HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

---------------------------------------

Bi Th Phng

K THUT OFDM NG DNG TRONG H THNG

THNG TIN QUANG

Chuynngnh: K THUT VIN THNG

Ms: 60.52.02.08

TM TT LUN VN THC S

H NI NM 2014
 Lun vn c hon thnh ti:
HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

Ngi hng dn khoa hc: TS. V TUN LM

Phn bin 1: TS. V Vn San

Phn bin 2: TS. Hong Vn V

Lun vn s c bo v trc Hi ng chm lun vn thc s ti

Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng
Vo lc: 9 gi 30 ngy 09 thng 08 nm 2014

C th tm hiu lun vn ti:

- Th vin ca Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng
 1

LI M U
X hi ngy cng pht trin th nhu cu ca con ngi v trao i
thng tin ngy cng ln. p ng nhng nhu cu , i hi mng
li vin thng phi c tc cao, dung lng ln. Cc h thng
truyn dn in ri vo trng thi bo ha, hay ni cch khc tc
cho php ca mi trng truyn dn in ch nm trong mt gii
hn cho php (hng chc Gb/s). Trong khi , yu cu truyn dn ca
cc mng li vin thng ngy nay ln ti hng Tb/s v thm ch
hn. Vic ra i mng truyn dn quang vi bng thng gn nh v
hn phn no p ng c nhu cu .Ta thy, ch trong mt thi
gian rt ngn, khi m cng ngh si quang pht trin mnh m km
theo cc cng ngh khuch i tn hiu quang tin tin ra i th cc
h thng truyn thng quang mi tht s th hin c nhng kh
nng vt tri ca n.
Khi kh nng truyn dn tm c gii quyt nh s ra i
ca cng ngh truyn dn si quang th tc chuyn mch ca cc
thit b in t thch ng vi cng ngh truyn thng tc cao
ca si quang l iu cn thit. Mi trng truyn dn l cp si
quang vi bng thng cc ln, cn tn hiu vn c x l, thc hin
trn nn in t c sn. Cc k thut ghp knh vn c dng
c trong min in ln min quang nhm s dng tt hn na ti
nguyn sn c v nng cao tc cho c h thng. ti tip cn
mt k thut ghp knh theo tn s tin tin iu ch tn hiu
trong min in trc khi a vo knh truyn quang truyn i.
l k thut ghp knh phn chia theo tn s trc giao OFDM
(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). y l k thut ghp
knh cho php s dng hiu qu ph tn s, c th gii quyt vn
tn sc do knh truyn si quang gy ra. Tn sc l hin tng gy ra
 2

gin xung tn hiu khi truyn trn knh truyn quang lm gim ng
k cht lng truyn dn tn hiu quang. Tn sc khng nhng lm
gii hn khong cch truyn dn m cn lm gim tc ca h
thng. K thut OFDM iu ch tn hiu in trc khi chuyn
thnh tn hiu quang.
Mc tiu ca ti l ng dng k thut OFDM trn knh truyn
quang. y l s kt hp nhng u im ca c k thut OFDM v
h thng thng tin quang. V phn cui ca lun vn a ra kt qu
m phng h thng OFDM quang long-haul. Lun vn gm c 3
chng:
Chng I: Gii thiu chung v OFDM.
Chng II: X l tn hiu trong OFDM.
Chng III: Cc h thng OFDM quang.
 3

CHNG I: GII THIU CHUNG V OFDM

1.1Tin trnh pht trin ca OFDM
OFDM c gii thiu u tin bi Chang trong bui thuyt
trnh vo nm 1966 [4]. Thut ng OFDM trong thc t xut hin
u tin trong bng sng ch khc ca ng y vo nm 1970. Cc
lnh vc trong OFDM c bc pht trin di nh mt nt ni bt
trong hng triu ng dng bi v s thiu cc ng dng bng rng
cho OFDM v cc mch in t c tch hp nng lng ln p
ng s tnh ton phc tp c yu cu bi OFDM. Tuy nhin, s
xut hin ca cc ng dng s bng rng v hon thin vic tch hp
CMOS chip trong nhng nm 1990 v a OFDM vo mt thi i
mi. Trong nm 1995, OFDM c ng dng trong chun truyn
hnh s - DVB chu u. iu ny cho thy OFDM l mt cng ngh
iu ch quan trng v bo trc mt k nguyn mi cho s thnh
cng ca OFDM trong rt nhiu ng dng. Ngoi DVB Chu u,
OFDM cn c s dng trong mng LAN khng dy (Wi-Fi; IEEE
802.11a/g), mng Metro khng dy (WiMAX; 802.16e), ng dy
thu bao s bt i xng (ADSL;ITU G992.1), v LTE
1.2 OFDM c bn
1.2.1 Cc nguyn l c bn ca OFDM
Nguyn l c bn ca OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing) l chia mt lung d liu tc cao thnh cc lung
d liu tc thp hn v pht ng thi trn mt s cc sng mang
con trc giao. V khong thi gian symbol tng ln cho cc sng
mang con song song tc thp hn, cho nn lng nhiu gy ra do
tri tr a ng c gim xung. Nhiu xuyn k t ISI c
hn ch hu nh hon ton do vic a vo mt khong thi gian bo
v trong mi symbol OFDM. Trong khong thi gian bo v, mi
 4

symbol OFDM c bo v theo chu k trnh nhiu gia cc sng

mang ICI.

Hnh 1.1. So snh k thut sng mang khng chng xung (a) v
k thut sng mang chng xung (b).
V bn cht, OFDM l mt trng hp c bit ca phng thc
pht a sng mang theo nguyn l chia dng d liu tc cao thnh
tc thp hn v pht ng thi trn mt s sng mang c phn
b mt cch trc giao. Nh thc hin bin i chui d liu t ni
tip sang song song nn thi gian symbol tng ln. Do , s phn
tn theo thi gian gy bi tri rng tr do truyn dn a ng
(multipath) gim xung.
OFDM khc vi FDM nhiu im. Trong pht thanh thng
thng mi i pht thanh truyn trn mt tn s khc nhau, s dng
hiu qu FDM duy tr s ngn cch gia nhng i. Tuy nhin
khng c s kt hp ng b gia mi trm vi cc trm khc. Vi
cch truyn OFDM, nhng tn hiu thng tin t nhiu trm c kt
 5

hp trong mt dng d liu ghp knh n. Sau d liu ny c

truyn khi s dng khi OFDM c to ra t gi dy c nhiu
sng mang. Tt c cc sng mang th cp trong tn hiu OFDM c
ng b thi gian v tn s vi nhau, cho php kim sot can nhiu
gia nhng sng mang. Cc sng mang ny chng lp nhau trong
min tn s, nhng khng gy can nhiu gia cc sng mang (ICI) do
bn cht trc giao ca iu ch. Vi FDM nhng tn hiu truyn cn
c khong bo v tn s ln gia nhng knh ngn nga can
nhiu. iu ny lm gim hiu qu ph. Tuy nhin vi OFDM s
ng gi trc giao nhng sng mang lm gim ng k khong bo
v ci thin hiu qu ph.

Hnh 1.2. S h thng OFDM

1.2.2. n sng mang
1.2.3 a sng mang
1.2.4. S trc giao
S trc giao - Orthogonal ch ra rng c mt mi quan h chnh xc
gia cc tn s ca cc sng mang trong h thng OFDM. Trong h
thng FDM thng thng, cc sng mang c cch nhau trong mt
khong ph hp tn hiu thu c th nhn li bng cch s dng cc b
lc v cc b gii iu ch thng thng. Trong cc my nh vy, cc
khong bo v cn c dliu trc gia cc sng mang khc nhau.
 6

Vic a vo cc khong bo v, cc sng mang khng c tnh trc giao

ny lm gim hiu qu s dng ph ca h thng.
i vi h thng a sng mang ph thuc, m bo cho cc sng
mang c nh v chnh xc ti im gc trong ph iu ch ca
mi sng mang. Tuy nhin, c th sp xp cc sng mang trong
OFDM sao cho cc di bin ca chng che ph ln nhau m cc tn
hiu vn c th thu c chnh xc m khng c s can nhiu gia
cc sng mang. c c kt qu nh vy, cc sng mang phi
trc giao v mt ton hc. My thu hot ng gm cc b gii iu
ch, dch tn mi sng mang xung mc DC, tn hiu nhn c ly
tch phn trn mt chu k ca symbol phc hi d liu gc. Nu
mi sng mang u dch xung tn s tch phn ca sng mang ny,
trong mt chu k , kt qu tnh tch phn cc sng mang khc s l
zero. Do , cc sng mang c lp tuyn tnh vi nhau (trc giao)
nu khong cch gia cc sng l bi s ca 1/. Bt k s phi tuyn
no gy ra bi s can nhiu ca cc sng mang ICI cng lm mt i
tnh trc giao.
1.2.4.1. Trc giao min tn s
1.2.4.2. M t ton hc ca OFDM
V mt ton hc, trc giao c ngha l cc sng mang c ly ra
t nhm trc chun (Orthogonal basis).Phng php iu ch OFDM
s dng rt nhiu sng mang, v vy tn hiu c th hin bi cng
thc:
N 1
1
S s (t )
N
A
n0
c (t ).e j n t c ( t ) (1.2)

Trong , = 0 + n.
 7

1.3. Kt lun chng 1

K thut OFDM c nhiu li ch m cc k thut ghp knh khc
khng c c. N lm cho thng tin truyn vi tc cao bng
cch chia knh truyn fading chn lc tn s thnh cc knh truyn
con fading phng. Nh vic s dng tp tn s sng mang trc giao
nn cc sng mang nn hin tng nhiu lin sng mang ICI c th
c loi b, do cc sng mang ph trc giao nhau nn cc sng
mang ny c th chng ln ln nhau m pha thu vn c th tch ra
c dn n hiu qu s dng bng thng h thng rt hiu qu.
 8

CHNG II: X L TN HIU TRONG OFDM QUANG

2.1. Gii thiu
Mun khai thc c ng dng ca h thng OFDM quang ngoi
vic ch n vic iu ch sng mang n,ta cn ch n qu
trnh x l tn hiu.
Trong chng ny, chng ta xem xt cc kha cnh khc nhau
ca x l tn hiu OFDM kt hp vi ba mc ng b bao gm ng
b ca s, ng b tn s, v nh gi knh; b chuyn i tng t
sang s, s sang tng t nh hng n hiu nng h thng.
2.2. X l tn hiu OFDM u cui
Nhn chung, m hnh tryn dn tn hiu OFDM m t qu trnh
bin i tn hiu qua b pht, knh truyn dn, v b thu ph thuc
vo ng dng c th. y chng ta s dng h thng quang
coherent (CO)-OFDM nh mt vi d minh ha cc thnh phn c
bn ca qu trnh x l tn hiu OFDM.
Trong b pht RF OFDM, d liu s u vo c bin i ln
u t dy cc bit ti mt khi cc bit song song bao gm k hiu
thng tinNSC, mi khi bit c th bao gm nhiu bit cho m ha Gray.
K hiu thng tin ny c nh x vi mt tn hiu phc tp hai

chiu c ki v d s dng m ha Gray, c ki l k hiu thng tin phc

tp c nh x. Cc k hiu ca c ki ph hp vi th t cc sng
mang con v cc khi OFDM. Tn hiu OFDM min thi gian c
kt hp thng qua bin i Fourie ngc ri rc IDFT cho c ki v
mt khong bo v c chn vo trnh xuyn knh.
2.3. ng b ca s DFT
ng b l mt trong nhng chc nng quan trng nht i vi
my thu CO-OFDM. Nh phn trc qu trnh ng b c th c
 9

chia lm ba mc: ng b thi gian ca s DFT, ng b b tn s

sng mang, v khi phc sng mang con.

Hnh 2.2. Cu trc min thi gian ca tn hiu OFDM

Hnh 2.2 th hin cu trc min thi gian ca mt tn hiu OFDM
bao gm nhiu k hiu OFDM. Mi k hiu OFDM kt hp mt
khong bo v v mt chu k kho st. iu bt buc l bt u ca
ca s DFT (tc l chu k quan st) phi c xc nh ng bi v
mt ca s DFT sai lch l kt qu ca s nhiu gia cc k hiu v
nhiu gia cc sng mang (ICI).
2.4. ng b b tn s
2.4.1. S chn tn s
2.4.2. Hiu chnh tn s
2.5. Khi phc sng mang: nh gi knh v nh gi pha
T m hnh knh cng thc (2.8), c ba nhn t dn n s quay

ca chm sao k t thng tin b thu rki : (1) tn sc knh Hki , n

lm cho s ph thuc tn s sang ph OFDM; (2) b thi gian ly
mu DFT to ra mt tham s pha tuyn tnh vi tn s sng mang
con v (3) nhiu pha t laser pht v thu. Hng s thi gian i vi
ba nhn tl khc nhau. Nhn t u tin thay i trn khong thi
gian (ms) do s chuyn ng c hc ca si. C th tn sc thay i
theo s dao ng nhit lin tc. Tn sc phn cc mode bin i
do s dao ng c hc v nhit trong khong ms. Nhn t th hai
 10

c gy ra bi b tc thi gian ly mu v n c th cn c
iu chnh mi micro giy ti 10 micro giy. Nhn t th ba n t
nhiu pha laser vi di ph t 100 KHz ti vi MHz. Hai nhn t u
tin c gii quyt thng qua nh gi knh. Nhn t th ba nh
nh gi pha v s b pha[16].
2.6. nh gi knh
nh gi knh l mt phn ca khi phc sng mang con. Tuy
nhin, do tm quan trng ca n i vi ton b hiu nng h thng
v lin kt cht ch ca n vi cc vn khc v d nh hiu chnh
tc v sa li, n l mt trong nhng chuyn c nghin cu
su rng nht trong lnh vc v OFDM [6].
- Ti sao nh gi knh l cn thit
Mc d chng ta ch ra trc rng vic nh gi knh l
cn thit nh hng chm tn hiu ti b thu, n khng th lun
c yu cu cho iu ch ri rc. M ha khc nhau c th c
nhn ra thng qua hai phng php:
(1) S dng hai symbol OFDM lin tip nhau v (2) s dng hai sng
mang con lin tip nhau. M ha khc nhau loi b yu cu i vi
hoc l lin quan hon ton n cc c im knh truyn hoc pha
symbol v do nh gi knhkhng cn thit. Tuy nhin, c mt
bt li l SNR khc nhau vi cc loi m ha khc nhau.
2.7. Kt lun chng 2
Qu trnh x l tn hiu trong OFDM quang l rt quang trng,
n m cho vic xy dng cc h thng OFDM quang hot ng n
nh vi cc thng s cho php. Vic x l tn hiu phi m bo
ng b ca s, ng b tn s, nh gi knh. B chuyn i tng
t sang s, s sang tng t nh hng n hiu nng ca h thng.
 11

CHNG III:CC H THNG OFDM QUANG

3.1. Gii thiu
Mt trong nhng im mnh ca OFDM l s a dng ca n v
tng thch vi nhiu ng dng.
tng cht lng h thng thng tin quang th vic thit k b
thu quang vi li ln, nhy cao l cn thit v quan trng.
Trong cc b thu quang, vic tch sng mang quang thu li c
tn hiu in bn pha pht da vo hai k thut chnh l k thut
tch sng trc tip (DD - Direct Detector) v k thut tch sng ht
hp (CO - Coherrent Detector) [16].
3.2. OFDM quang coherent
OFDM quang coherent (CO-OFDM) c hiu nng ca nhy
my thu, hiu sut s dng ph, v chng li s phn c, nhng n
yu cu s linh hot cao nht trong thit k my thu. CO-OFDM
c xut u tin bi Shieh v Athaudage[13], v khi nim
OFDM quang coherent a u vo v u ra c chnh thc ha bi
Shieh. CO-OFDM c tin hnh u tin bi Shieh cho si n
mode chun 1000km (SSMF) truyn dn 8Gb/s v bi Jansen i
vi SSMF 4160km 20Gb/s. Tuy nhin, nguyn tc c bn ca CO-
OFDM nh sau: thc hin hiu qu s dng ph bi ph sng mang
chng ln ln nhau trong khi trnh xuyn nhiu bi s dng tch
sng nht qun v s trc giao gia cc tn hiu.
3.2.1. Nguyn l ca CO-OFDM.
OFDM mang li hiu qu tnh ton cc h thng coherent, d
dng nh gi pha v knh. Cc h thng coherent mang OFDM
tuyn tnh c yu cu trong b chuyn i RF thnh tn hiu quang
(RTO) v b chuyn i quang thnh RF. Do , mt bin i tuyn
tnh l mc tiu chnh i vi vic thc hin OFDM. Mt h thng
 12

OFDM thng thng nh hnh 3.1 c th chia thnh 5 khi chc

nng: b pht RF OFDM, b chuyn i RTO, knh quang, b
chuyn i OTR v b thu RF OFDM. Gi s knh quang tuyn
tnh,r rng rng nhng kh khn i vi vic thc thi CO-OFDM l
c mt b chuyn i RTO tuyn tnh v b chuyn i OTR
tuyn tnh. N c xut v phn tch xu hng b iu ch
Mach-Zehnder ti im khng, s chuyn i tuyn tnh gia tn hiu
RF v tn hiu trng quang c th c thc hin[16].

Hnh 3.1. a) H thng CO-OFDM trong m hnh chuyn i

ng ln/xung trc tipb) m hnh tn s trung gian
3.2.2. Thit k b pht quang cho CO-OFDM
3.2.3. Chc nng ca cc khi trong cc h thng CO-OFDM.
3.2.4. iu ch quang I/Q cho chuyn i ng ln RF sang
quang tuyn tnh
Trong phn ny, chng ta s dng vic phn tch cc loi iu
ch (Intermodulation Tone)tng t nhau nghin cu iu ch phi
tuyn I/Q trn chuyn i RF sang quang i vi b pht CO-OFDM.
Kt qu thu c y nn p dng vi cc h thng a sng mang
 13

tng t coherent. i vi m hnh chuyn i ng ln/xung trc

j1t j 2 t
tip, hai tc ca sng mang con v1 ve v v 2 ve
c p dng vi u vo ca b iu ch quang I/Q. V mc ch
n gin ha, chng ta ch a ra cc phn tch hiu nng phi tuyn
i vi m hnh chuyn i . Tn hiu quang u ra ca b iu ch
quang I/Q l:

VI VDC
E( t ) A cos exp( jLD1t j LD1 )
2 V
(3.1)
VQ VDC
A cos exp( jLD1t j LD1 )
2 V 2

Vi A khng i. Tt c cc hng s s c b qua trong phn ny.

Min quang E(t) c th hin dng phc tp- mt dng chung
trong min in t- nhng min in nn c xem nh phn thc
ca E(t). VI v VQ l phn thc l phn o ca RF a tn hiu ti
mi MZM, biu din theo:

V1 v cos1t cos2 t ,
VQ v sin 1t sin 2 t
VDC l in th dch DC ca b iu ch; V l in th chuyn
dch na sng; v LD1 / LD1 l tn s/ pha ca my pht.
 14

3.2.5. M t im dch khng cho cc h thng CO-OFDM

3.2.6. S tch sng coherent i vi chuyn i ng xung tuyn
tnh v s hn ch nhiu
Nh hnh 3.4, tch sng coherent s dng mt s lai ghp quang
90 vi 6 cng v hai b tch sng hnh nh cn bng (vi 4
photodiode). Mc ch chnh ca tch sng coherent l khi phc
tuyn tnh cc thnh phn I v Q ca tn hiu u vo, v kh
nhiu hoc loi b nhiu mode. S dng lai ghp 90 vi 6 cng
i vi tch tn hiu v phn tch tn hiu thc hin trong min RF
v ng dng ca n vi cc h thng quang coherent sng mang n
c th c tm thy Ly-Gagnon v Savory[6]. minh chng
nguyn l lm vic ca n chng ta thc hin phn tch chuyn i
lung xung qua tch sng coherent gi s iu kin l tng i vi
mi thnh phn trong hnh 3.4.

Hnh 3.4. Tch sng coherent s dng mt b tch photo cn

bng v lai ghp quang
Mc ch ca 4 cng ra ca lai ghp quang 90 l to ra
mt s thay i pha 90 i vi cc thnh phn I v Q, v thay i
pha 180 i vi tch sng cn bng.
 15

3.2.7. nhy b thu i vi CO-OFDM

3.3. OFDM quang tch sng trc tip
3.3.1. DDO-OFDM c nh x tuyn tnh
Nh hnh 3.4 ph quang ca tn hiu LM-DDO-OFDM ti
u ra ca b pht O-OFDM l mt n sao tuyn tnh ca ph RF
OFDM cng vi mt sng mang quang thng l 50% nng lng
tng.

Hnh 3.5. Minh ha LM-DDO-OFDM vi ph OFDM quang l

tng t vi ph OFDM di c s
3.3.1.1. SSB-OFDM b
OFDM b c xut bi Lowery [9].Chng ch ra rng DDO-
OFDM c th gim s s phn cc nhiu ln ti 5000km si SSMF.
N c chng minh bi Schmidt t cng nhm i vi truyn dn
400km 20Gb/s. Hnh 3.6 ch ra h thng dc xut ca OFDM
b trong m phng ca chng. H thng c gi lp l 10Gb/s vi
iu ch 4-QAM vi bng thng xp x 5GHz. Trong b pht OFDM
in, tn hiu OFDM c chuyn i ng ln sang sng mang
7.5 GHz, to mt di OFDM khong cch t 5 ti 10GHz. Tn hiu
RF OFDM c a vo mt b iu ch quang. Ph quang u ra
c hai di OFDM bin i xng qua sng mang con chnh.
3.3.1.2. SSB-OFDM quang bng tn c s
SSB-OFDM quang bng tn s c xut bi Hewitt[16]
pht trin hiu sut ph quang v in. Thit lp b pht l ging vi
 16

hnh 3.6. S khc nhau l i vi SSB-OFDM bng tn c s, khng

c nhu cu i vi chuyn i tn s RF. i vi SSB-OFDM bng
tn c s, ch di pha dng c s dng v sng mang con DC c
mt tham s ln phc v nh sng mang con chnh. Hnh 3.9 cho
thy ph quang ca SSB-OFDM quang bng tn c s. Nh chng ta
phn tch trong cng thc (3.3.1), cch tip cn ny c gii hn bi
s phi tuyn iu kin hai.

Hnh 3.9. Ph quang ca SSB-OFDM quang bng tn c s

3.3.1.3. Tn hiu RF kt hp vi OFDM
3.3.1.4. SSB-OFDM o
3.3.2 DDO-OFDM c nh x phi tuyn
Lp th hai ca DDO-OFDM l OFDM c nh x phi tuyn
(NLM-DDO-OFDM), n ngh l khng c vic nh x tuyn tnh
gia trng in t (OFDM di c s) v trng quang. Thay vo
 17

, NLM-DD-OFDM c xu hng thc hin nh x tuyn tnh gia

OFDM di c s v cng quang. n gin ha, chng ta gi
s NLM-DDO-OFDM s dng iu ch trc tip ca mt laser DFB;
3.3.2.1 OFDM tng thch
Tng t VSSB-OFDM, SSB-OFDM tng thch c xut
bi Schuster t c hiu qu ph cao hn SSB-OFDM b.
tng bn cnh CompSSB-OFDM l ng dng tn hiu OFDM
i vi cng tn hiu. B qua chuyn i tn s ng ln i
vi sng mang quang chnh, tn hiu CompSSB-OFDM quang E(t)
c biu din nh sau:

E(t) a(t)e j(t ) (3.37)

Vi a(t) l mt bn sao ca tn hiu OFDM gi tr thc. Tn hiu
OFDM gi tr thc a(t) b ct b trnh khng r rng. (t) trong
cng thc (3.37) l khng c lp v ph thuc vo a(t)
3.3.2.2 OFDM i vi vic gim thiu xuyn nhiu a ng trong
si a mode
Vo nm 2001, Dixon xut d dng OFDM gim xuyn
nhiu a ng trong si a mode. Mc tiu ca vic ny l
nghin cu tnh linh hot ca vic s dng si a mode. Nhn thy
rng ngoi ra i vi kh nng ca n gim thiu mi trng a
ng chn lc tn s trong min khng dy RF, OFDM c th
chng li vic chn lc tn s ca mt si a mode phn cc. H
cng kt lun rng cc tc vt qu 100Mb/s qua knh si a
mode l c th so vi 20-30Mb/s s dng iu ch ASK thng
thng.
3.3.2.3 OFDM i vi ng dng si n mode short-haul
 18

3.4 M phng h thng OFDM quang ng di.

phn ny ta s a ra kt qu m phng ca h thng OFDM
Long-Haul bng phn mm Virtual Photonics Integrated (VPI), phn
mm dng thit k cc h thng thng tin quang. Cc chng trnh
OFDM coder v decoder c vit bi phn mm Matlab.
Sau y l s m phng ca h thng OFDM quang tch sng
trc tip (DD) vi ng truyn 1000km si quang.

Hnh 3.23. S m phng h thng OFDM quang ng di.

Sau y l thng s c s dng cho m phng ny:
Tc bt mc nh: 109b/s
Ca s thi gian: 8*1024/ Tc bt mc nh (s)
Tc ly mu: 4* Tc bt mc nh/s
S bt cho mi k hiu QAM: 2
S sng mang con: 64
Tn s sng mang: 7,5GHz
Tn s tham chiu: 193,1THz + tn s sng mang.
Ph ca tn hiu quang c ly ra ngay sau lin kt si
quang, trc khi tn hiu c tch bi photodiode.
 19

Hnh 3.24. Ph tn hiu quang trc khi c tch sng bi

photodiode.
3.5. Kt lun chng 3
Chng ny a ra hai h thng thng tin quang l OFDM
quang tch sng kt hp (OFDM quang coherent) v OFDM tch
sng trc tip. Vic phn loi ny da k thut tch sng mang
quang b thu. OFDM quang coherent c u im l tng nhy
my thu. K thut OFDM tch sng trc tip c nhc im l nhiu
to ra t b tch sng quang, b tin khuch i, nhy ca tch
sng trc tip thp. Tuy nhin, so vi cc b tch sng quang trc
tip th tch kt hp phc tp hn. cui chng cng a
ra kt qu m phng ca h thng OFDM quang ng di s dng
tch sng trc tip, phn code ca m ha OFDM c a vo phn
ph lc.
 20

KT LUNV KIN NGH

Do nhu truyn thng tc cao ngy cng tng, cc ng dng
ni dung ngy cng pht trin i hi h tng vin thng phi pht
trin khng ngng p ng nhng nhu cu . Nh chng ta
bit k thut OFDM tng thch vi nhiu ng dng, khng ch pht
trin trn mng v tuyn n cn thch ng vi h thng truyn ti
quang gip tit kim bng thng, tng tc truyn dn.
OFDM quang l mt lnh vc nghin cu nhanh chng pht trin
si ng trong truyn thng quang. Tht l th v rng l khi
nim truyn thng tin tin nht v l thuyt v iu ch, m ha,
tip nhn, v dung lng knh ang c p dng trong min quang,
nh thc hin trong min v tuyn, nhng vi s khc bit chnh
l cc tn hiu c x l mt tc cao hn nhiu c th ln 1 Tb
/ s. y l thch thc to ln v c hi trong lnh vc in t tc
cao v lng t nh sng. Cc tng nghin cu v pht trin s c
kt qu ng k trong lnh vc OFDM quang:
1. Truyn dn tc Tb/s c nghin cu vi OTDM. V
CO-OFDM c kh nng c th cung cp mt la chn y ha hn
i vi truyn dn Ethernet tc 1 Tb/s thc thi qua kin trc ba
lp ghp quang in.
2 . Cc mng quang truyn thng ch h tr tc d liu lin
kt c nhtrong sut thi gian hot ng. K thut OFDM, cung cp
nhiu chc nng thun li cho mng t ng cu hnh li trong tng
lai, chng hn nh tc knh thch nghi vi iu kin knh.
3. OFDMA tr thnh mt k thut truy cp a ngi dng hp
dn, trong tp hp con ca sng mang con c gn cho ngi
dng c nhn. OFDMA cho php linh hot trong vic phn chia trong
min thi gian v tn s. Ngoi ra, OFDMA c th l cu ni gia
 21

mng khng dy v mng truy nhp quang thng qua h thng RoF.
OFDMA cng c chng minh l mt phng php tip cn y
ha hn trong vic qun l ti nguyn cho PONs.
4. Trong thi gian qua s pht trin mnh m ca x l tn hiu
s, kh nng tch hp k thut s, RF, cc thnh phn quang vo mt
vi mch silicon c th thc hin bn chc nng chnh ca mt thit b
thu pht OFDM quang.
5. Cc tiu chun v OFDM phi c chun ha pht trin
trong ngnh cng nghip truyn thng. Khi chng ta mun trin khai
mt dch v vin thng th yu t th trng l yu t quan trng,
trc tin chng ta phi tm hiu nhu cu ngi dng, gi c dch v,
h tng mng c p ng khng, yu t lch s,
Cng ngh ghp knh phn chia theo tn s trc giao trong
truyn dn quang l mt cng ngh hin i cho truyn thng tng
lai.Trong lun vn ca mnh, em m t nhng vn lin quan
n OFDM quang, bt u t cng thc ton hc c bn thng qua
qu trnh x l tn hiu OFDM v m ha i vi OFDM, ti cc ng
dng khc nhau, v d nh truyn dn si n mode v si a mode,
nhng mng truy nhp quang c th l OFDM quang coherent v
OFDM quang tch sng trc tip. Lun vn cng cung cp cc vn
c bn ca truyn dn quang, xuyn nhiu knh v cc ngun
nhiu. Trong lun vn cng a ra kt qu m phng h thng
OFDM quang long-haul s dng tch sng trc tip.
Kin ngh nghin cu tip theo: Thit k trin khai h thng
OFDM quang cho Vin thng Vit Nam.