Sample exam Clinical

1. Amino acids are linked to the next amino acid in the sequence of a protein by which of the
following bonds?
a. hydrogen
b. ester
c. glycosidic
d. peptide

2. What is apoptosis?
a. Cell division
b. Programmed cell death
c. Cell replication
d. Random cell death

3. If the eyepiece lens on your microscope magnifies 10x and the objective lens is set at a
magnification of 40x , what is the total magnification of the is image you are viewing?
a. 4x
b. 400x
c. 40x
d. 4000x

4. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) is used:

a. For assisted hatching
b. To remove cumulus cells from oocytes in order to assess nuclear maturity for
intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
c. To immobilize sperm cells to be used for ICSI
d. As an intracellular cryoprotectant

5. Giant oocyte with two polar bodies:

a. Was supported with too much proteins from granulosa cells
b. Usually contains extra set of chromosomes
c. Developed by the union of two metaphase II oocytes
d. Results monozygotic twins after fertilization

6. Which of following is a valid principle of ice formation?

a. Embryos must be stored at temperatures low enough to allow ice crystals to form
b. Increasing permeability of the cell membrane will prevent ice crystal formation
c. Removing most of the water from the embryo will prevent ice formation
d. Removing too little water will result in increased solute concentration and cell
damage
7. An example of an extracellular (non-permeating) cryoprotectant is:
a. Sucrose
b. Glycerol
c. Propanediol
d. Dimethylsulphoxide

8. Advantages to vitrification include:

a. Rapid cooling/warming rates
b. Requires no programmable freezer
c. Shortened exposure to cryoprotectants compared to slow cooling
d. All of the above

9. Most cases of Downs syndrome are due to:

a. Non-disjunction in oocyte first meiotic division
b. Non-disjunction in spermatocyte first meiotic division
c. Non-disjunction in oocyte second meiotic division
d. Non-disjunction in spermatocyte second meiotic division

10. Regarding Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD):

a. Single gene disorders can only be detected using FISH
b. Blastomere biopsy can be done on day 0,1,2,3 and 5
c. Biopsy of more than one cell can damage the embryo
d. A minimum of 5 chromosomes should be visualised when screening for a sex-linked
disorder

11. The EUTCD:

a. Applies only to units that store gametes
b. Applies to units that store gametes and embryos
c. Applies only to units that store ovarian and testicular tissue
d. Applies to units that handle fresh and frozen gametes, embryos and gonadal tissue

12. What aspect of laboratory operations monitors equipment and processes to ensure that
the laboratory is functioning properly on a day to day basis?
a. Documentation
b. Quality improvement
c. Quality control
d. Quality assurance

13. Successful implantation of the fetus is an example of

a. Acquired tolerance
b. Immunological tolerance
c. Passive immunity
d. Transplantation

14. An animal that carries a foreign gene that has been deliberately inserted into its genome
using recombinant DNA technology is referred to as:
a. Clone
b. Knock-out
c. Transgenic
d. None of the above
15. Embryonic stem cells
a. Are derived from trophectoderm
b. Cannot differentiate spontaneously to beating cardiac muscle cells
c. Can differentiate spontaneously to neural cells
d. The marker TGF alpha is used to identify pluripotency

16. During early embryogenesis, the neural plate (primitive nervous system)
a. Is formed from the mesodermal layer
b. Is one of the first structures to develop
c. Is laid down approximately 10 days after ovulation
d. Is laid down three weeks after ovulation

17. After release of the oocyte from its follicle, the structure remaining in the ovary is known
as:
a. An empty follicle
b. A corpus hemorrhagicum
c. A corpus luteum
d. A corpus albicans

18. Gonadotropin hormones are synthesized in the

a. hypothalamus
b. posterior pituitary
c. anterior pituitary
d. gonads

19. Immotile sperm is a feature of

a. Kartageners syndrome
b. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
c. Kallmans syndrome
d. Disorders involving mitochondrial DNA deletions

20. The term for sperm lacking an acrosomal cap is:

a. globozoospermia
b. globalzoospermia
c. acrozoospermia
d. acapzoospermia