IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.

2, Issue 10, 2014 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Effect of Replacement of Natural Sand by M-Sand as Fine Aggregate in

Concrete
Shivang. D. Jayswal1 Prof. A. G. Hansora2 Prof. A. A. Pandya3
1
Student of M.E 2Assistant Professor 3Associate Professor
1,2,3
Department of Applied Mechanics
1,2
L.D College of Engineering Ahmedabad, India-380015 3Shantilal Shah Engineering College
Bhavnagar, India-364060
Abstract Shortage of good quality Natural sand (N-Sand)
due to depletion of resources and limitation due to
environmental consideration has made concrete
manufacturers to look for suitable alternative fine aggregate.
One such alternative is Manufactured Sand. Manufactured
sand is also known as M-Sand. M-Sand has caught the
attention of the construction industry and environmentalists
alike for its quality and the minimum damages it causes to
nature. The intense of this research is to experimentally
investigate the effect of M-Sand in structural concrete by
replacing N-Sand. It is recommended to determine and
compare the differences in properties of concrete containing
N-sand sand and M-sand.
Key words: N-Sand, M-Sand, Test On Fresh Concrete
I. INTRODUCTION
Usage of M-Sand can significantly reduce the cost since like
N-Sand, it does not contain impurities and wastages is null
since it is made with modern-technology and machinery.
Though M-Sand has been in use in concrete manufacturing
in India, the percentage of its contribution is still very
negligible in many parts of the country. Except in Kerala
and in some pockets in Southern and Western India, real
processed M-Sand is not available and this makes
manufacturing of good quality of concrete very difficult.
The application of concrete meeting the requirement is of
vital importance, to ensure construction of durable R.C.C.
structure. Hence durable concrete covers and bears the
responsibility of sustaining the entire R.C.C. structure
throughout it service life. A well processed M-Sand as
replacement to N-Sand is the need of the hour as a long term
solution in Indian concrete industry until other suitable
alternative fine aggregate are established.
Prof. B.V.Venkatrama reddy [1] used two grades of
concrete M20 & M30 were tested for their
characteristics in fresh and hardened state
conclusion of this reference is that compressive
strength of concrete with M-Sand is marginally
higher (6 to 9 %) when compare to N Sand
containing concrete. And as per IS 456 code -
specifies a minimum slump of 50 mm for medium
workability. Both grade of concrete meet this
requirement when M-Sand is used as fine aggregate
in concrete.
Quarry dust has lots of finer dust particle than sand.
Which reduce the workability of concrete. To
compensate this problem super plasticizer was
used. Combination of quarry dust and silica fume
exhibiting good performance due to efficient micro
filling ability and pozzolanic action of silica fume.
From this can conclude that 100% of sand with
quarry dust shows good strength and durability.[2]
Based on experimental investigation, it is found
that quarry dust can be used as an alternative
material to the natural river sand. The physical and
chemical properties of quarry dust satisfy the
requirements of fine aggregate. It is found that
quarry dust improves its mechanical property of
concrete if used along with super plasticizer. Usage
of quarry dust it will also reduce the cost of
concrete because it is a waste material from
quarries. Use of quarry dust in concrete will also
reduce the disposal problem.[3]
A. Advantages Of M-Sand:
M-Sand doesnt contain impurities like silt. This
sand doesnt contain any organic matter so; M-sand
is uniform material as fine aggregate.
M-sand is made from only one type of stone so the
binding strength between the particles is good.
M-sand has proper gradation of coarse & fine
aggregate so voids are filled completely. This
reduces the cement consumption.
M-Sand has constant fineness modulus of
aggregate because it has manufactured by machine
so no need of the change in concrete mix design.
M-sand can be produced in ample quantity so it is
cheaper as compare to natural sand.
M-Sand is manufactured from the wastage product
(i.e. 6mm / 12mm) material of crushers so it is not
much harmful to the nature.
II. PROJECT WORK
The materials usually used in the concrete mix are cement,
fine aggregate (M-Sand & N-Sand), coarse aggregate. In
this project we compare the compressive strength of normal
concrete has been made by N-Sand (NC) with concrete
which has made by M-Sand of concrete grade M25. Six
cube casted for both type of concrete, three cube tested after
7 days curing and another three cube tested after 28 days of
curing period. The materials used in this project for concrete
mix are
A. Cement:
Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is far the most important
type of cement. The OPC is classified into three grades
namely, 33 grade, 43 grade and 53 grade depending upon
the strength of the cement at 28 days when tested as per IS
4031-1988. Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade of
ULTRATECH cement is used in this experimental work.
Conforming weight of each cement bag was 50 kg.
Value Standard
No. Property observed value
for OPC
in

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 Effect of Replacement of Natural Sand by M-Sand as Fine Aggregate in Concrete
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 10/2014/140)

Investigation

Not exceed 10 Maximum size of aggregate (MSA) 10 mm 20mm

1 Fineness (%) 1.66
%
2 Specific Gravity 3.15 -
Specific gravity 2.71 2.85
Initial setting Water absorption 3.3 1.1
3 time In >30 min
Table 4: Basic Property Of Coarse Aggregate
(min.)
1) Admixture:
Final setting An admixture is defined as a material, other than the
4 time 290 min <600 min cement, water and aggregate, i.e. uses as an ingredient of
(min.) concrete and is added to the batch immediately before or
Compressive strength during mixing. But in this study we didnt use admixture.

1 3 days 28.58 >27 D. Concrete Mix Design:

2 7days 45.81 >37 The concrete used for the study which grad was M-25.
Concrete was designed to achieve this strength (31.6 N/mm2
3 28 days 56.21 >53 target mean strength) at 28days.
Table 1: Properties Of Cement The concrete mix design was designed by
following set up by IS 10262:2009 and IS 456:2000.The
B. Fine Aggregates: mix design was done on a trial and error basis performing
1) Natural Sand: permutations and combinations with the aggregate and
It should be passed through IS Sieve 4.75 mm. It should cement content, so as to achieve the desired target strength.
have fineness modulus 2.00-3.50 and silt contents should The targeted slump to be achieved was in the range 50
not be more than 4%. Coarse sand should be either river 100mm.admixture were not used in the concrete. Proportion
sand or pit sad; or combination of the two. In our region, of mix for NC (using natural river sand) is 1:1.45:2.86 and
fine aggregates can be found from bed of Sabarmati River. It for MC (using m-sand) is 1:1.64:2.77
confirms to IS 383-1970 which comes under Zone II. Mix proportion for 1m3
Sr.no property value
NC MC
1 Specific Gravity 2.42
420.00
2 Fineness modulus 2.75 Cement 420.00 kg/ m3
kg/ m3
3 Water Absorption 4.52 189.00
4 zone II Water 189.00 kg/ m3
kg/ m3
5 Surface texture smooth 852.10
CA- 20mm 825.1 kg/ m3
Table 2: Basic Property Of N-Sand kg/ m3
2) Manufacturing Sand: 347.30
Fine aggregate used in this research is M- sand. Fine C.A- 10mm 336.2 kg/ m3
kg/ m3
aggregates are the aggregates whose size is less than
4.75mm. 607.1
F.A sand 690.1 kg/ m3
Sr.no property value kg/ m3
1 Specific Gravity 2.61 Table 5: Mix Proportion
2 Fineness modulus 3.35
III. EXPERIMENTAL TESTS
3 Water Absorption 4.52
Both type of test were conducted as
4 zone I
Test on fresh state (slump test) &
5 Surface texture smooth Test on hardened state (compression test)
Table 3: Basic Property Of M-Sand A. Test On Fresh Concrete:
C. Coarse Aggregate: A mould for the tests specimen is in the form of the frustum
of cone having dimension i.e. bottom diameter 200mm, top
Coarse aggregate of nominal size of 20mm is chosen and
diameter 100mm and height 300mm. tamping rod-the
tests to determine the different physical properties as per IS
tamping rod was 16 mm diameter, 0.6 m long and rounded
383-1970. Test results conform to the IS 383 (PART III)
at one end. Conforming to Indian standard IS 1199-1959,
recommendations.
Section-5.
PARTICULARS C.A-I C.A-

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 Effect of Replacement of Natural Sand by M-Sand as Fine Aggregate in Concrete
B. Test On Hardened Concrete Cube Compressive Strength
Of Concrete:
A 200 ton capacity compression testing machine was used
for this test.
The compressive strength, as one of the most
important properties of hardened concrete, in general is the
characteristic material value for classification of concrete.
28 days cube compressive strength is tested on cubes of size
150mmx150mmx150mm and 28 days compressive strength
is tested.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
A. Slump Of Concrete:
The quality control parameters most often used for fresh
concrete are workability and air content. The standard slump
cone test can still be used as a quality control measure.
Type of concrete Slump in mm
NC 86
MC 77
B. Compressive Strength:
Three cube sample for both concrete NC and MC were
tested to determine the 7 days and 28 days compressive
strength using a 2000kN Compression Testing Machine.
Graph-1 show the comparison of compressive strength of
NC & MC at 7 days and Graph-2 show the comparison of
compressive strength of NC & MC at 28 days.
Graph 1: compressive strength at 7days
Graph 2: compressive strength at 28 days
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 10/2014/140)
V. CONCLUSION
From the results of experimental works it is concluded that
the M-Sand can be used as a replacement for fine aggregate.
It is found that 100 % replacement of fine aggregate by M-
Sand giving higher compressive strength as compare to the
normal concrete. The results proved that the 100 %
replacement N-Sand by M-Sand induced higher
compressive strength. M-sand has finer particles compare to
N-Sand. Due to finer particles it reduces the workability of
MC.
REFERENCES
[1] Prof. B V Venkatrama reddy Suitability of
manufactured sand (M-Sand) as fine aggregate in
mortars and concrete, csic project: cp
6597/0505/11-330, 5th July 2011
[2] V.Priyadharshini, A.Krishnamoorthi High
performance concrete using quarry dust as fine
aggregate vol-2 issue: 2, issn_no:2320-723x, jun-
2014
[3] Anita selva Sofia S.D, Gayathri.R and Swathi.G
Experimental investigation on quarry dust
concrete with chemical admixture vol-2, issue-2,
2013
[4] IS: 383-1970, Specification for Course and Fine
Aggregate from Natural Sources for Concrete,
Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi.
[5] IS: 2386 IS 2386, part-1-1963 Method of test for
aggregates for concrete-particle size & shape.
[6] IS: 2386, part-3-1963 method of test for aggregates
for concrete sp.gravity, density, voids and water
absorption
[7] IS: 10262, concrete mix proportioning guidelines.
[8] IS 516-1959 Method of test for strength of
concrete.
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