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AlAzharUniversity

FacultyofEngineering
ArchitectureDepartment







ArchitecturalComplementarilybetweenExisting
andnewTreatmentsinBuilding
Casestudy-Architecturaladditions.




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............................................................ Introduction
........................................Problem's Identification
.........................................................Objectives
.......................................................Methodology
.................................................Research Skeleton
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............................................................Accumulation --
...............................................................Subtraction --
..................................... Addition & Subtraction --
..............................................................Articulation --
................................................................Repetition --
......................................................... Transformation --
.........................
.................................................................... -
...................................................................... -
.................................................................. -
..................................................................... -
................................................................... -
................................................................. Color
................................... Nature and Properties
) ( ...............................................Hue -
) ( ...................................................... Value -
) ( ...................................................... Chromo -
.......................................................................
.............................................................Texture
............................................... Natural Materials
.............................................. Mixed Materials
......................................... Fabricated Materials
.............. Transparency & Solid and Void
........................................................... Transparency
........................................................ Solid and Void

II



:
...........................................................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................................Unity -
................................................................ Singularity
............................................................. Dominance
........................................................................ Size -
................................................................... Height -
.............................................Waved Lines -
................................................ Color & Texture -
.........................................................Contrast
................................................................ Harmony
.........................................Stability & Balance -
........................................ Symmetrical Stability
............................... Symmetrical Un Stability
...................................................................Rhythm -
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
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............................................................... --
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......................................................................Scale -
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.........................................Preservationist Vision
.................... Preserving Existing Character -

-
.............................. Achieving Visual Distinction New and Old
........................................... Revolutionist Vision
.............................Venice Charter 1964



""

....................... ICOMOS General Assembly in Budapest 1972


..Symposium of the National Trust for Historic Preservation - 1977
....................................... Theory of Disjunction -
................................. The Stylistic unity theory -
..........................
............. Harmony with the Existing Building -
... Harmony Through uniformity unity --
............... Harmony Through Analogy --
.................... Harmony Through Integration --
.................... Harmony Through Camouflage --
................... Harmony Through Reflection --
...............Contrast with the Existing Building -
..................................................... Total Contrast --
................................................. Partial Contrast --
........................................................................................
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XVIII

: Introduction



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:Problem's Identification

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contemporary architecture, making deliberate use of present-day techniques
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and aesthetic of the latter only in so far as due allowance is made for the
appropriate use of mass, scale, rhythm and appearance.

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Salama, Ashraf. Contemporary Architecture of Egypt, Cairo, 1999. )(
Papadakis, Andreas, The End of Innovation in Architecture, NA., 1993. )(

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Architectural Complementarily between Existing and new Treatments in Building Summary




SUMMARY:
Architectureisoneofthevitalartswhichareknowfordemostratingtheageofconstruction
including political, social, or economical impacts besides its visual influence upon people.
Thus, one might say that architecture is the applicable art that affects man innerly and
externaly.1

Architectscreateanddesignthearcheticturalcontextsthatlaterinfluenceus.Itsareciprocal
relationthat stressestheroleofarchitecture informing the urbanrealityandthecontextual
enviromentseffectuponmansbehaviour.

EgypthaswitnessedmanychangesinthelastdecadesstartingwithMohamedAliseraafter
theFrenchOccupation,theWWI,WWII,JulyRevolutionin1952,andpassingbytheTripal
Agressionin1956,theIsraeliOccupationinSinaiin1976andfinallythetriumphonthe6th
ofOctobre1973.Thislaterwarwasthestartingpointfortherealdevelopmentstagewiththe
fullmeaningoftheword.AnewcivilizationprogresswasgrowinginEgypt;newbuildings,
projects and architectural contexts. Thus, several new additions were introduced to the
existing buildings whichaffected theesthetic valuesof thebuilt enviroment because of the
designalandarchitecturalanarchy.

Thisarchitecturaldisorderwasduetothedisturbedarchitecturalconceptsthatdependedupon
randomimitationsofthebuiltenviromentignoringthedesignalandarchitecturalcharacterof
theexisting buildings.Aspeopleusuallytendtoevaluatethe builtenviroment accordingto
the external architectural view, such additions were often positively or negatively criticised
byexperts,criticsoreventhepuplicbecauseofitsdifferentdesignaspects.

Therefore, this study will expose the relationship between existing and new treatments in
valuablebuildingsandthepositiveornegativeeffectofsuchadditionsuponthecontinuityof
thecontext.

Problems Identification:
Problems identification is concerned with studying to what extent are the existing and the
new treatments compatible. This study will introduce the relation between the existing
architecturaldesignsandthenewadditionsthatmightaffectthebuiltenviromentpositively
ornegatively.

The motivation for this study:


Its the state of the existing local buildings designs that reveals a great lackness of
architectural integration between the aspects of the existing building and the new addition
that motivated such a study. Also, the carelessness of dealing with the valuable styles and
designs of the old existing buildingswhich created a case of chaos and anarchy due to the
irrelevantincompatibleadditionsasdemonstratedinfigure(1)


1
ErfanSamy,FunctionalTheoriesinArchitecture,Cairo.DarElMaaref,1966.

A
Architectural Complementarily between Existing and new Treatments in Building Summary



Imbalance between the existing

building & the new addition
New irrelevant additon with Inexpressive
no specific style or design architecture
the carelessness of dealing with
valuable styles & designs of the
existing buildings

Figure (1)

(A) (B) (C)

Figures (A, B & C) demonstrate some examples of this case study showing how some
architectsignoretheconditionofsomeoldexistingbuildingsbyaddingverticalextensions
withoutanyformerstudiesoftheirsylish,cultural,orarchitecturalaspects.Alam El Benaa
magazine, 3rd volume, Oct. 1981.

Objectives:
Themainobjectiveofthisstudyisansweringanessentialquestionofhowcanweachieve
integretybetweenthenewadditionsandtheexistingsurroundingsinthebuiltenviroment?,
throughpointingoutthearchitecturalmethodsofachievingthisintegrety.

Inordertomaintainthisgoalwehavetoemphasizesomesecondaryobjectivessuchas:
- Obseevingthestyleandtheoriginaldesignoftheexistingbuildings.
- Observingthearchitecturaladditionsandtheirpositiveornegativeinfluenceuponthe
styleandthedesignoftheexistingbuildings.
- Achievingacomparativeanalyticalmethodtoevaluatethesuccessorfailurofthe
reciprocalrelationbetweentheexistingidentityandtheinsertedone.

Thisstudyisbasedonamainhypothesisthatthe perfect insertion is the one that integrates
with the architectural design of the surroundings by achieving stylish, designal & cultural
compatability with the built enviroment.

B
Architectural Complementarily between Existing and new Treatments in Building Summary


Thus, if the new insertion is suitable to the existing building, it will be adding more
meaning and beauty to its original value by continuing the architectural context and
reservingthecharacterofthebuiltenviromentandviseversa.
Methodolgy:
The methodology of this study consists of some steps to maintain a method or an entry to
create a new special design without disturbing the visual continuity of the Egyptian
builtenviroment.
Thismethodologydependsonthreemainaxises:

- TheoreticalStudy.
- AnalyticalStudy
- FieldAppliedStudy


Methodology




Theoretical Study Analytical Study Field Applied Study

Axis 1: Theoretical Study
Itdependsonthreeparts:

1- Studyingthemeaningofthedesignvaluesinarchitecturethroughthesourcesandthe
methodsofthedesigninginnovation.

2- Presentingthebasicsofarchitecturaldesigningthatthedesignermightneedtoform
the final product and which influence is revealed by the viewers ability to spot the
architecturaldesignpatterns.

3- Reviewingtheperceptionofarchitecturaldesigning.

Axis 2: The Analytical Study:


Itdependsontwoparts:

1- Elaboratingtheresearchproblemanddemonstratingthedifferentmethodsto
achievearchitecturalcompatabiltybetweentheexistingbuildingsandthenew
additions.

2- Presentsbasicstoachieveharmonybetweenthebuiltenviromentandthenew
insertions in order to maintain a comparative analytical method that can
analysethisrelation.

Architectural Complementarily between Existing and new Treatments in Building Summary




Axis 3: Field Applied Study:
The suggested hypothesises are examined during this study. It depends on observing the
selected sample and collecting information through photographing, and analysis then
evaluating the sampleaccordingtothetheoreticalandtheanalytical axisesand through the
comparativeanalyticalmethodtoevaluatetherelationbetweenthebuiltenviromentandthe
newaddition.

Research Skeleton:
Chapter One:
Theories to Relate the Existing Building to the New Additions
Itaimsathelpingthedesignerinstudyingthedesignalbasisoftheexistingbuildingsbefore
designingthenewaddition.Thischapterconsistsofthreesections:

Section 1:ForminArchitecture.
Section 2:BasisofArhcitecturalFormProcess.
Section 3:ArcchitecturalFormPerception.

Chapter Two:
Research Problem Identification

It discusses the methods of achieving contextual integrety and also harmony between the
builtenviromentandthenewinsertions.Someexamplesaregiventoshowtheimportanceof
thisstudy.Thischapterconsistsoftwosections:

Section 1:MethodsofArchitecturalIntegretybetweentheoldandthenewbuildings.
Section 2:MethodsofacheivingArchitecturalIntegretybetweenoldandnewbuildings

Chapter Three:
Field Applied Studies

Itdependsonapplyingthetheoreticalandanalyticalpartsthroughevaluatingthebuildingof
BankMisrandsomeexpertssuggestionsaboutthenewinsertionaddedtothemanin
buildingin2001.

Eachsuggestionsisappliedtothecomparativeanalyticalmethodtostressthemainaspects
thatthedesignerusedtoachievetheutmostcompatabilitybetweentheexistingbuildingand
thenewaddition.

Chapter Four:
Results and Conclusion

Thischapterpresentsadetailedpresentaionoftheformerchaptersandalsooffering
suggestionsandrecommendations.

D
Architectural Complementarily between Existing and new Treatments in Building Summary

Research Skeleton

Problem's Identification

Forming Research Hypotheses

Proposing Research Aim

Analytical Theoretical
Study Study

Chapter2-Research Chapter1- Theories to


Problem Identification relate the existing building
with the new addition

Section1-Method Section1- Form in


of Arch. architecture
Integration
between the old &
the new buildings.
Section2- Basis of
Architecture Form
Section2- How to architecture
achieve Arch.
Integration bet.
Section3-
Old & new
Architecture Form
building
perception

Field Applied Studies

Applying comparative analytical method on arch


designs suggested on 2001 to insert an extension
to the headquarters of Bank Misr in M. Farids
str.

Results of Field Applied Studies

Concluding results & recommendation related to the research

F
Al Azhar University

Faculty of Engineering

Architecture Department

Architectural Complementarily between Existing


and new Treatments in Building
Case study- Architectural additions.

By Arch.

Ahmad Abdel Monem Hamed Al Kattan


The Demonstrator at Department
B. Sc in Arch.

Under Supervision of

Prof. Dr. M. Zakaria El Dars Prof. Dr. M. M. Al Sayed Serag


Professor of Architecture Professor of Architecture
Faculty of Engineering & Urban Planning
Al Azhar University Faculty of Engineering
Al Azhar University

2006

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