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1. PSK is a constant envelope modulation scheme. This means that all symbols have equal
energy after modulation. What is the energy of the BPSK and QPSK modulated symbols
shown in Tables 1(a) and 1(b) respectively?
2. In modulate.vi, what should be the default value for the Symbol Energy of the modulated
sequence?
3. Consider a uniformly distributed random bit stream { } (i.e. { = 1} = { = 0}).
Suppose { } is BPSK modulated such that each symbol has energy . In an AWGN channel,
what is the average probability of bit error as a function of SNR when using ML estimation?
You may assume that noise is a real-valued Gaussian random variable with variance 0 /2 ,
0
i.e. (0, 2
).
1. Set the parameters below and perform a test with the appropriate parameters below
carrier frequency = 2.4 GHz
time duration = 1 msec
2. Start top_tx.vi and run top_rx.vi to receive one packet at a time; look at constellation on
top_rx.vi front panel; modify noise level and look at constellation again
There is no lab report for this part of the lab. But the following questions need to be answered in
the lab report for Lab 2.2.
1. What is the name of the queue used to pass the generated bit sequence from the transmitter
to the receiver (i.e. the bit sequence needed to perform error detection)?
2. Describe what happens to the received constellation as you increase noise power in the top
level of the transmitter, i.e. top_tx.vi.
3. Based on your observation of the received signal constellation, explain which modulation
scheme (BPSK or QPSK) performs better (on average) in noisy channels, and why. Assume
that both schemes are using the same average symbol energy.