SEAL NOMENCLATURE 1. Seal Width 8. Seal Outer Diometer 14. Flex Section 21. Inside Lip Surface 2. Metal Case (Outer) 9. Housing Bore 15. Spring Retainer Lip 22. Sprung Lip Diameter Diameter 3. Housing 16. Inside Lip Angle 23, Free Lip (Unsprung) 10. Spring Position Diameter 4. Inner Case (R-Value) 17. Toe Face 24, Contact Line Height 5. Outside Face 11. Spring Groove 18. Auxiliary (Dust) Lip 25. Lip Height 6. Inside Face 12. Garter Spring 19. Rib (Helix) 26. Lip Angle 7. Radial Wall 13. Heel Section 20. Contact Point DimensionOIL SEAL SELECTION The engineering dota presented here is to provide a guide- _should be considered as an indication to explore the possi- line for selecion of @ standard seal for a general purpose _bilty of using nonstandard designs (contact Freudenberg- pplication. The user needs fo be aware that many design NOK for design assistance). ISO/DIN seal designs ond configuration of seals exist to meet specific requirements standards are also available, if required, Deviation from the standard limitations provided here GENERAL GUIDELINES ‘A. Determine the general category the seal application falls within (Table 1). B. Determine if operating conditions exceed the design limits (Toble 2) 1. Shoft Speed 2. Pressure 3. Eccentricity C. Select appropriate lip, cose and spring material (Table 3}. Selection is based on temperature of application, fluid ond environment fo be sealed ond excluded. D. Review bore and shoft configuration (Table 4) to ensure compatibility with seal. E. If design limits are exceeded, review nonstandard designs and contact Freudenberg-NOK.SELECTION PROCESS Sg Peel Dao HYDRAULIC SEAL WHAT I MOVIN SHAFT Leh aoe Daca Ly Pe) Pisa PND Psy ag UNDER 5 PSI 6.4 > bp nay KB, KC, VB, VC SB, SBR, SCFREUDENBERG-NOK STANDARD SEAL TYPES TABLE 1 BODY A2 Ly Ly chy c ‘Metal O.D. design ‘Most standardized ond Part rubber/part metal ‘Rubber 0.0. design for wiherioercoe | coronal mel 00. (0. dein xl 0. up for greater strocrel sion. ber covered, {or gear 0. sealing bili SYMBOLS “rigidity. sealing ability. ‘General nonpresie SA2 SB2 SB SBR sc seg copies nd = s se ge 7 ; sting nies T > = ee] 2 General nonpressure tid slog TA2 TB2 TB TBR Tc eppications and sere greasing} [Lf conditions with light duty exdesion of naa a aD ASA. a E L Economical design VA2 VB2 VB VBR ve fag oon 0 sealing viscous Economical design KA2 KB2 KB KBR KC or grease retention or sealing viscous ‘ud wit igh dy f exclusion of foreign te. | | 7 ‘Dust wiper or WPB wPec sroper for ‘hydric oF id neumetic inde ‘opplcaions NoTE: Metal 0.0, seals ore most suitable for see or cost ron housing material Rubber covered ©, seals re preferred for zo alloy or plastic housing materials ond ore svitable os well for stel or cot iron housings ‘leo, his design category is be for rough bore finishes or fr material wth o high cootfcion of thermal expansionOPERATING CONDITIONS (’ TABLE 2 DESIGN LIMITATIONS CONFIGURATIONS) SHAFT NITRILE LIP MAXIMUM ‘MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS] MAXIMUM TOTAL Nene en's DIAMETER | CONTINUOUS SHAFT SPEED PRESSURE ECCENTRICITY. can higher tong General 3,500 rpm Spi 20" Hsciren elt teria 500 8,000 rpm S psi 004" Slightly higher continuous pres- 1500 700m Sa on a. 2.500 4,500 rpm S pst “O10” Higher eccentricity s allowable if sho peed is reduced 3.500 3,800 rpm Spsi 013" 4,500 2,750 rpm Spsi O17" ECCENTRICITY de Center of Bore Shaft Rotation Centerline Centerline Rotation Shoft Path Housing 2de=TLR. Bore RUNOUT Center of (TLR) Rotation |< SHAFT TO BORE de=Dynamic Eccentricity MISALIGNMENT Eccentricity is determined by measuring the shaft runout, TIR, and the shafi-1o-bore misalignment, Combine the two results for the total eccentricity the seal lip must follow to function effectively. As eccentricity increases, and/or shaft speed increases, it becomes more difficult forthe lip to fol- low the shaftOPERATING CONDITIONS (“ INS) TABLE 3 DESIGN LIMITATIONS SHAFT ‘MAXIMUM. ‘MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS] MAXIMUM TOTAL Hare ceili b dwcble DIAMETER SHAFT SPEED PRESSURE ECCENTRICITY ifereasuma dacs paaie General 2,000 rpm 4 008" ‘reduces | _500 4000 rpm psi 03" 1.500 3,000 rpm psi 005" 2500 280m | 006" 3.500 1,700 rpm 4 psi 008" 4500 1,400 rpm psi oi0" A nonsprung seal design offers a cost effective way to seal high viscosily grease applications. Because the design does not benefit from the constant load of a garter spring, the cllowable eccentricity is decreased and the fluids to be sealed are limited, OPERATING COND INS (“WP” CONFIGURATIONS) TABLE 4 DESIGN LIMITATIONS ‘Maximum Shatt Linear Velocity 200 fom (1 misec) ‘Maximum Pressure Capability 4 psig (28 kg/cm) ‘Maximum Stroke Length 78 inches (1.98 m) ‘Maximum Shat-To-Bore Misalignment (0.004 inches (0.1 mm) TIR The "WP" design was developed as a dust wiper (scraper) for reciprocating applications, such as hydraulic cylinder rods. As a result, the operating limits are different from the “"V" & "K" type provided above.NONSTANDARD DESIGNS TABLE 5 ‘Special applications which cannot be adequately satisfied by standard designs are illustrated on the next two pages. Pils yaN Lee lo ad tica | DY Raia) oo" olications vi rau seperting tw ids fom ah ote shoul so Style tr ring londed li. The ‘Dsl el norpoates th pinta one sign Note:The bore depth mst be increased to econnmodate he wo seal ips. “tev Fer opin up 1 $0 psi (2.5 kn), th “TV designs recommended (Medium Pree iis dependant on sh speed, Aol for shat meters es hon Pressure} 2500" {65 mn. “TcN” Tipe TO isdsgned fe: igh pressure gpatins where ontinves pase nay (High ‘ao 150 pl (106 kl). Maxima pasar ine pendent on shaped, Pressure] oar drodynamisling ips ar vale wih as designs. Bath nico and Style tiiectina esis ere ovale. The hc is help "pump" the id Bock ethos ip Bak ip sg i sare as tndard sa TK ‘Where it rds igesion a problem, the TE" design provides sparen son. Where dst or dit nd mois (sl quits of ole] tre oe e- dent, ombinaton with linge roves exalt ess (0). (Reciprocating) Z| “au The sels despa or ml rey iy pas emon Sleeve sh ed lind 0 te) — “be an) TY oar Sen rein tet opiate ld y 1 din Pressure up to 100 psi (7 kale] canbe eld, such os in shock absorbs. ov DKH DK" (Reciprocating) aN st wpa for you lindas, Not rcmmunded fr proses above 5 ps {35 kg.NONSTANDARD DESIGNS For oil seal designs not shown, please contact Freudenberg-NOK for recommended designs to meet your application requirements. TABLE'5 (cont) Pls itc) ads APPLICATION, eV TES vs est set {i- ii- vans v Spec Mud seat frat: ie or my “ song Set a” isc . “9 Side Lip Seal oh _ ma) wom ft os tint msn fel~SHAFT RECOMMENDATIONS SHAFTS Seal ond shaft compatibility is dependent on four conditions: shaft tolerance, lead-in chamfer, finish and hardness. Proper consideration of these conditions will assist in providing optimal seel performance. ‘+ SHAFT HARDNESS is an important factor to prevent excessive wear, deformation, scratches or nicks, and to callow for easy machining for proper roughness. Under normal conditions, the seal contact area of the shaft TABLE 6 RECOMMENDED SHAFT CHAMFER should be Rockwell C45 minimum. + SHAFT SURFACE ROUGHNESS is very important os Typically this greatly influences the amount of lip weer. The rec- 15°-25° ‘ommended roughness is 0s follows: = Rotating 10 to 20 1 inch Re (.25 HM to .50 4M Ra): Rue =31-126 1 inch (0.8-3.2 4M) ~ Reciprocating 5 to 10 y/ inch Ra (.13 uM to .25 uM Ro) The method of achieving this finish should not be overlooked. + PLUNGE GRINDING is recommended for rotating shoft applications. For reciprocating applications, centerless grinding is acceptable. Rotating shoft ‘opplications require a surface with no machine lead, INCHES 18 machine lead may actually pump fluid from under SD. Di SD. the seal lip. Also, hard chrome plating is suggested Up to 1.000 SD. = 094 4.001 to 5.000 for any cast iron or stainless steel shafts for rotating 1.001 %0 2000 | SD.-140 [5.007 ro 5.000 cpplications and for steel shafts with reciprocating [20103000 | SD ~ 166 | 6001 05000 | oppiications. 3.001 104.000 | 5.0.-.196 = = +A SHAFT CHAMFER is suggested to ossistin the installation process. Without « proper chamfer, the seal lip moy be damaged or distorted resuling in & TULLETERS| dislodged garter spring. SD. D SD. D Upie2500 | S024 | 10012500] sd-56 . eee eee — Bosom | $0.-36 | wsarotsoo0 | S064 range should be decreased for highspeed or pressure Feel OTS |_SR.=42_[ btoezone |_ $0.70 applications TABLE 7 RECOMMENDED SHAFT TOLERANCE ‘SHAFT DIAMETER (INCH) TOLERANCE SHAFT DIAMETER (DIN/METRIC) TOLERANCE ‘Up to 4.000 +003 Up to 100 mm £008 001 106000 006 700.10. 100 010 £00 10000 = M05 150.1010 25000 2013HOUSING RECOMMENDATIONS HOUSINGS Steel and cast iron provide good surfaces for both rubber covered and metal O.D. seals. For soft alloy (aluminum) bores, rubber covered O.D. seals provide betler sealing capability In aluminum or other soft alloy bores, metal O.D. seals occasionally back out of the bore due to thermal expansion of the soft alloy. Rubber, having higher coefficient of thermel expansion than carbon sieel, will fighten in the bores as temperature rises. Plostic or nylon are not recommended because they ‘ypically expand at a high rate causing a major problem for metal O.D. secls. If plostic is to be used, rubber O.D. seals ore recommended. BORE CHAMFER A bore chamfer is necessary to assist in installation of the seal. To the right is the recommended configuration for the chamfer. Proper chamfer angle and depth minimizes cocking or lack of squareness of the seol fo the shaft, distortion of the seal cases, and reduces ossembly force. RECOMMENDED BORE CHAMFER es Deg. ceed -— 0.06/0.09 This corner must be burr free SURFACE ROUGHNESS Excessively rough bore finishes may allow paths for fluid to leak between seal O.D. and bore. Below shows the recommended maximum roughness. METAL 0.0. RUBBER O.D. 104 inch Ro 150M Ro ‘max 250 Ra 375 uN Ro ROUGHNESS TES mm Ros Wine Ra ‘The rubber O.D. seal is copeble of functioning with o rougher finish METAL OD. RUBBER OD. MAXIMUM None 0 inc Ro ROUGHNESS None 24M Re ‘A minimum bore roughness is recommended for rubber OLD. seals. This improves retention,BORE DIAMETER TOLERANCE The recommended housing bore diameter, bore tolerance ond nominal pressfit. TABLE 8 INCH SIZES Upto 1.000, ‘04 006 005 1.001 - 2.000 0) 0 006 =o = 003 006 m2 2001 - 3.000 = 004 006 002 003 006 me 301-4000 | =0015 “005 08 = 002 = 004 007 m8 ‘01-6000 | =005 “005 0 +008 = 004 009 03 002 ‘001-800 = 002 006 +008 oe 002 001 - 9.000 = 007 +004 05 002 9001 -10.000| £002 008 +004 05 002 TABLE 9 EQUIVALENT METRIC SIZES Upto 25.00 | +0025 00 015 005 008 025 Boi-soo0 | +0025 00 015 005 £008 030 sool-7500 | +0025 a0 015 005 +008 036 To1-1o000 | =0038 013 020 =005 £010 046 Tooor- 15000 | +0038 013 025 +008 010 058 005 Ts001-20000 | =0051 015 +008 030 005 mon-7500 | +0051 018 010 038 005 msn-25000 | +0051 020 +010 038 005 (1) Seal 0... The average of « minimum three measurements to be Joken ot equally spoced postions. (2) Out of Round (OR) - The maximum variance between any of the eadings used in determining seal O.D.MATERIAL SELEC I LIP MATERIAL ‘One of the most important components of the seal is the elastomer material. Freudenberg-NOK hes specially developed elastomer blends to meet a wide variety of sealing requirements. Availoble are many classes of TABLE 10 GENERAL ELASTOMER INFORMATION materials with over 100 individual formulas to satisfy var- ious sealing conditions. Table 10 and Table 11 provide general information and fluid compatibility ratings. BASE POLYMER NITRILE POWACRVLATE SILICONE FLVOROFLASTONER TTEMPERATURE* “50°F ~ 250°F -20°F ~ 30°F 80°F ~ 400°F -30°F ~ 400°F RANGE A5°C~ 125°C -30"¢ ~ 150°C 40°C ~ 200°C 35°C ~ 200°C Oil Resistance e e 2 e ‘Acid Resistance . a“ a a ‘Alkali Resistance 7 + + a | ‘Waiter Resistonce . At 7 . | Hect Resistance 2 e e e Gold Resistance . a 2 a ‘Wear Resistance e e = e (zone Resistance 7 e e e [ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES NITRILE * Commonly referred fo as Buno-N nd is Copolymer | + Poor resistance fo ozone and weather aging ‘of Butadiene and Acryonitile * Low cost * Good resistonce to petroleum oils, water silicone oil, greases, glycol hase fluids * Good abrasion resistance, cold flow, tear resistance POLYACRYLATE * Polymerised ccc acidesters * Fair cold temperature limit * Good resistance to mineral cls, hypoid gear ols, + Lower mechanical strength EX additives, greases, aging and flex cracking + Coss slightly higher thon Nitrile * Higher temperatre limit thm Nitrile + Poor dry running ability, water resistant SILICONE * Broad temperature range * Low resistance to hydrocarbon fluids like gosaine * Good ozone resistance ‘or poaffin fluids or steam above 50 psi + Resistant to compression set + Cos is highor thon Polyacryloto FIUOROELASTOMER | > Good temperature resistance * Fair resistance to woter, dry running ‘+ Compatible with wide range of fluids + Low temperature resistance is fir ‘+ Commonly chosen as high tempercture replacement | + Cost is high for Nitrile or Polyacyte -Meaimmum temperature limits dependent on ether epsrcting conditions. Very good. 18 Good for most applications 4. For, can be used if no other materials ovilobe but cthorwiee not recommended, + Not recommended 2. Phosphate Ester and Weer Giyeal hydraulic uid are nt included in the Table 3. Woter resistance includes seam. No motels idelly compatible os brie of woter every poor. A PTFE, Bhylene Acrate, ond other elastomers ove evilbleTABLE 11 FLUID COMPATIBILITY ‘UP MATERIAL ‘TYPE OF FLUID TO BE SEALED. NT ‘SILICONE SAE 30 Wh. Engine Olt ‘SAE 10 Wt. ‘Super Gear Gear Oil Hypotd Gear Turbine Oil No. 2 Machine Oil No.2 ‘Automatic Transmission Fluid Potroleum Base Lubricating Oi! Gasoline Light OW/Rerosone Cutting O11 ER Lubricants ele|m|+|+\e/e/m|\m\me/ele Water-Giycol ‘Acohol 20% Hydrochloric Acid Solution | >|>|e/e/m/e/e/>|> elo /m|m|\mlelele 30% Sulfuric Acid Solution [>|] m| |e] >| &/ [>> |> [ml o|>| mle [>| = Special compound available. © Very good 18 Good for mos! applications 4 Foi con be used if no other moteriol avoilsble but etherwie not recommended. 1 Not recommended METAL CASE AND SPRING The other major components of a seol are the metal case ‘and gorter spring. Table 12 lists the material specification Freudenberg-NOK uses for its components. TABLE 12 CASE AND SPRING SPECIFICATION OSE. SAE NO. ‘APPLICATION ASTON OR SAE NO. ‘APPLICATION 1008 ~ 1010 General ‘A228 ~ AIT General ‘30802 ~ 30308 ‘Special Corrosion Resistance Condition ‘30302 ~ 30304 Special Corrosion Resistance Condition The metel case is produced from corbon steel for general, ‘applications in oil or grease. For special applications when sealing sea water or corrosive fluids or gasses, stainless steel can be applied at on increase in price. With water opplications, cost may be reduced by using 0 rubber covered design with carbon garter spring, piono wire is used fo Where corrosion resistance or extre required, stoinless steel is available. steel case. For the general applications. me heat resistance isThe subject of installation represents an orea commonly overlooked when selecting on oil seal for an opplication. Studies have shown this area to be one of the major couses of premature seal failure. To assist the installation, the secl should be prelubricated with grease or cil to reduce sliding friction of contact surfaces. This will clso help protect the seal lips during intial run-in. An instllo- (MINIMUM DIAMETER 20 TO 40 LARGER THAN SEAL 0.0, INSTALLATION TOOL HOUSING WIDTH °e: = TO CHAMFER WIDTH PLUS 020 TOOLS STOPS AGAINST HOUSING FACE MINIMUM DIAMETER.20 TO .40 LARGER THAN SEAL ©.0. INSTALLATION TOOL HOUSING In each preferred method, installation load is absorbed by either housing or bottom plate to prevent seal dam- ‘age ond to assist in locating the seal properly within the bore. tion tool should always be used when installing an oil seal. The use of a tool improves ease of installation and reduces the possibility of seal cocking (non-perpendicular to shaft]. A hydraulic or pneumatic press is advised to supply necessary force to instoll the seal. Following are examples of both recommended and improper instolla- tion methods. DIAMETER 020 TO .040 LESS THAN BORE DIA. INSTALLATION. TOOL HOUSING HOUSINGDag any i HOUSING ~ INSTALLATION Toot HOUSING INSTALLATION Toot DEFORMED HOUSING: Seat SHAFT INSTALLATION The advisable sequence of installation is to install the seal over the shaft and then into the housing bore. Care should be exercised not fo damage or deform the seal lip. The proper chamfer angle will minimize this problem, ‘When installing over a keyway or spine, a sleeve or bullet should be employed to protect the seal lip from cuts (ref- erence figure 6). ‘Where the shoft must be instolled through the seal, cen- tering guides for the shaft will prevent lip deformation ‘ond dislodging of the spring. When possible, the shaft should be rotated os it passes through the seal to reduce sliding friction. PE ean Let) INSTALLATION Toot eo ed ‘4 s)o000 saroe @-