INTRODUCTION

Biometrics is the emerging technology used for identification. Biometric refers to automatic
identification of a person based on biological characters such as finger print, iris, facial recognition, etc.
In this article finger print based attendance system is proposed. Attendance in educational institutions,
industries will require more paper work and time. To reduce this, automatic attendance system using
finger print was developed. We also call it as Biometric Attendance System. We have already seen how to
used RFID Based Attendance System using AVR Microcontroller. Here, we are going to explain how to
design the biometric attendance system circuit using AVR Microcontroller.

Biometric Attendance System Circuit Principle:

The main aim of this circuit is to take the attendance and display when requested.

Finger print identification is based on the fact that no two persons will have the same finger print in this
world. This is because of the peculiar genetic code of DNA in each person. Finger print module
differentiates between two fingers based on the ridges and valleys on finger print. When the finger print
is given it stores the points where there are changes in the direction of ridges and valleys using some
algorithms. Inside the finger print module a DSP processor is present to implement and analyze the
algorithm.

Main heart of the circuit is finger print module. This sends commands to the controller when ever finger
print is matched. Microcontroller receives these commands from the finger print module and uses the
internal EEPROM to store the attendance. Keypad is used to send the requests to the controller either
enroll the new one or to save the attendance or to exit.LCD display displays the messages related to the
commands received.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Circuit Components:

AVR microcontroller development board.

Fingerprint module R305.

Keypad (4*3).

Atmega8 microcontroller

RS232 Serial cable.

DC Battery or Adaptor (12V, 1Amp).

16*2 Alpha Numeric LCD.

Single pi connecting wires.

Biometric Attendance System Circuit Design:

Here, we used an ATmega8 microcontroller which is an AVR family microcontroller. It is 8 bit

microcontroller and has 23 programmable input and output pins. It has 8 KB of flash memory, 512 bytes
of EEPROM, 1KB of SRAM.

Biometric module used here is R305 series finger print module. It supports USART communication
protocol. Here, USART protocol is used for communicating with the micro controller. USART is universal
synchronous and asynchronous receiver and transmitter. This module has four pins out 1) Transmit, 2)
Receive, 3) Vin, 4) GND. Transmit pin is connected to the receive pin of the microcontroller. Receive pin
should be connected to the transmit pin of the microcontroller. Vin is applied with a voltage of 5V and
GND is connected to ground. Data can be transmitted or received using serial communication.

Finger print processing involves two steps.1) finger enrollment and 2) finger matching. Initially, to enroll
the finger user must give his finger print twice to the module. Module checks these two images and
generates a template image and stores it. In the second step of finger matching, for 1:1 matching input
finger print is matched with the template image generated and it generates an acknowledgement. For 1:
N matching input is matched with the images in the library. It gives the matched image, a page id of the
matched image is generated.

Keypad used in this project is 4*3 keypad i.e. it has four rows and three columns. Columns of the keypad
are connected to the PORT D pins of the microcontroller. PD5 to PD7 pins are connected to the three
columns of the keypad. Rows are connected to the PORT C of the microcontroller. PC0 to PC3 pins are
connected to the rows of the keypad. To give attendance, press 1 from the keypad and to enroll press 2
from the keypad, to clear all the data press 3 from the keypad.

Liquid crystal display is used for displaying the messages. This is interfaced to PORTB of the micro
controller. LCD in 4bit mode is connected to the micro controller. D4-D7 pins are connected to the PB0-
PB3 pins of the microcontroller. RS pin is connected to the PB4, RW pin is connected to the PB5 and
Enable pin is connected to the PB6 pin.
Working of Fingerprint Based Attendance System Circuit:

Power the AVR development board.

Burn the code into the microcontroller using serial cable.

While burning the code make sure that slide switch is in programming mode.

After burning the code switch off the supply and disconnect the serial cable.

Now connect the circuit as shown in the diagram.

LCD will display Biometric Attendance System.

After sometime it will display a message 1.Attendance, 2.Save, 3.Clear.

Now press 1 from the keypad. It will take the attendance if you place your finger on the module. If your
finger is not matched it will indicate the same.

If you want to save your roll number press 2 from the keypad. It will ask you to enter the roll number and
asks you to place your finger. After saving successfully your details it displays a message saved.

To enroll again press 1 from the keypad and press 2 to exit.

If you want to clear the data press 3 from keypad and enter the password.

Working of Fingerprint Based Attendance System Circuit:

Power the AVR development board.

Burn the code into the microcontroller using serial cable.

While burning the code make sure that slide switch is in programming mode.

After burning the code switch off the supply and disconnect the serial cable.

Now connect the circuit as shown in the diagram.

LCD will display Biometric Attendance System.

After sometime it will display a message 1.Attendance, 2.Save, 3.Clear.

Now press 1 from the keypad. It will take the attendance if you place your finger on the module. If your
finger is not matched it will indicate the same.
If you want to save your roll number press 2 from the keypad. It will ask you to enter the roll number and
asks you to place your finger. After saving successfully your details it displays a message saved.

To enroll again press 1 from the keypad and press 2 to exit.

If you want to clear the data press 3 from keypad and enter the password.

Biometric Attendance System Circuit Applications:

This can be used in educational institutions.

Biometric attendance system can be used in industries.

Biometrics can be used in ATM for authentication.

Finger print authentication can be used in access control.

Limitations of the Circuit:

There is a chance of misusing the technology by placing a fake finger print.

Modules are sensitive and they need to be handled carefully.

INTRODUCTION

This fingerprint attendance system is most importantly designed for students for attendance in every
lecture and also the SMS feature is introduced to acknowledge the parents in case the student is absent.
It also help in case a person forgot to punch in.

Now a days bio metric machine is used everywhere for the attendance purpose. Sometimes people
forget to mark there attendance and also there is no database for the user that on which day he/she is
absent. So I tried to add a SMS feature in the previous machine to overcome both the issues.
List of Components

Component quantity

General purpose pcb 4

ribbon wire 12 core 2 meter

single strand wire 10 meter

2pin power supply connector 1

12-0-12 transformer(500 ma) 1

diode(in4007) 4

capacitor(1000uf,25v) 1

regulator(7805) 10

P89v51rd2 controller(8051) 1

40 pin ic base 1

10 uf capacitor(63v) 1

1 uf capacitor(63v) 5

10k resistance 2

1k resistance 2

11.0592mhz crystal 1

33pf capacitor 2

Tectile switch(large 4pin) 18

resistance sip(4.7k,9pin) 1

Max232 ic 2

db9 connector(pcb type or L type) 1 female

USB TO SERIAL CONVERTOR 1

16 pin ic base 1
20 pin ic base 2

74ls244 ic 3

fingerprint sensor(r305) 1

gsm modem(sim900) 1

Lcd 16x2 1

Berge stick 1 female

1 male

24c64 ic 8

8 pin ic base 9

ds1307 1

3.3 v battery 1

104pf capacitor 1

32.768khz crystal 1

EXTRA MATERIAL IF YOU WANT TO PURCHASE

Soldering iron 1

Soldering wire 1 roll

Striper 1

Multimeter 1

GLUE GUN 1

GLUE STICK 3

More About Project:

1) The main supply we are getting is 220v AC nearby and all the component are working on 5v DC supply
except GSM which is working on 12v DC supply.

2) So we need step down transformer of 12-0-12 v 500 mA to lower down the voltage.
3) The voltage we receive is AC so we require Rectifier Circuit to convert it to DC. The rectifier used is
Bridge Rectifier so that in case negative DC voltage is required in future then we can do that.

4) capacitor is used to remove the spikes in DC voltage.

5) 7805 regulator is used to convert 12 v DC to 5 v DC.

6) Controller section contains the crystal section which is used to provide the clock pulse to controller
and reset section is used to reset controller if it got hanged up.

7) DS1307 IC is used to provide the 1 sec clock even if the system is off to regular update the time. It has
its own crystal to provide the pulse. This IC is connected to 3.3 v battery is connected with it to make it
working.

8) 24C04 IC is used to store the data of attendance.

9) The controller has one serial port so we used latch IC 74LS244 to connect it with the serial port of
fingerprint, GSM and USB.

10) 162 LCD is used to display the time and it receive 8-bit data from the microcontroller