Defining Java Enterprise Edition Terminology and Architecture

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Defining Java Enterprise Edition

Terminology and Architecture
Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to:

Explain the motivation behind distributed systems
List the major components of the Java Platform Enterprise
Edition 5 (Java EE) specification
2-2 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Distributed Systems
Distributed systems divide the work among several

independent modules.
The failure of a single module has less impact on the
overall system, which makes the system more:
Available
Scalable
Maintainable

How Standards Help
Many advantages of distributed systems come from

standards.
Standards allow:
Modularization of complex hardware and software
A larger portion of the project costs to go toward solving
business software needs

Java EE Standard
Java Platform Enterprise Edition 5 (Java EE) helps you to

overcome distribution liabilities.
Applications deployed with Java EE technologies are:
Standardized
Adherent to specification guidelines
Written in Java
Deployable in any compliant application server
Java Community Process (JCP) is the oversight (custodial)
process for moderating Javas future direction.
http://jcp.org/en/home/index
http://jcp.org/en/introduction/faq

Java EE Architecture
Oracle WebLogic Server Directory service

Java EE Application Server
Web client Web Container
Servlets EJB Container
Applet JSPs Session EJBs RDBMS
Entity EJBs CORBA

Client
application
Java app
Message queue
JAX- RMI JTA JDBC JMS JMX JAAS JNDI
WS
Web service

Java Servlets
A servlet is a Java program that executes on the server,

accepting client requests and generating dynamic
responses.
The most prevalent type of servlet is an HttpServlet that
accepts HTTP requests and generates HTTP responses.
Servlets:
Do not just generate HTML
Can also be used to generate other MIME types, such as
images

SimplestServlet.java
Creates HTML
package mypackage;
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class SimplestServlet extends HttpServlet {

public void service(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<HTML><BODY>");
out.println("<H1>Hello, World!</H1>");
out.println("</BODY></HTML>");
}
}

JavaServer Pages (JSPs)
Are HTML documents that are interwoven with Java

Provide a dynamic response that is based on the clients
request
Provide for the separation of responsibilities between the
Web presentation and the dynamic content
Are portable (write once, run anywhere)
Compile and run as servlets
May include JavaServer Faces tags
2 - 10 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

realsimple.jsp
Creates HTML


<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>My title</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>A big heading</H1>
<P>Blah blah blah blah blah.</P>
<% for (int i=0; i<3; i++) { %>
<H3>Say it again, Sam.</H3>
<% } %>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs)
Are distributed components written in the Java

programming language
Provide distributable and deployable business services
(logic) to clients
Have well-defined interfaces
Are reusable across application servers
Execute within a container that provides management and
control services
Oracle WebLogic Server 10.3.1 supports the EJB 3.0
specification.

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
The standard Java interface for

Written by
accessing heterogeneous Application
developer
databases JDBC API JDBC API
The specification that defines four

driver types for connecting to
databases JDBC driver Purchased or
DB API obtained
Purchased or
obtained
Database

Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI)
Java API for accessing naming and directory services

Built as a layer over DNS, LDAP, and so on
Application code Written by developer
JNDI API
Naming manager JNDI API
JNDI SPI
WLS LDAP File sys DNS
Other Purchased or obtained
driver driver driver driver
WLS LDAP File DNS

Other Service
server server system system

JNDI Tree
Root R
context
Initial context
IC
A binding
Context B
associates an
is bound to
object with a
the initial
logical name
context.
and a context.
O1
A B
Object O1
is bound to
the initial
context. C
O2 O3 O3 O4
Object O2 Object O3
is bound to is bound to both
context A. contexts A and B.

JNDI Contexts and Subcontexts
Subcontexts are referenced through dot delimiters (.).

Subcontexts must be created before objects are placed
into them.
Typically, when objects are bound to a JNDI tree,
subcontexts are automatically created based on the
JNDI name.
If the following context exists:

com.oracle.examples
Then you cannot bind:

com.oracle.examples.ejb.SomeObject
Without first creating:

com.oracle.examples.ejb

Java Transaction API (JTA)
JTA is a standard Java API for demarcating transactions within

a program.
Application code Written by developers

JCA EJB JDBC JMS
Java Transaction API JTA
Transaction monitor
implementation

Java Message Service (JMS)
Producer Producer
JMS is a Java API for
accessing message-oriented
middleware.
The interface supports:
Point-to-point domain JMS
Publish/subscribe server
(pub/sub) domain Destination
Guaranteed message
delivery
Transactional participation
Dynamically configurable
services
Application- or system-
Consumer Consumer Consumer
scoped resources
Interoperability with other messaging systems

Java Authentication and Authorization (JAAS)
Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) is a

Java-based security management framework.
JAAS supports:
Single sign-on
A Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM)
JAAS enables flexible control over authorization whether it
is based on:
Users
Groups
Roles

Java Management Extensions (JMX)
Java Management Extensions (JMX):

Defines a standard infrastructure to manage a device from
Java programs
Decouples the managed device from the management tools
The specification describes MBeans, which are the
building blocks of JMX.
Oracle WebLogic Server
Management tool MBean

MBean
MBean
MBeans
MBean

Java EE Connector Architecture (JCA)
Connects Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) with

resource adapters
Resource adapters can be deployed in a Resource
Adapter Archive (RAR)
Application Client
server components
container
JCA
client API
(CCI) Inbound/
System
Outbound
App server contracts Resource
EIS
implementation adapter EIS API

Client Application
The client application interacts with WLS through

JRMP/T3, IIOP, and jCOM.
The types of clients include:
Stand-alone Java applications
Applets within a browser
Web client
HTML/XML Web EJB container
WebService container
Client Session
EJBs
Applet
Entity
Client EJBs
application

Web Client
A Web client interacts with Oracle WebLogic Server via

HTTP using servlets or JSPs.
The types of Web clients include:
Browser
WebService (SOAP over HTTP)
Web container WebLogic

Server
Web client Servlets
HTML/XML
JSPs

Proxy Server
The proxy server:

Forwards requests to
other machines Server
Can be used as a level of A
indirection and security
Can be used to load-
balance a system Proxy Server
Client
server B
A reverse proxy is a Web
page cache.
Server
C

Web Server
Web servers:
Provide Web content
Communicate via HTTP, FTP, and so forth
Can handle CGI requests
Proxy some requests to application servers
Web server
HTTP HTTP
WebLogic
Server
HTTPS plug-in HTTPS

Firewalls
Provide filtering, Firewall

authorization, and
authentication services
Help keep out hackers
Map port requests
Can act as proxy servers HTTP HTTP
Can decrease back-end

network activity
HTTPS HTTPS

Application Servers

Provide services that Java EE Application Server
support the execution
and availability of Web container
deployed applications Servlets
EJB container
Handle heavier
JSPs Session
processing chores than
EJBs
Web servers
Entity
EJBs
JAX-WS
JDBC
JAAS
JNDI
JMS
JMX
RMI
JTA

Web Application Server Configuration
Firewall Firewall Web App servers

server
SvrA SvrV
Client
app SvrB SvrW
Extranet
WLS
or SvrC SvrX
Client Internet
plug-
app In SvrD SvrY
SvrE SvrZ
Client
app
DB
Inner
network
Your network

Application Server Configuration
Firewall Firewall App servers

SvrA SvrV
Client
app SvrB SvrW
Extranet
or SvrC SvrX
Client Internet
app SvrD SvrY
SvrE SvrZ
Client
app
Local DB
client
app
Your network

Quiz
Oracle WebLogic Server 10.3.1 is certified with JDK 1.6.

1. True
2. False

Summary
In this lesson, you should have learned how to:

Explain the motivation behind distributed systems
List the major components of the Java EE specification

Practice 2 Overview:
Defining Terminology and Architecture
There is no practice for this lesson.

Defining Java Enterprise Edition Terminology and Architecture

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www.mojtabanow.

Defining Java Enterprise Edition

Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

After completing this lesson, you should be able to:

2-2 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Distributed systems divide the work among several

2-3 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Many advantages of distributed systems come from

2-5 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Java Platform Enterprise Edition 5 (Java EE) helps you to

2-6 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Oracle WebLogic Server Directory service

Applet JSPs Session EJBs RDBMS

Entity EJBs CORBA

2-7 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

A servlet is a Java program that executes on the server,

2-8 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

public class SimplestServlet extends HttpServlet {

2-9 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Are HTML documents that are interwoven with Java

2 - 10 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

2 - 11 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Are distributed components written in the Java

2 - 12 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

The standard Java interface for

The specification that defines four

2 - 13 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Java API for accessing naming and directory services

Application code Written by developer

WLS LDAP File DNS

2 - 14 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

2 - 15 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Subcontexts are referenced through dot delimiters (.).

If the following context exists:

Then you cannot bind:

Without first creating:

2 - 17 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

JTA is a standard Java API for demarcating transactions within

Application code Written by developers

2 - 18 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

2 - 19 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) is a

2 - 20 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Java Management Extensions (JMX):

Oracle WebLogic Server

Management tool MBean

2 - 21 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connects Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) with

2 - 22 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

The client application interacts with WLS through

2 - 23 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

A Web client interacts with Oracle WebLogic Server via

Web container WebLogic

2 - 24 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

The proxy server:

2 - 25 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

2 - 26 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Provide filtering, Firewall

Can decrease back-end

2 - 27 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Oracle WebLogic Server

2 - 28 Copyright 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.