Professional Documents
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XXIII Seminarium
ZASTOSOWANIE KOMPUTERW W NAUCE I TECHNICE 2013
Oddzia Gdaski PTETiS
Referat nr 8
Abstract: Railway power lines as any other outdoor overhead Lightning overvoltages in power systems are caused by
conductors are exposed to lightning strokes. Overvoltages generated [7]:
by a lightning surge may severely decrease the overall system
reliability due to possible damages of powering and signalling a) Stroke to phase conductor (shielding failure),
equipment. Hence an appropriate design of lightning protection is b) Stroke to shielding wire (backflash),
crucial. This paper presents computer simulations of lightning c) Stroke to ground in line proximity (induced
phenomenon (Fast Transients) in a typical railway catenary system
voltage).
conducted in PSCAD software. Detailed numerical model consisted
of cables, overhead catenary lines, surge arresters, transformers and
rails. A few modelling approaches were used and compared. The The phenomenon that will be investigated herein is
outcome of such analysis can be helpful in determining possible essentially a stroke to the phase conductor as shielding is
overvoltages in railway system along with a proposal of ratings and assumed to be not provided [2]. Due to unpredictable nature
locations of additional surge arresters installation. of lightning phenomenon it has to be represented in the
standardized way, based on numerous measurements. It has
Keywords: railway, lightning, fast transients, PSCAD been reported in [8] and [14] that the median value of the
lightning current crest equals 31 kA. In CIGRE brochure this
1. INTRODUCTION value equals 33 kA and one percentile level is approximately
130 kA [1]. This paper presents the results for two values of
Railway transportation remains very popular despite of
the lightning current: 31 kA and 130 kA. For finding the
rapid growth of automotive and aircraft industry in recent most relevant components for modelling, the reference value
years. This strong position of railway on the worlds of 31 kA lightning current with first stroke wave shape has
communication map is to be owed to innovation that often been used. The final configuration considered most suitable
goes unnoticed. Modern equipment that is applied for shall be then further analysed. A shape of the lightning surge
traction systems, more than ever imposes the need for a
waveform described by CIGRE is applied. The first and the
careful and accurate coordination of a protection system.
subsequent strokes were investigated.
This also concerns the overvoltage protection, which includes
disturbances of atmospheric origin.
Regardless of technology applied (AC or DC) it is
evident that railway equipment is most of the time exposed to
phenomena such as lightning. Therefore it is essential that
lightning surge protection is configured accordingly. This is
usually done by means of utilization of surge arresters.
Computer simulations are very useful during this process,
thus providing valuable information about the system
response during abnormal, transient conditions.
2. BACKGROUND
Fig. 1. CIGRE lightning current waveform implemented in
This paper addresses only a particular type of traction PSCAD. First stroke th = 77.5 s, subsequent stroke
system: 25 kV supply voltage [2]. Hence most elements such th = 30.2 s
as tower or lightning current are modelled based on CIGRE,
IEEE or IEC standards and guidelines. As reported in [2], the The diagram of a considered typical system, which
necessity of adopting additional protection is worth to be presents the location of lightning strokes as well as a track
verified. In general, there are two ways to increase the cross-section, is depicted in Fig. 2.
lightning protection level: surge arresters and lightning wires.
Only the first solution is addressed in this paper.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Artyku recenzowany
model structure is presented in Figure 3. The characteristics
of nonlinear elements A0 and A1 are depicted in Figure 4.
The data for arrester modelling were based on ABB MWK
[9] air insulated surge arrester data sheet (Ur =36.3 kV).
Cable screens voltage limiters were represented in a similar
manner.
120
90
60
30
V, kV
Fig. 2. Overall diagram of the modelled network. SWG stands for
0
switchgear, including a power transformer and arresters. -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
-30
3. MODELLING PRINCIPLES FOR FAST
TRANSIENTS -60
(1)
80 Frequency
dependent
60
Lumped 1. CIGRE Working Group 01/33, Guide to procedures for
40 inductance estimating the lightning performance of transmission
20 lines, 1991
0
2. IEC 60913 Electric traction overhead lines, 2013,
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Surge location
8 9 10 11 12 13 ISBN 978-2-83220-638-6
3. Andrew R. Hileman: Insulation Coordination for Power
Fig. 8. Influence of dropper wire modelling in configuration with
Systems, CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group, New
rails modelled as resistance. 31 kA first stroke applied. York 1999,ISBN 0-8247-9957-7
Voltage at the power transformer 4. IEEE WG 3.4.11, Modelling of metal oxide surge
arresters, IEEE Trans. On Pow. Delivery, vol.7 No.1
180
1992, p.302-309, ISSN 0885-8977
160
5. IEC 60071-1:2006, Insulation co-ordination Part 1:
140
Definitions, principles and rules, ISBN 978-2-88912-
120
413-8
Voltage [kV]
100
130 kA
subsequent 6. IEC TR 60071-4:2004, Insulation co-ordination Part 4:
80 130 kA first
60
Computational guide to insulation co-ordination and
31 kA
40 subsequent
modelling of electrical networks
20
31 kA first 7. IEEE Guide for the Application of Insulation
0 Coordination, 1999, ISBN 0-7381-1762-5 SS94764
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Surge location 8. IEEE Guide for direct Lightning Stroke, 1996, ISBN 1-
55937-768-2
Fig. 9. Influence of lightning surge type in configuration with rails 9. MWK datasheet http://www05.abb.com/global/scot/
modelled as resistance and dropper wire as inductance. scot245.nsf/veritydisplay/1b7d202dce37a44ec1257c2100
Voltage at the power transformer
31cbb2/$file/ABB%20Surge%20arrester%20MWK%20-
120 %20Data%20sheet%201HC0075865%20E01%20AB.pdf
10. IEEE Guide for Transient Recovery Voltage for AC HV
100
Circuit Breakers, 2006, ISBN 0-7381-4813-X SS95378
80 130 kA 11. IEEE Modeling and System Transients Working Group,
Energy [kJ]
Streszczenie: Tre artykuu skupia si na symulacyjnych badaniach przepi piorunowych w sieci zasilania trakcji
elektrycznej. W oparciu o model typowego systemu 25 kV a.c., przeprowadzono porwnanie odpowiedzi ukadu w
przypadku zmiany podejcia do modelowania elementw takich jak napowietrzna sie trakcyjna, czy te szyny.
46 Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziau Elektrotechniki i Automatyki PG, ISSN 2353-1290, Nr 36/2013