STRUCTURAL SURVEYS
INTRODUCTION
Certain problems occur time and report writing. Subsequent articles
‘again in existing buldings. They may will describe the identification,
be caused by the building's age, ts probable cause and repair of certain
type of constriction, misuse and commonplace structural defects in
substandard alterations or basic popular types oflowsris buildings
esign faults. The architect must be dating from Goorgian times tothe
able to diagnose such structural present. Industrialised building
distress during a rehabilitation ‘systems, framed buldings and
contractor when undertaking a full prefabricated reinforced concrete
Structural survey and recommend houses such a Arey (AJ 28.485,
necessary repairs, 175) have been excluded to.
‘Because the problems often the cancentrate on oadbearing masonry,
result of «combination of factors its timber and eoncrete construction.
diagnosis Is argely empirical. Low-ise is taken to mean buildings
‘The risk inherent in carrying out generally less than five storeys high,
structural surveys are wellknown, including basements. The structure s
and place an onerous responsibility considered tobe only those elements
‘onthe professional offering such a wich support the building, rather
Service, This serles aims to Tike the Bones ofa human being. So
‘guide the architect inthis vital, yet non-structural nonoadbearng)
‘complex fil. items such a wal inishes, some
‘The introductory article sets adding systems and roof coverings
suidelins for survey technique and have been excluded.
M2665 1 Structural surveys: technique and
report writing
2 General issues: problems eommon to more
than one period of construction
8 The industrial revolution: problems found
chiefly in buidings of 1750-1850
WATTS 4 The building revolution: problems found
chiefly in buidings of 1850-1839
2785 5 The post-war building boom: problems
‘comman to buildings constructed since 1945,1 ean mann tet
peered
‘Hal he aking sores
Setianicduenoay
‘Seat nares oane
a
STRUCTURAL SURVEYS
1 TECHNIQUE AND REPORT
WRITING
fan architect is to fulfil his
responsibilities when
undertaking survey or
investigative work, he requires a
highly methodical approach and
specialist knowledge. Inthe first
etree wl at soe tg Bd
tbemeer lw mee nls castor
‘Salien fs prtar ling The chest
‘Bay havea et purcae strep
{etinethr esl ent tokow wat
reps shot made uit
‘ince eed pele
‘Siodesis writen fom the empantof
SS ates
SEiGe eciates,,
ett so nea Pra
SEITE sae
ae ie ear
cence en
Sreiotesenraae
Secret
Secale
Seema tere
enn tte
SS care
oceans
SSiceegeec ne
big revel at he aig Sur hat
Eaten
Sours ane
Dating he otra lara
Sicha omer
Seneca
ieee gn
Sacco See
Saco
Etaretone
ete agproneh
‘stove wien coming the
irgturd quale of balan eek att
fnths etext of the comple role
Sessshch fener
some, Oe
1iZ4
re
strat
em ne
Ee
ween).‘butterfly’ roofs
Sopeseuaen
Fs ‘brick arches
Snacking intel
siterip
oer
a
me
‘Meta tet othe rates oat, Thi
‘net on fuel in enter, cota
ibrgier baer rece otoh
{thane eral thr tn the fers
Jeanna walle the wal
‘end eel opr nary Ynrsbecseo
sl ofututeid ender con sre
from Techie et atcccain”
‘era ater ce nae te
{ites are alanced obese
pany al
Cue
Sateen traction
ote ee aw
Eerie
ee tnecae io teestgatraapey
Temata
Saas
SEyenaescone,
Sogcoterawc a
ieee
Sorc tee Ba ae
Sel seer anes
Saher
SR nhermatne
wala 7am
PI dings ects inte fcing
Eitiveriaioetic chlo
inthe cnet war thearch
cuore These rip thal he
ataling. Lowe rls ad
Secret te ae
Inherent
Ehostentsees 37 |
‘Frenne inter tckng nel te
‘Retorotandsataned bag over tne
ears, rowing read onthe,
csr ander cure eccareh,Te arch
‘heel boule wen ian ages
(ewar- Aten the pa
{heer comprestes dsp
“lowing te suport
{Devan dep
on
Saeoeeoe
eeiescheoh
arch in 148 on ber centering
Silene
ject
Eeescciee
Seccerecccas
(agune te tor andere Fly
‘Segap wth ofthe rh eda
‘Scot ey mi mortar a ees,
op
Sse
pay
oe
Sega,
er
mnt
| &
|
a; lmproperty formed,
partitions
ctr inte pron
trong sn
ec
merveyingbudngsta have been
vetedlte hifi face
‘entered eng doors ough
ier sod partons okcarefl tbe
‘ew sooaton a opengs owe
‘Sete datore ou clare sngring
‘eos ga the ttn andere
‘Pinte partion ith be par wai
Soapstone ie
Se er ae
cenorememerneat,
pooeetemrcas
igsteoeenaseet
‘Eeryel edi wilsagormay een
Se eeeseme
‘may Sethe longterm setiement of he
Bae
Gare
‘Prop phe parton, mov the dar and
ep aged patio mers.
Seperate
= ent has bcn Ec cua lect
orion ogra fee ve
‘tha barge wired now
hfe ny et tna 8 per cet ie
rateingn A. _crighaearn,
=
Be iiscoes
Sara
mnaeee—
‘iting nara on tbe part a
‘Tepes ae mont sen insipe at
EeecbeiCceganan Veracrre
‘tovenent ef tela aarp ere
‘tl pat een tracings
eye Sock shoptrnt may como
Slender ibe ort wen pons an ner
be cesar
Eecfrontieterte ths dota
ermal takes ple sv over may
Owe
‘tiinage as noc ee ogre ct
avert intelong erate alts
Eoin ae pote
‘Sogo sel tengo tenngr
fietinthe shotons is lb cat
‘pare mal jonas, tou every 12
‘hn th ot ae wall
Siefand a0 3 mnie bonded
igpomented) sant os arms
[Bejpotea #50 mimcetre vera
‘hese provie the ecm
er for teal etic ta ae no
ISgerslfened ty rear Cc the
ition betwen he prt walled
‘eral alae bonded Gar above Some
Jone be scared hy neste pe
ie
=
‘year lnd oar apaite eats
that revere reeea woul
Sega the ppes bee
fo on OF
| fe nian| oy |
BRE Fes)
-e “Eas |
creer
ao |
faa, TE.
ae “ Otzzege|Ubon
‘er iat bor most a
Bolted ple atthe utes al
Sr aoen bsg caiapen the i.
(Sted odometer
‘ert ede nla rece
"Po ara cf wal cies opr