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2015-2016
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS-I
COURSE FILE
(Subject Code: A40115)
II Year B.TECH. (CIVIL ENGINEERING) II Semester
Unit
Sl.No Topic
No
INFLUENCE LINES: Definition of influence line for SF, Influence line for
BM- load position for maximum SF at a section- Load position for maximum
BM at a section single point load, U.D.load longer than the span, U.D.load
shorter than the span- Influence lines for forces in members of Pratt and Warren
trusses.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Analysis of Structures-Vol I & Vol II by V.N. Vazirani & M.M.Ratwani, Khanna Publications, New Delhi.
2. Analysis of Structures by T.S. Thandavamoorthy, Oxford University Press, New Delhi
3. Structural Analysis by S S Bhavikatti Vikas Publishing House.
REFERENCES:
Websites:-
1. http://jntuhupdates.net/jntuh-b-tech-2-2-semester-r13-syllabus-book/
2. NPTEL Resources
Journals:-
7. Course objectives
Students who successfully complete this course will have demonstrated ability to:
Course Objectives:
1. Ability to apply knowledge of mathematics and engineering in calculating slope, deflection, bending
moment and shear force using various methods of approach.
2. Ability to identify, formulate and solve problems in structural analysis. Ability to analyse structural system
and interpret ate data.
3. Ability to use the techniques, skills to formulate and solve engineering problem. Ability to communicate
effectively in design of structural elements.
4. Ability to engage in life-long learning with the advances in structural problems.
7. Course Outcomes
1. Understands what different types of displacement methods are.
2. Understands how to solve different deflection related problems in beams, arches, cables.
3. Understands how to control the deflections and displacements under different loading conditions.
4. Understands the concept of influence lines.
5. Understands how to predict different mitigation problems by drawing shear force and bending moments.
9. Instructional learning
A mixture of lectures, tutorial exercises, and case studies are used to deliver the various topics. Some of these
topics are covered in a problem-based format to enhance learning objectives. Others will be covered through
directed study in order to enhance the students ability of learning to learn. Some case studies are used to
integrate these topics and thereby demonstrate to students how the various techniques are inter-related and how
they can be applied to real problems in an industry.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Program A X X X X X X X X
Educational B X X X X X X X X X
Objectives
(PEO) C X X X X X X X
D X X X X X X X
E X X X X X X
F X X
Section- II A and II B
Period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
CH
Monday S.A
Tuesday S.A
Wednesday SA
Thursday SA
Friday
Saturday
Unit Total
Topic Reg/additional Lcd/ohp/bb Remark
no periods Date
GUIDELINES:
Distribution of periods:
No. of classes required to cover JNTUH syllabus : 80
No. of classes required to cover Additional topics : Nil
No. of classes required to cover Assignment tests (for every 2 units 1 test) : 4
No. of classes required to cover tutorials : 2
No. of classes required to cover Mid tests : 2
No of classes required to solve University Question papers : 2
-------
Total periods 80
14.Detailed Notes
Unit-1
ANALYSIS OF PIN-JOINTED PLANE FRAMES
Example:
Hence for a perfect frame, the number of joints and number of members are given by,
n = 2j 3
Where, n = Number of members, and
j = Number of joints.
Imperfect frame: A frame in which number of members and number of joints are not given by,
n = 2j 3 is known, an imperfect frame. This means that number of members in an imperfect frame will be either more
or less than (2j 3).
(i) If the number of members in a frame are less than (2j 3), then the frame is known as
deficient frame.
(ii) If the number of members in a frame are more than (2j 3), then the frame is known as
redundant frame.
2. Find the forces in the members AB, AC and BC of the truss as shown in the below figure?
Ans:
Now let us consider the equilibrium of the various joints. Joint B:
Joint C:
3. A truss of span 7.5m carries a point load of 1 KN at joint D as shown in the below figure. Find the
reactions and forces in the members of the truss?
Ans: Moments about A,
&
Joint D:
Let the direction of F3 is assumed as shown in the below figure.
4. Determine the forces in the truss shown in the below figure. Which is subjected to inclined loads?
Ans:
Joint A:
Joint C:
Joint E:
Joint F:
Joint B:
Joint G:
MEMBER FORCE IN THE MEMBER NATURE OF FORCE
5. Find the forces in the members AB and AC of the truss as shown in the below figure
using method of section?
Ans:
6. A truss of span 9m is loaded as shown in the below figure. Find the reactions and foreces
in the members marked 1, 2 and 3.
Ans:
Now draw a section line (1-1), cutting the members 1, 2 and 3 in which forces are to be
determined.
Consider the equilibrium of the left part of the truss because it is smaller than the right part.
Moments about D:
Moments about G:
Moments about C:
SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD
Example: Analyze the propped cantilever shown by using slope defection method. Then draw
Bending moment and shear force diagram.
Assume both ends are fixed and therefore fixed end moments are
wL 2EI (1)
B
12 L
M F
2EI
2
BA BA
B A
L
4EI (2)
wL 2
B
12 L
In the above equations there is only one unknownB . To solve we
have boundary condition at B;
ie. MBA=0.
wL2 4EI 0
From equation (2) M
BA B
12 L
3
2
48 8
3
wL
M 4L wL
0
BA
12
48
MBA has to be zero, because it is hinged.
Now consider the free body diagram of the beam and find reactions using equations of
equilibrium.
MB 0
RA L MAB wL L
2 2
L 5
wL wL wL
8 2 8
5
wL
RA
8
V0
RA RB wL
RB wL RA wL 5 wL
3 8
wL
8
Problem can be treated as
3 wL wX 0
S X
8
3
X L
8
Hence the max BM occurs at 3 support B
L from
8
2
Mmax MX 3 wL 3 L w 3
L
8 8
2 8
9 wL2
128
And point of contra flexure occurs where BM=0, Consider BM equation at a distance of
x from right support.
3 X
M wLX w 02
X
8 2
3
X L
4
S X 0 SB 3 wL
8
S X L SA 5
wL
8
Example: Analyze two span continuous beam ABC by slope deflection method. Then draw
Bending moment & Shear force diagram. Take EI constant
2
Wa b 100 4 88.89KNM
F
BA
L2 62
wL2 2
20 5
41.67KNM
12 12
FBC
wL2 20 52
FCB
12 41.67KNM
12
Since A is fixed A 0 , B 0, C 0,
2
2EI
BA BA B A
L
2EI 2B
88.89
6
2
88.89 EI
(2)
B
3
M F
2EI
2
BC BC B C
L
41.67
2EI
2
B C
5
4 2
41.67 EI EI (3)
B C
5 5
MCB B
FCB
2EI
2
C
L
41.67
2EI
2 B
C
5
4EI 2
41.67 EI (4)
C B
5 5
In all the above four equations there are only two unknown
B and C . And
accordingly the boundary conditions are
i -MBA-MBC=0
MBA+MBC=0
ii MCB=0 since C is end simply support.
2 4 2
88.89 EI 41.67 EI EI
Now M M
BA BC
B B C
3 5 5
22 2 (5)
47.22 EI EI 0
B C
15 5
2 4 (6)
M 41.67 EI EI 0
CB B C
5 5
Solving simultaneous equations 5 & 6 we get
M
CB
= + 41.67+
2
20.83 4
41.67 0
5 5
RB = 70.60 KN
V = 0 RA+RB = 100KN
RA = 100-70.60=29.40 KN
5
Span BC: MC = 0 RB5 = 205
2 R
B= 65 KN +75
6
Span BC:Max BM in span BC occurs where shear force is zero or changes its sign.
Hence consider SF equation w.r.t C
Sx = 35-20x = 0 x 35 =1.75m
Max BM occurs at 1.75m from C 20
2
1.75
Mmax = 35 1.75 20 = 30.625 KNM
2
Example: Analyze continuous beam ABCD by slope deflection method and then draw bending
moment diagram. Take EI constant.
Solution:
A 0, B 0, C 0
FCD 20 1.5 - 30 KN M
AB AB A B B
L 3
F 2 88.89 2 EI - - - - - - - -- 2
M 2EI
BA BA B A B
L 3
M F 2EI 2 41.67 4 EI
2
EI - - - - - - - - 3
BC BC B C B C
L 5 5
M F 2EI 2 41.67 EI
4 2
EI - - - - - - - - 4
CB CB C B C B
L 5 5
MCD 30 KNM
In the above equations we have two unknown rotations the B and C , accordingly
MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0
Now, M M 2
88.89 EI
4
41.67 EI
2
EI
BA BC
B B C
3 5 5
47.22
22
EI
2
EI 0 - - - - - - - - 5
B C
15 5
And, M M 4
41.67 EI
2
EI 30
CB CD
C B
5 5
2 4
11.67 EI EI 6
B C
5 5
MAB 44.44
1
32.67 61.00 KNM
2
M 88.89 2
32.67 67.11
KNM
BA
3 KNM
M 41.67
4
32.67 1.75 67.11
2
BC
5 5
M 41.67
4
1.75 2 32.67 30.00 KNM
CB
5 5
MCD 30
KNM
Reactions: Consider free body diagram of beam AB, BC and CD as shown
Span AB
RB 6 100 4 67.11 61
RB 67.69 KN
RA 100 RB 32.31 KN
Span BC
5
R 5 20 5 30 67.11
C
2
RC 42.58 KN
RB 20 5 RB 57.42 KN
S X 42.58 20x 0
42.58
x 2.13 m
20
2
2
Example: Analyse the continuous beam ABCD shown in figure by slope deflection method. The
support B sinks by 15mm.
Solution:
FEMs: 2
Wab
L2 44.44 KNM
FAB
FBA
2
88.89 KNM
Wa b
L2
2
62 6 KNM
1000
For span BC:
mbc
mcb 6EI
L2
6 200 15
10 5 120 10 6
52 8.64KNM
1000
Slope deflection equation
3 B
1
50.44 EI - - - - - - - -- 1
3 B
6EI
M F 2EI (2 )
BA BA B A
L L2
2
88.89 EI 6
3 B
2
82.89 EI - - - - - - - -- 2
3
B
6EI
M F 2EI (2 )
BC BC B C
L L2
- 41.67 EI2
2 8.64
B C
5
4 2
33.03 EI EI - - - - - - - -- 3
B C
5 5
MCB FCB 2EI (2 B 6EI
)
C
L L2
41.67 EI2
2 B 8.64
C
5
4 2
50.31 EI EI - - - - - - - -- 4
- - - - - - - -- 5
C B
5 5
MCD 30 KNM
There are only two unknown rotations B and C . Accordingly the boundary
conditions are
MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0
82.89
2
31.35 61.99
MBA
3
KNM
M 33.03
4
31.35 2 9.71 61.99 KNM
BC
5 5
M 50.31
4
9.71 2 31.35 30.00 KNM
CB
5 5
MCD 30
KNM
Consider the free body diagram of continuous beam for finding reactions
Reactions:
Span AB:
RB 6 = 100 x 4 + 61.99 60.89
RB = 66.85
RA = 100 RB
=33.15 KN
Span BC:
RB 5 = 20 x 5 x
5
+ 61.99 30
2
RB = 56.40 KN RC =
20 x 5 - RB
=43.60 KN
Example: Three span continuous beam ABCD is fixed at A and continuous over B, C and D. The
beam subjected to loads as shown. Analyse the beam by slope deflection method and draw
bending moment and shear force diagram.
Solution:
FEMs:
Wl 60 4
F
- 30 KNM
AB
8 8
Wl 60 4 30 KNM
F
BA
8 8
F wl2 2
10 4 -13.3 3 KNM
CD
12 12
13.33 KNM
wl2 10 4
2
F
DC
12 12
2EI
L 2 A B
MAB FAB
- 30
2EI
0
B
4
- 30 0.5EIB - - - - - - - - 1
30
2EI
2 0
B
4
30 EIB - - - - - - - -- 2
MBC FBC 2EI 2
B C
L
12.5
2EI
2 C
B
4
12.5 EIB 0.5EIC - - - - - - - -- 3
2EI
MCB FCB 2 C B
L
12.5
2EI
2 B
C
4
12.5 EIC 0.5 EIB - - - - - - - -- 4
2EI
MCD FCD 2 C D
L
- 13.33
2EI
2 D
C
4
13.33 EI C 0.5EI D - - - - - - - - - - 5
13.33
2EI
2 C
D
4
13.33 0.5EI C EI D - - - - - - - - - - 6
In the above Equations there are three unknowns, EI B ,EIC & EID ,
accordingly the boundary conditions are:
i MBA MBC 0
ii MCB MCD 0
iii MDC 0
( hinged)
Now
MBA MBC 0
MCB MBC 0
MDC 0 8
9
By solving (7), (8) & (9), we get
EIB 24.04
EIC 11.15
EID 18.90
Beam AB:
60 2 5.96 42.02
R 20.985 KN
B
4
R A 60 RB 30.015 KN
Beam BC:
11.63 50 5.96
R 13.92 KN
C
4
RB RC 13.92 KN RB is downward
Beam CD:
10 4 2 11.63
R 17.09 KN
D
4
R C 10 4 RD 22.91KN
Example: Analyse the continuous beam shown using slope deflection method. Then draw
bending moment and shear force diagram.
FEMs:
wl 2 2
F 10 8
- 53.33 KNM
AB
12 12 KNM
wl2
F 53.33
BA
12
- 22.50 KNM
Wl 30 6
F
BC
8 8
FCD KNM
WL 22.50
8
- 22.5
2E2I
2 C
B
6
4 2
- 22.5 EI EI - - - - - - - - 3
B C
3 3
22.5
2E2I
2 B
C
6
4 2
22.5 EI EIB - - - - - - - - 4
C
3 3
In the above equation there are two unknown boundary B and C , accordingly the
conditions are:
i MBA MBC 24 0
ii MCB 0
Now, M M 24 53.33 3 EI 4 2
22.5 EI EI 24
BA BC
B B C
2 3 3
54.83
17 2
EI EI 0 5
6 B
3 C
4
and M 22.5 EI 2
EI 0
CB C B
3 3
2 1 - - - - - - - - - -- (6)
EI 11.25 EI
3
C B
3
Substituting in eqn. (5)
17 1
54.83 EI 11.25 EI 0
B B
6 3
15
44.58 EI 0
B
6
EIB 44.58 6 17.432 15 rotation anticlockwise
from equation (6) 3
11.25 17.432
1
EI
C
2
3
8.159 anticlockwise
rotation
M 22.5
4
17.432 2 8.159 51.18 KNM
BC
3 3
M 22.5
4
8.159 2 (17.432) 0.00
CB
3 3
Span AB:
27.18 66.40 10 8 4
R 35.13 KN
B
8
RA 10 8 RB 44.87 KN
Span BC:
51.18 30 3
R 23.53 KN
B
6
RC 30 RB 6.47 KN
Max BM
Span AB: Max BM occurs where SF=0, consider SF equation with A asorigin
Sx 44.87 - 10x 0
x 4.487 m
2
M 4.487
max 44.87 4.487 10
2 64 36.67 KNM
Span BC: Max BM occurs under point load
BC Mmax 45 51.18 19.41KN M
2
Example: Analyse the beam shown in figure. End support C is subjected to an anticlockwise moment of
12 KNM.
FEMs:
wl 2
F 20 4
26.67 KNM
2
BC
12 12
wl 2 KNM
26.67
FCB
12
0
2E2I
2 0
B
4
2EIB - - - - - - - -- 2
2EI
MBC FBC 2B C
L
2E 1.5I
- 26.67 2 C
B
4
3 3
- 26.67 EI EI - - - - - - - -- 3
B C
2 4
2EI
MCB FCB 2 C B
L
2E 1.5I
26.67 2 B
C
4
3 3
26.67 EI EIB - - - - - - - -- 4
C
2 4
In the above equation there are two unknowns boundary B and C , accordingly the
conditions are
MBA MBC 0
MCB 12 0
Now, M M 2EI 26.67 3 EI 3
EI
BA BC B
B C
2 4
7 3 - - - - - - - -- (5)
EI EI 26.67 0
B C
2 4
and, M 3 3
12 26.67 EI EI 12
CB C B
2 4
3 3 - - - - - - - -- (6)
38.67 EI EI 0
B C
4 2
From (5) and (6)
3
EI
7 EI
26.67 0
B C
2 4
3
3 EI EI 19.33 0
B C
8 4
25
EI
46 0
B
8
46 14.72
EIB
25
From (6)
2 3
EI 38.67 14.72
C
3 4
33.14 - ve sign indicates
rotation anticlockwise
Span AB:
14.72 29.44
R 11.04 KN
B
4
RA RB 11.04 KN
Span BC:
29.44 12 20 4 2
R 50.36 KN
B
4
RC 20 4 RB 29.64 KN
I. MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD:
This method of analyzing beams and frames was developed by Hardy Cross in 1930.
oment distribution method is basically a displacement method of analysis. But this method sid E
steps the calculation of the displacement and instead makes it possible to apply a series of
Sign convention: In the moment distribution table clockwise moments will be treated
+ve and anti clockwise moments will be treated ve. But for drawing BMD moments causing
concavity upwards (sagging) will be treated +ve and moments causing convexity upwards
(hogging) will be treated ve.
Fixed end moments: The moments at the fixed joints of loaded member are called fixed end
moment. FEM for few standards cases are given below:
w
w
a b
L/2 L/2 L
wL/8 wL/8 wab/L wab/L
W W
w /unit
L length
2wL/ L/3 L/3 L/3
2wL/ wL/12 wL/12
9 w /unit 9
w /unit
length
length
w L L
wL/3 5wL/96 5wL/96
L/20 0
w/unit length
L
L/2 L/2
11 5wL/192 6EI /L
wL/192 6EI /L
3EI/L
Integrating EI B
- Mx + C1
dx 2
Using condition x = l dy
0
dx
2
R l
B
C1 = Ml -
2
dy R x2 R l2
B
EI Mx Ml .(1)
B
dx 2
2
R x 3
Mx 2
R l2
Integrating again EI y = B
Ml x + C2
B
6 2 2
Using condition at x = 0 y = 0 C2 =
0
R x3 Mx2 R l2
B
EI y = Ml x (2)
B
6 2
2
Using at x = l y = 0 in the equation (2)
3M
RB =
2l
Substituting in equation (1)
Ml
dy 3M 2 Mx .. (3)
EI x
dx 4l 4
Substituting x = 0 in the equation (3)
Ml 4EI
EI B = M = B
4 l
is referred to as stiffness factor at B and can be defined as moment M required to rotate end B of
beam B = 1 radian.
By using MB = 0
M
RA = ()
l M
And using V = 0 RB = ( )
l
dy M
x M
2
BM at a section xx at distance x from B is given by EI
dx 2
l
dy M x Mx C1
2
Integrating EI
dx l 2
Mx
3
Mx 2
Integrating again EI y = C1 x C 2
2
l 6
At x = 0 y = 0 C2= 0
Ml
At x = l y = 0 C1 =
3
2
EI Ml
dy M x Mx
dx l 2 3
Substituting x = 0 in above equation
Ml
EI B =
3
3EI
M = B
l
To obtain its value imagine the joint is rigid joint connected to different members. If
applied moment M cause the joint to rotate an amount , Then each member rotates by same
amount.
M = M1 + M2 + M3 + .
= K1 + K2 + K3 +..
= K
M
K1 K1
DF1 = 1 =
K K
M
In general DF = K
. (6)
K
Member relative stiffness factor: In majority of the cases continuous beams and frames will be
made from the same material so that their modulus of electricity E will be same for all members.
It will be easier to determine member stiffness factor by removing term 4E & 3E from
equation (4) and (5) then will be called as relative stiffness factor.
4EI & RB = 3M
.
We have shown that M = A
2l
l
d y
2
3M x
=
BM at A = EI
dx 2 l M
at x l 2 x1
M
=+
2
+ve BM of M M
at A indicates clockwise moment of at A. In other words the moment
2 2
M at the pin induces a moment of M
at the fixed end. The carry over factor represents
2
the fraction of M that is carried over from hinge to fixed end. Hence the carry over factor
for the case of far end fixed is + same 1 . The plus sign indicates both moments are in the
direction. 2
Then determine the moment that is needed to put each joint in equilibrium.
Release or unlock the joints and distribute the counterbalancing moments into
connecting span at each joint using distribution factors.
Carry these moments in each span over to its other end by multiplying each moment by
carry over factor.
By repeating this cycle of locking and unlocking the joints, it will be found that the
moment corrections will diminish since the beam tends to achieve its final deflected shape. When
a small enough value for correction is obtained the process of cycling should be stopped with
carry over only to the end supports. Each column of FEMs, distributed moments and carry over
moment should then be added to get the final moments at the joints.
Then superimpose support moment diagram over free BMD (BMD of primary structure)
final BMD for the beam is obtained.
Ex: 1 Analyse the beam shown in figure 6 (a) by moment distribution method and draw the BMD.
Assume EI is constant
Fig. 6 (a)
Solution:
K
Relative DF =
Jt. Member K
stiffness (K) K
B BA I/12 I/6 0.5
BC I/12 0.5
C CB I/12 5I/24 0.4
CD I/8 0.6
Jt A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD
D.F 0 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0
FEM 0 0 -240 +240 -250 +250
Balance +120 +120 4 6
C.O 60 2 60 3
Fig.6(b)
Ex 2: Analyse the continuous beam shown in fig 7 (a) by moment distribution method and draw
BMD & SFD
3 kN/m 25 kN 16 kN
A 10 kN
C
B D
4m 4m 4m 1m 3m
3I 1m E
10I 2I
Fig. 7 a
Fig. 7 (a)
Solution:
12
25 x 8 25 x 8
MFBC = - 41 kNm MFAB= + 41kNm
12 8 12 8
42
MFCD = 16 1 32 = -9 kNm
42
DF:
K
Relative DF =
Jt. Member K
stiffness (K) K
B BA 3 3I 1.81I 0.31
x 0.56I
4 4
BC 10I/8 = 1.25I 0.69
C CB 10I/8 = 1.25I 1.63I 0.77
CD 3 2I 0.23
x = 0.38I
4 4
Note: Since support A is simply supported end the relative stiffness value of 3I
4 has
l
been taken and also since D can be considered as simply supported with a definite
moment relative stiffness of CD has also been calculated using the formula 3 I
4 l.
Jt A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC DE
D.F 1 0.31 0.69 0.77 0.23 1 01
FEM -4 4 -41 +41 -9 3 -10
Release of +4 +7
joint A and 2 3.5
adjusting
moment at
D
Initial 0 6 -41 41 -5.5 +10 -10
moments
Balance 10.9 24.1 -27.3 -8.2
C.O -13.7 12.1
Balance 4.2 9.5 -9.3 -2.8
C.O -4.7 4.8
Balance 1.5 3.2 -3.7 -1.1
C.O -1.9 1.6
Balance 0.6 1.3 -1.2 -0.4
C.O -0.6 0.7
Balance 0.2 0.4 -0.5 -0.2
C.O -0.3 0.2
Balance 0.09 0.21 -0.15 -0.05
Final 0 23.49 -23.49 18.25 -18.25 10 -10
moments
FBD of various spans is shown in fig. 7 (b) and 7 (c) and BMD, SFD have been shown in fig. 7 (d)
Fig. 7 (b)
Fig. 7 (c)
Fig. 7 (d)
Ex 3: Analyse the continuos beam as shown in figure 8 (a) by moment distribution method
and draw the B.M. diagrams
Fig. 8 (a)
wl 6EI
=
l
2
12
20 x 6 2 6 x 2 x10 5 x1.2 x104 x1012 x10
=
12
6000 2 x10 6
= 60 40
MFAB = -100 kNm
MFBA = FEM due to load + FEM due to sinking
= + 60 40
MFBA = +20 kNm
l2
6 I
E l2
50 x 3 x 2 2 6 x 2 x10 5 1.2 x104 x1012 x10
=
5 2
5000 2 x 10 6
= 24 + 57.6
MFBA = + 33.6 kNm
MFCB = + Wa 2 b 6EI
l2
l2
2
50 x 3 x 2 57.6
=
52
MFCB = 93.6kNm
K
Relative DF =
Jt. Member K
stiffness (K) K
B BA I/6 0.46
BC I/5 0.36I 0.54
C CB I/5 0.51
CD 3 I 0.39I 0.49
x = 0.19I
4 4
Jt A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
D.F 0.46 0.54 0.51 0.49
FEM -100 +20 +33.6 +93.6 -26.67 +26.67
Release jt. -26.67
D
CO -13.34
Initial -100 +20 +33.6 +93.6 -40.01 0
moments
Balance -24.66 -28.94 -27.33 -26.26
C.O -12.33 -13.67 --14.47
Balance +6.29 +7.38 +7.38 +7.09
C.O +3.15 +3.69 +3.69
Balance -1.7 -1.99 -1.88 -1.81
C.O -0.85 -0.94 -1
Balance +0.43 +0.51 +0.51 +0.49
C.O +0.22 +0.26 +0.26
Balance -0.12 -0.14 -0.13 -0.13
C.O -0.06
Final -109.87 +0.24 -0.24 +60.63 -60.63
moments
0.24
20x6 / 8 = 90 50x3x2/5 = 60
KNM KNM
20x4/8 = 40KNM
Fig. 8 (b)
BMD
15. University Question papers of previous year
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
PART-A
PART-B
5. A beam AB of uniform section and 6 m span is built at the ends. A u.d.l of 30 kN/m runs over left
half of the span and there is an additional concentrated load of 40 kN at right quarter. Determine the
fixed end moments at the ends and the reaction. Draw BMD and SFD.
OR
2
90 kN
A
B
C
1m 2m
7. Analyze the continuous beam shown in figure by Clapeyrons theorem of three moments. Draw
BMD and SFD.
OR
8..A continuous beam ABC covers two consecutive spans AB and BC of length 6 m and 8 m, carrying
loads of 10 kN/m and 15 kN/m respectively. If the ends A and B are simply supported, find the
support reactions at A, B and C. Use slope deflection method. Draw the shear force and bending
moment diagram. Draw elastic curve.
9. Two loads of 200 kN and 250 kN spaced at 5 meters apart crosses a girder of 25 meters span from
left to right with 200 Kn leading. Construct the maximum shearing force and bending moment
diagrams stating the absolute maximum values.
OR
10. A train of wheel loads crosses a span of 30 meters shown in figure. Calculate the maximum
positive and negative shear at midspan and absolute maximum bending moment anywhere in the span.
3
16. Question Bank
UNIT-I
1.Determine the axial force in the members of the frame the cross sectional area of the bars
AB and AC is 2a and that of other member is a.
2.Determine the forces in all the members of the redundant pin jointed frame shown in
Figure. The area of the cross section of the diagonals is twice that the other
members.
3.A truss ABCD has both its ends A and D are provided with hinged supports and carries
two loads of 35kN and 60kN at B and C as shown in gure 4. Treat BC as redundant.
Calculate the forces in all the members. All the members have the
same cross sectional area and are made of same material.
4
4. Determine the force in the member AB of the pin jointed frame work shown in
figure . All the members have the same area of the cross section and are of the
same material.
UNIT-II
1. a) What is a propped cantilever?
b) Determine the prop reaction of the propped cantilever shown in fig.(1).? Also
Draw B.M.D
5
2. Determine the prop reaction RB the propped cantilever shown in fig . And also
Draw the S.F and B.M diagrams
3. The fixed beam AB of length 10m carries point loads of 150 and 160 KN at a
distance of 4 m and 6m from left end A. find the end moments and the reactions at
supports. Also draw SFD and BMD.
4. The propped cantilever shown in fig (3) .find the value of reaction. Also draw SFD
and BMD.
Unit-IV
1. Analyse the continuous beam shown in fig.(6) using moment distribution method.
Draw SFD and BMD.
6
2. Analyse the continuous beam shown in fig.(7) using moment distribution method.
Draw BM diagram.
3. Analyse the continuous beam shown in fig.(8) using moment distribution method.
Draw BM diagram.
4. Analyse the continuous beam shown in fig.(9) using moment distribution method.
Draw BM diagram.
Continuous beams
1. Derive the Clapeyrons equation of three moments.
7
2. A Continuous beam ABC covers two consecutive span AB and BC of lengths 4m and 6m, carrying
uniformly distributed loads of 6KN/m and 10KN/m respectively. If the ends A and B are simply
supported, find the moments at A,B And C. Draw also B.M And S.F Diagrams.
3. A Continuous beam ABCD, Simply Supported a t A,B,C And D is Loaded ss shown In Fig.(10)
Find the moments over the beam and draw B.M And S.F Diagrams.
4. A Continuous beam ABC of uniform section, with span AB and BC as 6m each, is fixed at A and C
and supported at B as shown in fig.(11) Find the support moments and the reactions. Draw S.F And
B.M Diagrams.
UNIT-V
1.a) Define absolute maximum shear force.
b)Two point loads of 150kN and 300kN with 4m space between them rolls across the girder of span
20m. Calculate the equivalent UDL.
8
50 kN
100 kN 70 kN 200 kN
3m 2m 4m
(1)
(2) (3) (4)
1.The number of independent equations to be satisfied for static equilibrium of a plane structure is
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 6
2.Degree of static indeterminacy of a rigid-jointed plane frame having 15 members, 3 reaction components and
14 joints is
a) 2 b) 3 c) 6 d) 8
d) three rotations
4.If in a pin-jointed plane frame (m + r) > 2j, then the frame is where m is number of members, r is
reaction components and j is number of joints
9
a) stable and statically determinate
c) unstable
a) (m + r) < 2j
b) m + r = 2j
c) (m + r) > 2j
a) unstable
7. The deflection at any point of a perfect frame can be obtained by applying a unit load at the joint in
a) vertical direction
b) horizontal direction
c) inclined direction
a) m + r - 2j b) m + r - 3j
c) 3m + r - 3j d) 6m + r - 6j
10
a) m + r - 2j b) m + r - 3j
c) 3m + r - 3j d) m + r + 3j
where m is number of unknown member forces, r is unknown reaction components and j is number of joints
1. Triangle is a _____________________
2. Perfect frame can be analysed by _______ reactions
3. Equliburim condition means ____________________
4. Perfect frames can be solved by ________________________ methods
5. In a truss bottom chord members undergo__________________
6. In a truss top chord members under go _____________________
7. If a trusss force along x direction is _____- along Y direction is __________
8. Static determinacy means __________________________
9. Indeterminacy in a truss is given by ________________________
10. In Method of section moment is taken along an ______________
Unit-2
1.The principle of virtual work can be applied to elastic system by considering the virtual work of
c) the action of applied forces will be affected by small deformations of the structure
5.The principle of virtual work can be applied to elastic system by considering the virtual work of
6. Normal trust=
b. H cos + V sin
c. H cos * V sin
d. H cos /V sin
7.Radial Shear=
b. H cos + V sin
c. H cos * V sin
d. H cos /V sin .
a. y = (4h/L2 ) (x (L x))
b. y = (4h/L2 ) /(x (L x))
d. y = (4h/L2 ) (x (L +x))
a. y = (4h/L2 ) (L 2 x))
b. y = (4h/L2 )- (L 2 x))
d. y = (4h/L2 )+ (L 2 x))
10.strain energy in a beam is given by
a.PL/AE
12
B.PL/2AE
C.PL/3AE
D.PL/4AE
4. A three hinged parabolic arch of 20 m span and 4 m central rise carries a point load of 40 kN at 4 m
horizontally from left support the vertical reactions are ______________
5. for a 3 hinged arch the ordinate y w.r.t X at any point of arch given by_______________________
6.Three-hinged arch is statically determinate structure and its reactions / internal forces are evaluated by
_________________________________
8.A 3 hinged arch carrying UDl on its entire span than its horizontal trust is given by _____________
9.A 3 hinged arch carrying point at a distance a from its left end then horizontal trust is given by
______________
10. A 3 hinged arch carrying udl on its half of its span then horizontal trust is given by __________
1. A built-in beam AB of span L is loaded with a gradually varying load from zero at A to W per unit
length at B. The fixing moment A will be [ ]
2 2 2 2
A.WL /8 B. WL /12 C. WL /20 D. WL /30
2. When a continuous beam is fixed at the left end, then an imaginary span is taken to the left of the beam.
The support moment at the imaginary support is [ ]
A. Negligible B. Considerable C. Zero D. Infinity
3. If a continuous beam is fixed at its both ends, then the imaginary support is [ ]
A. not taken B. taken on left side only
C. taken on both the ends D. taken on right side only
4. The analysis of a structure by Slope Deflection method is ___________ method of analysis[ ]
A. Force method B. Displacement Method
C. Statically In-determinate D. Statically determinate
5. If the end B of a fixed beam AB settles by an amount of then the vertical reaction at the fixed end B
is [ ]
2 2 2 3
A. 4EI /L B. 2EI /L C. 6EI /L D. 12EI /L
6. A fixed beam of span L is carrying a u.d.l of W kNper unit length. The Maximum deflection at the
center of the span is _______
7. The analysis of a beam by Three moment equation method is ___________ method of analysis
13
8. A 2 span continuous beam ABC is simply supported at the ends A and C and is carrying a u.d.l of W
kN/m over the entire 2 spans. If the length of the each span is L/2, the vertical reaction at the
support B is _________
9. If the end B of a fixed beam AB rotates by an amount of then the fixed end moment at the end B is
_________
10. If the end B of a fixed beam AB rotates by an amount of then the vertical reaction at the end A is
_________
.
Unit-IV
1. The analysis of a structure by Slope Deflection method is ___________ method of analysis [ ]
A. Force method B. Displacement Method
C. Statically In-determinate D. Statically determinate
2. If the end B of a fixed beam AB settles by an amount of then the vertical reaction at the fixed end B
is []
2 2 2 3
A. 4EI /L B. 2EI /L C. 6EI /L D. 12EI /L
5.For the fixed beam as shown in below figure, what is the fixed end moment at A for the given loading?
[]
6. If the end B of a fixed beam AB rotates by an amount of then the fixed end moment at the end B is
_________
7. If the end B of a fixed beam AB rotates by an amount of then the vertical reaction at the end A is
_________
8. If the end B of a fixed beam AB settles by an amount of then the vertical reaction at the fixed end A
is _______
9.The number of simultaneous equations to be solved in the slope deflection method is equal
to=_______
14
10.A two span continuous beam ABC with end A fixed and end c hinged is having AB=4m, BC=6m.
I : I =1:2, it is subjected to u.d.l of 10 KN/m over entire right span. Then the moment at C is
AB BC
=______
5. When a continuous beam is fixed at the left end, then an imaginary span is taken to the left of the beam.
The support moment at the imaginary support is [ ]
A. Negligible B. Considerable C. Zero D. Infinity
6. If k is relative stiffness of a member and k is total stiffness of a joint. Then the distribution factor in
any member is given by _________
7. A built-in beam AB of span L is loaded with a gradually varying load from zero at A to w per unit
length at B. The fixing moment B will be __________
8. If U is the total energy stored in a structure and if P is the load acting on the structure, Then the
deflection under the load is given as________
9. The strain Energy method of structural analysis is a __________ method of analysis
10. The strain energy stored in a cantilever beam of span L meter and is subjected to a point load P at the
free end is _________
1. A cantilever of span L is fixed at A and propped at the other end B, If it is carrying a u.d.l of W kN/m,
then the prop reaction will be [ ]
A.3WL/8 B.5WL/8 C.3WL/16 D.5WL/16
2. The deflection at the center of a propped cantilever of span l carrying a u.d.l of W per unit length is
4 4 4 4
A. WL /48EI B. WL /96EI C. WL /128EI D. WL /192EI [ ]
3. A simply supported beam of span L is carrying a u.d.l of W per unit length. If the beam is propped at the
mid point, then the prop reaction is equal to [ ]
2 2
A.3WL/8 B.5WL/8 C.3WL /16 D.5WL /16
4. The degree of static indeterminacy for a Fixed beam is [ ]
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
5. The fixed end moments for a fixed beam carrying u.d.l over the span is [ ]
6. A uniform beam of span l is rigidly fixed at both supports. If carries a u.d.l w per unit length. The
bending moment at mid span is =_____________.
7. The elastic strain energy stored in a rectangular cantilever beam of length L subjected to a bending
moment M applied at the end is =________________.
8. In an intermediate structure, when there is no lack of fit, the partial derivative of strain energy with
respect to any of the redundant =______________.
15
9. If the strain energy absorbed in a cantilever beam in bending under its own weight is K times greater
than the strain energy absorbed in an identical simply supported beam in bending under its own
weight, then the magnitude of K=______________.
10. Strain energy in linear elastic system (U) due to axial loading =_____________________.
REFERENCES:
Journals
1. The CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, "Journal of Structural Engineering"
2. International Journal of Structural Engineering
3. The International Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering (IJASE)
Websites
1.www.sefindia.org
2. http://elearning.vtu.ac.in/CV42.html
EVALUATION SCHEME:
PARTICULAR WEIGHTAGE MARKS
End Examinations 75% 75
Two Sessionals 20% 20
Assignment 5% 5
TEACHER'S ASSESSMENT(TA)* WEIGHTAGE MARKS
*TA will be based on the Assignments given, Unit test Performances and Attendance in the class for a
particular student.
16
23. Student List
II-A Section
II-B-section
14R11A0153
5 B. SUNIL NAIK
17
14R11A0154
6 D. VENU CHARY
14R11A0155
7 D. VASANTHA KUMAR
14R11A0157
8 G. NIKHIL
14R11A0158
9 G. SANDEEP KUMAR
14R11A0159
10 G. CHARAN KUMAR
14R11A0160
11 J. HARISH KUMAR
14R11A0161
12 K.J. NANDEESHWAR
14R11A0162
13 K. SANTHOSH KUMAR
14R11A0163
14 K BHARATH KUMAR
14R11A0164
15 K ABHILASH
14R11A0165
16 K SAI KRISHNA
14R11A0168
17 MOHD. ABBAS
14R11A0169
18 M SRINIVAS
14R11A0170
19 N SANTHOSH
14R11A0172
20 OSA NITHISH
14R11A0173
21 P INDRA TEJA
14R11A0174
22 P NAVEEN KUMAR
14R11A0175
23 P BHARATH NARSIMHA REDDY
14R11A0176
24 P SURENDER
14R11A0177
25 R VIHARI PRAKASH
14R11A0178
26 S BHANU KISHORE
14R11A0179
27 SHAILESH KUMAR SINGH
14R11A0180
28 SYED OMER ASHRAF
14R11A0181
29 V SAI SHARATH
14R11A0182
30 Y VENKATA MOHAN REDDY
18
7 2 14R11A0108 E TEJASRI
8 2 14R11A0109 G DARSHAN
9 2 14R11A0110 GALIPELLI SRIKANTH
10 2 14R11A0111 GATTU MANASA
11 2 14R11A0112 GEEDI SRINIVAS
12 2 14R11A0113 GUNTUPALLY MANOJ KUMAR
13 3 14R11A0114 K ANJALI
14 3 14R11A0115 KASULA HIMA BINDU
15 3 14R11A0116 KASTHURI VINAY KUMAR
16 3 14R11A0117 KOPPULA KEERTHIKA
17 3 14R11A0118 KRISHNA VAMSHI TIPPARAJU
18 3 14R11A0119 MADDULA MANORAMA REDDY
19 4 14R11A0120 MALINENI VENKATA DILIP
20 4 14R11A0121 MANDA KUMIDINI
21 4 14R11A0122 MINNIKANTI NAGASAI GANESH BABU
22 4 14R11A0123 MOHD ABDUL WALI KHAN
23 4 14R11A0124 MOTUPALLI VENTAKA KIRAN
24 4 14R11A0125 MUDDETI HARI
25 5 14R11A0126 MUSHKE VAMSHIDAR REDDY
26 5 14R11A0127 NAGUNOORI PRANAY KUMAR
27 5 14R11A0128 NALLA UDHAY KUMAR REDDY
28 5 14R11A0129 P GAYATHRI
29 5 14R11A0130 PADALA SRIKANTH
30 5 14R11A0131 PASUPULATI SWETHA
31 6 14R11A0132 POLISETTY VINEEL BHARGAV
32 6 14R11A0133 PUNYAPU VENKATA SHRAVANI
33 6 14R11A0134 R DIVYA
34 6 14R11A0136 RAVULA VAMSHI
35 6 14R11A0138 S BARATH KUMAR
36 7 14R11A0139 S PRASHANTH REDDY
37 7 14R11A0140 S SAI RAGHAV
38 7 14R11A0141 SHAIK SHAMEERA
39 7 14R11A0142 SREEGAADHI SAICHARAN
40 7 14R11A0143 SRIRAM SURYA
41 8 14R11A0144 SUNKARI SHIVA
42 8 14R11A0145 VANAMALA SURENDER NIKITHA
43 8 14R11A0146 YADAVALLI PAVAN KUMAR
II-B Section
S. No Group No Roll No Student Name
1 1 14R11A0149 A. SRAVAN KUMAR
2 1 14R11A0150 B MAHENDRA VARDHAN
14R11A0151
3 1 B. VIJAY
14R11A0152
4 1 B. KIRAN KUMAR
14R11A0153
5 1 B. SUNIL NAIK
14R11A0154
6 1 D. VENU CHARY
14R11A0155
7 2 D. VASANTHA KUMAR
14R11A0157
8 2 G. NIKHIL
14R11A0158
9 2 G. SANDEEP KUMAR
14R11A0159
10 2 G. CHARAN KUMAR
19
14R11A0160
11 2 J. HARISH KUMAR
14R11A0161
12 2 K.J. NANDEESHWAR
14R11A0162
13 3 K. SANTHOSH KUMAR
14R11A0163
14 3 K BHARATH KUMAR
14R11A0164
15 3 K ABHILASH
14R11A0165
16 3 K SAI KRISHNA
14R11A0168
17 3 MOHD. ABBAS
14R11A0169
18 3 M SRINIVAS
14R11A0170
19 4 N SANTHOSH
14R11A0172
20 4 OSA NITHISH
14R11A0173
21 4 P INDRA TEJA
14R11A0174
22 4 P NAVEEN KUMAR
14R11A0175
23 4 P BHARATH NARSIMHA REDDY
14R11A0176
24 4 P SURENDER
14R11A0177
25 5 R VIHARI PRAKASH
14R11A0178
26 5 S BHANU KISHORE
14R11A0179
27 5 SHAILESH KUMAR SINGH
14R11A0180
28 5 SYED OMER ASHRAF
14R11A0181
29 5 V SAI SHARATH
14R11A0182
30 5 Y VENKATA MOHAN REDDY
20