DESIGN CODE CALCULATIONS:

A) AS PER UBC CODE:

1) Dead load:
a) Panel weight = 750 kgf
b) Junction box weight = 50 kgf
c) Base frame weight = 36 kgf

Total dead load = 836 kgf

2) Live load:
Floor live load intensity = 40 psf or 200 kgf/m 2

a) Panel = 200*0.787*0.889 = 140 kgf

b) Junction box = 200*0.305*0.508 = 31 kgf

Total roof live load = 171 kgf

3) Snow load:
Ground snow intensity = 40 psf or 200 kgf/m2

a) Panel = 200*0.787*0.889 = 140 kgf

b) Junction box = 200*0.305*0.508 = 31 kgf

Total snow load = 171 kgf

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4) Wind load:

Equation for the design pressures is given by

P = Ce * Cq * I w * qs

Where,
Ce = Combined height, exposure and gust factor coefficient (from table 16-G) = 1.06

Cq = Pressure coefficient for structure (from table 16-H) = 1.4

Iw = Importance factor = 1.15 (from table 16-K)

qs = Wind stagnation pressure at the height of 33 feet (1000 mm) for 125 mph
(from table 16-F)
= 40.1 psf

P = 1.06*1.4*1.15*40.1

P = 68.43 psf = 334.15 kgf/m2

Wind-X:
a) Panel = 334.15 * 2.2 * 0.787 = 578.0 kgf

Total wind load along-X direction = 578.0 kgf

Wind-Y:

a) Panel = 334.15 *2.2 * 0.889 = 653.50 kgf

b) Junction box = 334.15 * 0.305 * 0.762 = 77.50 kgf

Total wind load along-Y direction = 731 kgf

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5. Seismic load as per UBC:

The procedure and the limitations for the design of structures shall be determined by
considering seismic zoning, site characteristics, occupancy, configuration, structural
system and height in accordance with this section. Structures shall be designed with
adequate strength to withstand the lateral displacements induced by the design basis
ground motion, considering the inelastic response of the structure and the inherent
redundancy, over strength and ductility of the lateral force resisting system.

Site specifications:

Seismic zone factor: 4

Seismic Importance factor, I = 1.25
Seismic Importance factor, IP = 1.5
Seismic source type: B
Near source factor, Na = 1.3
Near source factor, NV = 1.6
Soil profile type: Sc

The total design base shear in a given direction is given by

CV * I
V= *W
R*T
Where,
I = Importance factor = 1.25 [Table 16 -K]
R = Numerical coefficient = 2.9 [Table 16 - P]
W = Total seismic dead load, in kgf
CV = Seismic coefficient [for z=0.4 & Sc] = 0.56 * NV = 0.56 * 1.6
= 0.896 [Table 16-R]

T = Elastic fundamental period of vibration is given by

T = Ct * (hn)3/4
Where,
Ct = 0.035 for steel moment resisting frames.
hn = Height of the structure = 7.22 ft [2.2m]

T = 0.035 * (7.22)3/4
T = 0.154 seconds

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 0.896 * 1.25
V= * W = 2.507 * W
2.9 * 0.154

The total design base shear need not exceed the following:

2.5 * Ca * I
V= *W
R
Where,
Z = Seismic zone factor = 0.4 [Table 16 - I]
W = Total dead load + 25% total roof live Load
= 836 + 0.25 *(171) = 878.75 kgf
Ca = Seismic coefficient for [for z=0.4 & Sc] = 0.4*Na [Table 16 Q]
Near source factor, Na = 1.3
For soil profile type Sc

2.5 * 0.4* 1.3 * 1.25

Eh or V = *W = 0.560*W
2.9

The total design base shear need not be less than the following:

V = 0.11 * Ca * I * W

Where,
Ca = Seismic coefficient for [for z=0.4 & Sc] = 0.4*Na [Table 16 Q]
Near source factor, Na = 1.3
I = Importance factor = 1.25 [Table 16 -K]
W = Total seismic dead load, in kgf

V = 0.11 * 0.4 *1.3 * 1.25 * W = 0.0715* W

In addition, for Seismic Zone-4, the total base shear shall also not be less than the
following:

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 0 .8 Z N V I
V= W
R

Where,

Z = Seismic zone factor = 0.4 [Table 16 - I]

NV = Near source factor = 1.6

I = Importance factor = 1.25 [Table 16 -K]

W = Total seismic dead load, in kgf

R = Numerical coefficient = 2.9 [Table 16 - P]

0.8 0.4 1.6 1.25

V= W
2.9

V = 0.2207*W

CV * I 2.5 C a I 0 .8 Z N V I
V= *W W W
R *T R R

0.11 * Ca * I * W

Therefore, taking the value of Eh or V for computing seismic force

Earthquake or seismic load, E = * Eh + Ev

Where,

E = The estimated earthquake load that can be developed in the structure

= Reliability/Redundancy Factor = 1.0

Eh = the earthquake load due to base shear, V or the design lateral force, Fp
= 0.560*W = 0.56 * 878.75 = 492.1 kgf
Ev = the load effect resulting from the vertical component of earthquake ground
motion & is given by

Ev = 0.5 * Ca * I * D
Where,
I = Importance factor = 1.25 [Table 16 -K]
D = Total dead load = 836 kgf

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 Ca = Seismic coefficient for [Z = 0.4] = 0.4*Na [Table 16 Q]
Na = 1.3, near source factor,
For soil profile type Sc

Ev = 0.5 * 0.4 * 1.3 * 1.25 * 836

Ev = 271.7 kgf

And design lateral force, Fp = Z * Ip * Cp * Wp

Where,
Ip = Seismic importance factor = 1.5 [Table 16 K]
Cp = Coefficient for element or component = 0.75 [Table 16 O]
Wp = 836 kgf, Weight of an equipment
Z = seismic zone factor = 0.4 [Table 16 I]

Fp = 0.4* 1.5 * 0.75 * 836 = 376.2 Kgf

Compared to Eh or V and Fp,

Eh or V > Fp

Seismic load along - X, Y and Z directions

E = Eh + Ev

= 1.0 * 492.1 + 271.7

= 764.0 kgf

B) IBC/ASCE-7-98 CODES:

1) Dead load:

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 a) Panel weight = 750 kgf
b) Junction box weight = 50 kgf
c) Base frame weight = 36 kgf

Total dead load = 836 kgf

2) Live load:
Floor live load intensity = 40 psf or 200 kgf/m 2

a) Panel = 200*0.787*0.889 = 140 kgf

b) Junction box = 200*0.305*0.508 = 31 kgf

Total roof live load = 171 kgf

3) Snow load:
Ground snow intensity = 40 psf or 200 kgf/m2

Snow loads as per ASCE-7-98:

Equation for the snow loads is given by

Pf = 0.7 * C e * C t * I * Pg

Where,

Ce = Exposure factor = 0.9 (Table 7-2)

Ct = thermal factor = 1 (Table 7-3)

I = Importance factor = 1.2 (Table 7-4)

Pg = Ground snow load = 40 psf (Given)

pf = 0.7 * 0.9 * 1 * 1.2 * 40

pf = 30.24 psf = 144.85 kgf/m2

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 a) Panel = 144.85*0.787*0.889 = 101.5 kgf
b) Junction box = 144.85*0.305*0.508 = 22.5 kgf

Total snow load = 124.0 kgf

4) Wind load:

Velocity Pressures:

The velocity pressures are computed using the following equation:

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qz = 0.613 * K z * K zt * K d * V * I

Given: Use exposure C.

Where,

Kz = Velocity pressure exposure co-efficient (obtained from Table 6-5) = 0.85

Kzt = Topographic factor = 1

Kd = Wind directionality factor (obtained from Table 6-6) = 0.85

V = Basic wind speed = 140 mph = 61.6 m/s

I = Importance factor = 1.15 (given)

qz = 0.613 * 0.85 * 1 * 0.85 * 61.6 2 * 1.15

qz = 1932.67 Pa = 197 kgf/m2

ASCE alternate design Wind loads:

Equation for the design wind load for open building and other structures is given by

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 F = qz * G * C f * Af

Where,

qz = Velocity pressure = 197 kgf/m2

G = gust effect factor for rigid building and structure = 0.85

Cf = net force coefficients (table 6-11) = 1.2

Design wind pressure, P = 197 * 0.85 * 1.2 = 200.94 kgf/m2

Wind-X:
b) Panel = 200.94 * 2.2 * 0.787 = 348.0 kgf

Total wind load along-X direction = 348.0 kgf

Wind-Y:

c) Panel = 200.94 *2.2 * 0.889 = 393.0 kgf

d) Junction box = 200.94 * 0.305 * 0.762 = 48.0 kgf

Total wind load along-Y direction = 441 kgf

5. Seismic load:
Given,
Mapped spectral response accelerations for short period, SS=2.25
Mapped spectral response accelerations for a 1-sec period, S1=1.8

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Site classification, D

Site coefficients

Maximum considered earthquake spectral response acceleration for short period,

SMS= Fa* SS
= 1 * 2.25 = 2.25 (Fa from table 1615.1.2(1))
Maximum considered earthquake spectral response acceleration at 1-sec period,
SM1= Fv* S1
= 1.5 * 1.8 = 2.7 (Fa from table 1615.1.2(2))

Design spectral response acceleration parameters

5% damped design spectral response acceleration at short period,

2
SDS = *S MS
3
2
= * 2.25 = 1.5
3
5% damped design spectral response acceleration at 1-sec period,

2
SD1 = *S M1
3
2
= * 2.7 = 1.8
3
Design spectral response acceleration (Sa)
1) For periods less than or equal to TO
SD
S a = 0 .6 * * T 0.4 * S DS
TO
2) For periods greater than or equal to TO
Sa =SDS
3) For periods greater than TS
S D1
Sa =
T
S D1
TO = 0.2*
S DS

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 1.8
=0.2* = 0.24
1.5
S D1
TS =
S DS
1.8
= = 1.2
1.5
From section 9.5.3.3
Ta = CT*(Hn)3/4
= 0.035* (7.2)3/4
= 0.154
T = CU * Ta
= 1.2 * 0.154
= 0.185
Therefore we choose the first case
SD
S a = 0 .6 * * T 0.4 * S DS
TO
1.5
= 0.6 * * 0.185 0.4 * 1.5
0.24
= 1.29

Design base shear, Vb = [SDS/(R/I)] * W [Ref. 2]

R = 2.5, the response modification factor [Table-9.5.2.2]

I = 1.5, occupancy importance factor [Table-9.1.4]
W = 878.75 Kgf, the effective seismic weight of the structure, including the total
Dead and other loads [Dead + 25% of floor live load]

Design base shear, Vb = [1.5g/(2.5/1.5)] * W

Vb = 0.9 * W = 0.9 * 878.75 = 791 kgf

Earthquake or seismic load, E = * Vb +0.2 SDS * D [Ref. 2]

Where,

= redundancy/reliability factor = 1

SDS = design spectral response acceleration = 1.5

Vb = The earthquake load due to base shear, V or the design lateral force, Fp

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 D = effect of dead load = 836 kgf

E = 1 *791 +0.2 * 1.5* 836

= 1042 kgf

And design lateral force [max], Fp = 1.6 * SDS * IP * WP [Ref. 2]

Fp = 1.6 * 1.5 * 1.0 * 836 = 2006.4 Kgf

And design lateral force [min], Fp = 0.3 * SDS * IP * WP [Ref. 2]

Fp = 0.3 * 1.5 * 1.0 * 836 = 376.2 Kgf

BASIC DESIGN EQUATION USED IN IBC 2000:

0.4 * ap * SDs * Wp
Fp 1 2 * z h
R I
p p

Where,
Fp = horizontal design seismic load
ap = component amplification factor = 1.0
SDS = design spectral response at short periods as previously done = 1.5
Rp = component response modification factor = 3.5
Ip = component importance factor = 1.0
Wp = Component operating weight = 836 kgf
z = component elevation above grade in the building = 2200 mm
h = average roof height of the structure above grade = 2073.86 mm

0.4 * 1.0 * 1.5 * 836

Fp 1 2 * 2200 2073.86
3.5 1.0
= 447.376 kgf

Earthquake or seismic load, E = * Fp +0.2 SDS * D [Ref. 2]

Where,

= redundancy/reliability factor = 1

SDS = design spectral response acceleration = 1.5

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 Vb = The earthquake load due to base shear, V or the design lateral force, Fp

D = effect of dead load = 836 kgf

E = 1 *447.376 +0.2 * 1.5* 836

= 698.176 kgf

And design lateral force [max], Fp = 1.6 * SDS * IP * WP [Ref. 2]

Fp = 1.6 * 1.5 * 1.0 * 836 = 2006.4 Kgf

And design lateral force [min], Fp = 0.3 * SDS * IP * WP [Ref. 2]

Fp = 0.3 * 1.5 * 1.0 * 836 = 376.2 Kgf

Higher vales are considered in analysis

Seismic load along - X, Y and Z directions

E = 1 *791 +0.2 * 1.5* 836

= 1042 kgf

C. AS PER BOCA/SBC:

1) Dead load:
a) Panel weight = 750 kgf

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 b) Junction box weight = 50 kgf
c) Base frame weight = 36 kgf

Total dead load = 836 kgf

2) Live load:
Floor live load intensity = 40 psf or 200 kgf/m 2

a) Panel = 200*0.787*0.889 = 140 kgf

b) Junction box = 200*0.305*0.508 = 31 kgf

Total roof live load = 171 kgf

3) Snow load:
Ground snow intensity = 40 psf or 200 kgf/m2

Snow loads as per ASCE-7-98:

Equation for the snow loads is given by

Pf = 0.7 * C e * C t * I * Pg

Where,

Ce = Exposure factor = 0.9 (Table 7-2)

Ct = thermal factor = 1 (Table 7-3)

I = Importance factor = 1.2 (Table 7-4)

Pg = Ground snow load = 40 psf (Given)

pf = 0.7 * 0.9 * 1 * 1.2 * 40

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pf = 30.24 psf = 144.85 kgf/m2

a) Panel = 144.85*0.787*0.889 = 101.5 kgf

b) Junction box = 144.85*0.305*0.508 = 22.5 kgf

Total snow load = 124.0 kgf

4. Wind load:

Wind calculations as per BOCA:

Equation for the design pressures is given by

P = Pv * K z * I * G H * C F

Where,

Pv = Design wind speed (from table 1611.7(3)) = 120 mph = 36.9 psf

Kz = Exposure coefficient (exposure at D) = 1.31

I = Importance factor (from table 1611.5) = 1.10

GH = Gust response factor (exposure at D) = 1.13

Cf = Force coefficient (from table 1611(4)) = 0.74

p = 36.9*1.31*1.10*1.13*0.74

p = 44.46 psf = 217.10 kgf/m2

Wind-X:

a) Panel = 217.10 * 2.2 * 0.787 = 376.0 kgf

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Total wind load along-X direction = 376.0 kgf

Wind-Y:

b) Panel = 217.10 *2.2 * 0.889 = 424.5 kgf

c) Junction box = 217.10 * 0.305 * 0.762 = 50.5 kgf

Total wind load along-Y direction = 475 kgf

5. Seismic load:

Design seismic force (Fp):

For mechanical, electrical components and their attachments,
Fp Av * C c * P * ac * Wc

Av - effective peak velocity related acceleration (0.05 Av 0.4) = 0.4

For seismic hazardous group III
Cc seismic coefficient = 2
P Performance criteria factor (0.5-1.5) = 1.5
ac attachment amplification factor (1.0-2.0) = 1 (for fixed or direct connection)
Wc = weight of component = 750 + 50 + 36 = 836 kgf

Fp 0.4 * 2 * 1.5 * 1 * 836

= 1003.2 kgf

E or Fp = 1003.2 kgf

D) As per Greek Code EAK-2000:

1) Dead load:
a) Panel weight = 750 kgf

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 b) Junction box weight = 50 kgf
c) Base frame weight = 36 kgf

Total dead load = 836 kgf

2) Live load:
Floor live load intensity = 40 psf or 200 kgf/m 2

a) Panel = 200*0.787*0.889 = 140 kgf

b) Junction box = 200*0.305*0.508 = 31 kgf

Total roof live load = 171 kgf

3) Snow load:
Ground snow intensity = 40 psf or 200 kgf/m2

a) Panel = 200*0.787*0.889 = 140 kgf

b) Junction box = 200*0.305*0.508 = 31 kgf

Total snow load = 171 kgf

4) Wind load:

Equation for the design pressures is given by

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 P = Ce * Cq * I w * qs

Where,
Ce = Combined height, exposure and gust factor coefficient (from table 16-G) = 1.06

Cq = Pressure coefficient for structure (from table 16-H) = 1.4

Iw = Importance factor = 1.15 (from table 16-K)

qs = Wind stagnation pressure at the height of 33 feet (1000 mm) for 125 mph
(from table 16-F)
= 40.1 psf

P = 1.06*1.4*1.15*40.1

P = 68.43 psf = 334.15 kgf/m2

Wind-X:
c) Panel = 334.15 * 2.2 * 0.787 = 578.0 kgf

Total wind load along-X direction = 578.0 kgf

Wind-Y:

e) Panel = 334.15 *2.2 * 0.889 = 653.50 kgf

f) Junction box = 334.15 * 0.305 * 0.762 = 77.50 kgf

Total wind load along-Y direction = 731 kgf

5. Seismic load:

1) Seismic zone : II , = 0.16

2) Peak ground acceleration ; A = 0.24g

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 3) Category of importance ; S4
4) Importance factor;1 = 1.3
5) Initial damping ratio ;= 0.02
6) Soil type : C
7) Foundation factor ; = 1.0
8) Spectral amplification factor; o = 2.5
9) Seismic behavior factor; q = 1.5

Characteristic periods of spectrum:

A B C D

T1 in sec 0.1 0.15 0.20 0.20

T2 in sec 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2

7
Damping modification factor; = 2

7
= 2 0.02

= 1.86 0.7

Time period of the structure; T = 9.0457E-03 (by analysis)

For, 0 T < T1

Design spectral acceleration for horizontal component, d is given by

d (T) = 1. A [1+T/T1 (..o/q - 1)]

= 1.3 * 0.24 g [1+9.045E-03/0.2 (1.86 * 1 * 2.5 / 1.5 - 1)]

= 0.3416 g

Seismic base shear, Vb or Eh = 0.3416 * 836 = 285.57 kgf

For vertical component d v,

- instead of A, Av is used, Av = 0.7*A = 0.168 g
- instead of q, qv is used, qv = 0.5*q 1.0 = 1.0
- is always taken as 1

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 d v(T)= 1. Av [1+T/T1 (..o/qv - 1)]

= 1.3 *0.7* 0.24 g [1+9.045E-03/0.2 (1.86 * 1 * 2.5 / 1.0 - 1)]

= 0.254 g

Vertical component, Ev = 0.254 * 836 = 212.34 kgf

It is a requirement for all cases that:

d(T)/A1 0.25
d(T)/A1 = 2.066 0.25

Seismic load along - X, Y and Z directions, E = *Eh + Ev

= 1.0 * 285.57 + 212.34

= 498 kgf

When T is not calculated, then

d (T) = 1. A * (..o/q )

= 1.3 * 0.24 g *(1.86 * 1 * 2.5 / 1.5)

= 0.967 g

Seismic base shear, Vb or Eh = 0.967 * 836 = 808.57 kgf

Vertical component = 0.7 * 0.967 * 836 = 566.0 kgf

Seismic load along - X, Y and Z direction, E = *Eh + Ev

= 1.0 * 808.57 + 566.0

= 1374.50 kgf

Higher values are considered in analysis.

****** E I G E N V A L U E A N A L Y S I S ******

MODE ****** FREQUENCY ****** PERIOD TOLERANCE

NUMBER (RAD/SEC) (CYCLES/SEC) (SEC)
0 1 2.383653E+02 3.793702E+01 2.635948E-02 1.301189E-11

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0 2 2.642692E+02 4.205974E+01 2.377570E-02 2.926596E-10
0 3 2.711650E+02 4.315725E+01 2.317108E-02 2.259951E-09
0 4 2.952501E+02 4.699051E+01 2.128089E-02 9.554580E-10
0 5 3.345001E+02 5.323734E+01 1.878381E-02 1.960678E-07

21