MA (Journalism & Mass Communication)

OUTLINES OF TESTS, SYLLABI AND COURSES OF READING FOR

MA (JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION)
FOR THE EXAMINATION OF 2009.

(This is applicable only to new admissions in 2008-09. The outgoing class will continue with
the annual system.)
M.A. - I YEAR

FIRST SEMESTER

Paper I Introduction to (100 Marks)

Communication & Media Theory Exam = 80
Internal Assessment = 20
UNIT - I Theories & Models of Communication – I
UNIT - II Theories & Models of Communication – II
UNIT - III History of the Press
UNIT – IV Media Management

Paper II Writing & Reporting for (100 Marks)

Media Theory Exam = 80
Internal Assessment = 20
UNIT - I Print Journalism – I
UNIT - II Print Journalism – II
UNIT - III Radio & TV Communication – I
UNIT - IV Press Laws

Paper III Editing & Presentation for (100 Marks)

Media Theory Exam = 80
Internal Assessment = 20
UNIT - I Editing for Print Media
UNIT - II Graphic Design for Print Media
UNIT - III Radio & TV Communication - II
UNIT - IV Computer Applications

Paper IV Practicals (100 Marks)

Student Reporter 35
Tele News Board 15
Broadcast Practicals 30
Media File 10
Communication Theory 10
Practicals

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 SECOND SEMESTER

Paper I Communication & Media (100 Marks)

Theory Exam = 80
Internal Assessment = 20
UNIT - I Theories & Models of Communication – I
UNIT - II Theories & Models of Communication – II
UNIT - III Print Journalism – I
UNIT – IV Print Journalism – II

Paper II Current Media Issues (100 Marks)

Theory Exam = 80
Internal Assessment = 20
UNIT - I Ethical Issues in Media
UNIT - II Media Management
UNIT - III Modern History of Press
UNIT - IV Current Affairs

Paper III Media Production (100 Marks)

Theory Exam = 80
Internal Assessment = 20
UNIT - I Print Production
UNIT - II Radio and Television Production – I
UNIT - III Radio and Television Production – II
UNIT - IV Computer Applications

Paper IV Practicals (100 Marks)

Student Reporter 35
Tele News Board 15
Broadcast Practicals 30
Communication 10
Theory Practical
Internship Report 10

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COMPONENTS AND BREAKUP OF MARKS:

Paper – I, Paper – II and Paper – III of both the semesters will be of 100 marks each.
80 marks will be for theory examinations and 20 marks for continuous internal
assessment. The latter will comprise of unit tests, snap tests, assignments, attendance and
class room participation.

Paper – IV of both the semesters will comprise of:

Student Reporter: 35 Marks. These will be awarded on a weekly basis by the subject
teacher concerned and the mean will be taken at the end of each semester.

Tele News board: 15 Marks. These marks will be awarded on a daily basis by the subject
teacher concerned and the mean will be taken at the end of each semester.

Broadcast Practicals: 30 marks will be awarded by the teacher concerned at the end of
each semester.

Communication Theory Practical: 10 marks will be awarded by the teacher concerned

at the end of each semester.

Media File: 10 Marks to be awarded by the faculty member concerned at the end of the
first semester.

Internship Report: 10 Marks each to be awarded by all the faculty members and the
mean taken at the end of the second semester. The report shall comprise of the filled
attendance card signed and stamped by the organization interned at; a 1000 word report
of the work done during the internship period; and the performance grade awarded by the
concerned organization.

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 M.A. – I (JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION)

FIRST SEMESTER

PAPER – I: INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA

(A) Course Objectives:

Unit I and II, being a bed rock course, having applications to all the other courses in this
two-year program, offers students a thorough grounding in the landmark concepts,
theories, models and other relevant contributions in communication made in the last over
five decades. The objective is to sensitize the students to the field of communication by
exposing them to its different forms; to understand the basic concepts and terminology
specific to communication and media; to sensitize them to the practical importance of
intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, and mass communication; to inculcate in them the
skills required to become effective source-encoders and to impart latest knowledge to
enable them to analyze and assess communication in the media and everyday life.

Unit III will orient the students towards the study of journalism by giving a historical
background and a context to the changes that are visible in the media.

Unit IV discusses the business aspect of mass media. The presence of transnational
organizations, media conglomerates and multimedia corporations and the changes
brought about by them in the media landscape are discussed.

(B) Pedagogy of the Course Work:

80% Lectures (including expert lectures)
20% Unit tests, snap tests, assignments, attendance and class room participation.

Instructions for papersetters and candidates:

1. There shall be 9 questions in all.

2. The first question is compulsory comprising 15 short answer type questions spread
over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25-30 words each. The candidates
are required to attempt 10 questions. Each question shall be of 2 marks.
(10X2 = 20 marks)
3. Rest of the paper shall contain four units. Two questions shall be asked from each
unit and the candidates shall be given internal choice. The candidates shall attempt
one question from each unit. Each question will carry 15 marks. (4X15 = 60 marks)

Unit – I: Theories & Models of Communication – I

Communication: meaning, definition and forms (intra-personal, inter-personal, group &

mass); Concepts and characteristics of mass, mass society, mass media & mass
communication; Concept of theory vis-a-vis practice; basic concerns of communication
theory; functions of communication; meaning & communication, dimensions of meaning,

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Bullet theory and S-R model; Osgood & Schramm’s circular model; Schramm’s Field of
Experience model; the Lasswell formula & Braddock’s extension; Mathematical Model
of Communication, concepts & significance of entropy & redundancy; empathy as a
fundamental communication ability.
Berlo’s S-M-C-R model; Model of learning as communication.

Unit – II: Theories & Models of Communication – II

Perception: definition, role in communication; four rings of defenses; the Schema theory;
Groups: definition & types; model of group formation; importance of group norms and
group pressure in communication.
Propaganda: definition, objectives & devices.
Attitude: definition, structure & role; major findings of attitude-change (persuasion)
research; Krugman’s Theory of Low Involvement; Festinger’s Cognitive Dissonance
Theory.
The Two-step flow model: major findings & criticism.
Diffusion of Innovations: definition; characteristics of innovation; innovation decision
process; concepts of homophily & heterophily; adapter categories & criticism; channels
of communication.

Unit – III: History of the Press

Brief introduction of the evolution of early newspapers.

History of press in Britain and USA

British Press: 17th century: early restrictions, Areopagitica
18th century: Stamp Act, The Times of London
19th & 20th century: Influence of WWI and WWII on the press,
industrialization

American Press: Colonial newspapers

American Revolution (1765 –1783) Revolutionary role of press,
Party Press (1801- 1833): Dark Ages of journalism
Penny Press (1833-1860); New York Sun, The Tribune.
Civil War Journalism (1860- 1872): Age of reconstruction and
financial adjustment
New Journalism (1878): Joseph Pulitzer – New York World,
W.R. Hearst - New York Journal (1890 – 1904)

Indian History: Introduction

The forerunners (1780 – 1818) : Hicky and Buckingham
Stage I (1818 – 1868) : Early restrictions
Stage II (1869 – 1919) : Rise of nationalist press, Vernacular Press Act and
other restrictions

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Stage III (1919 - 1947) : Assertive role of press

Practical Exercise: Students are divided in groups of three. Each group is

assigned a period in history. The group researches and
makes a short (5 Minutes) presentation on the given
period.

Unit – IV: Media Management

An overview of Mass media: Media as an industry, Ownership, Types of ownership

patterns, their advantages and disadvantages. Cross Media ownership, Consolidation and
convergence, foreign equity in Indian Media, Emergence of global media, and Economics
of print and electronic media

Management of Media organizations: Basic principles

Importance of H.R department and its role in recruitment and training of personnel for
new media firms

Practical Exercise: Class is divided into groups and gathers data on India’s various
major media houses and their holdings and make class presentations.

THEORIES & MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

ESSENTIAL READING

1 Wilbur Schramm : Mass Communication. 2nd ed. Urbana, University

of Illinois Pr. 1960

2. Wilbur Schramm : Process & Effects of Mass Communication

Urbana, University of Illinois Press 1953.

3. Lee Richardson : Dimensions of Communication. N.Y. Appleton-

Century-Croft, 1969.

4. Kenneth K. Anderson : Introduction of Communication, Theory and

Practice. Menlo Park, Cummings Pub. Co., 1972.

5. Deniel Ketz et al : Public Opinion and Propaganda N.Y. Holt 1962.

6. Everett M. Rogers : Communication and Development. Beverly Hills,

Sage Publications, 1976.

6
7. Barry E. Collins : Social Psychology, Social Influence, Attitude
Change, group pressure and prejudices. Reading,
Addison- Wesley 1970.

8. E.S. Herman & Noam : Manufacturing Consent, Vintage, 1994.

Chomsky

9 Anderson, Kenneth : Introduction to Communication. Theory and

Practice. Cummings Publishing Co., California,
1972

10 Asch, Schoelem : Social Psychology. Prentice Hall, Inc., New

York, 1952

11 Ball-Rokeach, Sandra & : Theories of Mass Communication. Longman,

DeFleur, Melvin New York, 1975

12 Barker, Larry : Communication. Prentice Hall, Inc. New Jersey,

1978.

13 Barnlund, Dean : Interpersonal Communication. Houghton-Mifflin

Co., New Yourk, 1968.

14 Bennis, Warren et al., (ed.) : Interpersonal Dynamics. The Dorsey Press,

Illionis, 1968

15 Berelson, Bernard & Janowitz, : Reader in Public Opinion & Communication.

Morris (ed.) The Free Press, New York, 1966

16 Berlo David : The Process of Communication. Holt, Rinehart

and Winston, New York, 1960

17 Blumler, Jay G & Katz, Elihu : The uses of Mass Communication, SAGE,
(ed.) Beverly Hills, 1974

18 Carwright, Dorwin & Zander, : Group Dynamics Tavistock, London, 1968

Alvin (ed.)
19 Casty, Alan (ed.) : Mass Media and Mass Man. Holt, Rinehart &
Winston, Inc., New York, 1973

20 Curran, James et al., (ed) : Mass Communication & Society. Edward-

Arnold London, 1977

21 Dance, Frank E.X. : Human Communication Theory. Holt, Rinehart

& Winston, Inc., New York, 1967

7
22 Danzinger, Kurt : Interpersonal Communication. Pergamon Press,
New York, 1976

23 Defleur, Melvin & Mc Quail, : Models of Mass Communication

Denis
24 De Sola Pool, Ithiel (ed) : Handbook on Communication, Rand McNally
College Publishing Co., Chicago, 1972

25 Devito, Joseph : Communicology. Harper & Row, New York,

1978

26 Dexter Harry & White David : People, Society & Mass Communication. Collin-
Manning (ed.) Macmillan, Toronto, 1964

27 Grunig, James E. (ed) : The Decline of Global Village. General Hall

Inc., New York, 1976

28 Katz, Daniel et at., (ed) : Public Opinion & Propaganda. The Dryden
Press New York, 1962

29 Klapper, Joseph T. : The effects of Mass Communication. The free

press, New York, 1960

30 Jervsm /debus (ed) : Readings in Social Psychology. Harper & Row,

New York, 1976

31 Liebert, Robert H. & Sprafkin, : The Early Window. Pergamon Press, Exeter
Joyce
32 McQuail, Denis : Mass Communication Theory. SAGE, London,
1994

33 McQuail, Denis (ed.) : Sociology of Mass Communication. Penguin,

London, 1976

34 Newcomb, Theodor : Sociology Psychology. Routledge & Kegan

Paul, London, 1965

35 Richardson, Lee : Dimensions of Communication: Appelton-

Century-Crofts, New York, 1969.

36 Rogers, Evertt M. (ed) : Communication & Development. SAGE,

Beverly Hills, 1982

37 Rogers, Evertt & Showmaker, : The Communication of Innovations. The Free

F. Floyd Press, New York, 1971

8
38 Sage : Mass Communication Year Books. SAGE,
Beverly Hills, 1981 onwards.

39 Schramm, Wilbur : Men, Messages & Media. Harper & Row, New
York, 1975

40 Schramm, Wilbur (ed.) : Mass Communication. University of Illinois

Press, Illinois, 1963

41 Schramm, Wilbur (ed.) : The Process and Effects of Mass

Communication University of Illinois Press,
Urban, 1955

42 Schramm, Wilbur : Responsibility in Mass Communication. Harper

& Row, New York, 1957.

43 Smith, Alfred G (ed.) : Communication & Culture. Holt, Rinehart &

Winston, New York, 1966.

44 Wood, Ronald N. : Mass Media & the Individual, West Publishing

Co., Minnesota, 1983.

45 Wrightsman, Lawrence (ed.) : Contemporary Issues in Social Psychology.

Brooks-Cole Publishing Co., New York, 1978.

ADDITIONAL READING

1 Bateson, Gregory W. & : Communication: The Social Matrix of

Reusch, Jurgen Psychiatry. W. W. Horton & Co., New York,
1951

2 Berman, Ronald : How Television sees its Audience. SAGE

Beverly Hills, 1987.

3 Brockriede, Wayne & Darnell, : Persons Communicating. Prentice hall, Inc.,

Donald K. New Jersey, 1948

4 Bryson, Lyman (ed.) : The Communication of Ideas. Harper & Row,

New York, 1948

5 Cherry Colin : On Human Communication. The MIT Press,

Massachusetts, 1976

6 Chomsky, Noam : The Manufacturing of Consent. Pantheon Books,

New York, 1988

9
7 Dijk, Teun A. Van. : Discourse & Communication.

8 Druckman, Daniel et. Al., : Non-verbal Communication. SAGE Beverly

Hills, 1982.

9 Duncan, Hugh Dalziel : Communication & Social Order. Bedminister

Press, New York, 1972

10 Gerbner, Georage et al., (ed.)) : The International Encyclopedia of

Communication. 4 Vols. Oxford University
Press, New York, 1983

11 Gramsci, Antonio : The Modern Prince, & other Essays,

International Publishers, New York, 1972

12 Hovland, Carl et al., : Communication & Persuasion.

Yale University Press, New Haven, 1953

13 Innis, Harold : The Bias of Communication. University of

Toronto Press, Toronto, 1951

14 Innis Harold : Empire and Communications.

Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1960

15 Leach, Edmund : Communication & Culture: the logic by which

symbols are connected.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1976

16 Lewin, Kurt : Field theory in the Social Sciences,

Tavistock, London, 1952

17 Matson, Floyd T. & Montagu, : The Human Dialogue.

Ashley S. (ed) The Free Press, New York, 1967

18 McCroskey, James C. : An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication.

Prentice-Hall, Inc., New Jersey, 1968

19 McLuhan, Marshall : The Gutenburg Galaxy.

Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1951

20 McLuhan, Marshall : The Mechanical Bride.

Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1967

21 McLuhan, Marshall : Understanding Media.

Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1964

10
22 Miller, Gerald I. : The Psychology of Communication.
Basic Books Inc, New York, 1964.

23 Miller, Gerald I. : Language & Communication.

McGraw Hill, New York, 1951

24 Mueller, Claus : The Politics of Mass Communication.

Oxford University Press, London, 1973.

25 Oliver, Robert T. : Culture & Communication. Charles C.

Thomas, Springfield, 1962

26 Oliver, Robert T. : Communication & Culture in Ancient India and

China.
University of Syracuse Press, New York, 1972

27 Olson, David R. : The World on Paper.

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994.

28 Poster, Mark : The Mode of Information: Post-structuralism &

Social Context. Polity Press, Cambridge, 1991

29 Powers, William G. & Scott, : Interpersonal Communication

Michael D Houghton-Mifflin Co., Boston, 1978.

30 Shannon, Claude E. & Weaver, : The Mathematical Theory of Communication.

Warren University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1949

31 Sperber, Dan & Wilson : Relevance Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1986

Dierdre

32 Thayer, Lee (ed.) : Communication: General Semantic Perspectives.

Spartan Books, New York, 1968

33 Thompson, John B. : Ideology & Mass culture.

Polity Press Cambridge, 1990

34 Vernon, Glenn M. : Human Interaction.

Ronal Press, New York 1972

35 Watzlawick, P.et. al. : The Pragmatics of Communication.

Norton, New York, 1967

36 Weiner, Norbert : Cybernetics.

The MIT Press, Massachusetts, 1970

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 HISTORY OF THE PRESS

ESSENTIAL READING

1 Govt. of India : Report of the Press Laws Enquiry Committee

Publication Division. Ministry of I & B.

2 Barns, Margarita : Indian Press, George Allen & Unwin, London,

1940

3 Basu, Durgada : The Law of the Press in India. Prentice-Hall, New

Delhi, 1982

4 Cheney, William : Freedom of the Press. Harcourt-Brace, New York,

1955

5 Eliott, Deni (ed.) : Responsible Journalism Sage Beverly Hills, 1986.

6 Ghose, Hemendra Prasad : Newspapers in India, Calcutta upto 1952

7 Herd, Harold : The March of Journalism. Greenwood Press,

Connecticut, 1976.

8 IPI, Zurich : Govt. Pressures on the Press.

9 Karkhanis, Sharad : Indian Politics & Role of the Press. Vikas

Publishers, New Delhi, 1981

10 Kubre, Sidney : Foundations of American Journalism.

Greenwood Press, Connecticut, 1970

11 Mankekar, D.R. : The Press versus the Govt. Indian Book Co, New
Delhi, 1973

12 Natarajan, J : History of Indian Journalism.

Publications Division, Ministry of I & B, 1955.

13 Natarajan, J : History of Indian Press: Journalism.

Division, Ministry of I & B, 1955.

14 Payne, Lee & George : History of Journalism in the U.S. Greenwood Press,
Henry Connecticut, 1940.

15 PII : The Press & the Law.

12
16 Sorabji, Soli J. : Laws of Press Censorship in India.
Bombay, N.M. Tripathi, 1976.

17 Stewart, Kenneth & : Makers of Modern Journalism. Prentice Hall, New

Tebbel, John York, 1952

18 Venkateswaran, K.R. (ed.) : Mass Media Laws and Regulations in India. Asian
Mass Communication Research & Information
Centre (AMIC), Singapore, 1993

ADDITIONAL READING

1 Govt. of India : Report of the Commission of Freedom of the Press,

USA University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1975.

2 Crawford, Nelson Antrim : The Ethics of Journalism. Greenwood Press,

Connecticut, 1969.

3 Drewry, James E. (ed.) : More Post Biographies. University of Georgia

Press, Athens, 1947

4 Drewry, James E. (ed.) : Post Biographies. University of Georgia Press,

Athens, 1947

5 Hooper, David : Public Scandal, Odium and contempt Secker &

Warburg, London 1984

6 Lichtenberg, Judith M. (ed) : Democracy and Mass Media. Cambridge

University Press, Cambridge, 1990

7 Mazumdar, Aurobindo : Indian Press and Freedom Struggle. Orient-

Longman, Calcutta, 1993.

8 Oboler, Eli, M. : Fear of the Word. Censorship & Sex. The

Scarecrow Press, New Jersey, 1974

9 Swinder, William F. : Problems of Law in Journalism. N.Y. MacMillan

1955.

10 Thomas, Sunny : Truth, Images & Distortions, Heritage Publishers,

New Delhi, 1984

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 MEDIA MANAGEMENT

ESSENTIAL READING

1 Battacharjee Arun : From Profession to Industry - the Indian Press

(Press Institute of India, New Delhi).

2 Desai, Ashok V. : Economic Aspects of Indian Press (Press Institute

of India, New Delhi).

3 Devenport, John-Scott : Newspaper Circulation-Backbone of the Industry

(W.M.C. Brown Company, Dubugue, Jowa).

4 Barnhart, Thomas F. : Newspaper Sales Promotion (426 South Sixth

Street, Burgess Publication Co., Minneapolis 15,
Minnesota).

5 Barnhart, Thomas F. : Weekly Newspaper Management

(Appleton-Country-Corfts, INC, New York)

6 Macdougla Curtis D. : Newsroom Problems and Policies (The

MacMillan Company, Inc., New York).

7 Govt. of India : Report of the Press Commission Part – I

(Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt.
of India, New Delhi)

8 Govt. of India : Report of Enquiry Committee on Small

Newspapers (Ministry of Information and
Broadcasting, Govt. of India, New Delhi)

9 Jain, Sukamal : Bharatiya Samachar Patron Ka Sangathan aur

Prabhand (M.P. Hindi Granth Akademi)

10 Sindhwani Trilok N. : Newspaper Economics & Management (Ankur

Publishing House, New Delhi).

11 Govt. of India : Report of the Second Press Commission, 1982

(Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt.
of India, New Delhi)

12 Ojha, Parfullachandra : Murdan Parcichay Bihar Hindi Granth Academy.

13 Lidbide, AN. : Mudran Samagri Prodhogiki (M.P. Hindi Granth

Academy).

14
14 Pollard James E. : Principal of Newspaper Management. Mc Graw
Hill, New York, 1937.

15 Sindhwani, Trilok N. : Newspaper Economic Management.

Ankur Publishers, New Delhi, 1979

16 Thayer, Frank : Newspaper Business Management. NY,

Appleton, Century, 1988

ADDITIONAL READING

1 Entman, Robert L. & Paletz, : Media-Power-Politics. The Free Press, New

David York, 1981

2 Lent, John A (ed) : The Asian Newspapers’ Reluctant

Revolution. Iowa State University Press, Lowa,
1971

3 Rau, M. Chalpathi : The Press in India. Bombay, Allied, 1968

4 Sommerlad, F. Lloyed : The Press in Developing Countries.

Sydney University Press, Sydney, 1966

5 Bird George C. & Merwin, F.E : The Press & Society, Prentice-Hall New Jersey,
(ed) 1957

6 Demers, David Pearce & : Precision Journalism. SAGE, Newbury Park,

Nichols Sussanne 1987

7 Drewry, John E (ed.) : Dimensional Journalism. University of Georgia,

Georgia, 1951

8 Fischer, Heinz Dietrich (ed.) : New Journalism, Picador, London, 1980

9 Hutleng, John L. : The Opinion Function. Harper & Row, New York
, 1973

10 Johnson, E.W. & Wolfe, Tom : New Journalism, Picador, London, 1980
(ed.)

11 Meyer, Philip : Precision Journalism. Indian University Press,

Bloomington, 1979

12 Morris, Richard & Shyder, : A Treasury of Great Reporting. Simon &

Louis (ed.) Schuster, New York, 1962

15
13 Nafziger, Ralph O. & : An Introduction to Journalism Research.
Wilkerson, Marcus M.(ed.) Greenwood Press, New York, 1968

14 Turnstall, Jeremy : The West Minister Lobby Correspondents.

Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1970.

15 Bahl Sushil : Business Communication Today, Sage

Publications, New Delhi, 1996

16
PAPER – II: WRITING & REPORTING FOR MEDIA

(A) Course Objectives:

Unit I introduces the students to basics of print journalism.

Unit II is designed to train students in the art and science of writing creative non-fiction
in keeping with contemporary professional demands. The ability to think laterally and to
generate ideas will be stressed. Theoretical instruction would be interspersed with
creative writing workshops.
Unit III is designed to familiarize students with various press laws in order to practice
responsible journalism. Instruction in each law shall be accompanied by case discussions.

Unit IV trains the students to understand the basic concepts and terminology specific to
the media of radio and television; provides in depth grounding in the theory on which the
two media operate; provides practical knowledge to conduct research in radio and TV
communication.

(B) Pedagogy of the Course Work:

80% Lectures (including expert lectures)
20% Unit tests, snap tests, assignments, attendance and class room participation.

Instructions for papersetters and candidates:

1. There shall be 9 questions in all.

2. The first question is compulsory comprising 15 short answer type questions
spread over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25-30 words each. The
candidates are required to attempt 10 questions. Each question shall be of 2
marks. (10X2 = 20 marks)
3. Rest of the paper shall contain four units. Two questions shall be asked from
each unit and the candidates shall be given internal choice. The candidates shall
attempt one question from each unit. Each question will carry 15 marks.
(4X15 = 60 marks)

Unit – I: Print Journalism – I

Introduction to print media; Print media in India

Basics of journalism; Importance of journalism in a democracy
Concept of news; Definition of news
News values, The news story structure, 5 Ws and 1H
The inverted pyramid pattern: Need and Usefulness.
The essentials of news writing
Importance of lead in a story, types of leads.

17
Process of newsgathering, making and maintaining sources of news.

Qualifications and responsibilities of a reporter, organisation of reporting staff in dailies

Practical Exercises: A file on at least 12 types of leads to be prepared by the students

by clipping examples of each type and identifying them.

Unit – II: Print Journalism – II

Definition & nature of Feature writing

Role and importance of creative non-fiction in the publishing industry.
Classification and types of features: News features; personality sketches; biographical
sketches, obituaries; commemorative features; problem features; utility features; hobby
feature; career features; lifestyle features; historical features; personal experience
features; philosophical features. Reviews: films, books, the visual and performing arts
Photo features.
Techniques of idea generation, importance of lateral thinking.
Professional approach to writing creative non-fiction: organization and composition –
structuring the story, incorporating action, eliminating deadwood, adding detail, using
literary devices, maintaining focus.

Practicals: Creative Writing Workshops and idea stimulation exercises.

Unit – III: Radio & TV Communication - I

Brief introduction to the origin and development of Broadcasting in India:

Basics of world systems of broadcasting;
International Telecommunication Union;
Role of Radio & TV in social change, education & entertainment;
Characteristics of Radio & TV;
Programme composition & programme planning strategies;
TRP/TAM; CPM.
Organization of news services division in All India Radio & Doordarshan;

Unit – IV: Press Laws

Freedom of speech and expression: Constitutional guarantees and restraints viz. Article
19(1)(a) and Article 19(2).
Press Laws (analysis of the bare Act with case studies): Official Secrets Act, 1923; Right
to Information Act, 2005; Law of Defamation (Section 499-502 of IPC); Contempt of
Court, 1971; Law of Parliamentary Privileges (Article 105 (3) and 194 (3); Parliamentary
Proceedings (Protection of Publication) Act, 1977 (Article 361-A); Copyright Act, 1957;
Law of Obscenity (Section 292-294 of IPC).

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 PRINT JOURNALISM-I

ESSENTIAL READING

1 Mac Dougall, Curtis D. : Interpretative Reporting (Macmillan New

York).

2 Hohenmerg, John : The Professional Journalist (Holt, Rinehart

and Winston, London)

3 Waren, Carl H. : Modern News Reporting (Harper, New

York)

4 Cambell, Laurence R. and R.E. : How to Report and Write the news.
Walseley (Prentice-Hall, New York).

5 Cambell, Laurence R. and R.E. : Newsmen at Work (Houchton Mifflin,

Walseley Bostons).

6 Critchfield, Richard P. : The Indian Reporter’s Guide (Allied

Pacific, Bombay).

7 Lweis, James : The Active Reporter (Press institute of

India, New Delhi).

8 Charnley, Mitchell, V : Reporting (Hold Rinehart and Winston

New Delhi).

9 Rajindra : Sanvad Aur Sanvaddatta (Haryana)

Hindi Granth Academy.

10 Aivar, R. Ramachandra : Quest for News (The Macmillan Company

of India, New Delhi)

11 IIMC : A manual for News Agency Reports

(Indian Institute of Mass Communication,
New Delhi, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi)

12 Benett – England, Rondey : Inside Journalism. Peter Owen Ltd.,

(ed.) London, 1967

13 Copple, Neale : Depth Reporting. Prentice-hall, New

Jersey, 1964

19
14 Danilov, Victor J. : Public Affairs Reporting. Macmillan, New
York, 1964

15 Harris, Geoffrey & Spark, : Practical Newspaper Reporting.

David William-Heinemann, London, 1966

16 Jones, John Paul : Gathering & Writing the News. Nelson-

Hall, Chicago, 1976

17 Jones, John Paul : Modern Reporter’s Handbook.

Greenwood Press, Connecticut, 1970

18 Mencher, Melvin : Basic News Writing: W.M.C. Brown

Publishers, New York, 1989.

19 Metz, William : News Writing. Prentice-Hall Inc., New

Jersey, 1979

20 Metzler, Ken : News Gathering. Prentice-Hall Inc., New

Jersey, 1977.

21 Metzler, Ken : Creative Interviewing: The Writer’s Guide

to gathering information by asking
questions. Allyn and Bacon Inc., 1996.

ADDITIONAL READING

1 Demers, David Pearce & : Precision Journalism. SAGE, Newbury

Nichols, Sussanne Park, 1989.

2 Fisher, Heinz-dietrich (ed.) : Outstanding International Press Reporting

(2 Vols.), Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1984

3 Johnson, E. W. & Wolfe, Tom : New Journalism. Picador, London, 1980

(ed.)

4 Mann, Gian Singh : Journalism: Concepts and Controversies.

Gyan Publishers, Ludhiana, 1980.

5 Meyer, Philip : Precision Journalism. Indiana University

Press, Bloomington, 1973

6 Padhye, Prabhake : Principles of Journalism. Popular

Prakashan, Bombay, 1991

7 Snyder, Louis (ed.) : A Treasury of Great Reporting. Simon &

20
 Schuster, New York, 1962

8 Schulte, Henry H. : Reporting Public Affairs. Macmillian, New

York, 1981

PRINT JOURNALISM-II

ESSENTIAL READING

1 Rivers, William. L Freelancer and Staff Writer: Newspaper Features and

Magazine Articles, Wadsworth Publishing Co.1991

2 Alexander Louis Beyond the Facts: A Guide to the Art of Feature

Writing. Gulf Publishing Co, 1987

3 Look, Marshall. J Leads and Conclusions, Writers’ Digest Books, 1995

4 Jacobi, Peter. B The Magazine Article: How to Think it, Plan it, Write
it, Indiana University Press, 1997

ADDITIONAL READING

1 Kennedy, A Beyond the Inverted Pyramid, Bradford Books, 1992

2 Thomas Sunny Writing for the Media. Vision Books Ltd. N.D, 1997

3 Elbow Peter Writing with Power. Oxford University Press.N.Y

1998

4 Yudkin, Marcia Writing Articles About the World Around You,

Writers’ Digest Books, 1998

5 Wray, Cheryl Sloan Writing for Magazines: A Beginners Guide, NTC

Publishing Group, 1996

21
6 Hay, Vicky The Essential Feature: Writing for Newspapers and
Magazines, Columbia University Press, 1991

7 Wilber, Rick G Magazine Feature Writing, Bedford Books, 1994.

8 Harrington, Walt. Ed Intimate Journalism: The Art and Craft of Reporting

Everyday Life, Sage Publications, N.Y. 1997

9 Metzler, Ken Creative Interviewing: The Writer’s Guide to

Gathering Information by Asking Questions, Allyn
and Bacon Inc. 1996

10 Sheenfeld C.A Effective Feature Writing. Harper Brothers

11 Steighelman W. Writing the Feature Article. MacMillan.

12 Nelson Roy Paul Articles and Features. Haughton Mifflin Co. 1978

13 Nicholls Brian Features with Flair. Vikas Publishing House N.D,

1972

14 Drewery John E. Book Reviewing. The Writer Inc.

RADIO AND TV COMMUNICATION-I

ESSENTIAL READING

1 G.C. Awasthy : Broadcasting in India, Bombay Allied,

1965.

2 Govt. of India : Radio and Television: Report of the

Committee of Broadcasting and
Information, 1966.

22
3 P.C. Chatterji : Adventure of Indian Broadcasting: A
Philosopher’s Auto Biography Delhi,
Konark, 1974.

4 B.D. Dhawan : Economics of TV in India. New Delhi, S.

Chand, 1974.

5 Govt. of India : Akash Bharti(Report of The Working

Group of Autonomy for Akashvani &
Doordarshan) 2 Volumes. Publications
Division, Min. of 1 & B, 1978.

6 Govt. of India : An Indian Personality for Television:

(Report of The Working Group On
Software for Doordarshan) Min I & B,
1985.

7 Govt. of India : Radio and Television (Report of The

Committee on Broadcasting and
Information) Publications Division, Min.
of I & B, 1968.

8 Barnouw, Erik : The Sponsor, Oxford University Press,

New York, 1978.

9 Chatterji,P.C. : Broadcasting in India. SAGE, New

Delhi, 1991.

10 Chatterji,P.C. : Two Voices. Hemkund Publishers, New

Delhi, 1979.

11 Chester, giraud et. al. : Television and Radio Prentice Hall, New
Jersey, 1978.

12 Franklin,O. Thomas : Broadcasting The News. Pageant Press,

New York, 1952.

13 Luthra, H.P. : Indian Broadcasting. Publications

Division, Min. of I & B, 1984.

14 Rao, B.S.S. : Television for Rural Development.

Concept Publishers, New Delhi, 1992.

15 Shivastava, K.M. : Radio and TV Journalism, Sterling

Publications Pvt. Ltd.., New Delhi, 1989.

23
16 Swallow, Norman : Factual Television. The Focal Press,
London, 1966.

17 Wolverton, Mike : And The News. Gulf, publishing Co.,

Houston, 1977.

ADDITIONAL READING

1 Barsam, Richard Meran (ed.) : Non-Fiction Film: Theory & Criticism,

E.R. Dutton & co., Toronto, 1976.

2 Barman, Ronald : How Television see Its Audience. SAGE,

Beverly Hills, 1988.

3 Carey, James W. : Media Myths and Narratives: Television

and the Press SAGE, Beverly Hills, 1988.

4 Dighe, Anita & Krishnan, : Affirmation and Denial: The

Prabha Construction of Feminity on Indian
Television, SAGE, New Delhi, 1990.

5 Hawkridge, David & : Organising Educational Broadcasting

Robinson, John Croom- Millan, London, 1932.

6 Katz, Elihu & Weddell, C. : Broadcasting in The Third World,

George MacMillan, London, 1977.

7 Kerambon, Jacques & : Cinema and Television. Orient-

Shahani, Kumar (ed.) Longman, New Delhi, 1992.

8 Leibert, Robert M. & : The Early Window Peragamon Press,

Sprafkin, Joyce Exeter, 1988.

9 Mitra, Ananda : Television and Popular Culture in India.

A Study of the Mahabharat. SAGE, New
Delhi, 1993.

10 Queeney, Kathryn : Direct Broadcasting Satellites and the

United Nations. Sijthoff & Noordhoff,
Alph

11 Franklin, O. Thomas : Broadcasting The News. Pageant Press,

New York, 1952.

24
 12 Rao, B.S.S. : Television for Rural Development.
Concept Publishers, New Delhi, 1992.

13 Shivastava, K.M. : Radio and TV Journalism, Sterling

Publications Pvt. Ltd.., New Delhi, 1989.

14 Wolverton, Mike : Reality on Reels: How to Make

Documentaries. Gulf Publishing Co.,
Houston, 1977.

15 Carey, James W. : Media Myths and Narratives: Television

and the Press SAGE, Beverly Hills, 1988.

16 Seiter, Ellen et al.,(ed.) : Remote Control: Television, Audiences

& Cultural Power. Routledge, London,
1989.

17 Smith, Delbert D. : Tele Service via Satellite. Sijthoff &

Noordhoff, Alphen Aan Den Rijt, 1978.

18 Tracey, Michael : The Production of Political Television.

Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1977.

19 Windelsham, Lord : Broadcasting in a Free Society. Basil

Blackwell, Kegan Paul, London, 1977.

20 Lynee S. Gross WCB : Tele Communication- An Introduction to

Electronic Media. Wm. C. Brown
Publisher.

PRESS LAWS

ESSENTIAL READING

1 Bhatia, Sita Freedom of Press – Politico-Legal Aspects of Press

Legislations in India, Rawat Publications, Jaipur,
1997
2 Basu, Durga Das Law of the Press, Prentice Hall, India. N.D, 1996

3 Ravindran, R.K. Handbook of Press Laws and Ethics, Anmol

Publications, N.D, 1999

25
4 Venkateswaran, K.S Mass Media Laws and Regulations in India, Asian
Mass Comm. Singapore, 1993

5 D’Souza, Y.K. Freedom of Press: Constitution and Media

Responsibility, Commonwealth Publishers, N.D,
1998

6 Iyer, Krishna V.R Freedom of Information, Eastern Book Co.

Lucknow, 1990

7 Ravindran, R.K Press in the Indian Constitution, Indian Publishers,

N.D, 1997

ADDITIONAL READING
1 Fineman, Martha.A ed Feminism, Media and the Law, Oxford University
Press. N.Y, 1997

2 Mittal, D.P. Law of Information Technology, Taxmann, 2000

3 Grover, A.N Press and the Law, Vikas Publishing House, N.D,
1990

4 Sharma, B.R Freedom of Press – Under the Indian Constitution,

Deep and Deep Publications, N.D, 1993

26
PAPER – III: EDITING AND PRESENTATION FOR MEDIA

(A) Course Objectives:

Unit I will sensitize the students to the art and craft of editing; inculcate qualities required
to be a competent and responsible Sub-editor; to equip them with skills to edit different
kinds of copy; to sensitize them to frame the right headlines and cutlines; to train them in
the selection and editing of pictures.
The objective of Unit II is to train students in designing publications using computer
software. For this they would be taught to handle the verbal and visual elements of design
in keeping with design principles and the nature of publication.

Unit III will sensitize students to the development of concepts for documentaries and
television programs, scripting, directing, camera handling programming editing etc.

Unit IV will train students in various related computer software used in print and
broadcast media.

(B) Pedagogy of the Course Work:

80% Lectures (including expert lectures)
20% Unit tests, snap tests, assignments, attendance and class room participation.

Instructions for papersetters and candidates:

1. There shall be 9 questions in all.

2. The first question is compulsory comprising 15 short answer type questions
spread over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25-30 words each. The
candidates are required to attempt 10 questions. Each question shall be of 2
marks. (10X2 = 20 marks)
3. Rest of the paper shall contain four units. Two questions shall be asked from each
unit and the candidates shall be given internal choice. The candidates shall
attempt one question from each unit. Each question will carry 15 marks. (4X15
= 60 marks)

Unit – I: Editing for Print Media

Organization and operations of the Newsroom of a daily newspaper

Need for editing; qualities and responsibilities of Sub-editor, chief Sub-editor and News
editor
Sources of news copy; editing different types of copy; copy reading symbols; style sheet;
rewriting mofussil copy
Headlines: significance and functions, typographical patterns of writing headlines, Do’s
and Don’ts of headline writing, headline schedule
Significance of pictures: briefing the cameraman, selection, editing and cropping of
pictures, writing cutlines.

27
 Unit – II: Graphic Design for Print Media

Graphic design and the communication process.

Vocabulary of design: Point, line, shape, texture, tone, colour, mass, motion, space, scale
and proportion.
Elements of Design (verbal, visual and white space): text as a visual element: Design,
structure and classification of type; Typographic presentation: legibility and
appropriateness; text-breakers – sub-headings, drop letters or initial letters, bold-faced
paragraphs, boxes.
Illustrations, pictures, info graphics etc as visual elements: types, criteria for selection,
importance in design.
Principles of design: Balance and proportion, focus, contrast, movement and rhythm,
harmony and unity.

Unit – III: Radio & TV Communication - II

Basic principles of writing news for Radio & TV;

Do’s & don’ts for conducting interviews & discussions for TV/Radio.
Basics of TV script-writing;
Pre-production considerations: above and below the line functions.

Unit – IV: Computer Applications

Importance of Computer Software in Editing & Design.
Quark XPress Basics; Creating, Opening and Saving Documents; Creating text and
graphic elements; importing and editing text; formatting text and using style sheets;
importing and editing graphics; creating and using master pages; using colors.

EDITING FOR PRINT MEDIA

ESSENTIAL READING

1 Tayler, Howard B. and Jacab Scher : Copy Reading and News Editing
(Prentice Hall, New York).

2 Mansfiled, T.J. : Sub-editing Sir Issac Pitman & Sons, Ltd.,

London.

3 Evans, Harold : Editing and Design (Five Volumes)

(William Heinamann, London).

28
 Book One: Newman’s English
Book Two: Handling Newspaper Text
Book Three: News Headlines
Book Four: Picture Editing
Book Five: Newspaper Design.

4 Westley, Bruce : News Editing Houghton, Mifflin Co.

Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

5 IPI Manual : The Active Newsroom (International Press

Institute of Zurich).

6 Hides, Michael : The Sub-editor companion (Press Institute of

India, New Delhi).

7 Payne, Lee : Getting started in Photo Journalism

(Chilton Book company, New York).

8 Narayanan K.P. : Sampadam Kala (M.P. Hindi Granth Academy).

9 George, T.J.S. : News Editing ( Indian Institute of Mass

Communication, New Delhi, 1980)

10 Baskette, Floyd D. & Sissors, Jack : The Art of Editing. Macmillan, New York,
1995

11 Bastian, George et al., : Editing the Day’s News. Macmillan, New

York, 1956

12 Bentley , Garth : Editing the Company Publication.

Harper & Bros., New York, 1953

13 Hoy, Frank P. : Photo Journalism: the Visual Approach.

Prentice-hall, New Jersey, 1986

14 MacNaughton, Harry : Proofreading & Copy-editing.

Hastings. House. New York, 1973

15 Maghdam, Dineh : Computers in Newspaper Publishing.

Marcel-Dekker Inc., New York, 1978

16 McGriffert, Robert C. : The Art of Editing the News.

Chilton Book Co., New York, 1937

17 Prince, Jack : News Photography.

29
 Ronald Table Press, New York, 1937

18 Prince, Jack : News Picture.

Ronald Table Press, New York, 1937

19 Ray, Sidney : The Lens in Action.

The Focal Press, London, 1976.

20 Taylor, Ron & Teel, Leonard Ray : Into the Newsroom.

Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1985

ADDITIONAL READING

1 Bills, Lawrence : GEM Desk Publishing.

Scott, Foresman & Co., London, 1989

2 Fyfe, Gordon & Law : Visual Power. Routledge, London, 1988

3 IPI Manual : The Active Newsroom.

4 Jordan, Lewis : The New York Times style book for Writers
and Editors McGraw Hill, New York, 1956

5 Tochman Gaye : Making News: A Study in the construction of

Reality Free Press, New York, 1978

6 Worlock, Peter : The desktop Publishing Book.

Heinemann, London, 1988.

GRAPHIC DESIGN FOR PRINT MEDIA

ESSENTIAL READING

1 Sutton, Albert A. : Design and make-up of the Newspaper

(Prentice-Hall, New York)

2 Hutt, Allen : An Outline of Newspaper Typography

Odhams for the National Union of
Journalists.

3 Roger Bernard : Elementary Typography Sir Issac Pitman &

Sons, Ltd., London

30
4 Amold, Edmund C. : Functional Newspaper Design. Harper &
Row, New York, 1956.

5 Amold Edmund C. : Ink On Paper. Harper & Row, New York,

1972.

6 Collin, D.H. : Dictionary of Printing & Publishing,

Peter Collin Publishing Ltd., Middlesex,
1989.

7 Evans, Harold : Newspaper Design. Holt, Rinehart &

Winston, New York, 1974

8 Hurlburt, Allen : Publications Design. Van Norstrand-

Reinhold Co., New York, 1977

9 Johnson, H.F. : Type Design. Grafton & Co., London, 1951

10 Krishnamoorti, R. : Copy Preparation & Proof Reading.

Northern Book Center, New Delhi, 1986

11 Lewis John : Typography. Barrie & Jenikins, London,

1978.

12 Mintz, Patricia Barnes : A Dictionary of Graphic Arts Terms. Van

Norstand-Reinhold Co., New York, 1981.

ADDITIONAL READING
1 Banks, W.H. (ed.) : Recent Developments in Graphic Arts
Research Pergmom, Oxford, 1971

2 Goudy, Fredric W. : Typologia. University of California Press,

Berkeley, 1977

3 Ivins Jr., William : Print & Visual Culture. Routledge & Kegan
Paul, London, 1953

4 McLuhan, Marshall : The Gutenberg Galaxy. Routledge & Kegan

Paul, Toronto, 1967

5 Hoy, Frank : Photo Journalism: The Visual approach.

Prentice- Hall, New Jersey, 1986.

6 Williams, Robin The Non Designers Design Book, Peachpitt

Press1994
The Non Designers Type Book, Peachpitt

31
 Press,1998

7 Meggs, Philip. B A History of Graphic Design, John Wiley

and Sons, 1998

8 Wilde, Judith and Wilde, Visual Literacy – A Conceptual Approach to

Richard Graphic Problem Solving Watson Guptill
Publishers, N.Y. 2000

9 Krause, Jim Ideas Index: Graphic Effects and

Typographic Treatment, North Light Books,
N.Y, 2000

10 Fishal, Catherine Redesigning Identity: Graphic Design

Strategies for Success, Rockport Publishers,
2000

11 Bringhurst, Robert The Elements of Typographic Style, Hartley

and Marks, 1997

12 Fink, Anne Faces on the Edge: Type Design in the

Digital Age, Peachpitt Press, 1998

13 Leslie, Jeremy Issues – New Magazine Design, Ginko

Press, 2000

RADIO AND TV COMMUNICATION-II

ESSENTIAL READING

1 Campbell, Laurence R. et. al. : A Guide to Radio-TV Writing. Iowa state

University Press, Iowa, 1950.

2 Cohen,Akiba N. : The Television News Interview. SAGE,

Beverly Hills, 1987.

3 Cowgill Rome : Fundamentals of Writing for Radio

Rinehart & Co., New York, 1949.

32
 4 Fang, I.E. : Television News: Writing, Editing
Filming, Broadcasting. Hasting House,
New York, 1978.

5 Health, Eric : Television Writer, S Handbook. Brewster

Publishers, Los Angeles, 1962.

6 Kirsch, Maurice : How to Write Commentaries. The Focal

Press, London, 1965.

7 Maloney, Martin J. & : Writing for the Media. Prentice Hall,

Rubenstein, Paul Max New Jersey, 1980.

8 Willis, Edgar : Writing Television & Radio

Programmes. Holt, Rinehart & Winston,
New York, 1967.

9 Mylie, Max : Radio & Television Writing. Rinehart,

New York, 1950.

ADDITIONAL READING

1 Ken Fielding : Introduction to Television Production

(Arizone State University) Longman
New York & London.

2 Lynee S. Gross WCB : Tele Communication- An Introduction to

Electronic Media. Wm. C. Brown
Publisher.

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

ESSENTIAL READING

1 Binder, Kate : Teach yourself Quark XPress. Tech Media,

New Delhi, 1998.
2
Busch, David D. Teach yourself Pagemaker. BPB Publications.
1997
3
Davis, Bront Teach yourself Photoshop. Hayden Books,
1998.

33
PAPER – IV: PRACTICALS

Course Objectives:
To provide practical training to the students as a continuum to the theory paper taught
during the semester.

Components:

Student Reporter (35 Marks): A weekly laboratory journal would be published by the
students covering the entire spectrum of instruction in Print Media. The work profile
would include coverage of beat area, newsgathering, writing and condensing news
reports, features and articles, editing, composition, design and circulation.

Tele News Board (15 Marks): A daily wall newspaper derived from teleprinter copy.
The work profile would include selection, editing, headline writing, placement as per
news values and layout. It would be a group assignment.

Broadcast practicals (30 marks): these would cover the entire spectrum of radio & TV
communication. The work profile would include camera handling, broadcasting
assignments, sensitization to studio work.

Communication Theory Practicals (10 Marks): Individual presentation to the class on

a topic to be chosen in consultation with the teacher. Feedback to be collected by the
presenter from every classmate to identify strength and weaknesses as source-encoder

Media file (10 Marks): Presentation of a clippings file pertaining to media. It will be a
group presentation.

34
SECOND SEMESTER

PAPER – I: COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA

(A) Course Objectives:

Unit I and Unit II will broaden and deepen the students understanding of the field of
communication by introducing them to important theories, models and concepts in
communication.
Unit III will train the students in various aspects of news writing styles.
Unit IV will train the students to execute multiple features by slanting to different
markets; to train them in market research and other techniques required to sell their
features. It will also acquaint them with the magnitude of the market.

(B) Pedagogy of the Course Work:

80% Lectures (including expert lectures)
20% Unit tests, snap tests, assignments, attendance and class room participation.

Instructions for papersetters and candidates:

1. There shall be 9 questions in all.

2. The first question is compulsory comprising 15 short answer type questions spread
over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25-30 words each. The candidates
are required to attempt 10 questions. Each question shall be of 2 marks.
(10X2 = 20 marks)
3. Rest of the paper shall contain four units. Two questions shall be asked from each
unit and the candidates shall be given internal choice. The candidates shall attempt
one question from each unit. Each question will carry 15 marks. (4X15 = 60 marks)

Unit – I: Theories & Models of Communication – I

Media performance theories: Authoritarian, Free-press, Totalitarian, Social

Responsibility.
Agenda Setting Model: basic model; model of differential agenda-setting, criticism.
Uses & Gratifications perspective: basic model; Rosengren’s model; criticism

Unit – II: Theories & Models of Communication – II

Neuman’s Spiral of Silence model; Dependency Model of communication; McLuhan’s

Media Determinism, concepts of Global Village and hot & cool media.
Media violence theories: Catharsis, Reinforcement, Cultivation, Observational-Learning.
Display-Attention model: the market-driven dimension.

35
Unit – III: Print Journalism – I

Various areas in reporting

1. Weather
2. Accidents and crime
3. Government, speeches, meetings, elections and politics
4. Society and culture
5. Education
6. Sports
7. Courts

Writing obituaries, news interviews, news features

Covering press conferences
Reporting for magazines and news agencies.

Practical Exercises: News writing assignments given regularly in the classroom

to hone news writing skills.

Unit – IV: Print Journalism – II

Feature Writing: an art or a craft?

Science of consistent selling: inculcating a professional writer’s mindset, importance of
market research, slant, human interest, humour and illustrations
Preparation of manuscript.
Scope for freelance writing in Print and online.

Practicals: Exercises in market research, multiple feature generation from a single idea.

THEORIES & MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

Courses of reading same as semester-I

PRINT JOURNALISM-I

Courses of reading same as semester-I

36
 PRINT JOURNALISM-II

ESSENTIAL READING
1 Blundell, William. E The Art and Craft of Feature Writing, Plume
Inc.,1998
2 Garrison, Bruce Professional Feature Writing, Laurence Eribaum
Assoc, 1998
3 Bean, Erik Writing for Publication, Deadline Communications
1999
4 Krantz, Marshall Ideas and Research, Writers’ Digest Books, 1996

ADDITIONAL READING

1 Scott, Meredith (ed ) Writing to Sell, Harper and Row. 1974

2 Evans, Nancy and How to get Happily Published, Harper and Row.
Applebaum, Judith.
1978

3 Shaw, Eva The Successful Writer’s Guide to publishing

Magazine Articles, Rodgers and Nelson Publishing
Co. 1998

4 Wells, Gordon The Craft of Writing Articles, Allison and Burby Inc.
1997

5 Hennessey, Brendan Writing Feature Articles: A Practical Guide to

Methods and Markets, Focal Press, 1997

6 Friedlander, Edward. J Feature Writing for Newspapers and Magazines: The

Pursuit of Excellence, Addison-Wesley Publishing
Co. 1999

7 Patterson Helen M. Writing and Selling Feature Articles. Prentice Hall

PAPER – II: CURRENT MEDIA ISSUES

37
(A) Course Objectives:

Unit I will sensitize the students to the importance of press freedom and the related issues
of responsibility and accountability. Ethical codes, their violation as well as factors
necessitating the violation would be discussed. Practicals would involve role play and
case discussions.
In continuation with the first semester, Unit II deals with the business aspect of mass
media.
Unit III sensitizes the students to the history of the press in post-Independence India.
In Unit IV current affairs pertaining to social, cultural, economical, political issues etc
would be taken up for discussion and analysis.

(B) Pedagogy of the Course Work:

80% Lectures (including expert lectures)
20% Unit tests, snap tests, assignments, attendance and class room participation.

Instructions for papersetters and candidates:

1. There shall be 9 questions in all.

2. The first question is compulsory comprising 15 short answer type questions spread
over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25-30 words each. The candidates
are required to attempt 10 questions. Each question shall be of 2 marks.
(10X2 = 20 marks)
3. Rest of the paper shall contain four units. Two questions shall be asked from each
unit and the candidates shall be given internal choice. The candidates shall attempt
one question from each unit. Each question will carry 15 marks. (4X15 = 60 marks)

Unit – I: Ethical issues in Media

Defining ethics: Work ethic and professional integrity; Code of conduct for journalists:
self regulation; organizational regulation; the Press Council of India guidelines under the
Press Council Act, 1978.
Role, responsibility and accountability: Supportive and adversarial role of a journalist as
a commentator, educator, reflector and communicator; Responsibility and accountability
of the press viz. government, citizen, employer and self; Role of proprietor, editor,
politicians and market forces as a factor affecting professionalism; Ethical problems
including yellow journalism, invasion of privacy, plagiarism, bias, infotainment.

Practicals: Class Presentations on Ethical violations, debates on ethical issues, role

play.

Unit – II: Media Management

38
Media industry: Significant aspects of newspaper industry in India and its constraints
including problems of small and medium newspapers in India. Problems of newspapers
in present scenario. Role of Publisher and GM

Newspaper Business Management: Definition and Classification of newspapers,

Newspaper as an industrial product. Organizational structure of different Departments of
Newspapers.

Electronic media management: Radio, TV, Online- Organisational structures and

functions

Practical Exercise:

Class is divided into groups. Each group visits a different department of a local
newspaper office or television or radio channel. Each group leader prepares and presents
a report on the functioning, strengths and problems of the department visited by them.
The success of the project depends on how well the team functions.

Unit – III: Modern History of Press

Indian Press: Post Independence history of press

Stage I (1947 – 1975) From Independence to Emergency

1st and 2nd Press Commissions
Press Council of India
Stage V (1975 till date) Growth of media industry post liberalization
Media organizations such as PIB, DAVP, PTI

Practical Exercise: Students are divided in groups of three. Each group

is assigned a period in history. The group researches
and makes a short (5 Minutes) presentation on the
given period or entity

Unit – IV: Current Affairs

Current affairs pertaining to social, cultural, economical, political issues etc would be
taken up for discussion and analysis.

39
 ETHICAL ISSUES IN MEDIA

ESSENTIAL READING

1 Prabhakar, Manohar and Bhanawat, Compendium of Codes of Conduct for Media

Sanjeev Professionals, University Book House, Jaipur. 1999

2 Trikha, N.K The Press Council – A Self Regulatory Mechanism for

the Press, Somaiya Publications, N.D, 1986

3 Gupta, V.S. and Dayal, Rajeshwar Media and Market Forces: Challenges and
(ed) Opportunities, Concept Publishing Co. N.D, 1998

4 Olen, Jeffrey Ethics in Journalism, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1988

5 Padhy, K.S Indian Press: Role and Responsibility, Ashish

Publishing House, N.D, 1984
The Muzzled Press, Kanishka Publishers, N.D, 1984
6 Padhy, K.S

7 McManus, John. H Market Driven Journalism, Sage Publications, N.D,

1994

8 Christians, Clifford and Traber, Communication Ethics and Universal Values, Sage
Michael Publications, N.D, 1997

9 Sharma, S.R Democracy and the Press, Radha Publications, N.D,

1996

10 Padhy, K.S. Battle for Freedom of Press in India, Academic

Foundation, N.D, 1991

11 Joseph, M.K Freedom of the Press, Anmol Publications, N.D, 1997

12 Bandyopadhyay, P.K and Arora, Practitioners’ Guide to Journalistic Ethics, D.K

Kuldip. S Publishers, 1998

40
13 Adhikari, Gautam Press Councils – the Indian Experience, Press Institute
of India, N.D, 1971

14 Linz, Daniel and Malamuth, Neil Pornography, Sage Publications, N.D, 1994

15 Flichy, Patrice Dynamics of Modern Communication, Sage

Publications, N.D, 1995

16 Padhye, Prabhakar Principles of Journalism, Popular Prakashan, Mumbai,

1991

17 Karkhanis, Sharad Indian Politics and Role of the Press, Vikas Publishers,
N.D, 1981

ADDITIONAL READING
1 Mehta, Vinod Mr. Editor, How Close are you to the PM, Konark
Publishers, N.D, 1999

2 Aggarwal, S.K Media and Ethics, Sipra Publications, N.D, 1993

3 Chauhan, Swati and Chandra, Navin Journalism Today: Principles, Practices and
Challenges, Kanishka Publishers, N.D, 1997

4 Tharyam, P. Good News, Bad News, Punnoose Tharyam, N.D,

1999

MEDIA MANAGEMENT

Courses of reading same as semester-I

MODERN HISTORY OF THE PRESS

Courses of reading same as semester-I

41
PAPER – III: MEDIA PRODUCTION

(A) Course Objectives:

Unit I will involve practical exercises ranging from designing front pages to templates.
The students would also be made conversant with contemporary printing processes used
in the print industry. Visits to printing presses and newspaper production departments
would be organized for demonstration purposes.
Unit II and III will provide the students with requisite knowledge and understanding that
will enable them to produce television programmes (pre-production, production and post
production stages).
Unit IV will train them in the use of relevant computer software.

(B) Pedagogy of the Course Work:

80% Lectures (including expert lectures)
20% Unit tests, snap tests, assignments, attendance and class room participation.

Instructions for papersetters and candidates:

1. There shall be 9 questions in all.

2. The first question is compulsory comprising 15 short answer type questions spread
over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25-30 words each. The candidates
are required to attempt 10 questions. Each question shall be of 2 marks.
(10X2 = 20 marks)
3. Rest of the paper shall contain four units. Two questions shall be asked from each
unit and the candidates shall be given internal choice. The candidates shall attempt
one question from each unit. Each question will carry 15 marks (4X15 = 60 marks)

Unit – I: Print Production

Application of design principles in print layout.

Types of layout and page makeup, Types of front page makeup.
Mechanics of page makeup.
Print Production using computerized phototypesetting, planographic printing process and
rotary offset printing press.

Practicals: Page mock ups and cover designs.

Unit – II: Radio & Television Production – I

Production and post-production considerations;

Video production team;
Role of producer, director; cameraman, floor manager, editor etc.;
Radio Production team.

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 Unit – III: Radio & Television Production - II

Basic Radio Production equipment and process.

Basic camera shots, language of camera movements, composition, camera perspective;
language of vision mixing (transitions);
Basics of editing, switching, components of video editing systems, using the editing
system;
Basics of sound perspective-microphones and their pick-up patterns;
Basics of lighting for video production

Unit – IV: Computer Applications

The Language of Film.
Editing applications and features using Non – linear editing software: the basic interface,
editing tools.
Video editing with Windows Movie Maker and Adobe Premiere: effects, transitions,
titles, motion and transparency
.
PRINT PRODUCTION

ESSENTIAL READING

1 Sutton, Albert A. : Design and make-up of the newspaper

(Prentice-Hall, New York)

2
Craig, James Production for the Graphic Designer. Watson-
Gutpill Publications. N.Y 1979

3 Allen, Join : News Paper Design. Harper & Bros ., New York,
1947

4 Amold, Edmund C. : Functional Newspaper Design. Harper & Row,

New York, 1956.

5 Ballinger, Raymond : Layout. Reinhold Publishing Corpn., New York,

1956.

6 Craigd, James : Production for the Graphics Designer Waston-

Gutpill Publications, New York, 1979.

7 Davis, Alec : Graphics: Design into Production. Faber & Faber,

London, 1973.

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8 Hurlburt, Allen : Publications Design. Van Norstrand-Reinhold
Co., New York, 1977

9 Maghdam, Dineh : Computers in Newspaper Publishing. Marcel-

Dekker Inc., New York1978.

10
Davis, Alec Graphics: Design into Production. Faber and
Faber. 1973
11 Sutton, Albert A. : Design & Make-up of the Newspaper.
Prentice-Hall, New York, 1948

12 Warlock, Peter : The Desk Top publishing Book.

Heineman, London, 1988.

ADDITIONAL READING

1 Bill, Lawrence : GEM Desktop Publishing. Scott,

Foresman & CO., London, 1989.

2 Strelho, Kevin : Pagemaker: Desk top publishing on the Machine.

Scott, Foreman Co., New York, 1988

3 Davis, Bront Teach yourself Photoshop Hayden Books. 1998

:

RADIO AND TELEVISION PRODUCTION

ESSENTIAL READING

1 Baddelloy, Hugh : The Techniques of Documentary film Production.

2 Tooly, Howard (ed.) : The Television Workshop. The North-Western

Press, Minneapolis, 1953.

3 Wilkie, Bernard : The Techniques of Special Effects in Television.

The Focal Press, London, 1971.

4 Wolverton, Mike : Reality on Reels: How to Make Documentaries.

Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, 1977.

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ADDITIONAL READING

1 Grieson, John : Grierson on Documentary. Collins,

London, 1946.

2 Queeney, Kathryn : Direct Broadcasting Satellites and the

United Nations. Sijthoff & Noordhoff,
Alph

3 Franklin, O. Thomas : Broadcasting the News. Pageant Press,

New York, 1952.

4 Health, Eric : Television Writer’s Handbook. Brewster

Publishers, Los Angeles, 1962.

5 Allen, Roberts & Newcomb, : The Producer’s Medium. Oxford

Horace (ed.) University Press, New York, 1985.

6 Tracey, Michael : The Production of Political Television.

Routledge & Kegan Paul, London,
1977.

7 Lynnes S. Gress & Larry W. : Electronic Movies Making. (Pepperdine

Ward University) (California State University
Fullesion) Wodsmorth Publishing Co.
Betmount, California. A Division of
Wodsworth Inc.

8 Carl Houseman : Modern Video Production- Tools,

Techniques & Applications- (The
Centre for Media in the Public Interest).

9 Ken Fielding : Introduction to Television Production

(Arizone State University) Longman
New York & London.

10 Lynee S. Gross WCB : Tele Communication- An Introduction

to Electronic Media. Wm. C. Brown
Publisher.
11 Gerald Millerson : The Techniques of Television
Production. Hasting Home.

12 Brain Philips : BBC Television Training Manuals

‘STAND BY STUDIO” – An

45
 Introduction to Studio Television.

13 Peter, Jarn : BBC Television Training Manuals-

Shooting On Location. Sr. Instructor
BBC Television.

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

ESSENTIAL READING

1 Rubin, :Machael : Non-linear: A field guide to digital video and

film editing. Triad Publishing company, 2000.

2 Doucette, Martin : Digital video for dummies. IDG Books World

Wide Inc., CA, 2001.

3 Schenk, Sonja : Digital non-linear desktop editing. Charles

River Media, 2001.

4 Adobe Creative Team : Adobe Premiere Class room in a book. 2001

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PAPER – IV: PRACTICALS

Course Objectives:
To provide practical training to the students as a continuum to the theory papers taught
during the semester.

Components:

Student Reporter (35 Marks): A weekly laboratory journal would be published by the
students covering the entire spectrum of instruction in Print Media. The work profile
would include coverage of beat area, newsgathering, writing and condensing news
reports, features and articles, editing, composition, design and circulation.

Tele News Board (15 Marks): A daily wall newspaper derived from teleprinter copy.
The work profile would include selection, editing, headline writing, placement as per
news values and layout. It would be a group assignment.

Broadcast practicals (30 marks): Introduction to equipment, video production

processes, video and audio production, Scripting, filming and producing of a
documentary as a group assignment.

Communication Theory Practicals (10 Marks): Individual presentation to the class on

a topic to be chosen in consultation with the teacher. Feedback to be collected by the
presenter from every classmate to identify the strengths and weaknesses as a source-
encoder. Each student shall demonstrate that he/she has based the presentation on the
strengths identified in the first semester practicals. Further, each student shall
demonstrate that the weaknesses identified in the first semester practicals have also been
taken care of.

Internship Report (10 Marks): The report shall comprise of the filled attendance card
signed and stamped by the organization interned at; a 1000 word report of the work done
during the internship period; and the performance grade awarded by the concerned
organization.

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