Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SAFETY
HEALTH
ENVIRONMENT
PROTOCOL
Editor:
Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) Team
Chemical Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Universitas Gadjah Mada
I. INTRODUCTION 1
I.1 OSHE Policy of UGM 1
I.2 OSHE Policy at Chemical Engineering Department, UGM 2
I.3 Organizational structure of SHE Team 2
IV. RULES 18
IV.1 Laboratory work 18
IV.2 Chemical material storage 19
IV.3 Working with process scale-up 20
IV.4 Unattended experiment 20
IV.5 Solo working 21
IV.6 Personal protective equipment 21
IV.7 Incident report 22
IV.8 Waste treatment 22
IV.9 Contractor labours 25
IV.10 SHE rules violation 26
V. AUDIT SYSTEM 27
V.1 Internal audit 27
V.2 External audit 27
I. INTRODUCTION
Universitas Gadjah Mada is committed to ensure safety and health of all lecturers, staffs, students
and related parties, as well as preserving and protecting environment in Universitas Gadjah Mada.
In order to strengthen the commitment above, Universitas Gadjah Mada is committed to conduct
following policies:
1. Include Occupational Safety, Health and Environment (OSHE) Policy as an important part
of university policy.
2. Conform and implement every rules related to Occupational Safety, Health and
Environment (OSHE).
3. Apply management system of Occupational Safety, Health and Environment (OSHE)
Policy in Universitas Gadjah Mada.
4. Conduct coaching and training regularly to ensure all academicians understand and
implement the rules of Occupational Safety, Health and Environment (OSHE).
These policies call upon responsibility from all stakeholders at Universitas Gadjah Mada with the
support of the university by providing professional and competent services.
University Rector,
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I.2 Occupational Safety, Health and Environment (OSHE) Policy at Chemical
Engineering Department, UGM.
It is obligatory for all parties (including lecturers, staffs and students) to take laboratory safety
induction which is conducted by SHE team. The induction program consists of explanation on
basic principles of safety in laboratory. In addition, any sources that may provide supportive
information related to the induction program such as hazardous and toxic substance destruction.
Additional explanations about safety procedure for special materials or tools are given by the
research/labwork supervisor. SHE team provides training, human resource and consultation for
any laboratory safety issues including chemical material safety, electrical safety and other safety
related issues. In addition, Chemical Engineering Department provides SHE webpage to show
information on any aspects related to laboratory safety.
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b. SHE team element
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II. GENERAL GUIDELINE
II.2. Emergency
In the case of emergencies such as fires, large spills of hazardous chemical substances, injuries,
explosions and a medical emergency in a lab, immediate call to the following emergency
numbers can be made:
Chemical Engineering Department SHE team will respond and determine if any other helps are
needed. The standard action procedure in emergency situation has been made by Chemical
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Engineering Department including the appointment of emergency safety coordinator (SHE
coordinator) as well as directing the appropriate assembly point. Emergency safety coordinator
is the key person to be contacted to obtain any information regarding emergency procedures
and emergency response procedures. In an event where emergency evacuation is needed, all
residents of the building should reach and gather at an assembly point. Everyone should be
counted by the emergency safety coordinator before they can be allowed to leave the assembly
point. In addition, any safety officials (such as firefighters) are required to enter the building to
find possible people that might still get trapped inside the building. In addition, everyone has
to ensure themselves that they understand the emergency action procedures.
In a fire situation, firefighters must be contacted directly through appropriate phone number as
abovementioned. Some notes during fire situations are enlisted below:
a. In principle, individual person is not obligatory to extinguish the fire, however any
experienced volunteers may take part to extinguish relatively small fire such as trash burning
if they have been trained to use a fire extinguisher.
a. If you have been trained to use a fire extinguisher, sweep the fire from your escape side.
b. An enclosed fire (such as inside container) can be extinguished by covering the container
tightly.
b. If your clothes catches fire, extinguish it immediately by using a safety shower.
c. If the fire gets bigger and to spread out, press the fire alarm button in the building to warn
all residents to leave the building immediately. If the alarm does not work or no alarm
available in the building, warn all residents by screaming out loudly. If possible, shut down
all devices that has potential to escalate the fire. Fume hood must remain on to suck the
smoke. Eventually, close the door behind you to prevent the spread of fire.
d. Leave building as soon as possible and gather in assembly point. Wait for the officer in
charged to arrive at the location. Upon their arrival, if requested, give all details about
location, fire condition and information regarding chemical substances in the laboratory.
e. Do not enter the building until an official permit is released by the officials or firefighters.
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II.5. Insurance
All issues related to the health insurance for employees and students at university follow the
general policies in GMC, BPJS, or other kind of insurance.
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III. SPECIAL CONDITIONS
III.1. Working with electricity
A number of electrical equipment / devices are commonly used as daily tools on campus. Faults
in the handling and the use of electrical equipment may result on accidents due to electric shock
or fire. This section will provide information on the hazards of electric current and its prevention
methods.
a. The hazard of electric shock
There are four types of accidents that can be caused by an electric current: an electric shock
resulting in death (electrocution), electric shock, burns and falls. The accident usually occured
by:
1) Direct contact with the electricity network.
2) Leap of electricity current from the open power grid to the human body.
3) Burns from contact with hot equipment, fire from burning equipment exposed to sparks or
electricity (electric arc flash).
4) Electric shock which results on people falling down from an elevated place.
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c. First aid on electric shock accidents victim
First of all, the helper needs to turn off the power before helping the victim. If the power is not
possible to be switched off, then the helper must help the victim by pulling the victim to be away
from the power source for instance by using wooden stick or dry clothes/fabrics. Once the victim
is already rescued from the power source, please follow the instructions on first aid guide (Section
II.3) for further aid.
2) During operation
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Do not leave machine running without any supervision.
Always use brush or other aprropriate tools to take flakes of the material inside running
machine.
If the machine stops running suddenly, please immediately turn off the main power source
and check if there is any failure.
Pay attention if there is any abnormal vibration and sound.
3) Post-operation
Ensure that the machine is properly turned off and stops running before collecting samples
from the machine.
Do not force the machine to stop using your hand or any tools.
Ensure that the main switch is off.
4) Safety Equipment
Safety equipment such as, safety cap to prevent flakes from machine or to cover the
moving/rotating part of the machine. In addition, it is expected that all machined are equipped with
safety features (preferably double layer protection).
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Flammable liquids require specific storage conditions. For more information, see the instruction
for flammable material handling.
2). Acid
Mineral acids such as phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acir
and perchloric acid can be stored in a fume hood which is designed for corrosive
acids. The cabinet is made of nonmetallic materials, coated with acid resistant
material. In addition the lab floor is made to be able to accommodate acid spill.
Volatile acids, such as oleum or fuming nitric acid that have been opened should be
stored in special ventilated cabinets, such as the bottom of the fume hood.
Concentrated mineral acids can be very reactive.
Even concentrated acids can be very reactive with a dilute solution from the same
acid under rapid mixing. For example: concentrated sulfuric acid rapidly mixed with
1 M of sulfuric acid will release large amounts of heat. Acid with different
concentrations should be kept separate. If they are stored in the same cabinet, use
trays/plastic buckets to separate them.
Acetic acid is an organic acid and must be kept separate from mineral acids. As acetic
acid can burn, it should be stored with other flammable liquids.
Picric acid can form salts which may explode if it reacts with metals. Picric acid
crystals is also explosive.
Perchloric acid is a very strong oxidizing agent and should be kept away from all
organic materials, including wood.
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d. Spill prevention
Most of the spill could have been avoided. Here are some tips that can be conducted to prevent
or reduce the magnitude of the spill:
1) Place containers of chemicals in a fume hood or working table with minimum risk of
fall (possibilities of inadvertently nudged).
2) Put all chemicals that are not used in an appropriate storage place and keep the work
place clean and free from unnecessary objects.
3) Plan every move. Pay attention to where you're going to avoid possible spills.
4) Avoid moving the chemicals through the corridor of the building when it is crowded
(for instance avoid the crowds during the time between class changes).
5) Move the chemicals using appropriate stroller / table with wheels.
6) Place a sheet of plastic that can absorb chemicals above the table or a fume hood
where chemical spills are probable. If the fluid volume is greater than the absorption
capacity, use trays instead.
e. Transportation of chemicals
Spills and chemical exposure may occur when the material is moved incorrectly although it
only moved from different parts in the laboratory room. To avoid such occurrences, consider
following matters:
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1) Chemical substances on skin or clothes
Immediately rinse with water not less than 15 minutes (except for fluoride acid, flammable
solids or phenol > 10 %). For exposure in a large scale, use a safety shower.
During the rinsing, immediately remove contaminated clothing and jewelry. Immediate
action is needed.
Be careful when removing the shirt or sweater without buttons, to prevent eye contamination.
Read MSDS to know the consequences that would arise later.
Remove contaminated clothing or wash separately from other clothing. Material from leather
cannot be decontaminated and should be discarded.
Do not use solvent to rinse the skin. Solvents will remove the protective oils from the skin
and cause irritation and inflammation. Under certain conditions rinsing with solvents can
accelerate the absorption of toxic materials. For flammable solids that are exposed to skin, first
remove the material as much of the skin and then follow the above procedures. For hydrofluoric
acid, rinse with water for 5 minutes followed by the use of calcium gluconate (calcium gluconate)
2.5%. If not available, continue flushing for 15 minutes with water then seek immediate medical
attention to the nearest hospital's emergency unit.
2) Chemical substances on eyes
Immediately rinse eyes with water for at least 15 minutes. Eyes must be forced open while
rinsing and eyeballs should be rotated so that the entire surface is rinsed. It is better to use
eye showers (eye wash fountain) so that the hands can freely hold both eyes to open. If eyes
shower is not available, pour water into the eye, rinse from the nose to the outside to prevent
contamination to the eye that is not exposed to the chemicals.
Remove contact lenses DURING the flushing. Do not waste time to remove contact lenses
before flushing. Do not try to rinse and re-establish contact lenses.
Immediately consult a medical officer. If you need an ambulance immediately contact the
officer in charge at the above phone number. Explain what chemicals are exposed. If possible
bring it as well as its MSDS.
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III.4. Working with pressurized gas
Many types of gas are used in the laboratory and they should be handled with caution.
a. Gas classification and its properties
1) Flammable gas : H2, CO, NH3, H2S, methane, propane, etc.
2) Oxidizing gas : O2, O3, Cl2, NO, NO2, etc.
3) Explosive gas : mixture of oxidizing gas and flammable gas.
4) Inert gas : N2, He, Ar, etc.
5) Toxic gas : CO, CO2, NH3, halogens, hydrogen halides, H2S, arsine, HCN, phosgene,
silanes, ozone, etc.
6) Corrosive gas : Cl2, HCl, ozone, etc.
7) Pressurized gas : some gases are stored in high pressure and requires proper handling.
8) Liquefied gas and compressed gas : nitrogen, He, dry ice, LPG, etc.
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III.5. Working with biological substances
Biological materials (blood, feces, bone, etc) and/or living creatures (animals, microbes, plants,
etc) are often used in laboratories. Therefore, researchers need to know the potential hazard that
may result from the material and living creatures as well as the way to minimize the risk.
a. The risks by working with biological material (biohazard)
Biohazards are harmful effects caused by pathogenic organisms and its metabolic derivatives to
humans or other organisms.
1) Types and characteristic of pathogen
2) Pathogens can cause illness and death if it enters the body. Pathogens include: viruses,
bacteria, fungi, parasites, prions, and toxins.
3) Pathogen infection route
4) Pathogens can enter the body through the skin and mucous membranes. These infections can
be explained as follows:
Skin : infection occurs through wound in the skin or by needle stick, nails, broken
glass or through the bite of mosquitoes and other insects.
Mucous membranes : respiratory tract infection can occur through inhalation of
aerosols through the respiratory tract. Infection through food channels through the
food and drinks are ingested. Infections of the eyes from direct contact with
pathogens.
b. Prevention action in general
1) Three general requirements for the handling of pathogens:
Pathogens should be handled in an appropriate facility.
Researchers need to understand proper aseptic procedure, sterilization and
disinfection.
Appropriate response methods for pathogens in the laboratory must be followed
carefully.
2) In the laboratory
Always use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Wash hands and fingers with disinfectant after conducting experiments with
pathogens.
Handle with care the equipment, culture media, sewage, animal parts, and
contaminated lab table and sterilize it properly.
Handle samples properly to avoid aerosol formation.
To avoid injury, please handle with care syringes and other sharp instruments. Put
the needle and other equipment that could cause injury in a hard container and
sterilize them before disposal.
Do not leave the lab by wearing lab coat (working clothes).
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III.6. Working with Radiation
a. Protection from the dangers of laser radiation
To be able to work safely with equipment using laser, there are three types of controls that need to
be implemented such as:
1) Engineering control
Safety devices that must be available on equipment that uses laser are:
Enclosure
Interlocks
Beam stop and filters
The laboratory shall have adequate lighting so that eye pupils work in a small possible
state.
2) Administrative control
Label contains required safety information
Authorization procedure of laser use
Proper training
Adequate warning sign
3) Personal protective equipment
Appropriate eye protective equipment that is suitable to the laser type must be
available
3B MEDIUM POWER The danger of seeing direct rays and the reflection of
the straight. More detailed control required.
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Class Description Details
4 HIGH POWER The danger of seeing the rays directly, straight from the
reflection and diffuse reflection. Very strict controls
are required.
1) Electrical hazards from major equipment used, in particular high-voltage power supply and
from capacitor for pulsed laser.
2) Electrical hazards from supporting equipment used.
3) Mechanical hazards of motors, pumps and other equipment.
4) Strong light sources used to generate the laser.
5) The use of hazardous chemicals.
6) Waste of toxic and hazardous material produced.
7) The explosion of the equipment used.
8) Fire.
9) Cryogenic cooling.
10) The formation of ozone and NOx.
11) Formtion of X -rays.
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IV. Rules
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13) For those who work outside official working hours are required to fill out a permit form
signed by the head of laboratory. It is also prohibited to work alone outside official working
hours.
1) Avoid storing materials and equipment on top of the wardrobe. If it is required to store
materials / equipment on top of cabinets, provide a blank space at least 18 inches from the
sprinkler head (a tool for firefighters sprayed water) or (if sprinklers are not available) 24
inches from the ceiling.
2) Make sure that the weight of chemicals do not exceed the maximum load of the cabinet or
rack.
3) Shelves which are mounted on the wall should be equipped with strong frame. Such shelves
are not recommended for chemical storage.
4) Cabinets for chemical storage should be made of strong and sturdy materials, preferably
metal or hardwood.
5) Do not store materials on top of a high cupboard where the materials are hardly visible or
accessible.
6) Do not store corrosive liquids in a higher place than human eye.
7) Provide a special storage place for any type of chemicals and restore it to its original position
after each use.
8) Do not store chemicals in the fume hood, except for the chemicals that are being used.
9) If a chemical storage cabinets do not require well-ventilation, keep the chemicals inside a
closed cupboard or on a shelf with barrier to prevent chemicals from falling in the event of
an accident or fire.
10) Avoid direct chemical exposure to heat or sunlight.
11) Follow all rules regarding the storage of chemicals that are not compatible with each other
(mixing chemicals that can cause a dangerous condition).
12) Use storage/secondary packaging made of corrosion-resistant material, if the original
packaging is damaged or leaking.
13) Separate refrigerators for chemicals storage with a refrigerator for food storage. Every
refrigerator should be installed label "No Food" or "Food Only".
14) Do not store flammable liquids in the refrigerator, unless the fridge was designed for that
purpose. Refrigerators that can be used for storage of flammable materials do not contain
components that can generate sparks to avoid the danger of explosion.
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15) Chemical storage cabinet that are placed outside the laboratory (eg: in the
hallways/corridors) must be labeled properly showing the name of the laboratory and
research groups who own and use.
Although it is not always possible to measure the risk from a large-scale reaction, hazard
evaluation must be conducted if there are conditions such as:
a. Raw materials or intermediate materials containing functional groups that are known to
explode (eg bonds N- N, N-O, N-halogen, O-O, and O-halogen).
b. Reactants or products are not stable at temperatures near the operating temperature. Initial
testing can be conducted by heating a small amount of material in a melting point tube.
c. A delayed reaction, which is a reaction that required induction period.
d. Side product is in gaseous form.
e. The reaction is exothermic. Consider what you can do to cool down if the reaction began to
be out of control (run-away reaction).
f. The reaction takes a long reflux. Consider what would happen if the solvent is depleted due
to poor condensation.
g. Reactions that require temperatures below 0C. Consider what would happen if the reaction
is heated to room temperature.
In addition, various phenomena related to heat may not be detected in a small scale but will
generate a significant effect on a large scale. Thermal analysis techniques should be performed to
determine the process modifications that may be required.
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c. Phone number of responsible person should be posted to be contacted in emergency case.
d. Careful attention is needed to store chemicals and equipment properly. Consider the
possibility of fire, explosion or undesirable reactions.
PPE includes gloves, protective breath, eye protection and protective clothing. The needs of
PPE depends on the type of work and the nature and the amount of used materials which is
considered on a case by case basis. Workers who wear PPE should know the benefit, how to use
it correctly and limitations of the PPE. Further information can be found in the Personal Protective
Equipment Instruction.
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IV.7 Incident report
All accidents, injuries or near miss incidents should be reported to the supervisor or principal
investigator. If the lab workers felt he had too much exposure to chemicals, he should contact SHE
team even without visible symptoms. SHE team will contact the corresponding workers and head
of the laboratory for investigation.
SHE team of Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada promotes a
culture of reporting incidents and nearmiss events. Every related incidents with SHE should be
reported using the existing standard form (attached). An incident report is prepared by the
corresponding workers to be known lab assistant and the head of laboratory.
To establish a safe working environment, any existing incident reports will be followed up
with an investigation in accordance with the incident levels, as follows:
a. If the incident caused the near accident, an investigation carried out by the lab assistant
and head of laboratory are necessary to determine preventive measures.
b. If the incident caused a minor accident, an investigation conducted by the SHE
Coordinator and head of laboratory is needed to determine its root cause and proper
action.
c. If such incidents cause severe accidents, an investigation will be carried out by a team
formed by the Chairman of the Department and SHE. Meeting will conducted to
determine the action needed.
This investigation is not intended to indicate the guilty part or responsible party for an event.
Every conducted investigation should recommend the necessary measures to prevent the
occurrence of similar incidents in the future.
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Some examples of materials which have the characteristics of "ignitability" is ethanol, sodium
nitrate, hydrogen gas, xylene, and acetone. A material is said to have the characteristics of
"corrosivity" if these ingredients are:
1) Aqueous solution pH of less than or equal to 2, or greater than or equal to 12.5.
2) Characteristic "corrosivity" is not applicable to solid or non-aqueous liquid material.
Some examples of materials which have the characteristics of "corrosivity" is hydrochloric acid,
nitric acid, and sodium hydroxide. A material is said to have the characteristics of "reactivity" if
these ingredients are:
1) The materials react very quickly or produce toxic vapors if the material is mixed with water.
2) Waste containing cyanide or sulfide which releases toxic vapors if the waste is mixed with
water.
3) Materials which in normal conditions are unstable or explosive.
Some examples of materials which have the characteristics of "reactivity" is the sodium metal,
reactive sulfide compound, potassium cyanide, and picric acid. Characteristics of "toxicity" is
owned by the waste that can contaminate groundwater if disposed improperly. These materials are
classified as hazardous waste because the shelter can waste certain toxic materials into the
environment.
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SHE team will not process waste if the labels are not filled out completely.
The amount of waste that accumulates in the SAA should not exceed 55 gallons. For materials
that can lead to acute poisoning, the maximum amount of waste that can accumulate in the SAA
is 1 liter. Some examples of chemicals that can lead to acute poisoning is sodium acid, osmium
tetroxide and sodium cyanide, On the potential acute poisoning some types of chemicals, MSDS
for the chemicals in question can be used as an alternative reference. Consultation to tutors and
SHE Officer can be done during the Risk Assessment of the potential acute chemical poisoning.
If the amount of waste deposited in the SAA has exceeded the allowable amount, SHE team must
be immediately contacted to coordinate the collection of waste. Waste may only be accumulated
in the SAA for 12 months maximum, although the amount has not exceeded the allowable
maximum amount.
c. Containers requirements
Waste container must meet following requirements:
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d. Standard label in Chemical Engineering Department UGM
All waste container must be attached by standard label by Chemical Engineering Department
UGM when the waste is inserted into the container for the first time. When the label is attached
to the container, information about the contact person and the chemicals should have been
filled. Information about the percentage of new chemical mixture is written when the container
is fully filled. Contact person is responsible for taking notes so that when the container is full,
contact person can perform calculations waste composition. Prohibited to use chemical
symbol, abbreviation or code to identify waste.
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c. Required to follow safety breifing conducted by SHE team and infrastructures at the
beginning of the work or the contract. In the event of workers exchange within the contract
period, new workers are also required to report to the section of infrastructures and follow
the safety briefing beforehand.
d. Each worker must wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in accordance with the level
of occupational risk.
e. Obedience companies and workers against SHE aspects will be evaluated by the related
parties.
f. Department of Chemical Engineering reserves the right to terminate any type of contract and
job that is suspected neglecting aspects of SHE without financial consequences. This
regulation included in any agreements made by the Department.
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V. AUDIT SYSTEM
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Attachment
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SAFETY, HEALTH, & ENVIRONMENT (SHE)
GUIDELINE
JUNE 2016
Contact: rochimbakti@ugm.ac.id 29