City Development Plan, Raipur City Municipal Infrastructure

4 MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE

4.1 INTRODUCTION
Affordable, abundant and clean water is essential for human well-being. There are clear
linkages between access to potable water and health, nutrition levels and subsequently
education achievement, labor productivity and economic growth. Water and sanitation have
usually been treated as public services, supplied to users for a fee and requiring
government subsidies justified on social and environmental grounds. Municipal or state-
owned utilities are often inefficient, overregulated, and unable to supply even the formal
sector with adequate services. Subsidies through tax transfers and foreign aid/borrowing
are becoming more difficult to secure.

The growing population, as well as the economic development, experienced in Raipur over
recent years has led to growing pressure on the environment. Economic pressure and
demographic growth are concentrated in medium-sized and large cities whose authorities
face the challenging of increasing and improving the provision of services.

In the case of Raipur city, there is an inadequate water supply distribution network.
Maintenance of the roads is in an awful condition and some of the roads are in a permanent
state of disrepair. The city also suffers from water pollution from untreated sewerage that
contaminates both the surface water and the groundwater due to the prevalence of poorly
constructed pit latrines.

Most of the infrastructure problems, persisting in the city of Raipur, originate from the
central part of the city, which is designated as the core area by the Raipur development
plan. This area experiences the drawbacks related to the population congestion,
transportation, intensity of the activities and old infrastructure.

4.1.1 Basic services

Basic services are important to everyone’s survival and access to decent and standard life.
All the people in urban areas have at least basic services they need in an affordable
manner. There are large numbers of services that they provide, the most important of which
are:

Water supply
Sewerage and sanitation

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Municipal roads and storm water drainage

Solid Waste Management
Traffic and transportation

4.1.2 Minimum requirements

Minimum requirement for each service sector at 3 levels are as follows.

Table 4.1 - Basic services minimum requirements

LEVEL 1 LEVEL2 LEVEL 3

SERVICE TYPE
BASIC INTERMEDIATE FULL

Water Communal standpipes Yard taps, yard tanks In house water

(Sewage
Sanitation VIP Latrine Septic tanks Full water borne
collection/disposal
Roads Graded Gravel Paved/tarred & kerbs
Storm water
Earth lined open channel Open channel lined Piped systems
drainage
Solid Waste
Communal (Residents) Communal (Contractors) Kerbside
disposal

4.2 WATER SUPPLY

Raipur Municipal Corporation is responsible for supplying safe water to Raipur city. The
Public Health Engineering Department of Chhattisgarh under takes capital investments.
Raipur being capital city of Chhattisgarh should have adequate and safe water supply. The
present water supply is inadequate (110 lpcd), to meet the demand of the growing city
(considered population for 2005 is 866545), which is less as per UDPFI guidelines
(170lpcd). Map No: 4.1 shows water distribution network in Raipur

In 1976, the water supply scheme was augmented from 7.5 MGD to 10.5 MGD, which
includes construction of 3 MGD conventional type treatment plant, an intake well, 500KVA
transformer, raw water supply rising main of 500mm dia with 3 km length. In 1993 the water
supply scheme was sanctioned to increase the water supply capacity from 10.5 MGD to 28
MGD. This scheme is designed to cater the water supply need of 8.20 lakhs population at a
rate of 150 lpcd.

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4.2.1 METHOD OF THE CURRENT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

4.2.1.1 Source of water supply

The main sources of water to the city is
1 The Gangarel dam, which is built on the Mahanadi River
2 Kharun River
3 Ground water by tube wells
Both the Rivers mentioned above are the non perennial in this Region. River Kharun is
flowing near by the city where as Mahandi is flowing approximately 60 km away from the
city. Kharun River is supplying water to Raipur from a lean period. One small storage
Bhatagaon anicut has been created across the River Kharun and supplemented from
Ravishankar dam situated at Dhamtari.

The raw water from the Gangarel dam will be taken to the Anicut Ghughuwagaut and then
to the treatment plant at Rawanbhata from where the treated water is supplied. Out of total
67.5MLD from the Gangarel Dam, almost 13.5 MLD (20%) water is lost either due to
seepage, evaporation and illegal extraction by farmers.

4.2.1.2 Household Connections and Public taps

The total no .of households connections are about 42000 and 2000 connections are
concerned to commercial and industrial purposes. The city is provided with around 7000
public taps for the public use.

The city was provided with about 310 hand pumps, 300 power pumps and 800 public taps
in the slum areas. The level of coverage in slum areas is about 25%. Water is supplied for
three to four hours every day. The average per capita consumption of water is estimated as
110 lpcd, but in slum areas it is estimated as much lower.

4.2.1.3 Ground Water and Bore wells

The depth of the ground water table varies from 60-90m in the Raipur city. A bulk of water is
supplied to the city, i.e. around 18MLD in pre-monsoon and 22MLD in post monsoon
season through ground water sources. Out of the total supplied water to the city (76MLD),
about 22 MLD of ground water is being extracted and distributed with out any treatment.
The Municipal Corporation of Raipur has provided around 1400 tube wells through out the

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city for ground water extraction. During summer, the lowering of the ground water table
further reduces the supply by 3 MLD.

4.2.1.4 Distribution and Storage network

The transmission mains carry water from the source to the water treatment plant and
subsequently to the reservoirs. For convenience the distribution network is divided in to 8
zones in RMC and each zone is having a reservoir and from that reservoir water will be
pumped to distribution system by the existing pipeline network. The total storage capacity
available within the municipal limits is 90 MLD comprising of various ground level and
elevated service reservoirs. The present storage capacity is inadequate for the quantity of
water supply available for providing as well as planning for continuous water supply. The
total length of the distribution system is 363 Km, comprising of pipes with diameter ranging
from 75 mm to 700 mm of different materials.

4.2.1.5 Water Quality

The quality of water for drinking purposes is an important aspect in the provision of this
service. It is observed that the raw water, which is carried by pumping mains from the
source, is quite suitable for domestic as well as industrial and other needs. But due to some
illegal extractions, leakages in the pipelines, solid waste disposal near water bodies and
other liquid wastes are causing serious effects to the people.

4.2.1.6 Service area of the present water supply system

At present the Raipur Municipal Corporation area is 55 sq.km and as per notification order
no.2957/1/90/33 (1), this limit was extended to approximately 143 sq.km area, including 26
villages and Raipur Municipal Corporation is responsible to provide the water supply for this
total area.

At present, approximately 65% of the total area of the city is covered by pipeline distribution
and the rest is covered by hand pumps (34.25%) and some uncovered areas (4.37%) are
being supplied through tankers in the summer time. In the old town area the coverage is
about 85%. Industries in the city limits have developed ground water supply for own use.

Even though the present water supply was augmented but there are still many poor
localities that are not supplied with piped water such as Raipura, Batagaon, Changora bata,
Matpurana, Hamlidih, Fandhar, Labhandi, Khamhardih, Mowa, Dubey colony, Kapa, Saddu,

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WRS Colony, Gondwana, Kamtharai(Part), Bhanpuri, Gogaon, Sandhongari, Kota, Jarwai,

Athari, Sarona, chandini dih, thati bund, kabir nagar, herapur, Ravi shankar sukla university
area.

Table 4.2:- Zone wise coverage of existing water supply system

Coverage Through
Zone No Wards/Areas Pipe Hand Remarks
Tankers
Line Pumps
In the summer period water will
be supplied by tankers for…..
Yathiyathanlal ward,
1 10 wards 63% 33% 8% Banjarimatha ward and
Takkarbapa ward
Veerangana Avanthi bhai ward,
Rajiv Gandhi ward, Mahathma
2 8 wards 70% 35% 10% Gandhi ward, Dr. Bheemrav
Ambedkar Nagar and
Khushabhau Takare ward
3 8 wards 67% 30% 6% Pandit Ravi Shankar Sukla Ward
4 10 wards 71% 28% 1% Shaheed Pankaj Vikram Ward
5 8 wards 77.50% 22.50% -
6 10 wards 61% 39% 3% Mukheswara Rao Ghade ward
Ramsagar Para ward, Brahmana
7 8 wards 86% 14% 1%
para ward
Veer Sawarkar ward, Shaheed
8 8 wards 22.50% 72.50% 6.30%
Bhaghath Singh ward
Average
Total 70 wards 64.75% 34.25% 4.37%
coverage

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4.2.2 SUPPLY & DEMAND

The existing water supply arrangements were designed to meet water demand of 8 lakhs
population with a capacity of 127MLD at a rate of 110 lpcd, where the demand of water in
the city is around 170MLD (170 lpcd). Thus, there is a shortage of around 60MLD of water.
Due to increase in population and growth of the city existing water system is becoming
more and more inadequate day by day. Apart from this, extended municipal limits of the city
that included some newly developed areas are not having their own protected water supply.

4.2.2.1 Water Supply Standards

The following Tables show the actual requirement of water supply per capita in urban areas.
I. As per National Building Code (NBC) and Indian Standards

Table 4.3 - Water supply standards as per National Building Code (NBC) and Indian
Standards
WATER REQUIRED
SL NO PURPOSE
(LPCD)
1 Drinking 5
2 Cooking 10
3 Ablution 10
4 Cleaning utensils and Houses 10
5 Washing clothes 25
6 Flushing water closets 45
7 Bathing 30
8 Public Purposes 35
TOTAL 170
Source: Water supply standards as per National Building Code (NBC) and Indian Standards

II. Norms laid by UDPFI

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Table 4.4 - Water supply norms as per UDPFI Guidelines (for Domestic Supply)

Small Medium Large Cities &

Cities Cities Metros (>10 lakhs)
(<50000) (>50000-100000)

135 LPCD(can be
1. Absolute minimum 70 LPCD 40-100 LPCD
reduced to 70 LPCD)

2. Desirable 100 LPCD 135-150 LPCD 150-200 LPCD

Note: Water supply standards as per the norms UDPFI Guide lines

Table 4.5- Estimated Supply & Demand

Estimated Existing Supply Total Demand Deficiency
Sl. No Year
Population (MLD) (MLD) (MLD)
1 2006-07 896711 76 152.44 76.44
2 2007-08 927927 76 157.75 81.75
3 2008-09 960230 76 163.24 87.24
4 2009-10 993658 76 168.92 92.92
5 2010-11 1028249 76 174.80 98.80
6 2011-12 1064045 76 180.89 104.89
7 2012-13 1101086 76 187.18 111.18

The following chart shows the demand and supply of water for 7 years

Estimated Demand & Deficiency in Water Supply (MLD)

200.00

150.00

100.00

50.00

0.00
2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

Total Demand Deficiency

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4.2.3 FINANCIAL STATUS OF WATER SUPPLY IN RMC

4.2.3.1 Components of cost in supply
Fixed cost
Fixed costs are mainly concerned with borrowed money from the financial institutions for
implementation of the project. The mode of debt servicing or repayment depends on the
financing pattern of the financial institutions.
The fixed costs contains mainly:
The repayment of principal amount borrowed.
The repayment of interest on borrowed capital.

Variable cost
Variable cost concerns mainly operation and maintenance cost of the system and also a
sinking fund for the replacement of the future replacement of the system. This cost includes:
Administrative expenses such as salaries and wages.
Repairs and maintenance charges.
Chemicals and consumables
Electricity charges.
Deprecation charges.

4.2.3.2 Present Expenditure and Income on Water Supply

The RMC is responsible for a significant portfolio of fixed (land, buildings, equipment,
fixture) and perpetual (right of way and easements, pipe collection and distribution network
and water treatment facilities) assets in its delivery of public infrastructure services.

Providing sufficient drinking water to the citizens is one of the prime responsibilities of the
local body. However it is seen that tax collected towards this service does not match with
the expenditure incurred for provision of the facility. The following table shows the
expenditure and revenue receipts towards water supply over a period of 4 years of Raipur
Water Supply and Sewerage. It is evident from the table that expenditure is more than the
tax collected for water supply during that year. However it is seen that people do not
appreciate this service and value the facility they are getting is almost free of cost. One way
of reducing the burden of Municipal Corporation and increase the sense of responsibility is
to increase the rate water tax.

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Table 4.6:-Finances of City-Level Water Supply and Sewerage (RMC)

Expenditure (Rs. In Lakhs)

Maintenance of Administra Income

Staff
Year Power Chemicals Water supply & tion & Total
Cost
Sewer System others
2001-02 102.41 100.70 8.53 116.07 13.65 341.37 309.77
2002-03 103.90 102.16 8.66 117.75 13.85 346.32 290.86
2003-04 134.38 132.14 11.20 152.29 17.92 447.92 260.6
2004-05 137.06 134.77 11.42 155.33 18.27 456.85 447.68

4.2.3.3 Current Sources of Revenue for water supply

Public sector water and sanitation utilities in developing countries historically covered only
about one-third of the costs of providing and sustaining their services. Cities have different
reasons for charging for water, including cost recovery, redistribution of income,
improvement of water allocation, and water conservation.

The existing tariff structure collected by the RMC is given below

Table: - 4.7 Existing Tariff Structure of RMC

Collecting Collecting
Sl.
Type of Connection Nos. Service Charge Initial Charges
No
(Rs.) (Rs.)
Domestic
1 42000 60/month 920/-
Connections
Commercial/Industrial
2 1800 150/- to 3000/- 1500/--3000/-
Connections
3 Public Taps 7600 - -

It can be observed from the above table, that the tariff rates which are being collected by
RMC is very are less as compared to the cost of supplying water from the source to houses.
Tariffs should not be discriminatory and should send a clear signal to consumers that
reducing consumption will reduce the bill. The main objective of tariff setting is to cover the
cost of the supplying water to make the water-supplying entity financially viable and to
ensure access of all groups to basic minimum need.

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4.2.3.4 Non Revenue Water

Non-Revenue water (NRW) due to commercial losses and physical losses in the system,
leads to loss of revenue. Non-revenue water accounts the supply of water for slum areas
through the tankers, public taps, for public purposes like fire station & horticulture and city
beautification, leakages in the distribution network and some illegal tap connection. Out of
total 67.5MLD from the source, almost 13.5 MLD (20%) water is lost either due to seepage,
evaporation and illegal extraction by farmers.

The main problems faced by the RMC are the Illegal tapping of water and difficulty in
collection of water bills from the slum people as well as others. To ensure regular payment
of bills and to detect illegal tapping of water periodical checking and monitoring is
necessary.

4.3 SEWERAGE AND SANITATION

4.3.1 SEWERAGE SYSTEM

4.3.1.1 Introduction
A sewerage system was implemented in 1992 and it covers about 25% area (27 wards out
of 57 wards) and administered by the Municipal Corporation of Raipur. Before 1992 PHE
department carried out cleaning of sewer lines, clearing of about 1000 manholes,
overhauling motors, transformers and other equipment at the cost of Rs 43 lakhs out of a
Rs 90 lakhs grant given by the state Govt. The system consisted collector lines, pumping
stations no 5 and a sewerage treatment plant. Subsequently it was handed over to Raipur
Municipal Corporation. For sometime mainlines collected sewerage from open drains and
five APS were operated but with high electricity dues, power supply to APS was withdrawn.
Power supplies to pumping stations have been disconnected due to failure of payment of
electricity bills amounting to about Rs. 1 crores.

4.3.1.2 EXISTING SEWERAGE SYSTEM

4.3.1.2.1 Network Coverage
The sewerage generated in the city is around 60 MLD. As the underground drainage
scheme is not completed, the wastewater generated in the city does not get any secondary
treatment. Even the surface drainage system is not fully presented in the city. The drains
which are present; carry the sewage into the water bodies present in the locality or into the
nallahs /canals which drains the effluent into the river Kharun north of the city.

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The sewerage system is existed only in the core area of Raipur city and covers only 25% of
the municipal area. This system is overloaded due to the growth of population and the
development of economic activities in the core area. However, in out the suburban areas, is
not covered by safe sanitation facilities due to lack of well-established sewerage system.

The areas at present, which are not served by sewerage system, include old city area
served by conservancy system/individual septic tank. Some areas are having their own
community septic tanks with their effluent discharging in to the open sullage drain ultimately
joining the natural drainage. The present system of disposal using water as a medium of
transport through sewage pipes to the city outfall involves huge cost and resources.

Table 4.8:- Present situation of UGD system in Raipur

Sl. Components Municipal area Sub Urban
No (Core Area) Area
1 Network Coverage 25% -
2 Access to Sewerage 10 % -
3 Access to Surface Drains 45% 30%
4 Total Quantity Generated 100MLD -
5 Capacity of Treatment
- -
Plants
6 Treatment & Disposal - -
7 Recycling / Reuse
- -

4.3.1.2.2 Sewer Distribution Network

The existing sewage network was not covered the entire city, it is having on some main
roads and internal roads which are situated in and around commercial areas. At present the
total sewer lines length in Raipur city is 55.97 km to an extent of 970 km road length. Areas
having sewer lines are Gudhiyari in Nethaji kanhailal Bajari Ward, Ramana Mandir Area,
Shankar Nagar area in Shankar nagar and Gurugovind Singh wards, Irrigation colony and
Indravathi colonies in Bhahadur Shasthri Ward, main roads in Bhagavathi charan sukla
ward, Shalendra nagar main road in Aravind Dixit ward, main roads in Sadar Bazar ward,
Swamy Vivekananda Ward and Babu Gagjeevan ram Wards.

Apart from the sewerage system, the city is not having, proper drainage system which is
essential service of the city. With the result no drains, the waste water which comes from

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Moudha para area is over flowing towards the adjacent road. Many of roads are not having
even open drains and existing drains which are covered in some areas are demolished and
blocking with garbage and other road waste.

4.3.1.2.3 Sewage Treatment Plants

Collection and disposal of sewage from living areas and urban waste from manufacturing
areas is essential to maintain healthy living conditions in the city. Sewerage project for
different areas in Raipur is in progress, which was prepared by PHE Dept. It envisaged
construction of 5 pumping stations at (1) Tikarapara (2) Khokhopara (3) Khamatari (4)
Birgaon (5) Daladal Siwani. These five pumping stations have already been constructed.
The project also provided for construction of 7 oxidation ponds, 4 at Rawabhata and 3 at
Daladalseoni. All these seven oxidation ponds have been completed and these are to be
inadequate for the growing population in and around the city.

4.3.1.3 ESTIMATED WASTE WATER GENERATION

The quantity of wastewater is
Estimated Waste Water Generation (MLD)
calculated mainly based upon the
160.00
actual supply of water by the 140.00
120.00
municipal corporation. It is calculated 100.00
80.00
that the total waste water generation
60.00
40.00
by the end of 2013 is approximately
20.00
140 MLD, considered 75% of the total 0.00
2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
water supply. The year wise water
Estim ated Waste Water
supply and sewerage generations are
shown in given table: 4.9

Table 4.9:- Year wise waste water generation in RMC

Estimated Projected Sewerage @ 75%
year Population Water Supply to the total water supply
(MLD) (MLD)
2006-07 896711 152.44 114.33
2007-08 927927 157.75 118.31
2008-09 960230 163.24 122.43
2009-10 993658 168.92 126.69
2010-11 1028249 174.80 131.10
2011-12 1064045 180.89 135.67
2012-13 1101086 187.18 140.39

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4.3.1.4 KEY ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

Lack of sewerage system

Raipur city do not have proper underground sewerage and sewage disposal system.
The conservancy system of sanitation, in other words, the rudimentary method of
manual collection and disposal of night soil in trenching grounds still prevails in the
city. The effluent, which is left out from the existing drains, is causing further
deterioration of the environment of the city.
Lack of proper drainage system
Apart from the sewerage system, the city is not having, proper drainage system
which is essential service of the city. With the result no drains, the waste water
which comes from Moudha para area is over flowing towards the adjacent road.

Lack of maintenance
Even though some areas are having proper drainage system, they are enduring by
the poor maintenance of the local authority. The drains are completely obstructed
with the garbage and roadside waste.

The sewerage systems never became functional, as household connections never got linked
to sewerage network. RMC could not give additional sewer connection as expected, as users
were not ready to spend Rs. 4000-5000 for getting connection.
Lack of sewerage treatment facilities resulting in discharge of untreated sewage into water
bodies.
No comprehensive sewerage quality studies
Data regarding Sewerage network is not available in the RMC
Lack of effective communication strategy
Polluting water bodies by mixing the sewerage with in the in the vicinity of water bodies and
nallhs.
Inadequate and inefficient public toilets

4.4 STORM WATER DRAINAGE

4.4.1 EXISTING SCENARIO

Drainage system of the area plays an important role in carrying out storm, rainwater.
Topography of the land in planning area of Raipur is flat in character except some elevated
lands in Rawabhatta. Tikrapara and Mathupurena with a general slope of land towards

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North-West above ridge on which, the alignment of GE road divides the city into two natural
drainage basins.

Currently, storm water drains in the city are constructed and maintained by the Raipur
Municipal Corporation and respective ULBs. The drainage system in Raipur comprises of a
hierarchy of natural and man-made drains and water bodies that ultimately discharge
surface run-off into River Kharun. Numerous lakes and nallahs constituted in the major
storm water drainage system in the City. The nallahs are the major carriers of storm water
finally disposing into the river and water bodies in the catchments.

4.4.1.1 Main River and Drains

Mahanandi is the primary river of the region. The important tributaries of this river are Pairi,
Sheonath and Jonk. River Kharun, which flows 8 km to the west of Raipur, is a tributary of
river Sheonath. The bed of the river is rocky with sufficient water for a greater part of the
year. The river Kharun has been dammed at Mahadeoghat to provide water supply to the
city. The chokra nallah along with other smaller nallahs drains the water into Kharun down
stream. During floods the area near the river banks are flooded and the old road bridge on
National highway is submerged.

The rainwater mainly flows through the nallahs towards northern side of the city. Some
rainwater is also drained though small nallahs towards south-west direction of the relatively
plain plateau on which the city is situated and also owing to difficulty of providing continuous
storm water drains in certain localities. Some low lying localities face the problem of water-
logging during rainy season. Since river Kharun is little away from the main habitation, the
city does not face the problem of floods except some village inhabitants of Chandini Dih and
Raipura.
Map No: 3. showing the storm water Drainage basins of Raipur

4.4.2 Key Issues and Challenges

Some of the key reasons for problems and challenges to be faced for perfect storm water
drainage system in Raipur city are,
Lack of Awareness
Low Coverage
Low Capacity
Water logging problems
Lack of integrated drainage plan
Encroachments
Resulting in flooding and inundation

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4.5 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

4.5.1 SOURCES & QUANTITY OF SOLID WASTE GENERATED

The main sources of waste in Raipur city are individual houses, slums, commercial
establishments, vegetable markets, road sweepings, hospitals and industries.

A) Sources of Solid Waste

a) Municipal Solid Wastes

The “Municipal Solid Waste” includes commercial and residential wastes generated in
municipal or notified areas in either solid or semi-solid form excluding industrial hazardous
wastes but including treated bio-medical wastes.

Domestic Waste: Daily it comes from 1,14,819 (2001 census) houses in Raipur city
consisting of household waste, kitchen, house cleaning, old papers, packing, bottles,
crockery wares, furnishing materials, garden trimmings, etc.

Trade & Commercial Waste: In Raipur city Daily it comes from 12,624 units of
business premises, shops, offices, markets, departmental stores (paper, packing
material, spoiled/discarded goods), organic, inorganic, chemically reactive and
hazardous waste.

Institutional Waste: Schools, colleges, hospitals, large hotels and restaurants,

markets selling vegetables, fruits, meat, fish, wastes from slaughter houses, food
packaging industries, cold storage units etc., community halls, religious places, etc.
The city is having 400 educational institutions (schools, colleges, etc.) and 420
hotels (restaurants, lodge and guest houses) and 500 hospitals (poly clinics,
dispensaries, general hospitals, etc.)

Street Sweeping: The city is having 970 km of road length. The main sources of
this waste are unconcerned throwing, litter by pedestrian and vehicular traffic, stray
animals, roadside tree leaves, rubbish from drain cleansing, debris, etc.

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Debris or Construction rejects: Frequent digging of roads by various utilities

comprising earth, brickbats, stones, wooden logs etc, generates from contemn
activities.

b) Industrial waste or Hazardous waste

Industrial Waste: Manufacturing and material processing trade generated waste.

Around the Raipur city and planning area there are no major industries available and
around 1700 small and medium scale industries are available. Industrial waste may
contain hazardous wastes and it may be toxic to humans, animals, and plants; are
corrosive, highly inflammable, or explosive. These industrial waste shall be treated
at “Treatment , Storage and Disposal Facility ( TSDF)” separately.

c) Hospital waste

At present in Raipur city there are 500 hospitals (including dispensaries, polyclinics, etc.)
existed within the city. It has been roughly estimated that of the 4 kg of waste generated in a
hospital at least 1 kg would be infected. These are in the form of disposable syringes,
swabs, bandages, body fluids, human excreta, etc. This waste is highly infectious and can
be a serious threat to human health if not managed in a scientific and discriminate manner.

B) Quantity of Solid Waste

As indicated in the above chapters, Raipur has a population of 8,96,711 (2006), and the
corporation generates about 393 TPD of MSW at a rate of 500 gms/ head-day (Out of the
entire solid waste bio degradable waste has been occupying 42% of total waste and rest of
the waste have been characterized like inert and recyclables 48% and 10% respectively).
Out of the entire generated waste 70% of waste will come from households and rest of the
waste comes from different sources like hotels, hospitals, commercial establishments,
markets, etc.

4.5.2 PRESENT PRACTICES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

4.5.2.1 Storage and Collection

At present Raipur do not practice segregation at source as a whole. Some wards are having
door-to-door collection system and waste being collected into the tricycle. From the tricycle
it will be disposed into the nearest community ring bins. They disposed it into two or more
successive bins and each household pays Rs 10-20/- per month. Even though the wastes

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are segregated at source, it again gets mixed at storage point, defying the purpose of
segregation.

It was observed that the people were thrown the waste into vacant sites, open spaces
though community bins were in close proximity. Due to this, waste was strewn outside the
bin, and when there was wind and rains, the wastes got dispersed, creating nuisance and
unhygienic conditions. These wastes are also choking the drains, creating stagnant
conditions for the proliferation of mosquitoes.

4.5.2.2 Transportation
After collecting the waste from different areas & from different sources it is being
transported with tractors/dumpers to the dumping site. Dumper placers (5), tippers (5) and
tractor-trailers (14) are mainly used for transportation of waste. The tractors are deployed to
collect the wastes from the main roads and other major roads and in the cross roads of
markets and commercial areas. The narrow lanes and slums were cleared for every three to
four days by the tractors. Transportation involves, movement of vehicles to various
temporary storage points, manual loading of wastes using baskets and other lifting tools,
lifting of wastes from open yards on the way to the disposal site and transportation to
disposal site. The following table shows, existing municipal equipments for solid waste
management.
4.5.2.2.1 Infrastructure details
Table 4.10: existing infrastructure details - Raipur
S. No Description Number

No. of Dustbins (R.C.C) 300

Storage
No. of Dustbins (Metal) 250
Tricycles 100
Collection Wheel barrows 250
Loaders 5
Tractors 4
Transportation Tippers 5
Skip Loaders 5
Source: Raipur Municipal Corporation
4.5.2.3 Disposal/Treatment
The Raipur municipal corporation has one Dumpsite of Methuen, which is 4 kms away
from the city. The approach road is 3.0 kms (B.T) and the remaining 0.5 kms is metal road.
The road passes via the Dhamtari ring road. The surrounding land is of black soil. It is
observed that some part of waste is being dumped at roadsides and low lying areas and
the balance waste reaches the designated dumpsite. Currently there is no specific way of

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treatment is being adopted except for screens. There are several options available for the
treatment and/or disposal of solid waste. Local body has given contract to one private
body to treat the waste. They are screening the fine particle from entire mixed waste and
it’s selling as compost (manure, Rs.90/50kg) to the nearby communities.

Almost ninety percent of waste generated at Raipur city (350 TPD) is being dumped by the
municipal corporation. But no segregation is practiced. However recovery is seen. The rag
pickers retrieve metal wastes, plastic wastes like bottles, cement bags from the rubble.
They scavenge through the entire heaps of waste. In the process the wastes undergo
mixing and turning leading to faster decomposition. These retrieved materials are sold to
recycling units. A part of the waste is also burnt to reduce volume and obnoxious odour.
The important parameters of solid waste at Raipur city is given in below table.

4.5.2.4 Bio-Medical Waste Management

There are 500 hospitals are existed within the Raipur city. At present the bio medical waste
from the hospitals are being sent to bio medical treatment plant at industrial area for
treatment. Unless, Raipur city have integrated bio- medical waste treatment facilities there
will be possibility to get mixed bio medical waste with municipal solid waste. At present the
Bio-medical waste is being treated at Raipur Industrial Area.

4.5.2.5 Key Issues and Challenges

No organized system for collection, transportation and disposal of domestic and

other city solid wastes.
Lack of adequate equipment for collection and disposal of solid waste
Inadequate solid waste disposal ground
Orthodox and unhealthy disposal method
Lack of source recovery mechanisms/systems

4.6 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION

4.6.1 IMPORTANCE OF THE CITY

Capital of Chhattisgarh state and playing a vital role in the economy of the state/region.
Since ancient times the city plays a predominant role in the trade and commerce of the
region.

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City Development Plan, Raipur City Municipal Infrastructure

• Connected by effective transportation network.

• Connected by effective network of irrigation projects.
• It serves as administrative center for Chhattisgarh state.
• It is a nerve center of regional trade and commerce and industrial center.
• There is a good prospect of establishment of Engineering, Chemical and Agro based
industries
• It is one of the timber marketing centers.
• It is a principal educational center of higher studies.
• It serves as a medical and health center for region.

4.6.2 CURRENT SITUATION

Raipur, the capital of Chhattisgarh is now emerging as an important commercial – cum –

industrial center of the state.

Raipur city is linked by all modes of transportation viz. road, rail and air.

• The NH-6 connects it with Kolkatta, Bombay and NH-43 to Jagdalpur and
Vishakapatnam and NH-200 to Bilaspur.
• The city is served by Broad-Gauge line and conveniently connected with the large
cities of Bombay, Calcutta and Vishakapatnam. A Narrow Gauge line passing
through the city connects Raipur with Dhamtari.
• It is also served by air services connecting Chennai, Vizag, Bubaneswar, Bombay
and Delhi.
• Regular long distance bus services are available for Ambikapur, Bhopal, Nagpur,
Jabalpur, and Sambalpur etc.

4.6.2.1 Raipur Road Network

The available lengths of the different kind of Roads in the Raipur Municipal Corporation
limits are shown in the following Table No 4.11

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Table 4.11 Lengths of the existing roads under Raipur Municipal Corporation

Sl. Pucca Roads

Length
Year Remarks
Non- of Roads
No WBM BT CC Total Motarable Total
Motorable
1. 31.05.00 20.90 305.40 147.83 474.13 24.20 82.37 106.57 580.70
2 31.05.01 19.50 308.70 156.53 484.73 19.40 76.57 95.97 580.70
3 31.05.02 27.90 317.90 161.23 507.03 10.40 63.27 73.67 580.70
4 31.05.03 21.30 325.80 166.63 513.73 6.40 60.57 66.97 580.70
Old Raipur
580.70
City
Developm
156.66 ent of New
31.05.04 26.90 335.80 180.95 543.65 93.65 332.10 425.75
5 colonies
Integration
232.04 of 26
villages
Total 26.90 335.80 180.95 543.65 93.65 332.10 425.75 969.40
6 31.05.05 25.40 342.00 202.45 569.85 79.90 319.65 399.55 969.40

Source: Raipur Municipal Corporation, Raipur

Lengths of roads by Type

Length of Roads by Type

400
The table reveals that the
300
Length

Road network is developing in

in Km

200

100
accordance with the physical

0 developments of the City.

20

20

20

20

20

20
00

01

02

03

04

05

Year
WBM BT CC

4.6.2.2 Pedestrian Sub Ways

Because of the mixed traffic such as cars, auto rickshaws, rickshaws, cycles, it has become
increasingly difficult for the pedestrians to cross the roads particularly in the center of the
city. Hence it is proposed to construct two pedestrian sub ways 1. At Shasthry Chowk, 2. At
Jaisthambh Chowk.

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City Development Plan, Raipur City Municipal Infrastructure

4.6.2.3 Ring Roads

As per the development plan, the circulation plan (Map No 3.5) regarding road networks
and inner and outer ring roads are examined. The ring road No 1 and 2 are implemented.
But the primary (P) ring road 1 and 2 are not implemented. With the result there is a heavy
truck traffic creating traffic problems.

4.6.2.4 Junction Improvement

Similarly the intersections, roundabouts or traffic signals at these ring roads are not
developed. These ring roads No 1and 2 so far developed are not to the specific standards.
So far road widening schemes are taken up as per the suggestions of the development
plan. The following intersections both with in the city and on ring roads which are

Suggested for Junction improvement and Traffic signal development are:

1. Subhash Chowk
2. Railway station Chowk
3. Fafadih Chowk
4. KK Road up to Triangular Road intersection
5. Rajbhandha Maiden Junction
6. Jail Road Junction
7. Shastri Chowk
8. Ravi Shankar Shukla Road Junction
9. Nalghar Chowk
10. Aadivashi Hostel Junction
11. Sardar Patel Road Crossing Malviya Road Junction
12. Budeswar Mandir Chowk
13. Purani BAsthi Thana Road intersection
14. Kankali para Marg
15. Ghore Chowk
16. Rathore Chowk
17. Lalitha Chowk
18. Rajendra Chowk
19. Jaystambh Chowk
20. Sharada Chowk
21. Nagar Gadi Chowk
22. Tatibandh Junction
23. Telibandha Junction

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City Development Plan, Raipur City Municipal Infrastructure

Out of the above all chowks, the following junctions have to be taken for junction
improvement;

1. Tatibandha Junction ( Junction of Ring Roads No.1 &2 and GE Road)

2. Telibanda Junction ( Junction of Ring Road No.1 and GE Road)
3. Pachperi Naka Junction ( Junction of Ring Road No.1 and NH -43)
4. Bhanpuri Junction ( Junction of Ring Road No.2 and Bilaspur Road (NH-200))
5. Sharada Chowk (Junction of MG Road and GE Road)
6. Jaystambh Chowk (Junction of Malviya Road and GE Road)
7. Shastri Chowk (Junction of Jail Road and GE Road)

4.6.2.5 Grade Separated Crossings (Over Bridges)

Raipur city is having broad gauge line namely Bombay-Howra, Raipur -Waltare, which acts
as a physical barrier for development on the northern side of the city. In order to link the
development on either side of the railway line grade separated crossings (Over bridges and
under passes) are suggested, and those four locations are,

1. Dumar Talab bypass railway line

2. Bilaspur road bypass railway line
3. Telghani Naka
4. Ring road No 1 near Tati Bandh

Out of four locations Telghani Naka and Ring Road No.1 near Tati Bandh are implemented.

As per the development plan 2011 it is proposed to develop the following over bridges.

1. Near Sanskrit college main railway line

2. Near Khamtarai on Bilaspur road
3. On Bhaloda bazaar road near Kapa -Woltare line

4.6.2.6 Transport Nagars

The plan also suggests development of Transport Nagars to ease the traffic congestion.
Locations of Transport Nagars are proposed at the following places.

1. Expansion Of Tatibandh Transport Nagar

2. Development of new transport Nagar at Rawan Bhata
3. On Dhamtari Road near Dunda village

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City Development Plan, Raipur City Municipal Infrastructure

For this purpose a small area has been acquired to an extent of about 5 acres in the
outskirts of the city and minimum infrastructure is provided. But it is felt by the truck
operators that it is not satisfactorily developed.

An area of about 100 acres near Rawabhata village on Bilaspur road is in possession of
Raipur Development Authority (RDA), and the same area is being taken up for development
of Transport Nagar.

The Transport Nagar Scheme constitutes the following components with the common
utilities at a cost of Rs.15 Crores.
Table 4.12 Details of Proposed Transport Nagar at Rawabhata

Sl.No Description Nos. of Plots

1 Ware Houses 252
2 Forwarding agent 86
3 Shops 240
4 Work Shops 74
5 Automobile shops 62
6 Small Shops 131
7 Weigh Bridge 02
8 Repair Shops 37
9 Body building shops 08
10 Dhaba 07
11 Restaurant 01
12 Insurance Agent 24
13 Office/Admn/P.O 12
14 Bank 01
15 Petrol Pump 02
16 Fire Station 01
17 Police Station 01
18 Toilet/Sulabh 02
19 Hotel 01
20 Cold Storage 03
Total 946

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City Development Plan, Raipur City Municipal Infrastructure

4.6.2.7 Bus/Truck Terminals

a. Urban Transport

Urban Transportation plays a vital role in the economic development of the City. Raipur, the
state capital of Chhattisgarh is emerging as a fast growing city with increasing commuters.
The present capacity of the city roads, parking spaces and Bus stands are not in a
sustainable position for the future demand of the city.

b. Bus Stand

The existing Bus Stand at Pandri is being congested with improper parking lots making the
commuters to stand on the road to catch the buses. And also the Buses helpers stand on
road to call the passengers out of competition among the Bus agencies. With all these the
effective carriage way of the road became in-sufficient for the thorough traffic.

In the Long Term Plan it is proposed to expand and maintain the existing Bus stand to cater
the increasing number of Buses and Passengers with an out lay of Rs.2 Cr. And two well
maintained Sulbh complexes are also proposed under this scheme for the convenience of
the passengers and commuters.

c. Auto Stands and Cycle Rickshaws Stand

There is no well organized public transport system in Raipur City. Most of the people use
Auto Rickshaws or Cycle Rickshaws depend on the distance of travel for the transportation.
As the City’s rapid growth these Autos and Rickshaws are also increasing rapidly. There is
a need for the development of proper Stands for the Autos and Cycle rickshaws. An amount
of Rs. 1 Cr is proposed for the development of these Auto Stands and Cycle Rickshaw
Stands on the Arterial and sub-arterial roads of the Raipur City.

d. Commercial Complex with multilevel parking

A well organized Commercial centre with Multi Level Parking is proposed with an
approximate estimated cost of 2 crores in the Central Area and the same is detailed in the
Core Area Chapter.

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City Development Plan, Raipur City Municipal Infrastructure

e. Widening/Improvement/Construction of Arterial Roads

As per the Development plan 2011 of Raipur, Ring Road No.3, Ring Road No.4, Arterial
Roads and sub-arterial roads are proposed for construction during the plan period. A Road
connecting the two proposed ring roads is also proposed to avoid the truck traffic flow
between Bilaspur and Mahasamundh Road coming to the city.

4.6.2.8 Public Transport System

There is no organized public transportation system present in Raipur. Most of the public
transportation is through two wheelers, auto rickshaws, Cycle rickshaws and private mini
buses. Due to the multi modal transportation of the public, there are traffic congestions on
all the major arterial and sub arterial roads. This will lead to the pollution of the environment.

4.6.2.9 Parking
At present central area of the city needs efficient off street parking spaces at various
places particularly in business area which is creating congestion. No of vehicles are
increasing in the city. Parking of vehicles particularly cars along main roads are creating
traffic problems. Increasing industrial, commercial, activity in and around the city work
canters has resulted stray parking along required roads and major streets.
Parking proposals as indicated in RDP 1991 are again reviewed in RDP 2011 and the
following places are proposed for parking.

1. Near industrial area on Bilaspur road at suitable places

2. Near Gunj mandi at Pandri
3. Near bus stand
4. Near all planning unit shopping canters

A well-organized Commercial centre with Multi Level Parking is proposed in the Central
Area and the same is detailed in the Core Area Chapter.

Map No: 4. Showing existing circulation Patten or Raipur

4.6.3 KEY ISSUES

The city road network lacks a functional hierarchy
The central area has congested road network and the more traffic
The absence of adequate geometry at intersections further adds to the traffic problems in the
city.
The city roads lack the maintenance
On street parking problem, especially in the core area

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