You are on page 1of 32

June 2016

SAFETY
HEALTH
ENVIRONMENT
PROTOCOL

Chemical Engineering Department


Faculty of Engineering
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Safety, Health and Environment
(SHE) Protocol
Chemical Engineering Department
Universitas Gadjah Mada

Editor:
Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) Team
Chemical Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Universitas Gadjah Mada

Yogyakarta, April 2016 (updated)


Table of Contents

I. INTRODUCTION 1
I.1 OSHE Policy of UGM 1
I.2 OSHE Policy at Chemical Engineering Department, UGM 2
I.3 Organizational structure of SHE Team 2

II. GENERAL GUIDELINE 5


II.1 Safety Culture 5
II.2 Emergency 5
II.3 Accidents and first aid 6
II.4 Ergonomic and working environment 6
II.5 Insurance 6

III. SPECIAL CONDITIONS 8


III.1 Working with electricity 8
III.2 Working with machine and tools 9
III.3 Working with chemicals 10
III.4 Working with pressurized gas 14
III.5 Working with biological substances 15
III.6 Working with radiation 16

IV. RULES 18
IV.1 Laboratory work 18
IV.2 Chemical material storage 19
IV.3 Working with process scale-up 20
IV.4 Unattended experiment 20
IV.5 Solo working 21
IV.6 Personal protective equipment 21
IV.7 Incident report 22
IV.8 Waste treatment 22
IV.9 Contractor labours 25
IV.10 SHE rules violation 26

V. AUDIT SYSTEM 27
V.1 Internal audit 27
V.2 External audit 27
I. INTRODUCTION

I.1. Occupational Safety, Health and Environment (OSHE) Policy of UGM

Universitas Gadjah Mada is committed to ensure safety and health of all lecturers, staffs, students
and related parties, as well as preserving and protecting environment in Universitas Gadjah Mada.

In order to strengthen the commitment above, Universitas Gadjah Mada is committed to conduct
following policies:

1. Include Occupational Safety, Health and Environment (OSHE) Policy as an important part
of university policy.
2. Conform and implement every rules related to Occupational Safety, Health and
Environment (OSHE).
3. Apply management system of Occupational Safety, Health and Environment (OSHE)
Policy in Universitas Gadjah Mada.
4. Conduct coaching and training regularly to ensure all academicians understand and
implement the rules of Occupational Safety, Health and Environment (OSHE).

These policies call upon responsibility from all stakeholders at Universitas Gadjah Mada with the
support of the university by providing professional and competent services.

Yogyakarta, August 14th 2016

University Rector,

Prof. Ir. Dwikorita Karnawati, M.Sc., Ph.D

1
I.2 Occupational Safety, Health and Environment (OSHE) Policy at Chemical
Engineering Department, UGM.

Chemical Engineering Department, as part of Universitas Gadjah Mada, is committed in providing


laboratory work environment that is safe for lectures, staffs, students and visitors. SHE protocol
aims to minimize the risk of workers injury or disease in laboratory by continuously providing
training, information, support, and tool to create work safety at laboratories.

There are 3 main elements of SHE program in laboratory:

Departments SHE programs which is led by the coordinator of SHE


Laboratory SHE support and training conducted by SHE team
Mentoring and supervising from research/labwork supervisor

It is obligatory for all parties (including lecturers, staffs and students) to take laboratory safety
induction which is conducted by SHE team. The induction program consists of explanation on
basic principles of safety in laboratory. In addition, any sources that may provide supportive
information related to the induction program such as hazardous and toxic substance destruction.
Additional explanations about safety procedure for special materials or tools are given by the
research/labwork supervisor. SHE team provides training, human resource and consultation for
any laboratory safety issues including chemical material safety, electrical safety and other safety
related issues. In addition, Chemical Engineering Department provides SHE webpage to show
information on any aspects related to laboratory safety.

I.3 Organizational Structure of SHE Team

a. SHE team in Chemical Engineering Department

2
b. SHE team element

c. Duties and responsibilities of SHE team


1) Safety officer team
Composing and implementing SHE protocol
Reviewing and updating SHE protocol
Conducting study on work accident and chemical substance exposure in the
department
Keeping the record of training as well as supervising chemical material exposure
record
Ensuring all workers in laboratory have received safety training related to the handling
of chemical substances and specific procedures in emergency cases.
Reviewing and considering approval on the use of highly hazardous chemical
substances.
Considering approval for lab worker who wish to return to the lab after getting
exposure on toxic and hazardous substances based on his/her last medical records.
Providing general training safety.
Providing standard operation procedures through SHE webpage.
Inspecting the functionality of fume hoods in the labs.
Providing safety consultation for lab workers who wish to work with toxic and
hazardous substances.

2) Head of laboratory, supervising lecturer and principal researcher


Ensuring all laboratory workers to attend safety training conducted by SHE team.
Ensuring laboratory worker understand to deal with toxic and hazardous substances.
Conducting specific coaching if required.
Providing engineering control and standardized laboratory personal protective
equipment for laboratory worker.
Ensuring all laboratory workers have completed the risk assessment (RA) form before
working in laboratory.
3
Reviewing and giving approval for laboratory worker to work with highly hazardous
substance and high risk equipment.

3) Laboratory worker (Lecturer, staff, student, guest researcher and internship)


Following the SHE protocol.
Understand SHE protocol.
Following standard operation procedure according to the SHE Protocol as well as
supervisors or principal researcher.
Being able to use engineering control tools as well as personal protective equipment
properly.
Reporting all incidents, potential of chemical material exposure and a near miss accident
to the supervisors, principal researcher or SHE team.
Provide the operation procedure to work with very toxic substances such as carcinogenic
materials or reproductive toxins.

4
II. GENERAL GUIDELINE

II.1. Safety Culture


The lack of safety culture may result on fatal accident. Safety culture at university is
reflected through activities, attitudes, and behaviors of people (lecturers, staff, students, and
even a guest or temporary workers who are in the campus) who uphold safety as first priority.
Dissemination of safety culture in campus which is followed by active participation from all
parties is essential to embed safety as a basic value in all activities at campus. As a result, higher
human productivities can be obtained.
Safety culture is also an important aspect to maintain the academic reputation of a
university. Safety culture grows from ethics, moral and practical consideration of all elements
in university instead of merely forcing strict regulations. Dissemination of safety culture is also
essential for the safety of faculty members, employees and students by getting familiar with
safety equipment and safety procedure in emergency situation. Hence, in a campus with strong
safety culture, all campus residents have the ability to identify potential hazards, estimate the
risk when exposed to potential hazards, minimize the risk of exposure to potential hazards, and
be able to act / response properly in an emergency situation. To foster the safety culture at
Chemical Engineering Department UGM, it is also compulsory to have safety induction
procedure during the opening of all meetings that involve guests or new visitors at Chemical
Engineering Department.

II.2. Emergency
In the case of emergencies such as fires, large spills of hazardous chemical substances, injuries,
explosions and a medical emergency in a lab, immediate call to the following emergency
numbers can be made:

a. Internal Security Coordinator (+62274-6491937)


b. Firefighters UGM (+62274-6491071)
c. Depok Police Station (+62274-6492333)
d. Gadjah Mada Medical Center (+62274-551412), (+62274-6492575), Hotline service
(+6281328786991), (+62274-7473123)
e. Depok Medical Clinic (+62274-6491073)
f. Emergency Installation Dr. Sardjito Hospital (+62274-583613) direct, (+62274-587333)
extended 349/281
g. Head of Chemical Engineering Department UGM; Dr. Moh. Fahrurrozi (+628164895019)
h. Safety Coordinator Officer; Dr. Rochim B. Cahyono (+6281393696232)

Chemical Engineering Department SHE team will respond and determine if any other helps are
needed. The standard action procedure in emergency situation has been made by Chemical

5
Engineering Department including the appointment of emergency safety coordinator (SHE
coordinator) as well as directing the appropriate assembly point. Emergency safety coordinator
is the key person to be contacted to obtain any information regarding emergency procedures
and emergency response procedures. In an event where emergency evacuation is needed, all
residents of the building should reach and gather at an assembly point. Everyone should be
counted by the emergency safety coordinator before they can be allowed to leave the assembly
point. In addition, any safety officials (such as firefighters) are required to enter the building to
find possible people that might still get trapped inside the building. In addition, everyone has
to ensure themselves that they understand the emergency action procedures.

In a fire situation, firefighters must be contacted directly through appropriate phone number as
abovementioned. Some notes during fire situations are enlisted below:

a. In principle, individual person is not obligatory to extinguish the fire, however any
experienced volunteers may take part to extinguish relatively small fire such as trash burning
if they have been trained to use a fire extinguisher.
a. If you have been trained to use a fire extinguisher, sweep the fire from your escape side.
b. An enclosed fire (such as inside container) can be extinguished by covering the container
tightly.
b. If your clothes catches fire, extinguish it immediately by using a safety shower.
c. If the fire gets bigger and to spread out, press the fire alarm button in the building to warn
all residents to leave the building immediately. If the alarm does not work or no alarm
available in the building, warn all residents by screaming out loudly. If possible, shut down
all devices that has potential to escalate the fire. Fume hood must remain on to suck the
smoke. Eventually, close the door behind you to prevent the spread of fire.
d. Leave building as soon as possible and gather in assembly point. Wait for the officer in
charged to arrive at the location. Upon their arrival, if requested, give all details about
location, fire condition and information regarding chemical substances in the laboratory.
e. Do not enter the building until an official permit is released by the officials or firefighters.

II.3. Accidents and first aid


In a condition of illness or injury that requires immediate assistances, please contact the
appropriate authorities as mentioned previously in the phone list (section II.2). If you need an
ambulance, the officer can help to provide it.
All illness and injuries because of work must be reported to the SHE team and the supervising
lecturer. The available first aid kit (P3K) boxes must meet some terms:
a. It should be placed in a good sanitation condition.
b. It provides simple medical tools such as sterile medical gauze and plaster for wound.

II.4. Ergonomic and working environment


All campus facilities, such as tables, chairs, and computers, have been selected and arranged in
such a way that its layout allows everyone to work safely and comfortably, prevent injuries and
prevent potential health problems in the long term.

6
II.5. Insurance
All issues related to the health insurance for employees and students at university follow the
general policies in GMC, BPJS, or other kind of insurance.

7
III. SPECIAL CONDITIONS
III.1. Working with electricity
A number of electrical equipment / devices are commonly used as daily tools on campus. Faults
in the handling and the use of electrical equipment may result on accidents due to electric shock
or fire. This section will provide information on the hazards of electric current and its prevention
methods.
a. The hazard of electric shock
There are four types of accidents that can be caused by an electric current: an electric shock
resulting in death (electrocution), electric shock, burns and falls. The accident usually occured
by:
1) Direct contact with the electricity network.
2) Leap of electricity current from the open power grid to the human body.
3) Burns from contact with hot equipment, fire from burning equipment exposed to sparks or
electricity (electric arc flash).
4) Electric shock which results on people falling down from an elevated place.

b. Electric shock prevention


Some tips to prevent accidents caused by electric current:
1) Dont make a direct contact with any electric equipment in a wet condition.
2) Please immediately replace the electric insulator on the plug or cable that is frayed or
damaged.
3) Perform grounding (earthing) electric equipment correctly. Grounding is particularly
necessary for equipment used near water or metal (eg: motorcycles, refrigerators, and
washing machines).
4) Do not even put the electric cable on the floor if there is any probability of water spill.
5) Clean up the electricity equipment from dust and oil to prevent electrical current leakage.
6) The capacitor must be completely emptied from the electrical charge before it can be touched
because it may store electrical charge even if the electric current has been shut.
7) Electrical conductors or high voltage equipment must be equipped with isolator. If needed,
dangerous area warning sign of high voltage can be provided and restrictions access can
be made.
8) Electrical high voltage can cause electrical shock without direct touch. Keep a distance of at
least 30 cm from the conductor voltage of 2.5 kV and 1 m from the conductor voltage of 50
kV .
9) Inspection and maintenance of high-voltage equipment must be conducted with good
personal protective equipment. During reparation, adequate personal protective equipment
must be worn, such as: rubber boots, helmet, safety gloves and other protective equipment
that is specifically required.

8
c. First aid on electric shock accidents victim
First of all, the helper needs to turn off the power before helping the victim. If the power is not
possible to be switched off, then the helper must help the victim by pulling the victim to be away
from the power source for instance by using wooden stick or dry clothes/fabrics. Once the victim
is already rescued from the power source, please follow the instructions on first aid guide (Section
II.3) for further aid.

III.2. Working with machine and tools


When working with carpentry tools or machineries, most accidents occur due to carelessness,
untidiness and human error. They can be used safely by following the procedure (user guide) and
the user must understand the potential hazard of the tools or machines as well as the way to prevent
incidents.
a. Clothes
Appropriate use of workwear is one of the most important factor to protect worker from injuries
due to sharp objects / hot surfaces and also to prevent clothes / hair tangled in rotating machine.
The general requirements of working clothes (workwear):
1) The clothes should fit the body and no part that hangs loosely which may get trapped in the
machine. Safety shoes must be worn to avoid exposure to sharp objects or other hazardous
materials.
2) No gloves while operating fast rotating tools.
3) Always wear goggle and another appropriate personal protective equipment.

b. Working with machine and tools


Hazard that may arise by operating machine:
1) Being entwined by rotating or moving machine
2) Being injured because of flakes or another small debris that is hurled from the machine
To reduce the potential hazard from machine operation, the operator must know the procedures on
how to operate the machine with the aid of supervisor / officer in charge before using the machine.

c. Prevention action while operating machine


1) Pre-operation
Check the machine condition which include the check of all parts, functionality of all parts
and general condition of the machine.
Pay attention to the hazard potential that may occur such as unstable part (vibrating part)
or easily separated part (loose part) that may hurl when the machine is under operating
condition.
Ensure the machine will not be overbalanced under operation.
Ensure safe condition around the machine.

2) During operation

9
Do not leave machine running without any supervision.
Always use brush or other aprropriate tools to take flakes of the material inside running
machine.
If the machine stops running suddenly, please immediately turn off the main power source
and check if there is any failure.
Pay attention if there is any abnormal vibration and sound.

3) Post-operation
Ensure that the machine is properly turned off and stops running before collecting samples
from the machine.
Do not force the machine to stop using your hand or any tools.
Ensure that the main switch is off.

4) Safety Equipment
Safety equipment such as, safety cap to prevent flakes from machine or to cover the
moving/rotating part of the machine. In addition, it is expected that all machined are equipped with
safety features (preferably double layer protection).

III.3. Working with chemicals


Information about physical and health hazards of chemicals should be made available and
accessible to all workers in the laboratory. This information should be provided by the chemical
labels as well as MSDS. The labels on original containers and chemicals MSDS provide
information on the details of the chemical content as well as their hazards (physical and health).
a. Labels
The label from factory must be kept attached. It is not allowed to remove or impair the label
before the container is empty. If a chemical is transferred from one container to another container
for storage, the new container must be labeled properly containing: the name of the material, its
chemical content, and hazard warnings.
b. Material Safety Data Sheet
All producers and distributors of chemicals must conduct hazard evaluation of the products
and include this information in the MSDS. All MSDS should be stored in a one location in the
laboratory or in the department building.
c. Chemical substance separation storage
The chemicals should be classified properly (based on their compatibility) and they should
be stored based on their classification. Chemical storage based on alphabetical order, without
regard to compatibility may increase the risk of dangerous reactions, especially in the case of
accidents resulting from the rupture of packaging.
1). Flammable liquid

10
Flammable liquids require specific storage conditions. For more information, see the instruction
for flammable material handling.

2). Acid
Mineral acids such as phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acir
and perchloric acid can be stored in a fume hood which is designed for corrosive
acids. The cabinet is made of nonmetallic materials, coated with acid resistant
material. In addition the lab floor is made to be able to accommodate acid spill.
Volatile acids, such as oleum or fuming nitric acid that have been opened should be
stored in special ventilated cabinets, such as the bottom of the fume hood.
Concentrated mineral acids can be very reactive.
Even concentrated acids can be very reactive with a dilute solution from the same
acid under rapid mixing. For example: concentrated sulfuric acid rapidly mixed with
1 M of sulfuric acid will release large amounts of heat. Acid with different
concentrations should be kept separate. If they are stored in the same cabinet, use
trays/plastic buckets to separate them.
Acetic acid is an organic acid and must be kept separate from mineral acids. As acetic
acid can burn, it should be stored with other flammable liquids.
Picric acid can form salts which may explode if it reacts with metals. Picric acid
crystals is also explosive.
Perchloric acid is a very strong oxidizing agent and should be kept away from all
organic materials, including wood.

3.) Unstable chemical


Ether, some ketones and olefins can form peroxides by exposing them to air or light. However,
these materials may not be sealed in airtight conditions and thus peroxides can be formed even
before the container is opened. Some chemicals, such as dinitroglycerin and german, are sensitive
to shocks. It means, they can decompose rapidly or explode if jounced or even stirred. These
materials are becoming increasingly sensitive to shocks with increasing duration of storage.
For unstable chemical, following terms must be followed:
On the label, write date received and the first time of packaging is opened.
After 6 months since the packaging is opened for the first time, throw away the
packaging and its content.
Dispose the packaging that has not been opened after 1 year of reception, unless it
has been added inhibitor into it.

4). Special area


Area/room that is specifically used for the storage of hazardous materials, including materials
that are carcinogenic, highly toxic and can damage the fetus, should be stored in special area and
marked as special storage. These materials must be stored separately from other chemicals, as
long as the room allows it.

11
d. Spill prevention
Most of the spill could have been avoided. Here are some tips that can be conducted to prevent
or reduce the magnitude of the spill:

1) Place containers of chemicals in a fume hood or working table with minimum risk of
fall (possibilities of inadvertently nudged).
2) Put all chemicals that are not used in an appropriate storage place and keep the work
place clean and free from unnecessary objects.
3) Plan every move. Pay attention to where you're going to avoid possible spills.
4) Avoid moving the chemicals through the corridor of the building when it is crowded
(for instance avoid the crowds during the time between class changes).
5) Move the chemicals using appropriate stroller / table with wheels.
6) Place a sheet of plastic that can absorb chemicals above the table or a fume hood
where chemical spills are probable. If the fluid volume is greater than the absorption
capacity, use trays instead.

e. Transportation of chemicals
Spills and chemical exposure may occur when the material is moved incorrectly although it
only moved from different parts in the laboratory room. To avoid such occurrences, consider
following matters:

1) Use transporter bottles, a stroller or a secondary container when moving the


chemicals stored in containers that may rupture (especially if more than 250 ml)
through the corridors or between buildings. Secondary container should be made of
rubber, metal or plastic which include carrier grip and large enough to hold the entire
contents of the packaging if the packaging is broken.
2) Toxic and very hazardous material disposal in individual packaging exceeding four
liters between buildings is not recommended.
3) When moving around in the lab, anticipate the movement of others if they turned
away or suddenly change their direction . If you are slipped or falling when carrying
glassware or chemicals, try to throw it away from yourself and others.
4) People who move chemicals must know the dangers of the chemicals that they carry
and understand how to handle in case of spills.
5) When carrying gas cylinders, gas cylinders must be attached to the stroller and the
valve is protected with a lid. Never lift or topple the gas cylinder to move it.
6) If available, chemical material transportation should use a special elevator, or
conventional elevators for people needs to be locked properly to avoid people to
access it.
7) If possible, store chemicals in their original packages when transporting them.

f. Procedure when exposed to chemical material


The following procedure should be followed in a condition of chemical exposure. All incidents
should be reported to the head of the lab, counselor or the principle researcher.

12
1) Chemical substances on skin or clothes
Immediately rinse with water not less than 15 minutes (except for fluoride acid, flammable
solids or phenol > 10 %). For exposure in a large scale, use a safety shower.
During the rinsing, immediately remove contaminated clothing and jewelry. Immediate
action is needed.
Be careful when removing the shirt or sweater without buttons, to prevent eye contamination.
Read MSDS to know the consequences that would arise later.
Remove contaminated clothing or wash separately from other clothing. Material from leather
cannot be decontaminated and should be discarded.

Do not use solvent to rinse the skin. Solvents will remove the protective oils from the skin
and cause irritation and inflammation. Under certain conditions rinsing with solvents can
accelerate the absorption of toxic materials. For flammable solids that are exposed to skin, first
remove the material as much of the skin and then follow the above procedures. For hydrofluoric
acid, rinse with water for 5 minutes followed by the use of calcium gluconate (calcium gluconate)
2.5%. If not available, continue flushing for 15 minutes with water then seek immediate medical
attention to the nearest hospital's emergency unit.
2) Chemical substances on eyes
Immediately rinse eyes with water for at least 15 minutes. Eyes must be forced open while
rinsing and eyeballs should be rotated so that the entire surface is rinsed. It is better to use
eye showers (eye wash fountain) so that the hands can freely hold both eyes to open. If eyes
shower is not available, pour water into the eye, rinse from the nose to the outside to prevent
contamination to the eye that is not exposed to the chemicals.
Remove contact lenses DURING the flushing. Do not waste time to remove contact lenses
before flushing. Do not try to rinse and re-establish contact lenses.
Immediately consult a medical officer. If you need an ambulance immediately contact the
officer in charge at the above phone number. Explain what chemicals are exposed. If possible
bring it as well as its MSDS.

3) Inhaling chemical substances


Immediately close the container, open a window or increase the ventilation and move to open
air environment.
If symptoms such as headaches, nose or throat irritation, dizziness or nausea continues to be
felt, seek medical help. Explain what chemicals are inhaled.
Check the MSDS to determine what health effects that would arise including it s long term
effect.
4) Swallowing chemical substances
Immediately go to the emergency unit of nearest hospital.
Do not force yourselv to vomit it.

13
III.4. Working with pressurized gas
Many types of gas are used in the laboratory and they should be handled with caution.
a. Gas classification and its properties
1) Flammable gas : H2, CO, NH3, H2S, methane, propane, etc.
2) Oxidizing gas : O2, O3, Cl2, NO, NO2, etc.
3) Explosive gas : mixture of oxidizing gas and flammable gas.
4) Inert gas : N2, He, Ar, etc.
5) Toxic gas : CO, CO2, NH3, halogens, hydrogen halides, H2S, arsine, HCN, phosgene,
silanes, ozone, etc.
6) Corrosive gas : Cl2, HCl, ozone, etc.
7) Pressurized gas : some gases are stored in high pressure and requires proper handling.
8) Liquefied gas and compressed gas : nitrogen, He, dry ice, LPG, etc.

b. Fire, burn and explosion prevention


1) Gas explosion
The mixing of flammable gas and oxidizing gas will result on explosive gas. To prevent the
formation of explosive mixture, gas leakage must be prevented and good ventilation is
essential. The experimental lab has to be equipped with exhaust fan and good ventilation.
2) Ignition source
Based on fire triangle, 3 main elements must present to form fire: fuel, oxidizing gas, and
ignition source. Ignition source is not only due to open fire, but also due to high temperature
equipment or material, static electric spark, bump, friction, catalyst, great amount of metal
powder.
3) In the case of leakage
Planning and training of current personnel around the gas source must be conducted to make
sure that everyone knows what to do in the case of gas leak. Evacuation routes should be
made available and clear. In addition, prevention action is needed to avoid ignition that could
trigger a fire/explosion.

c. Pressured gas handling


Pressurized gases have large hazard potential as it contains large amount of internal energy in
a tank. Large cylinder weighing 130 pounds or more can increase the risk of injury when it falls to
feet or hands
1) All cylinders must be attached to the wall, bench, or structure by a chain or rope. A cylinder
stand can also be used.
2) Separate cylinders based on gas types (eg, flammable, inert, etc.)
3) Keep cylinders away from heat sources and extreme weather conditions

14
III.5. Working with biological substances
Biological materials (blood, feces, bone, etc) and/or living creatures (animals, microbes, plants,
etc) are often used in laboratories. Therefore, researchers need to know the potential hazard that
may result from the material and living creatures as well as the way to minimize the risk.
a. The risks by working with biological material (biohazard)
Biohazards are harmful effects caused by pathogenic organisms and its metabolic derivatives to
humans or other organisms.
1) Types and characteristic of pathogen
2) Pathogens can cause illness and death if it enters the body. Pathogens include: viruses,
bacteria, fungi, parasites, prions, and toxins.
3) Pathogen infection route
4) Pathogens can enter the body through the skin and mucous membranes. These infections can
be explained as follows:
Skin : infection occurs through wound in the skin or by needle stick, nails, broken
glass or through the bite of mosquitoes and other insects.
Mucous membranes : respiratory tract infection can occur through inhalation of
aerosols through the respiratory tract. Infection through food channels through the
food and drinks are ingested. Infections of the eyes from direct contact with
pathogens.
b. Prevention action in general
1) Three general requirements for the handling of pathogens:
Pathogens should be handled in an appropriate facility.
Researchers need to understand proper aseptic procedure, sterilization and
disinfection.
Appropriate response methods for pathogens in the laboratory must be followed
carefully.
2) In the laboratory
Always use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Wash hands and fingers with disinfectant after conducting experiments with
pathogens.
Handle with care the equipment, culture media, sewage, animal parts, and
contaminated lab table and sterilize it properly.
Handle samples properly to avoid aerosol formation.
To avoid injury, please handle with care syringes and other sharp instruments. Put
the needle and other equipment that could cause injury in a hard container and
sterilize them before disposal.
Do not leave the lab by wearing lab coat (working clothes).

15
III.6. Working with Radiation
a. Protection from the dangers of laser radiation
To be able to work safely with equipment using laser, there are three types of controls that need to
be implemented such as:
1) Engineering control
Safety devices that must be available on equipment that uses laser are:
Enclosure
Interlocks
Beam stop and filters
The laboratory shall have adequate lighting so that eye pupils work in a small possible
state.
2) Administrative control
Label contains required safety information
Authorization procedure of laser use
Proper training
Adequate warning sign
3) Personal protective equipment
Appropriate eye protective equipment that is suitable to the laser type must be
available

Table III.6.1. Laser classification table


Class Description Details
1 SAFE 1. The output is very low which is safe or 2. Laser is in
totally closed system.
2 LOW POWER: For the case of CW (continuous wave), eye protection
Visible CW and is usually obtained from a natural rejection response.
pulsed laser Hazards can be controlled in a relatively simple
manner.

3A LOW-MEDIUM Expansion of class 2. Protection is derived from a


POWER natural rejection response, but direct sighting of
intrabeam with optical aids may be hazardous. It must
be controlled.

3B MEDIUM POWER The danger of seeing direct rays and the reflection of
the straight. More detailed control required.

16
Class Description Details
4 HIGH POWER The danger of seeing the rays directly, straight from the
reflection and diffuse reflection. Very strict controls
are required.

b. Protection from the secondary dangers of laser radiation


Some secondary hazards associated with the use of laser are:

1) Electrical hazards from major equipment used, in particular high-voltage power supply and
from capacitor for pulsed laser.
2) Electrical hazards from supporting equipment used.
3) Mechanical hazards of motors, pumps and other equipment.
4) Strong light sources used to generate the laser.
5) The use of hazardous chemicals.
6) Waste of toxic and hazardous material produced.
7) The explosion of the equipment used.
8) Fire.
9) Cryogenic cooling.
10) The formation of ozone and NOx.
11) Formtion of X -rays.

c. General safety procedures


In general, several aspects related to the safety that must be followed are:
1) Use laser as small as possible.
2) Avoid exposure of intra -beam into the eye with the appropriate design of equipment.
3) Laser equipment needs to be operated in a separate place to give access only to well trained
person.
4) Proper equipment cover is important to prevent exposure of laser radiation to the surrounding
areas.
5) The direction of laser should be kept constant.
6) Avoid unwanted laser reflections by using a coated optical material that minimizes light
reflection.
7) Avoid the running of laser equipment without supervision.
8) Safety interlocks are always examined and maintained.
9) Ensuring everyone who works with laser to wear appropriate eye protection.

17
IV. Rules

IV.1 Laboratory work


a. General
Rules before working in laboratory
1) Eligible to work in the laboratory:
For researchers: show a research proposal that was signed by the laboratory supervisor.
For labwork students: they should have followed the safety briefing held by the SHE team
of Chemical Engineering Department, UGM.
2) Has completed RISK ASSESSMENT (RA) form:
To ensure that everyone who works in the laboratory understand any potential hazards during
the lab work, everyone is required to complete the RA form which includes hazard
identification and the Safety Work Contract in the Laboratory.
For researchers and internship students: the RA form have been approved by the supervisor,
the head of the laboratory and SHE coordinator.
For labwork students:the RA have been approved by the supervisor or the head of the
laboratory.
3) Understand where and how to use emergency safety equipment, including safety shower,
eyewash station and fire extinguisher (APAR).
4) Understand the emergency procedures, alarm signals and evacuation routes.
5) Know the type and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
6) Understand the working procedures and operational procedure of lab equipment.

b. Rules during working in laboratory


1) Always wear minimum PPE such as: goggles (safety glasses), a lab coat and closed shoes.
Others PPE are needed to adjust with the type of experiment. People who wear spectacles
are still obliged to use protective glasses.
2) It is everyone responsibility to comply with the working procedures and standard procedure
to use equipment.
3) Laboratory equipment must be used according to their functionality.
4) Unsafe conditions and unsafe acts must be reported to the laboratory staff or supervisor.
For example, the presence of broken electric cable and improper use of flame .
5) Consult supervisor and fill permit form signed by head of the laboratory to leave unattended
experiments.
6) Chemicals transportation between laboratories must be equipped with special tools (eg:
bottle carrier).
7) Always put official labels while storing waste material as a result of experimental work.
8) Do not block any access to safety equipment, hallways and doors.
9) Do not jokes while working or sleep over in the laboratory.
10) Do not use any devices that blocks hearing. For example, wearing a headset may cause you
unaware of alarm sirene.
11) It is prohibited to prepare, store or consume food or drink in the laboratory.
12) No smoking in the laboratory.

18
13) For those who work outside official working hours are required to fill out a permit form
signed by the head of laboratory. It is also prohibited to work alone outside official working
hours.

c. Rules after working in laboratory


1) Remove all temporary cables and power tools (eg: plug and cable connections).
2) Clean the tools and workplaces, put and restore all tools to the proper place.
3) Process or place experimental waste in the provisional space.
4) Ensure that the workplace and laboratories in a safe state. For example turn off electricity,
lights, water faucets or gas faucet.
5) Wash your hands with soap and water before leaving the laboratory.

IV.2 Chemical material storage


In general, materials and equipments are stored in proper cabinets or racks designed for storage
purposes.

1) Avoid storing materials and equipment on top of the wardrobe. If it is required to store
materials / equipment on top of cabinets, provide a blank space at least 18 inches from the
sprinkler head (a tool for firefighters sprayed water) or (if sprinklers are not available) 24
inches from the ceiling.
2) Make sure that the weight of chemicals do not exceed the maximum load of the cabinet or
rack.
3) Shelves which are mounted on the wall should be equipped with strong frame. Such shelves
are not recommended for chemical storage.
4) Cabinets for chemical storage should be made of strong and sturdy materials, preferably
metal or hardwood.
5) Do not store materials on top of a high cupboard where the materials are hardly visible or
accessible.
6) Do not store corrosive liquids in a higher place than human eye.
7) Provide a special storage place for any type of chemicals and restore it to its original position
after each use.
8) Do not store chemicals in the fume hood, except for the chemicals that are being used.
9) If a chemical storage cabinets do not require well-ventilation, keep the chemicals inside a
closed cupboard or on a shelf with barrier to prevent chemicals from falling in the event of
an accident or fire.
10) Avoid direct chemical exposure to heat or sunlight.
11) Follow all rules regarding the storage of chemicals that are not compatible with each other
(mixing chemicals that can cause a dangerous condition).
12) Use storage/secondary packaging made of corrosion-resistant material, if the original
packaging is damaged or leaking.
13) Separate refrigerators for chemicals storage with a refrigerator for food storage. Every
refrigerator should be installed label "No Food" or "Food Only".
14) Do not store flammable liquids in the refrigerator, unless the fridge was designed for that
purpose. Refrigerators that can be used for storage of flammable materials do not contain
components that can generate sparks to avoid the danger of explosion.

19
15) Chemical storage cabinet that are placed outside the laboratory (eg: in the
hallways/corridors) must be labeled properly showing the name of the laboratory and
research groups who own and use.

IV.3 Working with process scale-up


Increasing the scale of a reaction from its original size, for example an increase of production
from a few milligrams to more than 100 g, has larger risks. Behavior, procedures and control of
large-scale reactions are basically the same as the small scale reaction. Nevertheless, the difference
in heat transfer, the effect of stirring, dissolution time and the effect of the concentration and
amount of materials need special attention. Careful planning and consultation with an experienced
worker are required to anticipate for all possibilities that may occur.

Although it is not always possible to measure the risk from a large-scale reaction, hazard
evaluation must be conducted if there are conditions such as:

a. Raw materials or intermediate materials containing functional groups that are known to
explode (eg bonds N- N, N-O, N-halogen, O-O, and O-halogen).
b. Reactants or products are not stable at temperatures near the operating temperature. Initial
testing can be conducted by heating a small amount of material in a melting point tube.
c. A delayed reaction, which is a reaction that required induction period.
d. Side product is in gaseous form.
e. The reaction is exothermic. Consider what you can do to cool down if the reaction began to
be out of control (run-away reaction).
f. The reaction takes a long reflux. Consider what would happen if the solvent is depleted due
to poor condensation.
g. Reactions that require temperatures below 0C. Consider what would happen if the reaction
is heated to room temperature.

In addition, various phenomena related to heat may not be detected in a small scale but will
generate a significant effect on a large scale. Thermal analysis techniques should be performed to
determine the process modifications that may be required.

IV.4 Unattended experiment


Experiments in the laboratory involving toxic and hazardous material are sometimes required
to run continuously for 24 hours unattended. In this case, the researchers are responsible for
designing the experiments to prevent the escape of toxic and hazardous material in the case of
interruption of utility services such as electricity, cooling water and inert gas.
a. The lights should be left on in the laboratory and warning sign should be posted to give
information about the experiments as well as toxic and hazardous material that are currently
running in the experiment.
b. If possible, there should be arrangements for the other workers who periodically conduct
inspections.

20
c. Phone number of responsible person should be posted to be contacted in emergency case.
d. Careful attention is needed to store chemicals and equipment properly. Consider the
possibility of fire, explosion or undesirable reactions.

IV.5 Solo working


People who work using toxic and hazardous material should not work alone. When working
alone, other people who have the ability to come and give aid must be within the range of eye
contact or voice.
a. If working alone can not be avoided then the worker must have a phone to contact another
person who can be relied upon to help, at least every 30 minutes.
b. If there is no other people in the lab, coordination with others who work in the building is
needed (contact them periodically).
Research supervisor or principal investigator is responsible to decide if the work requires
special treatment, for example two people must be present in the same room to do certain activities.

IV.6 Personal protective equipment


PPE is a special tool that is used to protect human from highly toxic and hazardous substance
(B3). This is the last protection system and it is used if engineering control is not sufficient. PPE
does not reduce or eliminate hazards, it only protect the wearer and does not protect the others.

PPE includes gloves, protective breath, eye protection and protective clothing. The needs of
PPE depends on the type of work and the nature and the amount of used materials which is
considered on a case by case basis. Workers who wear PPE should know the benefit, how to use
it correctly and limitations of the PPE. Further information can be found in the Personal Protective
Equipment Instruction.

21
IV.7 Incident report
All accidents, injuries or near miss incidents should be reported to the supervisor or principal
investigator. If the lab workers felt he had too much exposure to chemicals, he should contact SHE
team even without visible symptoms. SHE team will contact the corresponding workers and head
of the laboratory for investigation.
SHE team of Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada promotes a
culture of reporting incidents and nearmiss events. Every related incidents with SHE should be
reported using the existing standard form (attached). An incident report is prepared by the
corresponding workers to be known lab assistant and the head of laboratory.
To establish a safe working environment, any existing incident reports will be followed up
with an investigation in accordance with the incident levels, as follows:
a. If the incident caused the near accident, an investigation carried out by the lab assistant
and head of laboratory are necessary to determine preventive measures.
b. If the incident caused a minor accident, an investigation conducted by the SHE
Coordinator and head of laboratory is needed to determine its root cause and proper
action.
c. If such incidents cause severe accidents, an investigation will be carried out by a team
formed by the Chairman of the Department and SHE. Meeting will conducted to
determine the action needed.
This investigation is not intended to indicate the guilty part or responsible party for an event.
Every conducted investigation should recommend the necessary measures to prevent the
occurrence of similar incidents in the future.

IV.8 Waste treatment


Hazardous waste must be processed according to the regulation, from Chemical Engineering
Department building to the point where this waste will be disposed that this waste already meets
the standard or transferred to professional who is competent in waste treatment.
Hazardous waste is solid, liquid or gas substances that indicate hazardous characteristics or
certain chemical/biological material that is specifically registered as hazardous waste. Waste that
is not registered as hazardous waste, may be categorized as a hazardous waste if it contains at least
one hazard characteristic.

a. Hazardous waste characteristic


For chemical waste the characteristics of "dangerous" are ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity and
toxicity. A material is said to have the characteristics of "ignitability" if these ingredients are:

1) Liquids that have a flash point of less than 140oF (= 60oC).


2) Solids and able ignite spontaneously in normal conditions of pressure and temperature.
3) Oxidants.
4) Gas-pressurized that is flammable.

22
Some examples of materials which have the characteristics of "ignitability" is ethanol, sodium
nitrate, hydrogen gas, xylene, and acetone. A material is said to have the characteristics of
"corrosivity" if these ingredients are:
1) Aqueous solution pH of less than or equal to 2, or greater than or equal to 12.5.
2) Characteristic "corrosivity" is not applicable to solid or non-aqueous liquid material.
Some examples of materials which have the characteristics of "corrosivity" is hydrochloric acid,
nitric acid, and sodium hydroxide. A material is said to have the characteristics of "reactivity" if
these ingredients are:
1) The materials react very quickly or produce toxic vapors if the material is mixed with water.
2) Waste containing cyanide or sulfide which releases toxic vapors if the waste is mixed with
water.
3) Materials which in normal conditions are unstable or explosive.
Some examples of materials which have the characteristics of "reactivity" is the sodium metal,
reactive sulfide compound, potassium cyanide, and picric acid. Characteristics of "toxicity" is
owned by the waste that can contaminate groundwater if disposed improperly. These materials are
classified as hazardous waste because the shelter can waste certain toxic materials into the
environment.

b. Waste storage in laboratory


Each location in the Chemical Engineering Department, UGM which produce and store
chemical/biological waste provisionally is known as Satellite Accumulation Area (SAA). Some
aspects regarding SAA are:

1) Provision of a waste area


Establish a waste collection area, close to the site where the waste is generated.
Waste is banned to be transported out of the lab to the waste collection locations that is
distant from the laboratory, unless done by the professionals.
Liquid waste should be stored in a special container.
Hint of 1a, b, and c must be installed near the location of waste collection.
2) Waste Collection
Each container labeled by the standards label of the Chemical Engineering Department
when the waste is put in a waste container for the first time.
Label must be completely filled.
The cap of container should always be securely fastened during storage, except when the
addition of waste. IT IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED TO MIX WASTE EXCEPT THE
COMPATIBILITY OF THE WASTE HAVE BEEN KNOWN.
3) Requests waste collection

Waste retrieval request is addressed to SHE team.


Furthermore SHE team will decide which waste will be processed in to the integrated waste
management of the Department of Chemical Engineering, UGM, and waste will be
processed coordinated by the university.

23
SHE team will not process waste if the labels are not filled out completely.
The amount of waste that accumulates in the SAA should not exceed 55 gallons. For materials
that can lead to acute poisoning, the maximum amount of waste that can accumulate in the SAA
is 1 liter. Some examples of chemicals that can lead to acute poisoning is sodium acid, osmium
tetroxide and sodium cyanide, On the potential acute poisoning some types of chemicals, MSDS
for the chemicals in question can be used as an alternative reference. Consultation to tutors and
SHE Officer can be done during the Risk Assessment of the potential acute chemical poisoning.
If the amount of waste deposited in the SAA has exceeded the allowable amount, SHE team must
be immediately contacted to coordinate the collection of waste. Waste may only be accumulated
in the SAA for 12 months maximum, although the amount has not exceeded the allowable
maximum amount.

c. Containers requirements
Waste container must meet following requirements:

1) Still in good condition.


2) Compatible with the stored waste.
3) Always be closed except during the addition process.
4) Plastered with label from Department of Chemical Engineering UGM standard that has been
filled with the required information.
5) If the waste is a chemical that has been expired, the original container can be used and standard
labels of Chemical Engineering Department UGM is not required as long as the original labels
remain readable.
6) Waste should always be in the lab before being taken by SHE team.
7) It is prohibited to put waste container in public areas.

24
d. Standard label in Chemical Engineering Department UGM

All waste container must be attached by standard label by Chemical Engineering Department
UGM when the waste is inserted into the container for the first time. When the label is attached
to the container, information about the contact person and the chemicals should have been
filled. Information about the percentage of new chemical mixture is written when the container
is fully filled. Contact person is responsible for taking notes so that when the container is full,
contact person can perform calculations waste composition. Prohibited to use chemical
symbol, abbreviation or code to identify waste.

IV.9 Contractor labors


Each partner involved in work in the Department of Chemical Engineering, such as
construction, equipment services, cleaning services, etc, shall observe SHE aspects to ensure the
safety and health of workers concerned as well as the Department of Chemical Engineering. The
things to be concerned for each partner include:
a. Companies and workers are obliged to obey any rules related to the SHE in the Department
of Chemical Engineering.
b. Workers must show work permit of the infrastructure when work will begin.

25
c. Required to follow safety breifing conducted by SHE team and infrastructures at the
beginning of the work or the contract. In the event of workers exchange within the contract
period, new workers are also required to report to the section of infrastructures and follow
the safety briefing beforehand.
d. Each worker must wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in accordance with the level
of occupational risk.
e. Obedience companies and workers against SHE aspects will be evaluated by the related
parties.
f. Department of Chemical Engineering reserves the right to terminate any type of contract and
job that is suspected neglecting aspects of SHE without financial consequences. This
regulation included in any agreements made by the Department.

IV.10 SHE rules violation


With the commitment of the Chemical Engineering Department, any regulations related to
SHE must be guaranteed for its implementation. All students who are working in the laboratory
are required to comply with the Rules of Work in the laboratory as mentioned in this document as
well as additional rules and guidelines given in practical/specific research. Students who break the
Rules of Work in the laboratory will be given to the following sanctions:
a. First violation: Warning.
b. Second violation: For practitioner, dropped out from the class of the practicum and failed in
the practicum subject. For researcher, asked to stop the running experiment and prohibited
to work for 7 days in a row.
c. Third violation: The practicum or the research is cancelled for that semester.

26
V. AUDIT SYSTEM

V.1 Internal audit


To ensure the implementation of good SHE system and continuous improvement, system
audits are conducted regularly in various levels. The aim of this internal audit to evaluate
compliance with SHE aspects that have been determined. Based on data from incident reports and
input of existing, internal audit carried out by a team formed by the Chairman of the Department
and held at least once a year. The audit results shall be reported to the Chairman of the Department
which includes the following matters:
a. The performance of each party in the Department of SHE aspects.
b. Obedience evaluation of any existing activity.
c. Identification of opportunities for improvement that needed.
The dissemination of the results of the audit conducted by the Department, concerned to repair
SHE aspects continuously.

V.2 External audit


External audit is conducted by qualified assessors appointed by the Chairman of the
Department and held at least once in three years. In its implementation, the team must be
accompanied by an external audit to get the results that the objective of the existing conditions.
The audit results are reported to the Chairman of the Department.

27
Attachment

28
SAFETY, HEALTH, & ENVIRONMENT (SHE)
GUIDELINE
JUNE 2016
Contact: rochimbakti@ugm.ac.id 29

You might also like