tionship between the moisture 33-T0070/EN 100 1 120 1 50
content and density of compact- 33-T0070/ENS* 100 1 120 1 50
ed soil. The moulds include collar, 33-T0071/EN 150 1 120 1 89
mould body and base plate.
33-T0071/ENS* 150 1 120 1 89
The rammer construction in- 33-T0074/E 250 1 200 1 32
cludes a guide sleeve with vent
holes. Different versions are avail- *Split version
able that conform to the various Steel plates
commonly used standards. They
Code Diameter (mm) Thickness (mm) Approx. weight
are all made of plated steel and
are identical in shape, only dif- 33-T0070/E1 995 10 06
fering slightly in diameter and 33-T0071/E1 1495 10 13
capacity. For the extrusion of soil 33-T0074/E1 2495 20 76
specimens from the mould, the
Universal specimen extruder may Rammers
be used. See Accessories. Code Rammer Free fall height Rammer weight Approx. Weight
An alternative (and preferable) diameter (mm) (mm) (kg) (kg)
method of compacting is to use 33-T0075/E 50 05 305 3 249 30
an automatic compactor. For 33-T0076/E 50 05 457 3 454 53
more information, see AUTO- 33-T0077/E* 125 05 600 3 150 23
PROCTOR, the automatic Proctor-
CBR compactor, pages 136-138. *A semi-automatic high energy compactor is available on request
Proctor moulds and rammers conforming Proctor moulds and rammers conforming to BS
to ASTM, AASHTO and CNR Standards BS 1377:4, 1924:2
Standards
Moulds
ASTM D558, D698, D1557 | AASHTO T99, T134, T180 | CNR N69
Code Volume Internal Body height Approx.
Moulds (cm) diameter (mm) weight
Code Volume Internal diameter Body height Approx. weight (mm) (kg)
(cm3) (mm) (mm) (kg) 33-T0070/BS 1000 1050 1155 70
33-T0070/A 944 1016 1164 70 Rammer
33-T0071/A 2124 1524 1164 90 Code Rammer Free fall Rammer weight Weight
33-T0072/A 944 1016 1164 75 diameter height (kg) (kg)
33-T0073/A 2124 1524 1164 95 (mm) (mm)
33-T0075/B 50 300 25 30
Rammers
33-T0076/B 50 450 45 53
Code Rammer Free fall height Rammer Approx. weight
diameter (mm) weight (kg) (kg)
33-T0075 508 3050 249 30
16-T0080
33-T0076 508 4572 454 53
134
COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | MOISTURE / DENSITY RELATIONSHIP 33
Rammer
Code Rammer Free fall height Rammer Weight Proctor moulds and rammers conforming to NLT and UNE
diameter (mm) (mm) weight (kg) (kg) Standards NLT-108/91, UNE 103-500
33-T0075 508 305 249 30 Moulds
33-T0076 508 457 4535 53 Code Volume Internal Body height Approx.
(cm3) diameter (mm) Weight
(mm) (kg)
33-T0070/C 1000 1020 1224 70
33-T0070/C3* 1000 1020 1224 70
33-T0071/C 2320 1524 1270 100
33-T0071/C3* 2320 1524 1270 100
*Split versions
Rammer
Code Rammer Free fall Rammer Weight
diameter height weight (kg)
(mm) (mm) (kg)
33-T0075 508 305 249 30
33-T0076 508 457 4535 53
EN compaction equipment
Compaction equipment
135
33 COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | MOISTURE / DENSITY RELATIONSHIP
EN 13286-2 | EN 13286-47 | ASTM D698 | ASTM D1557 | ASTM D1883 | AASHTO T99 |
AASHTO T180 | AASHTO T193 | BS 1377:4 | NF P94-093 | NF P94-066 | UNE 103-500 Mould 100/4" Mould 150/6"
main features
> Universal application: one model only Ordering information
One model only
to satisfy all Standard to satisfy all Standard requirements, 33-T3512
requirements including central blow
(ASTM/AASHTO/EN/
Universal Fully Automatic Programmable,
NF/BS/UNE etc.),
> Fully automatic programmable micro- Proctor/CBR automatic compactor for
including the
processor controlled specimens from 100 to 1524 mm dia,
central blow > User friendly selection of Standards conforming to EN, ASTM, AASHTO, BS, NF,
UNE and major international Standards
User friendly selection > The rammer is included The face dia Rammer kit included 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph
of Standards and weight can be easily set conforming
33-T3513
Possibility to program to the selected Standards
Same as above but 220 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
up to 15 user defined > User defined compaction sequences, 33-T3514
compaction cycles and ideal for research purposes Same as above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
sequences
> Lateral trasparent panel to follow the
compaction evolution and to make
easier the removal of the mould at the
test end
> Protection guards for operator safety
> Noise reduction cabinet available
> Unique hammer lifting device to
guarantee correct drop height
Conforming to all the above Standards, designed for moulds 100 to 102
Models 33-T3512, 33-T3513, 33-T3514
and 150 to 152.4mm diameter, this programmable,microprocessor-con-
trolled model is particularly suitable for research purposes as it is pos- Mould/specimen dia. 100 to 1524 mm (4 and 6)
sible to program a user-defined compaction sequence and a sequence Rammer face dia.
conforming to standards. A sophisticated compaction technique per- (interchangeable conforming 50 and 508 mm
to Standards, see table below)
mits the central blow required for the 150-152.4 mm diameter moulds.
The end of each layer compaction is indicated by a visual and acoustic Rammer weight
(interchangeable conforming 249-250-450-453 kg
signal. The machine is supplied complete with compaction hammer to Standards, see table below)
which can be easily set conforming to the Standard in use as specified Rammer drop
in the table. (interchangeable conforming 300, 305, 450, 457 mm
All models can be supplied complete with noise reduction cabinet. to Standards, see table below)
See page 139. Blow rate 25 blows/min, approx
CE protection Included
Power rating 650 W approx
Overall dimensions (wxdxh) 460 x 460 x 1390 mm
Weight approx.: 140 kg
136
COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | MOISTURE / DENSITY RELATIONSHIP 33
33-T3512 View with open doors The transparent right panel permit the visual control of the
compaction and, at the end, the easy removal of the mould
137
33 COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | MOISTURE / DENSITY RELATIONSHIP
138
COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | MOISTURE / DENSITY RELATIONSHIP 33
139
33 COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | MOISTURE / DENSITY RELATIONSHIP
Compaction 33-T0166
Load ring penetrometer
Compressive strength of
penetrometers Used for measuring the bearing
Unbound and Hydraulically bound mixtures
Standards strength and degree of com- Standards
ASTM D1558 paction of soils. The apparatus
consists of a T-shaped handle EN 12390-4 | EN 13286-41
33-T0165 connected to a 1 kN (100 kgf ) ca-
Proctor penetrometer pacity load ring with a maximum This Multipurpose compression
load pointer, and an extension tester can be suitable used for ap-
Used for establishing the
rod with five 100 mm gradua- plying static compaction to CBR
moisture content/penetration
tions. The 30 end cone has an samples or for 10% Fines/ACV on
resistance relationship of fine-
area of 645 mm2 (1in2). Supplied aggregates.
grained soils. It consists of a
complete with calibration chart. For more information see page 366
special spring dynamometer with
a pressure-indicating scale on Weight: 4 kg (approx.)
the stem of the handle. A sliding Ordering information
ring on the stem indicates the 50-C92C02
maximum pressure obtained in
PILOT Automatic COMPACT-Line compres-
the test.
sion tester, 600 kN capacity, load measu-
Supplied in a carrying case. rement by pressure transducer 230 V, 50-
60 Hz, 1 ph
Specifications 50-C92C04
- Load scale: 0 to 55 kg, 1 kg subdivisions As above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
with maximum load indicator
- Diameter of interchangeable needles:
2855, 2479, 2022, 1654, 1283, 907,
640, 523 and 452 mm
- Weight: 35 kg (approx)
140
COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | RELATIVE DENSITY OF COHESIONLESS SOIL 33
DETERMINATION OF COMPACTION
141
34 COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | CBR (CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO)
142
COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | CBR (CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO) 34
86-TD1800
34-T0090/BS3
34-T0090/BS4
34-T0094/B
34-T0090/B7 34-T0094/F
34-T0090/B6 34-T0099
34-T0095/B 34-T0095/F 34-T0098
BS test set (partial) NF test set (partial)
143
34 COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | CBR (CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO)
EN CBR equipment
Standards EN 13286-47
33-T0091/E
33-T0071/EN 33-T0071/EB1
33-T0046/E
33-T0094/B
386-D1800
33-T0099
34-T0095/B 33-T0099
144
COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | CBR (CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO) 34
145
34 COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | CBR (CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO), PENETRATION TEST
The CBR penetration test can be performed with a number of loading presses, some of them specifically de-
signed for CBR tests, and others with multiple applications (Universal models), at different levels of sophistication.
A concise presentation is given below to expedite your selection.
34-T0102/A
CBR Specific loading presses CBR mechanical loading press, 50 kN ca-
34-T0106/A pacity, manually/hand operated, complete
with CBR accessories
Motor operated
This machine features a rigid two-column
frame with an upper crossbeam which
can be adjusted in height and locked in
position with locknuts The drive force is
provided by a mechanical jack housed in
the base cabinet which also houses the
motor and the electric panel The machine
includes a precision 50kN capacity load
ring, an adjustable penetration piston and
a dial gauge
A version without accessories is also
available: model 34-T0106, which can be 34-T0102/A
completed with other accessories (eg Hand operated
34-T0106/A with mould digital configuration)See Accessories This machine features a rigid two-column
frame with an upper crossbeam which
Note: 82-T1009/C load ring 50 kN cap fitted can be adjusted in height and locked in
with gauge 001 mm resolution available on position with locknuts The drive force is
request provided by a mechanical jack housed in
the base cabinet The machine includes a
precision 50kN capacity load ring, penetra-
Models 34-T0106/A 34-T0102/A tion piston and dial gauge
Maximum load 50 kN 50 kN
Test speed 127 mm/min Manually Controlled
Maximum ram travel 120 mm 120 mm
Horizontal span 270 mm 270 mm
Load ring capacity 50 kN, 0,001 mm div incl 50 kN, 0,001 mm div incl
Dial gauge 30 x 001 mm, included 30 x 001 mm, included
Penetration piston Adjustable,included Included
Power rating 300W -
Overall dimensions 392 x 495 x 1194 mm 300 x 410 x 1140 mm
Weight (approx.) 78 kg 75 kg
146
COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | CBR (CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO), PENETRATION TEST 34
82-T1009 82-P60R02
Load ring 50 kN cap, fitted with dial gauge DIGIMAX TS, Touchscreen, 4-channel
0001 mm div readout and processing unit for load and
displacement sensors Suitable for CBR,
Note: As alternative, with the 34-T0103/3C
Marshall, Indirect tensile and general
assembly and the 82-T1009/C load ring purpose tests
110-240 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph
82-SW/CMU
PC software for CBR, Marshall, Indirect
34-T0106 with 34-V0107/CBR and 82-P60R02 with mould tensile and general purpose tests
82-D1257
Dial gauge 30 mm travel, 001 mm
divisions
34-T0104/7
Dial gauge holder
147
34 COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | CBR (CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO), PENETRATION TEST
Application of MULTISPEED
and MULTISPEED Automatic testers
These models represent the ideal solution for major laboratories per-
forming tests requiring displacement control, such as CBR, Marshall, In-
direct tensile, Unconfined compression, Quick triaxial etc. The MULTISPEED
standard version 34-V1072 (see page 150) is usually equipped with ana-
logue measurement system but could also accept digital accessories,
while MULTISPEED Automatic 34-V1172 is fitted with digital system only,
as required by all EN Standards. The various test accessories and relevant
Standards, are shown and listed on page 152,153.
34-V1172 with
Marshall accessories
148
COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | CBR (CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO) 34
Weight (approx.) 65 kg
149
34 COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | CBR (CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO), PENETRATION TEST
General descriptions
MULTISPEED 34-V1072
series Ordering information CBR Accessories Marshall accessories
The MULTISPEED tester features a rigid Standards Standards
two-column structure with an upper cross MULTISPEED 34-V1072 EN 12697-34* | ASTM D1559 | ASTM D5581
EN 13286-47 | ASTM D1883 | AASHTO
beam which can be set at various heights | ASTM 6927-06 | AASHTO T245 | BS 598-
T193 | BS 1377:4 | NF P94-078 | UNI
The load jack, DC motor and controls 34-V1072 107 | NF P98-0251-2 | DIN 1996 | CNR 30
are housed in a specially designed base CNR 10009
MULTISPEED, digital compression tester, Note: The EN Standard specifies that Marshall
cabinet 50 kN capacity, testing speed steplessly 34-T0103/3 Testers must be used in digital mode with a
When fitted in digital mode,test data are adjustable from 02 to 51 mm/min recording unit
Adjustable penetration piston complete
acquired and processed by a Digimax or 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph with dial holder and dial gauge 30 x 001 82-T1009/F
other similar device
34-V1073 mm div Load ring, 50 kN capacity, with stembrake
One of the main features of the new
MULTISPEED is the control of test speed As above but 220 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph 82-T1009 Or as alternative:
which is easily set and then shown on the 34-V1074 Load ring 50 kN cap, fitted with dial gauge
As above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph 82-T1007/F
display Furthermore, the test stroke can 0001 mm div
be set at the beginning of the test with an Load ring, 30 kN capacity, with stembrake
automatic stop, avoiding overloading the Accessories for performing
34-T0104/10
machine and the specimen, thus assuring CBR and Marshall tests Compression device
operator safety This important feature also in analogue mode
permits a calibration of machine speed to 76-B0034
(For use with the Multispeed 34-V1072
be performed, with micrometric manual series only) Flow meter
adjustments made by the operator 76-B0033
The display shows the travel direction of Stability mould
the lower platen and the front panel is
fitted with an emergency button and two
operating LEDs indicating machine on/off
and travel direction
This model is normally equipped in the
analogical mode, but, using the Digimax
TS Data acquisition system and relevant
PC software (see page 154), can also
be equipped in the digital mode (see
accessories)
150
COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | CBR (CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO) 34
main features
MULTISPEED 34-V1072 series
> Closed-loop speed control
> CBR and MARSHALL test speed can be selected by default
> Other testing speeds (custom) between 02 and 51mm/min, can be
easily set
> Selection of maximum platen displacement with automatic stop
> Rapid approach and return function, to reduce the testing time
> Speed calibration function by firmware
> CE Emergency stop button
Technical specifications
Models 34-V1072
34-V1073
34-V1074
Maximum capacity 50 kN
Testing speed, adjustable from 02 to 51 mm/min
Power rating DC motor 750 W
Display Alphanumeric 2 x16 characters
Horizontal clearance 270 mm
Maximum vertical clearance (without accessories) 730 mm
Overall dimensions (lxwxh) 392 x 495 x 1213 mm
Weight (approx.) 65 kg
151
34 COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | MULTISPEED ACCESSORIES
34-V0107/CM
Test set for performing CBR and Marshall
tests in digital mode, including:
82-P0375
Load cell, 50 kN capacity
82-P0375/C
Adapter to fit load cell (two pieces)
82-P0322
Displacement transducer, 25 mm travel
34-T0104/81
Adjustable transducer holder
34-T0103/1
Adjustable CBR penetration piston
34-V0107/CBR Test set with CBR mould 34-V0107/MAR Test set 34-T0104/13
Compression device extension
34-T0104/10
34-V0107/CBR 34-V0107/MAR Compression device
Test set for performing CBR tests in digital Test set for performing Marshall tests in 76-B0033
mode, including: digital mode, including: Stability mould 4"
82-P0375 82-P0375
Note: Stability mould for 6" specimen
Load cell, 50 kN capacity Load cell, 50 kN capacity
avaiable on request-see 76-B0033/C
82-P0375/C 82-P0375/C
Adapter to fit load cell (two pieces) Adapter to fit load cell (two pieces)
82-P0322 82-P0322
Displacement transducer, 25 mm travel Displacement transducer, 25 mm travel
34-T0104/81 34-T0104/81
Adjustable transducer holder Adjustable transducer holder
34-T0103/1 34-T0104/13
Adjustable CBR penetration piston Compression device extension
All above items can be ordered individually 34-T0104/10, Compression device
Note: The MULTISPEED 34-V1072 Series also 76-B0033, Stability mould 4"
require data acquisition system See DIGIMAX
TS 82-P60R02 on page 154
* The EN Standard specifies that Marshall
Testers must be used in digital mode with a
recording unit
152
COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | MULTISPEED ACCESSORIES 34
Other tests can be performed with the MULTISPEED and MULTISPEED AUTOMATIC testers,
using the following accessories:
Universal models
For performing tests under speed/displacement and load control, including all road
tests (CBR, Marshall, Indirect tensile etc.), concrete, cement and natural building
Machine fitted with accessories for IDT Machine fitted with accessories stone flexural testing under load control, triaxial testing etc. See page 388, 392
153
34 COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | DIGIMAX TS
Based on the latest electronic technology, this modern readout unit of- Technical specifications is designed specifically to be used
fers advanced performance and outstanding electronic features, including - 240 x 128 pixel touchscreen graphic with new Digimax 82-P60 R02
excellent effective resolution, sampling rate, accuracy and stability of read- display showing numerical and graphical and with 76-B3812, 34-V1172,
data 70-T1082, 70-T1182 and 70-T1192
ings, superb calibration functions, touchscreen sensitivity and reaction - Total of four channels: two dedicated testing machines.
times, and fast network communication. to load sensors and two for displace- Minimum PC requirements
Our long-standing experience and tradition in the production and design ment transducers A maximum of two
channels (one load and one displace- - Pentium 4 CPU 3 GHz
of testing systems, and in particular digital units,has enabled us to create - 1 GB of free hard disk space
ment, selected by the user) can be used
an extraordinarily optimized user interface with efficient working proce- simultaneously - Microsoft Windows XP or higher
dures, resulting in a unit that is faster and easier to use, combined, as al- - Effective sampling rate up to 50/sec operating system
ways, with Class 1 accuracy and total reliability. - Effective resolution 17 bit - RAM memory:
- Data storage on USB pen drive for Windows XP or Vista: minimum
(included) 1 GB; recommended 2 GB
- Connection to PC via LAN port (basic for Windows 7: minimum 2 GB;
82-P60R02
communication software is included) recommended 4 GB
DIGIMAX TS, Touchscreen four-channel readout and processing unit for load and displa- - Multiple selection of language and units
cement sensors Suitable for CBR, Marshall, Indirect tensile and general purpose tests - CD-ROM drive
- Real-time clock and date - One free RJ45 network port
110-240 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph
- Overall dimensions (w x d x h): 290 x - Screen resolution of 1024 x 768 pixels
220 x 130 mm with color quality set to 32 bit
- Weight: 34 kg (approx) - MS Excel 2003 or higher (optional)
Ordering information
PC software for CBR, 82-SW/CMU
Marshall, Indirect tensile PC software for CBR, Marshall, Indirect
and general purpose tests tensile and universal tests
Standards
154
COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | STRENGTH OF STABILIZED SOIL, IMPACT TESTER 34
34-T0123/A 34T0124/B
34-T0168/B
155
35 COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | FIELD DENSITY
FIELD DENSITY
Sand replacement method
The verification of the degree of compaction can be determined on site with a simple procedure that essentially
involves removing and weighing a section of compacted soil and then refilling the hole with sand. A simple ap-
paratus is used to record the volume of sand, and then the density of the removed soil can be calculated.
156
COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | FIELD DENSITY 35
157
35 COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | FIELD DENSITY
Balloon method
The principle of operation is similar to the sand replacement method but
the hole is filled with a rubber balloon into which water is pumped. The
amount of water can be easily determined by reading the graduations
marked on the cylinder or piston stress. Two versions are available: the
ASTM/AASHTO/CNR model, with 1.6 litre capacity (35-T0131), and the NF
version, with 3 or 6 litre capaci-ty (35-T0134 and 35-T0134/A).
ASTM D2167 | AASHTO T205 | CNR N 22 This apparatus is used for de-
termining the in-situ density of
This test set consists of a gradu- well-bonded soil according to NF
ated cylinder with 1596 ml capa- specifications. A metal cylinder
city housed inside an aluminium is filled with water which is then
guard, a reversible rubber aspi- pumped into a rubber membrane
rator pump, a 9 square density mounted on the base of the cyl-
plate and 12 rubber balloons. inder, which fills a hole previously
- Capacity: 1596 ml made in the soil. The water pres- 35-T0134
- Weight: 6 kg (approx) sure is controlled by a pressure
gauge and the volume of the bal-
Accessories and spares loon is measured on the gradu-
ated piston stem. Two versions Ordering information
35-T0131/4
are available: 3000 and 6000 ml 35-T0134
Rubber balloons, pack of 12 capacity. The apparatus are sup- Balloon density apparatus, 3000 ml
plied complete with base plate, 3 capacity
locking clamps and 6 reinforced
35-T0134/A
balloons.
Balloon density apparatus, 6000 ml
- Weight: capacity
35-T0134, 95 kg (approx)
35-T0134/A, 115 kg (approx) Accessories and spares
35-T0134/2
Spare reinforced 3000 ml membranes for
35-T0134 Pack of 6
35-T0134/A2
Spare reinforced 6000 ml membranes for
35-T0134/A Pack of 6
35-T0131
35-T0134/A
158
COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | FIELD DENSITY 35
This apparatus is made from cor- This version of the soil sampler in- Ordering information This is an easy to use pocket de-
rosion-resistant steel and consists cludes a core cutter, driving dolly 35-T0137 vice; very useful for determining
of a 5 kg sliding-weight drop- and driving rammer.Two sizes are the in-situ density of undisturbed
100 mm diameter core cutter set
hammer which falls freely onto available: 100 and 150 mm inter- soil. A stainless steel tube is driven
the driving head situated above nal diameter, both made of steel. 35-T0138 into the soil and the volume is
the sampling tube. 150 mm diameter core cutter set read off the stem which is marked
- Weight: 10 kg (approx) from 0 to 30cm3.
- Sampling tube: 73 mm internal diame- - Weight: 05kg (approx)
ter, 66 mm long
Ordering information
35-T0135
ASTM/CNR Surface soil sampler
159
35 COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | BEARING CAPACITY
Bearing capacity
Plate bearing test apparatus Each one of the above versions is - Electronic measuring system Technical Specifications
100, 200 and 500kN capacity available in the following configu- with a pressure transducer for All above versions are listed and
Standards rations: load measurement, three linear detailed in the table on page 162
- Analogue measuring system displacement transducers for and in the ordering information
ASTM D1194 | ASTM D1195 | ASTM
with manometer and dial deflection measurements and a
D1196 | BS 1377:9 | UNE 739 | UNE 7391
gauges datalogger for data acquisition,
| DIN 18134 | CNR N 92 | CNR N 146 500 kN ASTM loading
- Digital measuring system processing and display
system
with digital manometer and
These test methods are used for analogue dial gauges A 500 kN loading system, conform-
estimating the bearing capac- ing to ASTM D1194 and ASTM
ity of a soil under field loading D1195, is also available and can be
conditions for a specific loading completed with the suitable ac-
plate and depth of embedment cessories (datum bar, load plates
(ASTM D1194). They also cover and dial gauges). See page 163.
load tests on soil and flexible
pavement components, for use in
evaluation and design of airport
and highway pavements (ASTM
D1195, D1196 - BS 1377 - CNR No.
92 and No. 146 DIN 18134).
35-T1171
Models available
Our new models have been de-
signed primarily with the opera-
tors site requirements in mind.
These considerations are summa-
rized in the following points:
- Light and easy to handle
- Easy load reading options,
either by high-resolution digital
manometer or with a pressure
transducer and data logger
- We produce an extensive range
of models which offer different 35-T1171/D
levels of sophistication and
load capacities and satisfy the
requirements of all the relevant
standards.
There are two basic versions:
- 100 / 200kN capacity, 300 mm Detail of the digital gauge fitted in the 35-T1170/D, 35-T1171/D, 35-T1172/D and
plate diameter. 35-T1170 to 35-T1173/D models
Very high resolution (65,000 divisions), 0-100 kN range, 10N minimum reading
35-T1172/EL models.
LCD display, display height 16 mm with high visibility Battery operated, 1 year
- 200 kN capacity, 300, 450, 600 battery life
and 760 mm plate diameters.
35-T1173/D and 35-T1173/EL
models
35-T1173/D
160
COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | BEARING CAPACITY 35
main features
> 180/200mm piston travel, to meet easily the reaction loading system
> Double-delivery hand pump for fast approach to the reaction loading
system
> Three measuring system options: Analogue, Digital with analogue dial 35-T1170, 35-T1171,
gauges and Electronic with load and displacement transducers and a 35-T1172 versions
datalogger The set is housed in a trolley type
case which is very easy to handle
> Light and extremely rigid aluminium alloy measuring bridges (50kg only) The measuring
> Load and measuring system housed in a practical,very easy to handle- bridge has its own wooden case,
weighing only 10kg Both can be
trolley case
easily transported by car
> Light and easily transportable: Analogue and Digital versions (35-
T1170 to 35-T1172 series) weigh only 60kg in total, including cases
> Supplied complete with calibration and conformity certificates
35-T1170, 35-T1170/D, Detail of dial gauge housing conforming to CNR N 146 method A standard
35-T1173/D detail of plate set, hydraulic cylinder, dial gauges with supports, hand pump and high
resolution digital gauge: 0-200kN range, 10N resolution
Internal view 35-T1170/E L Electronic version Detail of platen assembly with pressure transducer connected to the
of carrying cases pump, three displacement transducers and DATALOG8, data acquisition system
161
35 COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | BEARING CAPACITY
* Complete with plastic carrying case For detailed information see page 552
Ordering information pressure gauge 0-100 kN range, 10 N 10 N resolution, conforming to ASTM Conforming to BS 1377:9 and CNR N 146
Analogue models resolution, conforming to CNR No 146 D1194-D1195-D1196, BS 1377:9 and CNR method B
method "A", one dial gauge No 146 method "B", three dial gauges 35-T1172/EL
35-T1170
Plate bearing test apparatus, 100 kN 35-T1171/D Plate bearing test apparatus, 200kNca-
Electronic models
capacity, 300 mm diameter plate, pressure Plate bearing test apparatus, 100 kN pacity, 300mm diameter plate, complete
capacity, 300 mm diameter plate, pressure 35-T1170/EL with pressure transducer, three linear
gauge 0-50 kN range, 250 N divisions,
conforming to CNR No 146 method "A", gauge 0-100 kNrange, 10 N resolution, Plate bearing test apparatus, 100 kN displacement transducers and Datalog8
one dial gauge conforming to BS 1377:9 and CNR No 146 capacity, 300 mm diameter plate, data acquisition and display unit Battery
method "B", three dial gauges complete with pressure transducer, one operated with adaptor for 110-230 V
35-T1171 displacement transducer and Datalog8 Conforming to BS 1377:9 and CNR N 146
Plate bearing test apparatus, 100 kN 35-T1172/D data acquisition and display unit Battery method B
capacity, 300 mm diameter plate, pressure Plate bearing test apparatus, 200 kN operated with adaptor for 110-230 V
capacity, 300 mmdiameter plate, pressure
35-T1173/EL
gauge 0-50 kN range, 250 N divisions, Conforming to CNR N 146 method A
conforming to BS 1377:9 and CNR No 146 gauge 0-200 kN range, 10 N resolution, Plate bearing test apparatus, 200 kN capa-
35-T1171/EL city, 300, 450, 600 and 760 mm diameter
method "B", three dial gauges conforming to BS 1377:9 and CNR No 146
method "B", three dial gauges Plate bearing test apparatus, 100 kNca- plates, complete with pressure transducer,
Digital models pacity, 300 mm diameterplate, complete three linear displacement transducers and
35-T1173/D with pressure transducer, three linear Datalog8 data acquisition and display unit
35-T1170/D Plate bearing test apparatus, 200 kN capa- displacement transducers and Datalog8 Battery operated with adaptor for 110-230 V
Plate bearing test apparatus, 100 kN city, 300, 450, 600 and 760 cm diameter data acquisition and display unit Battery Conforming to ASTM D1194-D1195-D1196,
capacity, 300 mm diameter plate, digital plates, pressure gauge 0-200 kN range, operated with adaptor for 110-230V BS 1377:9 and CNR N 146 method B
162
COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | BEARING CAPACITY 35
82-P0324 82-P0700
82-P9008 Set of load plates, dial gauges,dial gauge supports and datum bar (partial view)
163
35 COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | BEARING CAPACITY
35-T0121
164
COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | BEARING CAPACITY 35
Load plate
Diameter: 300 x 20 mm
Total weight: 15 kg
Material: zinc coated steel
165
38 COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | SOIL PERMEABILITY
SOIL PERMEABILITY
Constant and Falling head apparatus
The permeability of soil is a very 38-T0184/A2 Falling head apparatus Ordering information
important factor in the study of Manometer stand with 3 manometer This apparatus is particularly suit- 38-T0185/1
the natural behaviour of soil with tubes able for fine-grained soils such as Falling head permeability cell, 100 mm
respect to water flow. The metal stand comprises 3 constant clay-like or silty soils with a per- internal diameter
Two different methods of testing bore tubes, a metre scale, nipples and meability in the range of 1x10-2 Complete with 75 micron gauze and 2 m
are proposed: connecting tubing
to 1x10-6 cm/s. The test is per- of tubing
Dimensions: 1150 x2 00 x 50 mm
Constant head apparatus
Weight: 3 kg (approx) formed with a permeability cell 38-T0185/2
(models 38-T0184/A1 to 38-T0184/A11) (38-T0185/1), which has to be
38-T0184/A3 Manometer stand, with 4 glass manome-
Particularly suitable for relatively connected to a manometer stand ter tubes, 1500 mm long, of 21, 12, 5 and
coarse-grained soil such as sands Constant level tank Manufactured from (38-T0185/2). During the test the 35 mm internal diameter
and gravel. acrylic glass Complete with inlet, outlet, cell is placed in a soaking tank Back panel dimensions: 1680x 280 mm
Falling head apparatus overflow, connecting tubing for the cell fitted with an overflow tube (38- Weight:36 kg(approx)
(models 38-T0185/1 to 38-T0185/4) and attachment for wall mounting
T0185/3). A vacuum pump can be 38-T0185/3
Dimensions: 250 x 155 x 160 mm
More appropriate for fine-grained connected to the cell to saturate
Weight: 26 kg (approx) Soaking reservoir, made from plated steel,
soils such as clay-like or silty soils. the sample before testing. See Ac-
38-T0184/A11 complete with overflow tube
cessories. Dimensions: 230 mm diameter x 230 mm
Constant head apparatus Tamping rod, 8 mm diameter x 300 mm
As an option, the apparatus can height
height
Standards be used with a suitable de-airing Weight: 23 kg (approx)
system such as the De-airing
ASTM D2434 | AASHTO T215 | BS 1377:5
apparatus (28-WF4202) with
De-airing tank (28-WF4220/A or
This test set includes a transpar- 28-WF4221/A), Vacuum pump
ent plastic permeability cell (avail- (86-D2001), Air drying unit (86-
able in two sizes: 75 and 114 mm D2005) and Vacuum control pan-
diameter), a stand with 3 manom- el (38-T085/4). See Accessories
eter tubes (38-T0184/A2) and a and general layout next page.
constant level tank (38-T0184/A3).
Ordering information
38-T0184/A1
Constant head permeability cell, 75mm
internal diameter, 3 take-off points
38-T0184/B1
38-T0185/1
Constant head permeability cell, 114mm with 38-T0185/3 and
internaldiameter, 6+6 (blanked) take-off 38-T0185/2
points
38-T0184/A3,
38-T01894/A2,
38-T0184/A1
166
COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | SOIL PERMEABILITY 38
28-WF4220/A
167
38 COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | SOIL PERMEABILITY
Compaction-mould
permeameters
The 4 (101.6 mm) diameter model
(38-T0180) is based on a standard
Proctor mould and the 6 (152.4
mm) diameter (38-T0181) on a
CBR mould. Both comprise mould
and collar, valve, water inlet or 38-T0179/B The wall mounted panels can be
outlet, perforated base plates and conveniently positioned at an appropriate height The
water reservoir can be easily adjusted in height up to
filter screens. The moulds are de-
the maximum height of 3850 mm for the selected
signed to prevent swelling of the constant head value
test specimen.
Weight:
38-T0180: 8 kg (approx)
38-T0181: 16 kg (approx)
38-T0180, 38-T0181
168
COMPACTED ROAD BASE AND SUBBASE SOILS | SOIL PERMEABILITY 38
Determination of dispersibility
38-T0186 38-T0189/A Accessories
Combined constant or Pinhole test apparatus 38-T0184/A3
falling head apparatus Standards Constant level tank
Standards
ASTM D4647 | BS 1377:5 38-T0184/A5
ASTM D2434 PVC tubing,10 mm OD, 8 mm ID, 10 m coil
Certain fine-grained soils with a
This apparatus can be used for ei- high sodium content are highly
ther the constant or falling head susceptible to erosion by the wa-
method, to determine the soil ter flowing through them. During
permeability. It consists of a two- the dispersibility test the flow of
section plastic chamber, a plated water through a cavity in the soil
steel top with gaskets, a plastic under a high hydraulic gradient
funnel reservoir (with a maximum is reproduced. The test appara-
head of 550 mm with the reser- tus consists of a cylindrical metal
voir upright) and a 100 cc pipette. container fitted with a water inlet
Also included are two porous at one end and an outlet connec-
stones, 63.5 mm diameter by 12.7 tion at the other, a standpipe tube
mm thick, with an average pore with scale, and a stand to support
size of 300 microns. the pinhole apparatus.
Weight: 45 kg (approx) Weigh:t 35 kg (approx)
Spare parts
38-T0186/1
Spare porous stone 635 mm dia x 127 mm
thick Pack of 5
38-T0189/A
38-T0186
169
Rocks
45 Rock mechanics
According to the Committee on Rock Mechanics, National Academy of Sciences, rock me-
chanics is a theoretical and applied science concerning the physical behaviour of rocks subjected to stress
conditions of different origin. In general terms, rock mechanics involves the study of underground works
such as tunnels and surface construction such as open quarries or dam foundations.
When a rock sample is subjected to defined stress conditions in the laboratory, the stress-strain diagram can
show behaviours of non linearity also for very small strains, hysteresis, anisotropy, fluage conditions, etc. All
these phenomena can be mathematically described.
This section proposes a complete range of testing equipment including Automatic test systems for the determina-
tion of Elastic Modulus and strength characteristics of rock specimens in uniaxial and triaxial conditions.
45 Rock mechanics
Tilt test apparatus 172 ADVANTEST, Automatic uniaxial
Profilometers 172 and triaxial test system 180
Rock shear box apparatus 172 Hoek cells 184
Rock classification hammer 173 Rock sample extruder 185
Rock picks 173 Strain gauges 185
Mohs hardness scale 173 Compression device 186
Rock strength index apparatus 174 Automatic uniaxial
Laboratory coring ma chine and bits 175 and triaxial test system 187
Cutting saw 176 Rock permeability test apparatus 188
Core trimmer and cut-off machine 177 Splitting tensile test device 189
Specimen grinding machine 178 Slake durability index apparatus 189
171
45 ROCK MECHANICS | BEHAVIOUR OF JOINTS
Behaviour of joints
The behaviour of joints is of particular interest: joints originate from geological failures; a break in the rock mass
continuity along which no visible displacement has occurred.
From a rock mechanics point of view, the discontinuities are characterized by a mechanical strength lower than
the original rock matrix and require detailed test investigations summarized as follows:
45-B0096 to slide over the lower one. From 45-D0566 upper being connected to two
the measured inclination angle it Profilometer (Barton comb), 300 mm rams for reversible shearing ac-
Tilt test. apparatus
is possible to evaluate the rough- length Weight 1 kg (approx) tion and the lower connected to
This device is used to calculate the ness index. a ram for normal load application.
JRC (Joint Roughness coefficient) The loads are recorded by Bour-
45-D0566/A
of a rock joint. It consists of an ad- Inclination angle: 0 to 50 don tube load gauges.
justable inclined plate, on which Overall dimensions: 265 x 170 x 260 mm Profilometer (Barton comb), 150 mm
length Weight 05 kg (approx) The normal loading system
the rock sample (maximum 100 Weight: 4 kg (approx) comes with an adjustable low-
mm diameter) is placed, sepa-
friction pressure maintainer to
rated along the surface where the Profilometers (Barton comb)
Rock shear box apparatus absorb any changes in the speci-
roughness is to be measured. The
men volume during the shearing
plate is then slowly tilted until the Standards
process and to ensure a constant
upper part of the sample starts ASTM D5607 | ISRM Suggested method vertical stress is maintained.
Specifications
Gauge range: 50 kN x 1 kN
Overall dimensions (loading frame only):
460 x 250 x 600 mm
Weight: 45 kg (approx)
48-D0548/A
172
ROCK MECHANICS | BEHAVIOUR OF JOINTS / CLASSIFICATION TESTS 45
Classification tests
Rock picks
Used for preliminary rock identi-
fication.
45-D1710
Rock pick with pointed tip
Weight: 650 g (approx)
45-D1711
Rock pick with chisel edge
Weight: 550 g (approx)
45-D0561 Accessories
Rock classification hammer
45-D0562/A
Standards
ASTM rock cradle
ASTM D5873 | ISRM Suggested method This universal cradle can hold rock core
Used to measure the rebound in- samples with diameters from EX (2146
dex on rock cores and samples. It mm) to NX (5474 mm) size and greater
45-D1710, 45-D1711
The cradle comprises a vertical hammer
is similar to the one used for test-
45-D0548/D: Detail of the shear box apparatus guide fitted to a steel plate of minimum
fitted with 5 displacement transducers ing concrete, but has a different mass conforming to ASTM D5873
level of impact energy: 0.74 Nm. Mohs hardness scale set
Rock cores are positioned hori- Dimensions: 220 mm diameter x 420 mm
Ordering information zontally and the rebound index height (approx) 45-D0529
is obtained from the average of Weight: 27 kg (approx) Mohs hardness scale Set of 9 mineral
45-D0548/A several measurements performed specimens
Rock shear box apparatus conforming to perpendicularly to the longitu-
ASTM and ISRM suggested method dinal axis, using the ASTM Rock 58-C0184
cradle (45-D0562/A - see Acces- Calibration anvil
45-D0548/D sories) as shown in the picture.
Digital rock shear apparatus to ASTM and Standards
ISRM suggested method Weight: 15 kg (approx) EN 12504-2 | ASTM C805 | ASTM D5873
45-D0548/8
Spare shear box
45-P0070/6 58-C0184
Excel template for data processing
according to ASTM D5607
173
45 ROCK MECHANICS | CLASSIFICATION TESTS
main features
> Light and portable unit
> Sample sizes up to 102mm diameter
> Accepts irregularly shaped samples 45-D0550/E during operation
45-D0550/E
45-D0550/D5
174
ROCK MECHANICS | SPECIMEN PREPARATION 45
Specimen preparation
Laboratory coring machine Accessories
and bits Drill bits with spigot adaptors
This machine is specifically used
in the laboratory for cutting core Code Description Specimen diameter Effective length D.C.D.M.A.
reference
samples from hard materials such mm inches mm
as rock and concrete. A clamp 45-C0342 Diamond core bit for 2146 0850 110 EX
is provided to firmly secure the 45-C0343 Diamond core bit for 3010 1185 110 AX
material during the cutting cycle. 45-C0344 Diamond core bit for 3810 1500 110 15 in
The coring area is protected with
45-C0345 Diamond core bit for 4204 1655 120 BX
a transparent cylinder. A special
45-C0346 Diamond core bit for 5474 2155 140 NX
clamping device for preparing
rock samples from core pieces is 45-C0347 Diamond core bit for 635 25 150 HQ
also available - see Accessories.
Note: drill bits are not included. Clamping device
45-C0331
Technical specifications Clamping device for cores with a maxi-
mum diameter of 100 mm, complete with
- Power unit: 1800 W
transparent guard
- Coring speed: 1485/2720 rpm
- Coring range: from 8 to 60 mm diameter
- Dimensions of the base tray assembly:
600 x 500 x 200 mm
- Weight: 80 kg (approx)
Ordering information
45-C0330
Laboratory coring machine, 2-speed,
complete with water inlet
230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph
45-C0330/Z
As above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
45-C0331 45-C0330 with core bit, taking sample from a large rock core
175
45 ROCK MECHANICS | SPECIMEN PREPARATION
176
ROCK MECHANICS | SPECIMEN PREPARATION 45
Core trimmer and cut-off The machine can be fitted with ei-
machine ther a cutting blade or a double-
Standards ASTM D4543 faced cup wheel for surfacing the
ends of cylindrical specimens.
This machine is used to obtain
Note: blade, cup wheel and water pump
perfectly machined rock samples
are not included and have to be ordered
(cubes, prisms, etc.) from irregular separately - see Accessories
rock or core pieces. It is supplied
complete with a standard vice to Specifications
hold irregular pieces (up to ap-
Power: 1100 W
prox. 70 x 140mm) firmly in place,
Blade speed: 3000 rpm
and a V device for cores up to Dimensions:
75mm diameter x 140 mm height. 730 x 1050 x 590 mm (approx)
Longer cores can be machined by Weight: 100 kg (approx)
turning the sample upside down
in the device. The machine also Ordering information
includes a cooling water inlet and
transparent cover, conforming to 45-D0536/A 45-D0536/A, detail of spindle with clamping mechanism and cutting blade 45-D0536/2
CE requirements, with a switch Laboratory core trimmer and cut-off
that automatically stops the ma- machine complete with water inlet
chine when its opened. 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph
45-D0536/AY
As above but 220 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
45-D0536/AZ
As above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
45-D0536/A, detail of spindle with clamping mechanism and double-faced cup wheel 45-D0536/A3
during surface grinding of cylindrical specimen ends
45-D0536/A3,
45-D0536/A with cutting blade 45-D0536/2 45-D0536/2
177
45 ROCK MECHANICS | SPECIMEN PREPARATION
45-D0534/C 45-D0534/B
178
ROCK MECHANICS | STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY TESTS 45
179
45 ROCK MECHANICS | ADVANCED AUTOMATIC UNIAXIAL AND TRIAXIAL TEST SYSTEM
ADVANTEST ROCK
> For determining elastic and Poisson modulae and strength characteri-
stics of rock specimens under uniaxial and triaxial conditions
> Automatic performance of triaxial tests with individual but combined
control of axial load and confining pressure including stress-path
procedure
> Fully customizable test procedure including axial and later pressure
combining laws
> Fully integrated data acquisition and results elaboration including
strength envelope diagrammimg
Our Automatic Rock Mechanics test systems are designed for testing vari-
ous materials, from soft sandstone to high-strength basaltic samples.
Triaxial tests with multiple failure stages are carried out automatically,
making it possible to plot the entire failure path from a single specimen.
The complete test system includes:
ADVANTEST Rock Servo- ment and strain-controlled test- approaches peak strength, the or 5000 kN).
hydraulic control console ing of concrete, fibre-reinforced cell pressure is further increased. For more information see page 216
For Uniaxial and Triaxial tests concrete and Shotcrete etc. The above procedure is automati- EN 12390-4 compression frames.
For application of load in con- cally repeated several times.
formance with the relevant stand- Sercomp 7 Rock Servo- When maximum peak strength is Accessories
ards. hydraulic control console reached, the test is continued. Hoek cells (for triaxial tests), see page 184
The ADVANTEST Rock (45-C9842/ For Triaxial tests Cell pressure is reduced in steps Strain gauges and accessories (for uniaxial
RCK) manages strain-controlled For control of confining pressure. and, for each step, the residual and triaxial tests), see page 185
load-unload ramps automati- The Sercomp unit (45-C7022/ strength is measured. Sample extruders, see page 185
cally and includes a dedicated RCK) has been specifically de- All the peak strengths are plotted Compression device (for Uniaxial tests)
software module for testing rock signed for triaxial rock testing and against the corresponding values see page 186
under triaxial conditions, applying works as a remotely-controlled of cell pressure, thus building the For a typical configuration of an Automatic
confining pressures at definable pressure unit, managed by the complete failure path. triaxial test system, see page 186,187
values. When the specimen ap- ADVANTEST Rock control console.
proaches failure, the system auto- With the tests carried out under High-stiffness compression
matically and instantaneously in- displacement controller condi- testing frame
creases the confining pressure to tions the cell pressure is main- For Uniaxial and Triaxial tests
the next defined value to increase tained constant and axial stress
the specimens strength. Several different frames are avail-
is increased. When the sample able - the appropriate one should
It is therefore possible to build the approaches peak strength, the be selected according to the size
complete failure path using a sin- cell pressure is automatically in- and expected strength of the
gle specimen (multi-stage triaxial creased up to a defined level. test specimens. Due to the typi-
tests). Cell pressure is again maintained cal high strength and fragility of
The ADVANTEST Rock can also constant and axial stress is in- rocks we recommend using the
be used for load, stress, displace- creased. When the sample again higher capacity frames (4000 kN
180
ROCK MECHANICS | ADVANCED AUTOMATIC UNIAXIAL AND TRIAXIAL TEST SYSTEM 45
Load transducers
(load cell or pressure transducer
selectable for feedback)
Sample deformation transducers
(selectable for feedback)
Sample deformation transducers
(only reading)
Oil out
HOEK Cell pressure transducer
HOEK Cell
Channel 9, 10, 11, 12 Channel 5, 6, 7, 8
Oil out 1, 2, 3, 4
Oil out 1
COM 2 COM 1
181
45 ROCK MECHANICS | ADVANCED AUTOMATIC UNIAXIAL AND TRIAXIAL TEST SYSTEM
Stress-path triaxial test on rock performed under strain control for post peak evaluation
182
ROCK MECHANICS | ADVANCED AUTOMATIC UNIAXIAL AND TRIAXIAL TEST SYSTEM 45
ADVANTEST, virtual gauges indicating the real-time readings of the sensors both in engineering units
and as a percentage of the full scale An excellent tool for transducer positioning
400 400
Vertical stress, (N/mm2)
350 350
Vertical stress, (N/mm2)
300 300
250 250
200 200
150 150
100 100
50 50
0 0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000
600
0,30
E (kN/mm2)
500
0,25
400
0,20
300 0,15
200 0,10
100 0,05
0,00
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
183
45 ROCK MECHANICS | AUTOMATIC UNIAXIAL AND TRIAXIAL TEST SYSTEM
184
ROCK MECHANICS | AUTOMATIC UNIAXIAL AND TRIAXIAL TEST SYSTEM 45
45-D0577/A Specifications
Ordering information
82-P0390
Strain gauge, 10 mm gauge length
Pack of 10
82-P0391
Strain gauge, 20 mm gauge length Pack
of 10
45-D0577/A with adapter 82-P0392
Extruder adapter sets, comprising adapter plate, support cell body and Strain gauge, 30 mm gauge length Pack
of 10 Detail of rock sample fitted with 3 strain gauges
shaft head.
82-P0393
Code D.C.D.M.A. For use Weight
reference with cell (kg) Strain gauge, 60 mm gauge length Pack
of 10
45-D0577/1 AX 45-D0553 17
82-P0399/1
45-D0577/2 15 in 45-D0554 17
Connecting terminals, 50-pair sheet
45-D0577/3 BX 45-D0555 15
45-D0577/4 NX 45-D0556 15 82-P0399/B
45-D0577/5 HQ 45-D0557 15 Strain gauge application kit comprising:
conditioner, neutralizer, acetone, two
tweezers, adhesive and catalyst agent,
Strain gauges for uniaxial and triaxial tests 100 m of bipolar cable, solder, electric
welder and carrying case
Strain gauges provide a very accurate electrical signal which is directly 82-P0398 82-P0399/B Application kit
proportional to deformation. When attached to the surface of a speci- Compensation device for up to 4
men submitted to an application of load, the measurements can be Wheatstone bridge gauges with or
used to determine the elastic modulus and strength characteristics of bridge setup
the specimen. The gauges can be applied to the specimen surface us-
ing a special adhesive-catalyst agent and other accessories, which are all Spare parts
included in the Strain gauge application kit (82-P0399/B). 82-P0399/P22
Up to four bridge strain gauges and eight bridge gauges can be Adhesive and catalyst agent for gluing
connected, via interface 82-P0398, to the ADVANTEST Rock control con- strain gauges to the specimen
sole. In the same way other additional strain gauges can be connected
82-P0398
to the Sercomp 7 Rock (for triaxial tests).
In the Semi-automatic systems, the gauges can be connected, via one
or two interfaces (82-P0398), to a suitable data logger. See page 552
185
45 ROCK MECHANICS | ADVANCED AUTOMATIC UNIAXIAL AND TRIAXIAL TEST SYSTEM
Compression device for Typical configuration of the advanced automatic stress path system for
uniaxial tests uniaxial and triaxial tests on rock specimens
Standards
Code Description Q.ty Q.ty
ASTM D2938 Uniaxial Triaxial
Axial load system
The apparatus consists of a two- ADVANTEST Rock servo-hydraulic
column frame fitted with an up- 45-C9842/RCK 1 1
control console
per platen with a spherical seat 86-D2999 PC cabinet (optional) 1 1
that moves vertically, sustained 50-C68Z00 Compression frame, 4000 kN capacity 1 1
by a spring. The lower platen is Special calibration of digital load unit assuring
fitted to the base. It is suitable for 50-C0050/CAL 1 1
Class 1 from 1% of full scale
use with a compression frame, as Upgrading of the 50-C68xxx series compression
part of the Automatic or Semi-au- 50-Q0050/P8 1 1
frame with bottom platen anti-fall safety system
tomatic testing systems for rock 45-D9035 Distance piece, 200 x 100 mm
uniaxial tests. 50-C9086/P 2 1
(dia x h with threaded centering pin
50-C9083/P As above but 200 x 68 mm 3 2
Specifications 50-C9082/P As above but 200 x 50 mm 1 1
45-D9035
- Maximum load capacity: 800 kN Confining pressure system
Compression device for rock core speci- - Platen dimensions:
mens with dia 50 to 55 mm and with 45-C7022/RCK Sercomp 7 Rock control unit - 1
55 mm diameter x 28 mm thick Triaxial components
height 100 to 110 mm
- Platen minimum hardness: 58 HRC
45-D0556(1) Hoek cell, NX, 547 mm diameter - 1
- Vertical clearance: 112 mm
45-D0556/A Pair of load spreaders - 1
- Overall dimensions:
145 mm diameter x 280 mm height 45-D0556/B Distance pad - 1
- Weight: 15 kg (approx) 45-D0556/1(1) Spare rubber sleeve - 5
45-D0577/A Rock sample extruder - 1
45-D0577/4(1) Extruder adapter set for NX samples - 1
45-D0556/H Holding device for Hoek cells - 1
Uniaxial components
Compression device for samples up to 55 mm
45-D9035 1 -
diameter x 110 mm height
Strain measurement (Select suitable strain gauges from the models listed below)
82-P0398 Electrical compensation device 1 1
82-P0399/B Strain gauge application kit 1 1
82-P0331/2 82-P0399/1 Connecting terminals, 50 pairs 1 1
82-P0390 10 mm strain gauge, 10 pieces 1 1
82-P0391 20 mm strain gauge, 10 pieces 1 1
82-P0392 30 mm strain gauge, 10 pieces 1 1
82-P0393 60 mm strain gauge, 10 pieces 1 1
82-D1260 with 82-P0331/C Excel template for uniaxial tests, with stress-
82-P0070/3 strain analysis, elastic modulus and Poissons 1 1
ratio processing
Excel template for triaxial tests, with stress-
82-P0070/4 - 1
strain analysis and failure envelope processing
Post-peak evaluation
(The following items are required, in displacement-controlled testing under triaxial conditions, to
perform automatic failure path test (multi-stage) and to evaluate
the post-peak behavior of the specimen)
82-P0331/C1 High-precision LVDT transducer, 10 mm travel - 3
82-P0331/2 Electrical averaging device for 2 or 3 transducers - 1
82-D1260 Magnetic transducer holder - 3
(1)Other models are available See Hoek cells and Rock sample extruder on page 184,185
186
ROCK MECHANICS | AUTOMATIC UNIAXIAL AND TRIAXIAL TEST SYSTEM 45
(1) Other models are available See Hoek cells and Rock sample extruder on page 184,185
187
45 ROCK MECHANICS | ROCK PERMEABILITY
Rock permeability
This test is performed to measure the water flow through a rock specimen contained in a Hoek cell and sub-
jected to a high confining pressure. The hydraulic gradient within the rock sample is supplied by a constant
pressure apparatus and the water permeating the sample is collected in a burette. A couple of end caps are also
necessary to fit the Hoek cell.
28-WF4312 with Hoek cell, Permeability end caps, burette, support base and metal/glass sleeve
188
ROCK MECHANICS | SPLITTING TENSILE TEST AND SLAKE DURABILITY 45
189
Aggregates
47 Geometrical properties
48 Mechanical and physical properties
Mineral aggregates are used in all fields of the construction industry to produce bituminous
mixtures, concrete, mortars to be used in structures, fill materials, railway ballast, etc. For this reason we
have given particular attention to all testing methods. The new EN standards, which in the majority of cases
correspond to ASTM and old National standards, have grouped all tests on aggregates in five main subjects:
Tests for general properties of aggregates / Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates / Tests for me-
chanical and physical properties of aggregates / Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates
/ Tests for chemical properties of aggregate.
Sections 47 and 48 include all testing equipments required by the above specifications.
47 Geometrical properties
Riffle boxes (Sample splitters) 192 Abrasion testing machine
Test sieves 192 for natural stones and concrete tiles 202
Bar sieves (Grids) 193 Bhme abrasion tester 202
Flakiness, Thickness and Length gauges 194 Impact testing machine 202
Shape index gauge 194 Aggregates crushing value apparatus 203
Efflux index apparatus 194 Crushing resistance apparatus
Proportional caliper 194 for lightweight aggregates 203
Sand equivalent test apparatus 195 Scratch hardness apparatus 203
Methylene blue test set 196 Bulk density measures 204
Clay, silt and dust in fine aggregates Filler compaction apparatus 204
by the Andreasen pipette 196 Specific gravity frame and Density baskets 204
Digital Air Jet sieve shaker 196 Pyknometers 205
Chapman flask 205
Microlance, instant moisture
48 Mechanical and physical properties
Los Angeles machine 197 and temperature tester 206
Micro-Deval testing machine 198 Temperature controlled cabinets
Deval abrasion test machine 199 (Climatic chambers) 207
AAV Abrasion machine 199 Magnesium sulphate test set 207
Accelerated polishing machine 200 Drying shrinkage prism mould 208
Skid resistance and friction tester 201 Reaction container 209
Dietrich Frhling gasometer 209
Graduated impurities test bottles 209
Quantab titrators 210
Jaw laboratory crusher and Jar mills 210
Hammer mill 211
Jar mills 211
47 AGGREGATES | GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES
Sampling
Riffle boxes (Sample splitters) Large capacity sample splitter EN Test sieves
Standards Standards
15-D0430
EN 932-1 | 932-2 | ASTM C136 | ASTM C702 | AASHTO T27 Large capacity sample splitter EN 933-2 | ISO 3310-1 | ISO 3310-2 |
Note: for complete details and information see pages 21 ISO 565
200 to 450 mm diameter woven cloth and
perforated metal plate sieves
15-D0430
15-D0438 to 15-D0438/H delivered with 3 pans
86-D1180/1, 16-D1179/A
192
AGGREGATES | GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES 47
193
47 AGGREGATES | GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES
EN 933-4 | 933-5 | 933-7 | DIN 4226 | CNR N 95 | NLT 354 ASTM D4791
Used to determine the shape factor of aggregates. Supplied complete 47-D1656
with carrying case. Proportional caliper conforming to ASTM D4791
Dimensions (case): 470 x 170 x 50 mm
Net weight: 500 g Used for the rapid and easy determination of percentage of flat parti-
cles, elongated particles, or both in coarse aggregate fractions of 9.5
Ordering information mm (3/8) or larger.
47-D0542 It consists of a 6" x 16" (152.4 x 406.4 mm) base plate with four rubber
Shape index gauge feet, two fixed posts and a 13 (330 mm) pivoting arm. The positioning
of the pivoting arm allows ratios of 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, or 1:5 to be obtained.
47-D0542/A
Weight: 32 kg (approx)
Shape index gauge with traceable certificate
47-D1656
47-D0542
47-D0516/A
194
AGGREGATES | GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES 47
47-T0056/B
47-T0056/C
47-T0050/B with 47-T0050/7 The 47-T0050/C version is identical except for the graduation of the
cylinders andsome small differences in the weighted foot
195
47 AGGREGATES | GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES
47-D0439/C
196
AGGREGATES | MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 48
197
48 AGGREGATES | MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
48-D5242
48-D5242 with two 48-D0524/8 cylinders, 200 mm diameter, 400 mm long
198
AGGREGATES | MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 48
48-D0523
Accessories
86-D1672
Soft hair brush, 3 mm diameter
48-D0522/2
Graded sand, 50 kg sack
199
48 AGGREGATES | MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Standards
main features
> Fully conforms with EN 1097-8
> Advanced digital interface for programming test steps and pauses
> Independent control of the two feeders
> Digital control of speed rotation
> Full protection of all the moving part areas with safety switch
> Removable water tank, easy to refill
200
AGGREGATES | MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 48
201
48 AGGREGATES | MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
48-D5272
202
AGGREGATES | MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 48
Ordering information
48-D0510
Aggregate crushing value apparatus, 150
mm diameter Weights (approx) 165 kg
48-D0511
Aggregate crushing value apparatus, 75
mm diameter Weights (approx) 35 kg
48-D0515/A 48-D0512
EN 13055-1
Crushing resistance
apparatus for lightweight
aggregates
Two versions are available:
Method 1: 48-D0512, apparatus
with cylinder with inner diameter
113 mm;
203
48 AGGREGATES | MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
loose bulk density the voids of dry particle density and 11-D0612/B
Specific gravity frame
and voids compacted filler water absorption 11-D0612
Standards Standards Standards Density basket, stainless steel, 200 mm
EN 1097-3 EN 1097-4 | BS 812 | NLT 177 | EN 1097-6 | EN 12390-7 | BS 812 | BS diameter x 200 mm height, 336 mm
mesh size (No 6 ASTM)
In terms of operating principles, also CNR N23 1881:14 | UNI 6394-2
comparable with: ASTM C29, ISO 6872, 11-D0612/1
48-D0447 Density basket, stainless steel, 250 mm
BS 812, UNI 8520-6, CNR N 62, Only the apparatus produced
CNR N 63 and CNR N 64 diameter x 250 mm height, 336 mm
Filler compaction apparatus specifically for the test are de- mesh size Suitable for up to 15 kg of
scribed here. Many other items aggregates
This apparatus is used for the de-
Bulk density measures of laboratory equipment such as
termination of the voids content 11-D0630/30
balances, ovens, sieves and con-
Stainless steel construction with of dry compacted filler. It consists Electronic top loading balance, 30 kg
tainers are required for this group
handles. The top rim is smooth essentially of three components: capacity, 05 g resolution
of tests, especially since the in-
and plane and parallel to the - A metal base sized 100x150 troduction of the new EN 1097-
bottom in accordance with the mm; 6 Standard, which encompasses
standards.
- A cylinder 25 mm inner more methods than those speci-
diameter; fied by the national Standards.
Ordering information
- A plunger of a diameter that For more information ask for our
48-D0446/1 allows it to slide freely in the Buyers Guide which details each
Bulk density measure, 1 litre capacity cylinder without lateral play. individual Standard.
Weight: 14 kg (approx) - It can be fitted with a Blow
48-D0446/5 counter kit - see Accessories. Specific gravity frame and
Bulk density measure, 5 litre capacity Weight: 35 kg (approx) Density baskets
Weight: 49 kg (approx) This apparatus is used, together
48-D0446/10 Accessories with a suitable electronic balance,
Bulk density measure, 10 litre capacity 48-D0447/1 for determining the specific grav-
Weight: 74 kg (approx) Blow counter kit ity of aggregates. A purpose built
48-D0446/20 robust frame supports the elec-
48-D0447/2 tronic balance, while the lower
Bulk density measure, 20 litre capacity Filter paper, 25 mm diameter Pack of 100 part of the frame incorporates
Weight: 119 kg (approx)
a moving platform which holds
Accessories the water container, allowing test
specimens to be weighed in both
34-T0099 air and water. 11-D0612/B with 11-D0612/1 Density basket
Straight edge The balance is not included and
and 11-D0630/30 electronic balance
204
AGGREGATES | MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 48
Pyknometers 86-D1042
Pyknometer, 2000 ml capacity, complete
Aggregate density by Surface moisture
We produce two series of pyk-
nometers: with stopper water displacement: of fine aggregates:
86-D1040 to 86-D1042 series BS method ASTM method
suitable for aggregate particles Standards Standards
passing the 4 mm test sieve and
retained on the 0.063 mm test BS 812 ASTM C70, AASHTO T142
sieve; 48-D0442 48-D0460
86-D1037 to 86-D1038 wide-
necked series suitable for aggre- Volumeter for coarse Chapman flask
gate particles passing the 31.5 aggregates
Used for determining the amount
mm test sieve and retained on Used to determine the density of of surface moisture in fine aggre-
the 4 mm test sieve. coarse aggregates, this appara- gates. The flask is graduated to
Weights: from 05 to 1 kg each (approx) tus consists of a cylindrical metal 200 ml between the two bulbs
container 163 mm diameter and and from 375 to 450 ml above the
Ordering information 370 mm high, fitted with a siphon second bulb.
Wide-necked pyknometers for 4 to 315 tube 250 mm from the base. Weight: 500 g (approx)
mm particle sizes Weight: 25 kg (approx)
86-D1040, 86-D1041
86-D1037
Accessories
Wide-necked pyknometer, 500 ml
capacity, complete with stopper, capillary 86-D1004
48-D0441
tube and funnel Graduated glass cylinder 250 ml capacity
Glass jar supplied complete with cone and
86-D1038 rubber seal
Wide-necked pyknometer, 1000 ml Capacity: 1 kg
capacity, complete with stopper, capillary Weight approx: 500 g
tube and funnel
48-D0440
205
48 AGGREGATES | MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
measurement of > Suitable for sands, aggregates, building materials and mixes
sand, aggregates, > Provides quick on-site moisture measurement from small batches to
hundreds of tons
building materials > Ideal in the processes of concrete manufacture, brick making, ceramics etc
and mixes
48-D0462
Microlance instant moisture
and temperature tester
This instrument measures the
moisture and temperature of
building materials at depths up to
1 m approx., simply by insertion.
The digital readings are shown
instantly. The Microlance has a
built-in computer, which gives
it the flexibility to handle a wide
range of materials and water
contents. The meter comes with
standard calibration for sands
and aggregates, but is easily re-
calibrated in the field for virtually
any material or mixture using the
built-in Autocalfacility.
Complete with calibration certifi-
cate.
Technical specifications
48-D0462 in different working positions
- Battery: 4x15 V AA cells
- Typical range: Moisture 0-35%; Tempe-
rature -20 to 60C 48-D0462 Detail
- Resolution: Moisture 01%; Temperature
01C
- Accuracy: Moisture: better than 05%
over a given range; Temperature: better
than 05C
- Measurement principles:
Moisture: temperature compensated
electric field
Temperature: BS 1904 DIN 751
- Platinum resistance detector
- Total length: 12 m (approx)
- Weight: 2 kg (approx)
206
AGGREGATES | THERMAL AND WEATHERING PROPERTIES 48
Standards inside the sample, in conformance with requirements of the standards EN 1367-2
EN 1367-1 > High accuracy: 1C, 5%RH (RH with 10-D1429/A model only) Also comparable to: ASTM C88, UNE
7136 and UNI 8520-10
Also comparable to: ASTM C671, ASTM > A multipurpose climatic chamber suitable for testing applications in ag-
C682, BS 812:124, UNI 8520-20 and gregates, cement, concrete, bricks, blocks, asphalt and other construction
CNR N 80 materials Only the apparatus produced
> Optional internal data recording facility, data output port and dedicated specifically for the test are de-
PC software scribed here. Many other items
Two versions of this advanced cli-
of laboratory equipment such as
matic chamber are offered:
balances, ovens and sieves are
- 10-D1429 - temperature also required. For more informa-
controlled from -25 to +60C, 10-D1429 Accessories tion ask for our Buyers Guide.
for testing aggregates in Temperature controlled cabinet, 520 litre 10-D1429/REC
conformance with EN 1367- capacity, temperature range Stainless steel basket,
1 as well as other similar Upgrade of the cabinet controller with
-25 to +60C 230V, 50-60Hz, 1ph Container and Hydrometer
tests on concrete and other internal data recording facility, data output
10-D1429/Z port and dedicated PC software Ordering information
construction materials, and As above but 110V, 60Hz, 1ph Note: This upgrade must be factory
- 10-D1429/A- temperature 10-D1429/A installed 48-D0612/11
and humidity controlled from Temperature and humidity controlled 48-D0457 Stainless steel mesh basket, 120 mm dia-
-25 to +60C and 10 to 95% cabinet, 520 litre capacity, temperature meter x 160 mm high, 335 mm openings
Metal can, 2000 ml capacity with remo-
respectively, for aggregates range -25 to +60C, humidity range from Weight: 03 kg (approx)
vable lid and 1kg ballast Conforming to
and various other applications 10 to 95% 230V, 50-60Hz, 1ph EN 1367-1 Used, in conjunction with the
such as concrete and cement 10-D1429/AZ 86-D1348
10-D1429 Temperature controlled cabinet,
specimen curing (EN 12390-2, As above but 110V, 60Hz, 1ph Lever lid container, 180 x 240 mm diameter
for determining the resistance to freezing
EN 196-1). and thawing of aggregates including Weight: 02 kg (approx)
Both models can be upgraded lightweight types 48-D0452
with an internal data recording fa- Weight: 25 kg (approx)
Hydrometer range 1200 to 1300 g/ml, ac-
cility, data output port and dedi- curacy 0001 g/ml
cated PC software. See accessory Weight: 01 kg (approx)
10-D1429/REC.
For the determination of resist-
ance to freezing and thawing of
aggregates, the accessory 48-
D0457 should be used - see Ac-
cessories.
For a complete description and full
product information see page 7
Ordering information
48-D0612/11
207
48 AGGREGATES | THERMAL AND WEATHERING PROPERTIES
48-D0612/A3, 48-D0612/A2
48-D0453
10-D1419
208
AGGREGATES | CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 48
Standards Used for determining the di- 48-D0570 ASTM C40 | AASHTO T21 | UNI 8020-14
ASTM C289 | NF P94-048 | UNI 85209-22 mensional variations of mortar Dietrich-Frhling Gasometer
specimens caused by alkalis and Test bottles
hydroxides. Made of steel with This apparatus is used for the de-
This test method covers chemi- termination of CaCO3, especially Ordering information
minimum surface hardness of HV
cal determination of the potential 200, gauge lenght 294 mm. in limestone and lime marl. It con- 48-D1090
reactivity of an aggregate with sists of a glass container in which
Weight: 45 kg (approx) Graduated impurities test bottles, 500 ml,
alkalis in Portland-cement con- the reaction between the calcium
conforming to ASTM C40
crete. Only the specific Reaction carbonate contained in the prod-
Accessories Weight: 02 kg (approx)
container required for perform- uct and a solution of hydrochloric
ing the test is described here but 62-L0035/A acid takes place. The gas given off 48-D1091
other apparatus are also needed, Length comparator, digital gauge is collected within the container. Graduated impurities test bottle, 1000 ml
for example, grinding equipment 125x0001 mm, with output for PC By measuring the volume of gas
Weight: 03 kg (approx)
(see 48-D0544 page), constant connection (special cable required, see (CO2) given off, the quantity of
temperature water bath (see 82-D1261/LINK) For more information CaCO3 contained in the sample
76-B0066/A page 453), scales, bal- see page 341 can be calculated.
ances, glassware, etc. For more 82-D1261/LINK Dimensions of gasometer (assembled):
information ask for our Buyers Serial cable for PC connection 400 x 200 x 1100 mm (approx)
guide. The UNI 8520-22 standard Weight: 12 kg (approx)
62-L0034/11
also requires Three-gang prism
Reference rod Gauge length 294 mm
moulds 25 x 25 x 280 mm, for de-
termining the dimensional varia- Spare parts
tions caused by alkalis.
62-L0009/1
48-D0545 Spare plugs for 62-L0009/A Pack of 20
pieces
Reaction container
Made from stainless steel and fit- 48-D0850/A
ted with an airtight cover. Color standard glass scale 48-D1090, 48D1091
Capacity: 59 cm3 approx Standards
Inner diameter: 381 mm
Weight: 2 kg (approx) ASTM C40
48-D0545
48-D0850/A
209
48 AGGREGATES | CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
48-D0543, 48-D0453/A
48-D0530/A
210
AGGREGATES | CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 48
48-D0544/1, 48-D0544/2
48-D0544
48-D0535/A
211
Concrete Testing
50 Compression testing machines,
Machine parts, Flexural frames and accessories,
Advanced Testing Systems
54 Fresh Concrete Testing 255
Concrete structures are a great deal more than sand, gravel, cement and water stirred up and left
to harden into usefully shaped lumps. Considerable care and knowledge are required to produce quality con-
crete. We propose a complete range of testing equipment to satisfy all the EN and other National Standards.
This section includes the widest range available today of Advanced Automatic, Semi-automatic compres-
sion testers and Automatic Testing Systems which satisfy all requirements.
The pages which follow should guide you in the identification of your ideal machine or system, and at the same
time, present a summary of our products which, we believe, are the most complete, modern and advanced
available in the world market today.
kN kN kN kN kN Machine capacity
Semi-automatic, 2 channels
1500 2000 3000 4000 5000 2 digital readout display
Additional information
available
214
50
SELECTION CRITERIA
Basic components: Frame and Power Control System (PCS) The other important component is the Power and Control System (PCS
The compression testers are primarily characterized by the current test- for short) which also refers to the Standards in terms, mainly, of load ap-
ing Standards (e.g. ASTM/AASHTO or EN) which prescribe the shape and plication, strength measurement and accuracy.
dimensions of specimens (e.g. cylinders, cubes or blocks). This require- We propose four versions, WIZARD 2 Semi-automatic, DIGIMAX3 Semi-
ment determines the type of frame (capacity, spherical seat, compression automatic, Pilot and Automax Automatic testing systems. The following
platen dimensions). table summarize the most common configurations.
kN kN kN
Compression testers 1500 2000 3000 ASTM C39
ASTM
For Cylinders WIZARD 2 | PILOT AASHTO T22
222
K lbf K lbf K lbf
335 450 660
kN ASTM C39
Compression testers 3000 AASHTO T22
ASTM PILOT 224
For Blocks and Cylinders K lbf ASTM C140
660 ASTM C1314
Machine class
DIGIMAX3, PILOT and AUTOMAX PCS are also available housed in a All models are supplied in Class 1 to EN 12390-4 (corresponding to ASTM
stand-alone console (SMART-Line version), for connection and control E74 Class A) starting from the 10% of the full range as standard, but with
of up to 3 different frames (up to 2 frames for DIGIMAX3 PCS), including a special calibration procedure identified by the code 50-C0050/CAL,
flexural and cement compression frames. See page 237 we can grant Class 1 starting from 1% of the full range.
215
50 CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS
Cubes Cylinders
up to 300* mm up to dia.
160 x 320 mm,
250 x 500* mm
*With the 4000 and 5000 kN versions only
This serie is proposed with different power and control systems (PCS):
3 Note Also available, as alternative, the
configuration with WIZARD 2, Semi-
Super-automatic system with Automatic system with closed Semi-automatic power automatic power and control system
closed loop control loop control and control system See page 232
Common specifications
Frame data management and reporting Fragment guard lock switch Explosion proof test kit
Four column rigid welded steel is provided with optional soft- Prevents test execution with the safety Upgrading kit comprehending: safety
construction. EN heavy duty ware DATAMANAGER 82-SW/DM guard open cables securing the upper platen to the
spherical seat allows free align- (not suitable for WIZARD 2 PCS). 50-C50/P frame, metallic perforated fragment guard
ment at the initial contact with the See page 238 and bottom platen anti-fall safety system
For 4000kN and 5000kN testers with AUTO-
specimen. Ram travel 50 mm. MAX PCS and for testers with PILOT PCS 50-C59/EK
Test Accessories Explosion proof test kit for C56xxx series
Compression Platens
50-C50/P1
These machines can be equipped 50-C69/EK
See physical specifications table. with accessories to perform: For 2000kN and 3000kN testers with
AUTOMAX PCS Explosion proof test kit for C68xxx
Splitting tensile test
Safety Features
Compression on cement samples
50-C50/P2 50-C79/EK
Max. pressure valve to avoid ma- For testers with DIGIMAX and WIZARD PCS
Flexural test on concrete beams Explosion proof test kit for C78xxx
chine overloading, piston travel
Special calibration procedure Note: for testing high strength / explosive
limit switch, emergency stop but- Upgrading Options See page 240 failure specimens we strongly recommend
ton, front door and rear fragment the use of distance pieces complete with
Additional testing frame Certified platen hardness
guard. threaded centering pin See page 242
connection See page 240
For WIZARD 2 and DIGIMAX 3 PCS
Machine Accessories
See page 232, 233
- Distance pieces to reduce the vertical Frame physical specifications
For PILOT and AUTOMAX PCS
daylight
See page 236 model 50- C46xxx C56xxx C68xxx C78xxx
- Frame pedestal
Printer installation Cap. kN 2000 3000 4000 5000
Software For WIZARD 2 and DIGIMAX 3 PCS
Max. vertical daylight mm 350 350 525 525
All our PCS are supplied complete See page 232, 233
with the 82-SW/TRM software al- For PILOT and AUTOMAX PCS Horizontal daylight mm 350 370 425 390
lowing real time and deferred See page 236
Platen dimensions, mm dia 300 305 x 305
test data download to PC. Full
Surface hardness 53 HRC (550HV)
Flatness tolerance 003 mm
216
3 CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS 50
main features
50-C46D02 50-C46C02
AUTOMAX Compact-Line, 2000 kN cap PILOT Compact-Line, 2000 kN cap auto-
super-automatic EN compression tester matic EN compression tester for cylinders
for cylinders up to dia 160 x 320 mm and up to dia 160 x 320 mm and cubes up to DIGIMAX 3 Frames only
cubes up to 200 mm Complete with steel 200 mm 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph All frames are supplied complete with
kN kN
base 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph 2000 3000 pressure transducer, connection kit for
50-C56C02 separate control console and steel base
50-C56D02 PILOT Compact-Line, 3000 kN cap auto- 50-C46B02 (except 50-C68Z00 and 50-C78Z00
AUTOMAX Compact-Line, 3000 kN cap matic EN compression tester for cylinders DIGIMAX 3, 2000 kN cap semi-automatic models)
super-automatic EN compression tester up to dia 160 x 320 mm and cubes up to compression tester for cylinders up to dia
for cylinders up to dia 160 x 320 mm and 200 mm 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph 160 x 320 mm and cubes up to 200 mm kN kN kN kN
cubes up to 200 mm Complete with steel 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph 2000 3000 4000 5000
base 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph 50-C68C02
50-C56B02 50-C46Z00
PILOT Compact-Line, 4000 kN cap auto-
50-C68D02 matic EN compression tester for cylinders DIGIMAX 3, 3000 kN cap semi-automatic EN compression testing frame, 2000 kN cap
AUTOMAX Compact-Line, 4000 kN cap up to dia 250 x 500 mm and cubes up to compression tester for cylinders up to dia 50-C56Z00
super-automatic EN compression tester 300 mm 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph 160 x 320 mm and cubes up to 200 mm
EN compression testing frame, 3000 kN cap
for cylinders up to dia 250 x 500 mm and 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph
cubes up to 300 mm 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph 50-C68Z00
50-C78C02
EN compression testing frame, 4000 kN cap
PILOT Compact-Line 5000 kN cap auto-
50-C78D02 matic EN compression tester for cylinders 50-C78Z00
AUTOMAX Compact-Line 5000 kN cap up to dia 160 x 320 mm and cubes up to info EN compression testing frame, 5000 kN cap
super-automatic EN compression tester 300 mm AUTOMAX .............................. p. 234
for cylinders up to dia 160 x 320 mm and 230V, 50-60Hz, 1 ph PILOT p. 234
cubes up to 300 mm DIGIMAX 3 p. 233
230V, 50-60Hz, 1 ph WIZARD 2 p. 232
Dimensions and weights p. 230
Certificate of platen For 110V, 60 Hz versions change last
surface hardness p. 240 code number from 2 to 4
Machine accessories p. 241 Example: 50-C46B04, C56C04, C68D04
Test accessories ...................... p. 263 For 220V, 60Hz versions change last code
DATAMANAGER Software p. 238 number from 2 to 3 (only for WIZARD 2
Special calibration ................. p. 240 and DIGIMAX 3)
217
50 CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS
Automax 50-C57D02
This serie is proposed with different power and control systems (PCS):
Common specifications
218
3 CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS 50
main features
50-C47D02 50-C47C02
AUTOMAX Compact-Line, 2000 kN cap, DIGIMAX 3 Frames only
PILOT Compact-Line, 2000 kN
super-automatic EN compression tester for cap,automatic EN compression tester for All frames are supplied complete with
kN kN
blocks, cylinders and cubes Complete with blocks, cylinders and cubes 230 V, 50-60 2000 3000 2 pressure transducer, connection kit for
steel base 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph Hz, 1 ph separate control console and steel base
50-C57D02 50-C57C02 50-C47B02 kN kN
AUTOMAX Compact-Line, 3000 kN cap, PILOT Compact-Line, 3000 kN DIGIMAX 3, Compact-Line 2000 kN cap, 2000 3000
super-automatic EN compression tester for cap,automatic EN compression tester for semi-automatic EN compression tester for
blocks, cylinders and cubes Complete with blocks, cylinders and cubes 230 V, 50-60 blocks, cylinders and cubes 50-C47Z00
steel base 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph Hz, 1 ph 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph EN compression frame 2000 kN cap
50-C57B02 50-C57Z00
DIGIMAX 3, Compact-Line 3000 kN cap, EN compression frame 3000 kN cap
semi-automatic EN compression tester for
blocks, cylinders and cubes
230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph
info
AUTOMAX .............................. p. 234
PILOT p. 234
DIGIMAX 3 p. 233
WIZARD 2 p. 232
Dimensions and weights p. 230
Certificate of platen
surface hardness p. 240 For 110V, 60 Hz versions change last
Machine accessories p. 241 code number from 2 to 4
50-C57B02
Test accessories ...................... p. 263 Example: 50-C47B04, C57C04
with steel base 50-C59/B
DATAMANAGER Software p. 238 For 220V, 60Hz versions change last code
Special calibration ................. p. 240 number from 2 to 3 (only for WIZARD 2
and DIGIMAX 3)
219
50 CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS
EN 772-1 | EN 12390-4
This model featuring four column rigid welded steel construction, is fitted with block platens 310x510x90 mm 50-C79Z00 with 50-C10D02 Automax Smart-Line
thickness and Heavy duty premium spherical seat. Satisfy either the EN 772-1 concerning block testing, or the The frame is fitted with front and rear fragment
guard protections Upper compression platen is
EN 12390-4 concerning standard cubes and cylinders. The frame is provided with all safety features relating to secured to the frame by steel cords
the explosive energy release resulting from high strength concrete specimen failure. Bottom compression platen is secured to the
distance pieces See safety features
It can be fitted with a special block platen lifting assembly which is essential to make easy the placement of
distance pieces, to adjust the vertical daylight, between the piston and the lower platen. See accessories.
Common specifications
main features
Frame > A unique compression frame conforming to EN 772-1 and
Four column rigid welded steel EN 12390-4, certified for stability (verification of force transfer)
construction. EN Premium heavy Traceable test certificate provided with the machine
duty spherical seat allows free > Specifically designed to cope with the explosive energy release
alignment at the initial contact resulting from high strength concrete specimen failure Fitted with a
with the specimen. Ram travel specifically designed explosion proof test kit
50 mm.
Compression Platens
See physical specifications table. EN Frame only
kN kN
All compression frames are complete 4000 5000
Safety Features with pressure transducer and connection
These models are fitted with a kit for separate control console 50-C69Z00
specifically designed explosion EN Compression testing frame, 4000 kN cap
proof test kit comprehending: Detail of the compression frame fitted with
lifting device 50-C9060/B 50-C79Z00
safety cables securing the upper EN Compression testing frame, 5000 kN cap
platen to the frame, metallic per- Machine Accessories
forated fragment guard and bot- Distance pieces to reduce the vertical Frame physical specifications
tom platen anti-fall safety system. daylight
Heavy duty lifting device for bottom Model 50- C69Z00 C79Z00
Note: for testing high strength / explosive platen Cap., kN 4000 5000
failure specimens we strongly recommend
the use of distance pieces complete with Max. vertical daylight, mm 310 310
threaded centering pin See page 242
Horizontal daylight, mm 425 425
Platen dimensions, mm 310 x 510 x 90
Surface hardness 555 HRC (600 HV)
Flatness tolerance 005 mm
220
CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS 50
EN 12390-4
Cubes Cylinders
up to 200 mm up to dia.
160 x 320 mm
50-C86Z00
These high stiffness frames are particularly suitable for research purposes. The
four column structure is pre-tensioned as shown below. The two proposed Balanced pre-tensioning system
versions are identical except for the load cell incorporated in the piston of the The columns consist of two elements, one contained
within the other The internal part is the column and works
50-C86Z10 version providing very high accuracy starting from the very begin-
in tension, whilst the external part is a tube and works
ning of load scale. 50-C86Z00 version is fitted with pressure transducer. Both in compression This configuration guarantees tensional
versions include pedestal and connection kit for control console. uniformity at all load levels The other specifications
concerning compression platens, spherical seat and safety
features are identical to those of the EN Four column
welded structures
Common specifications
221
50 CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS
ASTM Compression testers 1500 | 2000 | 3000 kN and 335 | 460 | 660 k lbf
Standards ASTM C39 | AASHTO T22
Accuracy Cl.1/ Cl. A
Cylinders
up to dia.
160x320 mm
(6x12)
Note Also available, as alternative, the Note Also available, as alternative, the
configuration with DIGIMAX 3, Semi-automatic configuration with AUTOMAX, super
Semi-automatic power power and control system See page 233 and
Automatic system with closed automatic power and control system See
and control system ask for our technical support loop control page 234 and ask us for technical support
Common specifications
Frame test data download to PC. Full Printer installation Special calibration procedure
Rigid welded steel construction. data management and reporting For WIZARD 2 and DIGIMAX 3 PCS See page 240
ASTM spherical seat allows free is provided with optional softwa- See page 232, 233
For PILOT and AUTOMAX PCS Calibration in lbf units
alignment at the initial contact with re DATAMANAGER 82-SW/DM
See page 236 These machines can be calibrated in lbf
the specimen. Ram travel 50 mm. (not suitable for WIZARD 2 PCS). unit For the codes change second last
See page 238 Fragment guard lock switch code number from 0 to 1
Compression Platens
Prevents test execution with the front
See physical specifications table. Test Accessories Certified platen hardness
door (optional) open
These machines can be equipped See page 240
Safety Features with accessories to perform: 50-C50/P1
Max. pressure valve to avoid ma- Capping pads and retainers For testers with PILOT PCS
chine overloading, piston travel 50-C50/P3
Sulphur capping equipment
limit switch, emergency stop but- For testers with DIGIMAX 3 PCS and WIZARD 2 PCS
Splitting tensile test
ton, front and rear flexible frag-
Compression on cement samples
ment guards.
Flexural test on concrete beams
Machine Accessories Frame physical specifications
Distance pieces to reduce the vertical Upgrading Options
daylight Additional testing frame connec- model 50- A12xxx A22xxx A32xxx
tion Cap., kN 1500 2000 3000
Frame pedestal
For WIZARD 2 and DIGIMAX 3 PCS (lbf) (335,000) (450,000) (660,000)
Rigid front door See page 232, 233
Max. vertical daylight, mm 370 380 380
For PILOT and AUTOMAX PCS (inches) (146") (15") (15")
Software See page 236
All our PCS are supplied comple- Horizontal daylight, mm 265 340 370
te with the 82-SW/TRM software (inches) (104") (134") (146")
allowing real time and deferred Platen dimensions, mm (inches) dia 165 (65")
Surface hardness 55 HRC
Flatness tolerance 002 mm
222
CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS 50
main features
WIZARD 2 PILOT
kN kN kN kN kN kN Frames only 50-A22Z00
1500 2000 3000 2 1500 2000 3000 3
All frames are supplied complete with ASTM compression frame 2000 kN cap
K lbf K lbf K lbf K lbf K lbf K lbf pressure transducer and connection kit for 50-A22Z10
335 450 660 335 450 660 separate control console as above but calibrated in lbf (cap 450,000 lbf),
when connected to any PCS
50-A12A02 50-A12C02 kN kN kN
1500 2000 3000
WIZARD 2 Compact-line 1500 kN cap PILOT Compact-line 1500 kN cap automa- 50-A32Z00
semi-automatic ASTM compression tester tic ASTM compression tester for cylinders K lbf K lbf K lbf
335 450 660 ASTM compression frame 3000 kN cap
for cylinders up to dia 6"x12"(160 x 320 up to dia 6"x12"(160 x 320 mm)
50-A32Z10
mm) 230V, 50Hz, 1 ph 230V, 50-60Hz, 1 ph
50-A12Z00 as above but calibrated in lbf (cap 660,000 lbf),
50-A12A12 50-A12C12 when connected to any PCS
as above but calibrated in lbf (cap 335,000 lbf) as above but calibrated in lbf (cap 335,000 lbf) ASTM compression frame 1500 kN cap
50-A12Z10
as above but calibrated in lbf (cap 335,000 lbf),
50-A22A02 50-A22C02 when connected to any PCS
WIZARD 2 Compact-line 2000 kN cap PILOT Compact-line 2000 kN cap automa-
semi-automatic ASTM compression tester tic ASTM compression tester for cylinders
for cylinders up to dia 6"x12"(160 x 320 up to dia 6"x12"(160 x 320 mm)
mm) 230V, 50Hz, 1 ph 230V, 50-60Hz, 1 ph info
50-A22A12 50-A22C12 AUTOMAX .............................. p. 234
as above but calibrated in lbf (cap 450,000 lbf) above but calibrated in lbf (cap 450,000 lbf) PILOT p. 234
DIGIMAX 3 p. 233
WIZARD 2 p. 232
50-A32A02 50-A32C02 Dimensions and weights p. 230
WIZARD 2 Compact-line 3000 kN cap PILOT Compact-line 3000 kN cap automa- Certificate of platen For 110V, 60 Hz versions change
surface hardness p. 240 last code number from 2 to 4
semi-automatic ASTM compression tester tic ASTM compression tester for cylinders Machine accessories p. 241 Ex 50-A12A04
for cylinders up to dia 6"x12"(160 x 320 up to dia 6"x12"(160 x 320 mm) Test accessories ...................... p. 263
mm) 230V, 50Hz, 1 ph 230V, 50-60Hz, 1 ph DATAMANAGER Software p. 238 For 220V, 60Hz versions change
50-A32A12 50-A32C12 Special calibration ................. p. 240 last code number from 2 to 3
as above but calibrated in lbf (cap 660,000 lbf) as above but calibrated in lbf (cap 660,000 lbf) (only for WIZARD 2 and DIGIMAX 3)
223
50 CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS
Blocks Cylinders*
up to dia. 6x12
(150/160 x 300/320 mm)
224
CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS 50
main features
Detail of axial screw assembly allowing easy Detail of upper platen and spherical seat strictly
adjustment of vertical clearance conforming to ASTM C39 and AASHTO T22
PILOT Frame only
kN K lbf kN K lbf
3000 660 3 3000 660
info
AUTOMAX .............................. p. 234
PILOT p. 234 Code 65- Dimensions dia. x h Weight approx.
DIGIMAX 3 p. 233
WIZARD 2 p. 232 L1000/100B 77x 4 (195 x 100 mm) 441 lbs (20 kg)
Dimensions and weights p. 230
Certificate of platen For 110V, 60 Hz versions change last L1000/68B 77x 27 (195 x 68 mm) 298 lbs (135 kg)
surface hardness p. 240 code number from 2 to 4
Machine accessories p. 241 Example: 50-A39C04 L1000/50B 77x 2 (195 x 50 mm) 216 lbs (98 kg)
Test accessories ...................... p. 263 For 220V, 60Hz versions change last code
DATAMANAGER Software p. 238 number from 2 to 3 (only for WIZARD 2 L1000/40B 77"x 16" (195 x 40 mm) 172 lbs (78 kg)
Special calibration ................. p. 240 and DIGIMAX 3)
225
50 CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS
Cubes Cylinders
up to 150 up to dia.
and 200* mm 160 x 320
Common specifications
Frame Software
Rigid welded steel construction. All our PCS are supplied complete Upgrading Options Fragment guard lock switch
Spherical seat allows free align- with the 82-SW/TRM software Additional testing frame Prevents test execution with the front door
ment at the initial contact with the allowing real time and deferred connection (optional) open
specimen. Ram travel 50 mm. test data download to PC. Full For WIZARD 2 and DIGIMAX 3 PCS 50-C50/P1
data management and reporting See page 232, 233 For testers with PILOT PCS
Compression Platens is provided with optional soft- For PILOT and AUTOMAX PCS
See physical specifications table. See page 236 50-C50/P3
ware DATAMANAGER 82-SW/DM
For testers with DIGIMAX PCS and WIZARD PCS
(not suitable for WIZARD 2 PCS). Printer installation
Safety Features See page 238 For WIZARD 2 and DIGIMAX 3 PCS
Max. pressure valve to avoid ma- Special calibration procedure
See page 232, 233
chine overloading, piston travel Test Accessories See page 240
For PILOT and AUTOMAX PCS
limit switch, emergency stop but- These machines can be equipped See page 236 Certified platen hardness
ton, front and rear flexible frag- with accessories to perform: See page 240
ment guards. Splitting tensile test
Machine Accessories
Compression on cement samples
Distance pieces to reduce the vertical
daylight
50-C50/CYL Frame physical specifications
Frame pedestal Lower compression platen dia165 x 30 model 50- C13xxx C23xxx C34xxx
mm for testing capped cylinders dia
Rigid front door Cap. kN 1500 2000 3000
150 x 300 mm (6"x12") Resulting
compression machine vertical clearance is Max. vertical daylight mm 340* 350* 350*
increased by 20 mm
Horizontal daylight mm 265 340 370
Platen dimensions, mm dia 216 dia 300
Surface hardness 55 HRC
Flatness tolerance 003 mm
*Note: with accessory 50-C50/CYL vertical clearance is increased by 20 mm See Test Accessories
226
CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS 50
main features
227
50 CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS
Note Also available, as alternative, the Note Also available, as alternative, the
configuration with DIGIMAX 3, Semi- configuration with AUTOMAX, Super Automatic
Semi-automatic power and automatic power and control system See
Automatic system with closed system with closed loop control See page 234
control system page 233 and ask for our technical support loop control and control system and ask us for technical support
Common specifications
228
CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS 50
main features
info
AUTOMAX .............................. p. 234
PILOT p. 234
DIGIMAX 3 p. 233
WIZARD 2 p. 232
Dimensions and weights p. 230
Certificate of platen For 110V, 60 Hz versions change last
surface hardness p. 240 code number from 2 to 4
Machine accessories p. 241 Example: 50-C35C04
Test accessories ...................... p. 263 For 220V, 60Hz versions change last code
DATAMANAGER Software p. 238 number from 2 to 3 (only for WIZARD 2
Special calibration ................. p. 240 and DIGIMAX 3)
229
50 CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS
50-C68Z00
845 x 570 x 155 1960
50-C78Z00
230
CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS 50
231
50 CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS
main features
WIZARD 2
Readout/Digital Interface
DIGIMAX 3
Data Acquisition and Processing Unit
232
CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS 50
main features
DIGIMAX 3
> Three channels (for load sensors) with 132000 divs resolution (better
?
than 001% of full scale)
> Large advanced touchscreen with 240x128 pixel graphic display, icon-
driven with figures and diagrams
> Compatible with the DataManager software 82-SW/DM See pages
> Can be connected to any make of hydraulically operated testing frame
> Recording facility of up to 10 test profiles for each channel allowing
quick and easy test start
233
50 CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS
AUTOMAX, Super-
automatic Power
PILOT Automatic and Control System,
Power and Control connected directly
system, connected to a compression
directly to a frame
compression frame
The display unit is
upgraded with the
serial graphic printer
50-C10B/PR
234
CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS 50
235
50 CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS
50-C10C/3F
Three-way valve for PILOT System to
control a second and a third frame
This item must be factory installed
Detail of display unit with 50-C10/PR graphic
printer
236
CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS 50
PILOT SMART-Line
Accessories
50-C10C02
PILOT SMART-Line, automatic stand-alone
Power and Control Console, for the control
of one testing frame Second and third
frame facility available on request
230V, 50-60Hz, 1ph) PILOT SMART-Line, stand-alone console,
50-C10C02, controlling three frames: Compression
50-C10C04 and Flexure on cement and compression on
As above but 110V, 60Hz, 1ph concrete, with the two way valve 50-C10C/3F
AUTOMAX SMART-Line
50-C10D02
AUTOMAX SMART-Line, super-automatic
stand-alone Power and Control Console,
50-C20Z00 for the control of two testing frames Third AUTOMAX SMART-Line, stand-
frame facility available on request alone console, 50-C10D02,
PC cabinet 230V, 50-60Hz, 1ph controlling three frames:
Dimensions: Compression concrete, Flexure
500 x 650 x 1350 mm (l x p x h) 50-C10D04 concrete and Compression
Weight approx: 46 kg As above but 110V, 60Hz, 1ph cement, with the hydraulic
PC and printer not included
valve 50-C10D/3F
237
50 CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS
intuitive
smart software
Universal Testing Software
DataManager 82-SW/DM
The DataManager software, run-
ning within the RTM (Real Time
Management) environment, is
compatible with DIGIMAX 3, PI-
LOT and AUTOMAX Power and
Control Systems and also with the
more sophisticated AUTOMAX E-
Modulus consoles. It is specially
designed for data acquisition
and reporting of compression,
flexure and indirect tensile tests
performed on different types of
specimens and materials.
238
CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS 50
DataManager 82-SW/DM
For Compression, Flexural, Indirect tensile Testing on Concrete, Cement and similar
EN 772-1
Compressive strength of masonry units B
ASTM C140, C1314
ASTM C39
Compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens I
AASHTO T22
ASTM C109
Compression and flexural strength of cement specimens K
C348
A B C D
E
F G H I J K
239
50 CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS
Upgrading options
Platen surface hardness certificates Special calibration procedures
Standards Standards
EN 12390-4 | ASTM C39 | ASTM C109 | ASTM C140 | EN 196-1 | EN 12390-4 | ASTM E74
ASTM D2664 | ASTM D2938
These procedures can be applied to Concrete, Cement and Flexural test-
The standards prescribe a minimum surface hardness depending on the ing machines fitted with WIZARD 2, DIGIMAX 3, PILOT and AUTOMAX
type of test to be performed. When required, the hardness verification systems and testing systems AUTOMAX E, MCC and ADVANTEST.
is performed with certified instruments. This option is identified by the The calibrations are obtained by selecting suitable load sensors and us-
Certificate code shown on the following table. ing the calibration facilities of the Control Systems software.
Platen surface
To be specified at the time of ordering
65-L18xxx
65-L28xxx
65-L38xxx 165 (circular) 65-L0050/HRD 555
65-L58xxx
50-C92x2x
240
CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS 50
Machine accessories
Frame pedestals Lifting assembly for block testing platens
All the pedestals in the range are made of steel and are designed to This accessory is used for easier placement of distance pieces which can
make use of the compression machine straightforward, providing easy be used, when necessary, to reduce the vertical clearance of the ma-
specimen loading and machine control. chines/frames.
Two models are available:
Technical specifications and ordering information 50-C9060/A
Lifting device for bottom block platen for easier placement pieces compatible platen size
Code 50- Pedestal For machines/ Approx. weight
310 x 510 x 50 mm thickness Weight: 19 kg (approx)
dimensions frame (kg)
(wxdxh) mm 50-C9060/B
50-C23xxx Lifting device for bottom block platen for easier placement of distance pieces compatible
C29/B 620 x 420 x 400 50-C25xxx 29 platen size 310 x 510 x 90 mm thickness Weight: 18 kg (approx)
50-A22xxx
50-C34xxx
C39/B 670 x 400 x 400 50-C35xxx 40
50-A32xxx
50-C42xxx
C49/B 650 x 310 x 425 50-C46xxx 35
50-C47xxx
50-C52xxx
C59/B 740 x 370 x 375 50-C56xxx 36
50-C57xxx
50-C92xxx
C99/B 660 x 370 x 400 50-A12xxx 26 50-C9060/A 50-C9060/B
50-C13xxx
C39/B1 670 x 630 x 200 50-A39xxx 35
Centering device for cylinders and cubes
This is a useful accessory for accurately centering cylindrical and cubi-
cal specimens on the compression platens, made of corrosion-resistant
steel.
50-C0050/CTR2
Centering device for specimen with 100, 150, 160 and 200 mm diameter/side Suitable for
machines fitted with 300 mm dia platens
50-C0050/CTR3
Same as above, but suitable for machines fitted with 216 mm square platens
50-C49/B, 50-C59/B 50-C99/B, 50-C29/B, 50-C39/B 50-C0050/CTR4
Same as above, but suitable for machines fitted with 305 x 305 mm square platens
241
50 CONCRETE | ACCESSORIES FOR COMPRESSION TESTING MACHINES AND FRAMES
Machine accessories
Distance pieces
Upper spherical
For adjusting the vertical clearance
seated platen
Made of steel, these pieces are used to reduce the vertical clearance Lower machine Distance pieces
of the compression machine to a height that is appropriate for the size platen
of the specimen and considering that, in general, the maximum piston
travel is 50mm. The following information is provided to help you select
the correct combination of distance pieces.
Distance
How to select distance pieces pieces
When selecting distance pieces, all possible combinations of tests and specimen sizes
should be considered
The total vertical space that needs to be filled by distance pieces can be calculated using:
(v - h) - 10 mm
Where:
v = Maximum vertical clearance of the machine (mm)
h = Specimen height (mm) Slotted distance pieces
10 mm = typical free vertical space to be left after specimen positioning
For example:
Test accessories
v= 350 mm
Splitting tensile test devices
h = 150 mm
Vertical space to be filled = (v-h) - 10 mm =(350 -150)-10 = 190 mm (approx) Standards EN 1338 | EN 12390-6 | ASTM C496
242
CONCRETE | ACCESSORIES FOR COMPRESSION TESTING MACHINES AND FRAMES 50
50-C9070/B
50-C9000/B fitted in the compression machine 50-C9010/B fitted in the compression machine
243
50 CONCRETE | FLEXURAL AND TRANSVERSE TESTING FRAMES
Distance pieces (dimensions and weight on page 242) required for specimen size:
Machine Vertical *Cylinders *Cylinders 6x12, Blocks up to
Cube Cube Cube Cube
and frames daylight 4x 8 and 150 x 300 and 300 x 500 x 200
100 mm 150 mm 200 mm 300 mm
Series 50- approx. mm 100 x 200 mm 160 x 320 mm mm (W x D x H)
Q.ty code Q.ty code Q.ty code Q.ty code Q.ty code Q.ty code Q.ty code
A12xxx 370 1x C9084 1x L1000/40 1x C9084
1x L1000/20 2x L1000/40 - - - -
1x L1000/20
*The distance pieces here above listed refer to cylinders tested without capping devices
244
50
The difference between the two models concerns, mainly, the lower sup-
ports and the upper bearing beam. The machines do not include the elas-
tomeric bearing strips or similar which have to be provided on site.
Other machine versions are available on request. 50-C9612
245
50 CONCRETE | FLEXURAL AND TRANSVERSE TESTING FRAMES
Note:
All our Flexural frames are
fitted or can be fitted with
accessories to perform
either the two-point or the
Two-point loading Centre-point loading
centre-point loading
Models available
We produce various versions which mainly differ from one another in
the size and shape of the testing space, the type of load sensor (pressure
transducer or load cell), and the maximum capacity. Models fitted with
a load cell give high accuracy when testing low strength specimens.
The 300kN capacity 50-C1601/FR frame features a C-shaped open
structure which facilitates the positioning of large and bulky specimens.
This model is particularly suitable for tests under displacement control
(e.g. FRC-FRP concrete and Shotcrete), using MCC and ADVANTEST con-
trol consoles. See page 256, 260
50-C1200/7
50-C0910/FR
50-C1400/FR with 50-C1400/8 50-C1201/BFR with 50-C1200/8 50-C1200/BFR
with 50-C1200/3 (with loading pad)
246
CONCRETE | FLEXURAL AND TRANSVERSE TESTING FRAMES 50
Technical specifications
Model 50-***** C0910/FR C1200/BFR C1201/BFR C1400/FR C1401/FR C1501/FR
Maximum load capacity, kN 100 150 100 150 150 200
For testing 100 x 100 x 400/500 Beams, flagstones, Beams, flagstones, Beams, flagstones, Beams, flagstones, Beams, flagstones,
mm kerbs etc kerbs etc kerbs and large kerbs and large kerbs etc
150 x 150 x 600/700 (with the suitable (with the suitable specimens in general specimens in general (with the suitable
mm concrete beams accessory) accessory) (with the suitable (with the suitable accessory)
accessory) accessory)
Load sensor Pressure transducer Pressure transducer High-precision load cell Pressure transducer High precision load cell High-precision load cell
Horizontal clearance, mm 180 720 720 660 660 650
Maximum vertical 160 - - - - -
clearance with rollers
or accessories, mm
50-C1x00/8 - 207 182 483 443 160
50-C1x00/3 (LP)* - 273 248 405 365 226
50-C1x00/3 (LR)* - 232 207 510 470 185
50-C1x00/3 + 50-C1200/4 - 181 156 458 418 134
50-C1x00/7 235 383 358 600 560 336
Distance between upper 150, 100 or single roller 100, 150, 200 or 100, 150, 200 or 100, 150, 200 or 100, 150, 200 or 100, 150, 200 or
rollers, mm single roller single roller single roller single roller single roller
Distance between lower 450 or 300 100 to 900 100 to 900 100 to 1200 100 to 1200 100 to 900
rollers, mm
Piston travel, mm 75 130 130 110 110 130
Piston travel limit switch - Included Included Included Included Included
Piston return by Counterweight Counterweight Counterweight Springs Springs Counterweight
Overall dimensions, mm 350 x 530 x 1343 950 x 1000 x 981 950 x 1000 x 981 860 x 1400 x 1453 860 x 14090 x 1453 900 x 1000 x 950
(l x w x h) (including pedestal)
Approx. weight, kg 165 (including 130 130 216 224 150
pedestal)
* Note: The accessories 50-C1200/3 and 50-C1400/3 include lower rollers and either a top loading pad for testing kerbs, or an upper central loading roller for testing flagstones The two different vertical
clearances refer to the use of the loading pad (LP) or the use of the loading roller (LR) See accessories descriptions
Accessories
Standard Description Codes for testing frames Codes for testing frames
50-C1200/BFR 50-C1400/FR
50-C1201/BFR 50-C1401/FR
50-C1501/FR
EN 12390-5 Roller bearing assembly for centre and two-point loading 50-C1200/8 50-C1400/8
ASTM C78, ASTM C293 Bearer dimensions: 40 x 300mm (diameter x length)
Flexural tests Weight: 37kg (approx)
on standard concrete beams
EN 1339, EN 1340 Set of two loading supports and central loading roller 620mm long, 40mm diame- 50-C1200/3 50-C1400/3
Flexural tests on ter, and top loading swivel jointed pad, 40mm diameter Weight: 45kg (approx)
flagstones and kerbs Note: The 50-C1200/3 and 50-C1400/3 sets can be easily expanded to also perform flexural
tests on standard concrete beams in conformance with EN 12390-5, by adding the following
accessory:
50-C1200/4 Set of two upper rollers 40 x 300mm (diameter x length) with support
plate and cylindrical seat
Weight: 23kg (approx)
Compression test on Set of lower and upper platens, spherically seated, 165mm diameter, for compres- 50-C1200/7** 50-C1400/7
small/low strength specimens sion tests
Weight: 23kg (approx)
**Suitable also for flexure frame model 50-C0910/FR
247
50 CONCRETE | FLEXURAL AND TRANSVERSE TESTING FRAMES
248
CONCRETE | FLEXURAL AND TRANSVERSE TESTING FRAMES 50
50-C9030/H 50-C9032/H
Specimen positioning
249
50 CONCRETE | COMPRESSION TESTERS
250
50
AUTOMAX E-MODULUS represents MCC Multitest represents the ideal ADVANTEST covers all the
the ideal solution to automatically solution to perform, with high application of MCC Multitest and
perform with the required accuracy accuracy, compression and flexural also represents the ideal solution
and superior productivity, both tests, determination for central laboratories and research
the standard failure tests and the of modulus of elasticity and centers, to perform all tests and non
determination of Modulus of Elasticity. deformation/strain controlled tests. standard determinations.
E-MODULUS MULTITEST
The oil flow, and consequently the load Oil flow control is obtained by a double The advanced technology based on the
rate, is controlled by a double stage stage hydraulic pump powered by an Servo-controlled Proportional valve, fe-
hydraulic pump, specifically designed AC motor combined with a Servo-con- atured by MCC Multitest, in this system
and optimized for construction material trolled Proportional valve with closed is further extended: oil flow control
testing, powered by a variable speed DC loop digital feedback and customized and reaction time are nearly doubled
motor with closed loop digital feedback PID algorithm and the total flexibility permits the
and customized PID algorithm This sophisticated technology permits: system to perform ramp sequences,
The oil flow control is furthermore low frequency dynamic tests and user
- Extremely accurate oil flow regulation
integrated by a Flow-Sharing device to defined displacement/strain tests
controlling precisely even minor flow
allow loading and unloading cycles
variation (positive and negative)
Compatible with both small capacity
frames (for cement and mortar spe- - Very fast reaction time , fundamental
cimens) and high capacity frames for for those tests in which the behaviour
concrete, high strength concrete, blocks of the specimen is fragile and requires
and cores immediate system feedback
This technology, already in use in our - Wide oil flow range making the sy-
machines by more than 10 years and stem compatible with different tests,
continuously improved, combines high materials and testing frames
performances with the Energy Saving
efficiency
251
50 CONCRETE | ADVANCED TESTING SYSTEM
Compression
and flexural tests
Determination of
modulus of elasticity
50-C20E82
50-C20E82
The AUTOMAX E-Modulus is concerned essentially with the automatic AUTOMAX E-Modulus
controlling a EN
compression, flexural and splitting tests on concrete and cement (when Compression frame
connected to suitable testing frames and determinations of Elastic Mod- with three electronic
ulus and Poissons ratio. Essentially the system consists of an ergonomic Compressometer-
Extensometers fitted to
power and control console which houses the power unit and the PC. a cylindrical specimen
Specifications
Hydraulics Hardware
Dual-stage pump: centrifugal low 132,000 points effective resolution
pressure for fast approach and auto- Closed-loop PID control
matic switching to radial multi-piston 4 channels for load sensors (pressure
high pressure for loading transducers/load cells)
DC motor, 720 W, 50-60 Hz 6 channels for strain/displacement
Maximum working pressure 700 bar transducers (potentiometers, magne-
Third and fourth frame option, active tostrictive, LVDTs)
frame selection by software 4 channels for strain gauges
Flow-Sharing technology to perform Memorization of the calibration cur-
loading and unloading cycles ves enables sensors to be connected
ES Energy Saving technology to and used immediately
reduce power consumption Digital linearization of the calibration
Silent operation curve (multi-coefficent)
User-interface
the System is fully controlled by the PC
252
CONCRETE | ADVANCED TESTING SYSTEM 50
253
50 CONCRETE | ADVANCED TESTING SYSTEM
E-Modulus
Upgrading Options
Third and fourth frame connection Expandability of performance
The AUTOMAX Smart-Line control console (see page 237) is also avail-
The AUTOMAX E-Modulus which able in an expandable version (code 50-C10D52) to fulfill multi-step
can control two different frames investment programs. This version, designed for standard failure tests,
can be upgraded for controlling, when upgraded with upgrading kit 50-C10D52/EM becomes also suit-
not simultaneously a third and a able for Elastic Modulus and Poissons ratio determination.
fourth frame, adding, respectively With this expandability option, all our clients can select a system that will
the following valve system: cover their possible future testing requirements without the risk of hav-
ing to purchase a c omplete new system.
For more information contact us or visit our website
50-C10D/3F
Hydraulic valve for AUTOMAX System for
connection and control of a third frame
Accessories for the determination of the Modulus of Elasticity
and Poisson's Ratio
50-C20E/4F
Standards
Hydraulic valve for AUTOMAX System for
connection and control of a fourth frame EN 12390-13, EN 13412, EN 13286-43, ASTM C469, ISO 6784, DIN 1048,
BS 1888:121, UNI 6556
Elastic Modulus can be measured on different types of specimens and
These options shall be installed in factory or by materials: concrete cores, cylinders and prisms, cement prisms, etc.
authorized engineers technicians
Accessories for Elastic Modulus determination are fully described on page 264, 265
Concrete cylinder fitted with three Concrete specimen fitted with Strain Gauges
Compressometer-extensometers 50-C0222/F
info
Detail of electronics positioned in the sliding drawer of
EN Compression frames ......... p. 85
Automax E-Modulus Console ASTM Compression frames p. 96
General Utility compression frames
p. 105
Flexural frames p. 88
Accessories for the determination of
the Modulus of Elasticity p. 88
Cement prism fitted with three
compressometer-extensometers 50-C0222/F
254
CONCRETE | ADVANCED TESTING SYSTEM 50
E-Modulus
255
50 CONCRETE | SERVO-HYDRAULIC POWER AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
Multitest
main features
256
CONCRETE | SERVO-HYDRAULIC POWER AND CONTROL SYSTEMS 50
Applications
MCC MULTITEST software for displa- Printing and backing-up in MS Excel Tests under displacement and strain control
cement/strain controlled tests for the format of user-defined test reports for
determination of the: single or batch tests As explained on page 250, to perform the above tests with the relevant
Toughness of fiber reinforced concrete Language selection: English, French, stringent requirements related to the two testing phases (Hardening and
(FRC): ASTM C1550 Spanish and Italian, plus another Softening), the testing system must have very fast reaction time and ex-
Energy absorption of sprayed concre- language which can be added by the tremely accurate oil flow regulation, if not, at the end of the Hardening
te: EN 14488-5, UNI 10834 user (Latin alphabet only) phase, facing the typical instability of the following stages, it is possible
Printer not included to loose the control of the test and correct results (Stress-Strain diagram
Flexural strength of Shotcrete: EN
is partially lost and substended area is not measurable).
14488-3
Flexural strength of fiber reinforced The capacity of MCC Multitest and ADVANTEST to fulfill perfectly the
Ordering information stringent requirements requested for displacement/strain controlled
concrete (FRC): EN 14641, ASTM
tests has been obtained after years of research and cooperation with the
C1609, C1018 50-C8422/MP
academic world and are outlined by the vast international references.
Graphical and numerical manage- MCC Multitest, stand-alone closed-loop
ment of data, including the overlay- Control Console for up to two test frames
ing of various curves on the same expandable to four
axis (eg three different deformation Includes software for compression, flexure
curves on a single time axis) and indirect tensile tests, Elastic Modulus
Complete testing system controlled by the MCC Multitest, consisting of 4 frames:
Possibility to display different curves determination and displacement control compression on concrete, compression and flexure on cement and flexure on
in the same graph (for instance testing facility concrete
it's possible to display 3 different PC included This configuration requires the upgrading of the system with two additional
strain curves acquired by 3 different Power rating: 750 W hydraulic ports 50-C7022/UP2 Printer and PC cabinet not included
transducers in one graph with the Dimensions (lxwxh): 470 x 410 x 1000 mm
same time axis) Weight approx: 120 kg, excluding PC
Real time display and monitoring of 220 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph
all test data 50-C8423/MP
During the test all the test para- Same as above but 220 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
meter can be changed/modified 50-C8424/MP
including: active channel (used by Same as above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
the console as feedback to control
the test execution), load/displace-
ment rate, axes of diagrams, target
value, etc
Constant load/displacement/strain
function with closed loop feedback
assuring precise holding of the
target value
257
50 CONCRETE | SERVO-HYDRAULIC POWER AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
Multitest
Brittle specimen
(plain concrete or FRC with low % of fibres)
Deviation of the strain values measured by each transducer compared to the average reading (red line)
useful to check specimen positioning
Detail of rear panel of MCC series Calibration menu
Results of flexure test on a fiber reinforced concrete beam performed under deflection rate control
CONCRETE | SERVO-HYDRAULIC POWER AND CONTROL SYSTEMS 50
86-D2999 PC cabinet,
MCC console upgraded with 50-C7022/UP2 distribution block for connection to up to 4 frames PC and printer not included
info
EN Compression frames ......... p. 216
ASTM Compression frames p. 222
General Utility
compression frames p. 226
Flexural frames p. 246
Accessories for the
determination of the
Modulus of Elasticity p. 264
Accessories for testing
FRC/Shotcrete concrete p. 266
259
50 CONCRETE | SERVO-HYDRAULIC POWER AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
main features
The advanced technology based on the double stage hydraulic pump Specifications
powered by AC motor combined with the servo-controlled proportional Hydraulics Hardware e Firmware
Max working pressure: 720 bar 8 active channels (each one can be
valve with closed loop digital feedback, featured by MCC, in this system is used by the machine as feedback
Hydraulic motorized power pump
further extended resulting in an increased test control capacity, above all with automatic double stage mode: variable to control test execution):
in terms of reaction time which is particularly important to detect sudden low pressure/high flow rate (2l/min) 4 for load sensors (load cells or
variations of the specimen behaviour in case of brittle cracking, dropping for the fast approach (min 40mm/ pressure transducers)
min) and high pressure/low flow rate 4 for displacement transducers
of the bearing capacity, local failures. In addition the channels resolution
(07 l/min) for test execution (potentiometric, LVDT amplified,
is higher such to measure very small changes of the quantities under in- Wide flow rate range allowing magnetostrictive) and deformation
vestigation and the total flexibility permits the system to perform fully the control of several frames with transducers (strain gauge)
customizable ramp sequences, low frequency test cycles and displace- different capacities from 15kN up to Effective resolution 19-bit, 524288
ment/deformation tests. 5000kN divisions allowing to measure negligi-
Forced ventilation oil cooling system ble variations of the quantities under
For these reasons ADVANTEST is the ideal choice for research laboratories investigation For each hydraulic
High efficiency oil filtering system
whose main activity is focused on non-standard tests on new construc- with anomalies warnings (eg low oil channel the 524288 divisions can
tion materials, where the higher performance of the machine makes the level and dirty oil filter) be displayed in calibration menu/
difference. Oil flow regulated by servo controlled manual mode from zero up to the full
proportional valve with high fre- scale remaining stable and without
quency driving signal electric drift
4 electronic ON/OFF valves for remote 8 analogical outputs corresponding
automatic selection via PC of the to each channel for possible use of
active frame external data acquisition system
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CONCRETE | SERVO-HYDRAULIC POWER AND CONTROL SYSTEMS 50
Electrical characteristics of the chan- User-interface ADVANTEST software for displace- Graphical and numerical manage-
nel conditioners: The System is fully controlled by the PC ment/strain controlled tests for the ment of data, including the overlay-
Feed from 05 to 10V DC (digital determination of the: ing of various curves on the same
selection) PC and Software Toughness of fiber reinforced concrete axis (eg three different deformation
Single-/dual-ended input with Remote control of the complete (FRC): ASTM C1550 curves on a single time axis)
automatic detection system for automatic test execution, Energy absorption of sprayed concre- Possibility to display different curves
Input signal from -25 to +25V DC including selection of test frame te: EN 14488-5, UNI 10834 in the same graph (for instance
Zero and gain digitally adjustable The PC allows remote control of the Flexural strength of Shotcrete: EN it's possible to display 3 different
whole system and the automatic 14488-3 strain curves acquired by 3 different
Data acquisition synchronized on all
execution of test including: fast Flexural strength of fiber reinforced transducers in one graph with the
channels
approaching, zeroing, test stage, auto- concrete (FRC): EN 14641, ASTM same time axis)
Closed loop control with PID parame-
matic test interruption after specimen C1609, C1018 Real time display and monitoring of
ters adjustable in real time during test
failure, automatic unloading phase, Free unlimited programmable load/ all test data
execution by the user
numerical and graphical management stress/displacement/strain cycles to During the test all the test para-
Adjustable control frequency up to of test results, etc fulfill any kind of test procedure meter can be changed/modified
120 HZ allowing to detect sudden
DATAMANAGER software for compres- Possibility to perform low frequency including: active channel (used by
variations of the specimen beha-
sion, flexural, splitting tests to EN and dynamic tests featuring square the console as feedback to control
viour (for example brittle cracking,
ASTM standards wave, triangular wave, trapezoidal the test execution), load/displace-
dropping of the bearing capacity, local
E-MODULE software for determination wave, approximate sine wave for ment rate, axes of diagrams, target
failures, etc)
of Young Modulus allowing: examining materials characteristics value, etc
Calibration of the 8 channels in engi-
User-defined test cycles and step- The maximum work frequency is Constant load/displacement/strain
neering units, via linearization fun-
programmable sequences dependant on the size of the wave function with closed loop feedback
ction (up to 10 steps) which allows
Real-time display of stress/ time and on the deformability of the assuring precise holding of the
optimisation of readings accuracy over
and stress/axial strain diagrams sample target value
the whole test range
Automatic verification of sample Printing and backing-up in MS Excel
Storage of multiple calibration curves
centering, as per standards requi- format of user-defined test reports for
for immediate connection of various
rements single or batch tests
sensors
Real- and/or deferred-time ma- Language selection: English, French,
Alphanumeric keyboard with 320x240
nagement of test results, either in Spanish and Italian, plus another
pixels display
graphical or table format language which can be added by the
user (Latin alphabet only)
Ordering information
50-C9842
Advantest, stand alone closed loop
automatic control console for up to 4 test
frames for compression, flexure, indirect
tensile tests under load/specific load con-
trol, for Elastic Modulus determination and
for advanced tests under displacement/
strain control PC, printer and software
included 230V, 50Hz, 1ph
Power rating: 750 W
Dimensions (l x w x h): 470 x 410 x 1000 mm
Weight approx: 120 kg, excluding PC and
printer
50-C9843
Same as above but 220 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
50-C9844
Same as above but 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph
ADVANTEST, ADVANTEST
Configuration for Uniaxial and represents the ideal solution for central laboratories and research
Triaxial tests on rock cores centers to perform all tests and non standard determinations
261
8 th Edition
General Catalogue 2015
Testing Equipment for the construction industry
Testing Equipment
for the construction industry
Italy Iraq Poland United Kingdom General Catalogue 2015 8 th Edition
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CONTROLS S.R.L.
is certified ISO 9001:2008