Electrical Q&A Part-1: Understanding Electrical Components & Systems

8/6/2017 Electrical Q&A Part-1 | Electrical Notes & Articles
Electrical Notes & Articles
Sharing Abstracts,Notes on various Electrical Engineering Topics.
Electrical Q&A Part-1
1) Why ELCB cannot work if Neutral input of ELCB does not connect to ground?
ELCB is used to detect earth leakage fault. Once the phase and neutral are connected in an ELCB, the
current will ow through phase and that same current will have to return neutral so resultant current
is zero.
Once there is a ground fault in the load side, current from phase will directly pass through earth and
it will not return through neutral through ELCB. That means once side current is going and not
returning and hence because of this dierence in current ELCB will trip and it will safe guard the
other circuits from faulty loads. If the neutral is not grounded fault current will denitely high and
that full fault current will come back through ELCB, and there will be no dierence in current.
2) What is the dierence between MCB & MCCB, Where it can be used?
MCB is miniature circuit breaker which is thermal operated and use for short circuit protection in
small current rating circuit.
Normally it is used where normal current is less than 100A.
MCCB moulded case circuit breaker and is thermal operated for over load current and magnetic
operation for instant trip in short circuit condition. Under voltage and under frequency may be
inbuilt.
Normally it is used where normal current is more than 100A.
3) Why in a three pin plug the earth pin is thicker and longer than the other pins?
It depends upon R=L/A where area (A) is inversely proportional to resistance (R), so if area (A)
increases, R decreases & if R is less the leakage current will take low resistance path so the earth pin
should be thicker. It is longer because the The First to make the connection and last to disconnect
should be earth Pin. This assures Safety for the person who uses the electrical instrument.
4) Why Delta Star Transformers are used for Lighting Loads?
For lighting loads, neutral conductor is must and hence the secondary must be star winding and this
lighting load is always unbalanced in all three phases.
To minimize the current unbalance in the primary we use delta winding in the primary So delta / star
transformer is used for lighting loads.
5) What are the advantages of star-delta starter with induction motor?
The main advantage of using the star delta starter is reduction of current during the starting of the
motor. Starting current is reduced to 3-4 times of current of Direct online starting Hence the starting
current is reduced , the voltage drops during the starting of motor in systems are reduced.
https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/electrical-qa/electrical-qa-part-1/ 1/44
current is reduced , the voltage drops during the starting of motor in systems are reduced.
6) What is meant by regenerative braking?
When the supply is cut o for a running motor, it still continue running due to inertia. In order to
stop it quickly we place a load (resistor) across the armature winding and the motor should have
maintained continuous eld supply so that back e.m.f voltage is made to apply across the resistor
and due to load the motor stops quickly. This type of breaking is called as Regenerative Breaking.
7) When voltage increases then current also increases then why we need of over voltage relay and
over current relay? Can we measure over voltage and over current by measuring current only?
No. We cannot sense the over voltage by just measuring the current only because the current
increases not only for over voltages but also for under voltage (As most of the loads are non-linear in
nature).So, the over voltage protection & over current protection are completely dierent.
Over voltage relay meant for sensing over voltages & protect the system from insulation break down
and ring. Over current relay meant for sensing any internal short circuit, over load condition, earth
fault thereby reducing the system failure & risk of re. So, for a be er protection of the system. It
should have both over voltage & over current relay.
8) If one lamp connects between two phases it will glow or not?
If the voltage between the two phases is equal to the lamp voltage then the lamp will glow.
When the voltage dierence is big it will damage the lamp and when the dierence is smaller the
lamp will glow depending on the type of lamp.
9) What are HRC fuses and where it is used?
HRC stand for high rupturing capacity fuse and it is used in distribution system for electrical
transformers
10) Mention the methods for starting an induction motor?
The dierent methods of starting an induction motor

DOL:direct online starter
Star delta starter
Auto transformer starter
Resistance starter
Series reactor starter
11) What is the dierence between earth resistance and earth electrode resistance?
Only one of the terminals is evident in the earth resistance. In order to nd the second terminal we
should recourse to its denition:
Earth Resistance is the resistance existing between the electrically accessible part of a buried electrode
and another point of the earth, which is far away.
The resistance of the electrode has the following components:
(A) the resistance of the metal and that of the connection to it.
(B) The contact resistance of the surrounding earth to the electrode.
12) Why most of analog o/p devices having o/p range 4 to 20 mA and not 0 to 20 mA?
4-20 mA is a standard range used to indicate

https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/electrical-qa/electrical-qa-part-1/ measured values for any process. The reason that 4ma2/44
is
4-20 mA is a standard range used to indicate measured values for any process. The reason that 4ma is
chosen instead of 0 mA is for fail safe operation.
For example: A pressure instrument gives output 4mA to indicate 0 psi up to 20 mA to indicate 100
psi or full scale. Due to any problem in instrument (i.e) broken wire, its output reduces to 0 mA. So if
range is 0-20 mA then we can dierentiate whether it is due to broken wire or due to 0 psi.
13) Two bulbs of 100w and 40w respectively connected in series across a 230v supply which bulb will
glow bright and why?
Since two bulbs are in series they will get equal amount of electrical current but as the supply voltage
is constant across the Bulb (P=V^2/R).So the resistance of 40W bulb is greater and voltage across 40W
is more (V=IR) so 40W bulb will glow brighter.
14) What happen if we give 220 volts dc supply to bulb or tube light?
Bulbs or devices for AC are designed to operate such that it oers high impedance to AC supply.
Normally they have low resistance. When DC supply is applied, due to low resistance, the current
through lamp would be so high that it may damage the bulb element
15) What is meant by knee point voltage?
Knee point voltage is calculated for electrical Current transformers and is very important factor to
choose a CT. It is the voltage at which a CT gets saturated.
16) What is reverse power relay?
Reverse Power ow relay are used in generating stations protection.

A generating station is supposed to feed power to the grid and in case generating units are o, there
is no generation in the plant then plant may take power from grid. To stop the ow of power from
grid to generator we use reverse power relay.
17) What will happen if DC supply is given on the primary of a transformer?
Mainly transformer has high inductance and low resistance. In case of DC supply there is no
inductance, only resistance will act in the electrical circuit. So high electrical current will ow
through primary side of the transformer. So for this reason coil and insulation will burn out
When AC current ow to primary winding it induced alternating ux which also link to secondary
winding so secondary current ow in secondary winding according to primary current.Secondary
current also induced emf (Back emf) in secondary winding which oppose induced emf of primary
winding and thus control primary current also.
If DC current apply to Primary winding than alternating ux is not produced so no secondary emf
induced in secondary winding so primary current may goes high and burn transformer winding.
18) Dierent between megger and contact resistance meter?
Megger used to measure cable resistance, conductor continuity, phase identication where as contact
resistance meter used to measure low resistance like relays, contactors.
19) When we connect the capacitor bank in series?
We connect capacitor bank in series to improve

https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/electrical-qa/electrical-qa-part-1/ the voltage prole at the load end in transmission 3/44
We connect capacitor bank in series to improve the voltage prole at the load end in transmission
line there is considerable voltage drop along the transmission line due to impedance of the line. so in
order to bring the voltage at the load terminals within its limits i.e (+ or %6 )of the rated terminal
voltage the capacitor bank is used in series
20) What is Diversity factor in electrical installations?
Diversity factor is the ratio of the sum of the individual maximum demands of the various
subdivisions of a system, or part of a system, to the maximum demand of the whole system, or part
of the system, under consideration. Diversity factor is usually more than one.
21) Why humming sound occurred in HT transmission line?
This sound is coming due to ionization (breakdown of air into charged particles) of air around
transmission conductor. This eect is called as Corona eect, and it is considered as power loss.
22) Why frequency is 50 hz only & why should we maintain the frequency constant?
We can have the frequency at any frequency we like, but then we must also make our own motors,
transformers or any other equipment we want to use.
We maintain the frequency at 50 Hz or 60hz because the world maintains a standard at 50 /60hz and
the equipments are made to operate at these frequency.
23) If we give 2334 A, 540V on Primary side of 1.125 MVA step up transformer, then what will be the
Secondary Current, If Secondary Voltage=11 KV?
As we know the Voltage & current relation for transformer-V1/V2 = I2/I1

We Know, VI= 540 V; V2=11KV or 11000 V; I1= 2334 Amps.
By pu ing these value on Relation-
540/11000= I2/2334
So,I2 = 114.5 Amps
24) What are the points to be considered for MCB (miniature circuit breaker selection)?
I(L)x1.25=I(MAX) maximum current. Mcb specication is done on maximum current ow in circuit.
25) How can we start-up the 40w tube light with 230v AC/DC without using any choke/Coil?
It is possible by means of Electronic choke. Otherwise its not possible to ionize the particles in tube.
Light, with normal voltage.
26) What is pu in electrical engineering?
Pu stands for per unit and this will be used in power system single line diagram there it is like a huge
electrical circuit with no of components (generators, transformers, loads) with dierent ratings (in
MVA and KV). To bring all the ratings into common platform we use pu concept in which, in general
largest MVA and KV ratings of the component is considered as base values, then all other component
ratings will get back into this basis. Those values are called as pu values. (p.u=actual value/base
value).
27) Why link is provided in neutral of an ac circuit and fuse in phase of ac circuit?
Link is provided at a Neutral common point

https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/electrical-qa/electrical-qa-part-1/ in the circuit from which various connections are taken4/44
Link is provided at a Neutral common point in the circuit from which various connections are taken
for the individual control circuit and so it is given in a link form to withstand high Amps.
But in the case of Fuse in the Phase of AC circuit it is designed such that the fuse rating is calculated
for the particular circuit (i.e load) only. So if any malfunction happens the fuse connected in the
particular control circuit alone will blow o.
If Fuse is provided in Neutral and if it is blowout and at the same time Supply is on than due to open
or break Neutral Voltage is increase and equipment may be damage.
28) If 200w, 100 w and 60 w lamps connected in series with 230V AC , which lamp glow brighter?
Each lamp voltage rating is 230V.
Each bulb when independently working will have currents (W/V= I)

For 200 Wa Bulb current (I200) =200/230=0.8696 A
Resistance of each bulb lament is (V/I = R)
For 200 Wa Bulb R200= 230/0.8696= 264.5 ohms
For 100 Wa Bulb R100= 230/0.4348 = 528.98 ohms and
For 60 Wa Bulb R60= 230/0.2609=881.6 ohms respectively
Now, when in series, current owing in all bulbs will be same. The energy released will be I2R
Thus, light output will be highest where resistance is highest. Thus, 60 wa bulb will be brightest.
The 60W lamp as it has highest resistance & minimum current requirement.
Highest voltage drop across it X I [which is common for all lamps] =s highest power.
Note to remember:
Lowest power-lamp has highest element resistance.
And highest resistance will drop highest voltage drop across it in a Series circuit
And highest resistance in a parallel circuit will pass minimum current through it. So minimum
power dissipated across it as min current X equal Voltage across =s min power dissipation
29) How to check Capacitor with use of Multi meter.
Most troubles with Capacitors either open or short.

An ohmmeter (multi meter) is good enough. A shorted Capacitor will clearly show very low
resistance. A open Capacitor will not show any movement on ohmmeter.
A good capacitor will show low resistance initially, and resistance gradually increases. This shows
that Capacitor is not bad. By shorting the two ends of Capacitor (charged by ohmmeter) momentarily
can give a weak spark. To know the value and other parameters, you need be er instruments
30) What is the dierence between Electronic regulator and ordinary rheostat regulator for fans?
The dierence between the electronic and ordinary regulator is that in electronic regulator power
losses are less because as we decrease the speed the electronic regulator give the power needed for
that particular speed .But in case of ordinary rheostat type regulator the power wastage is same for
every speed and no power is saved. In electronic regulator triac is employed for speed control. by
varying the ring angle speed is controlled but in rheostat control resistance is decreased by steps to
achieve speed control.
31) What will happen when power factor is leading in distribution of power?
If there is high power factor, i.e if the power factor is close to one:
Losses in form of heat will be reduced,
Losses in form of heat will be reduced,

Cable becomes less bulky and easy to carry, and very cheap to aord.
It also reduces over heating of transformers.
32) What the main dierence between UPS & inverter?
Uninterrupted power supply is mainly use for short time. Means according to ups VA it gives
backup. Ups is also two types: on line and oine. Online ups having high volt and amp for long time
backup with high dc voltage. But ups start with 12v dc with 7 amps. but inverter is start with
12v,24,dc to 36v dc and 120amp to 180amp ba ery with long time backup
33) Which type of A.C motor is used in the fan?
It is Single Phase induction motor which mostly squirrel cage rotor and are capacitor start capacitor
run.
34) What is the dierence between synchronous generator and asynchronous generator?
In simple, synchronous generator supplies both active and reactive power but asynchronous
generator (induction generator) supplys only active power and observe reactive power for
magnetizing. This type of generators is used in windmills.
35) What is the Polarization index value?
Its ratio between insulation resistance (IR)i.e meager value for 10min to insulation resistance for 1
min. It ranges from 5-7 for new motors & normally for motor to be in good condition it should be
Greater than 2.5 .
36) What is Automatic Voltage regulator (AVR)?
AVR is an abbreviation for Automatic Voltage Regulator.

It is important part in Synchronous Generators; it controls the output voltage of the generator by
controlling its excitation current. Thus it can control the output Reactive Power of the Generator.
37) Dierence between a four point starter and three point starters?
The shunt connection in four point starter is provided separately from the line where as in three
point starter it is connected with line which is the drawback in three point starter
38) What happens if we connect a capacitor to a generator load?
Connecting a capacitor across a generator always improves power factor, but it will help depends up
on the engine capacity of the alternator, otherwise the alternator will be over loaded due to the extra
wa s consumed due to the improvement on pf.
Dont connect a capacitor across an alternator while it is picking up or without any other load
39) Why the capacitors work on ac only?
Generally capacitor gives innite resistance to dc components (i.e., block the dc components). It
allows the ac components to pass through.
40) Why the up to dia 70mm live conductor, the

https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/electrical-qa/electrical-qa-part-1/ earth cable must be same size but above dia 70mm6/44
40) Why the up to dia 70mm live conductor, the earth cable must be same size but above dia 70mm
live conductor the earth conductor need to be only dia 70mm?
The current carrying capacity of a cable refers to it carrying a continuous load.

An earth cable normally carries no load, and under fault conditions will carry a signicant
instantaneous current but only for a short time most Regulations dene 0.1 to 5 sec before the fuse
or breaker trips. Its size therefore is dened by dierent calculating parameters.
The magnitude of earth fault current depends on:
(a) the external earth loop impedance of the installation (i.e. beyond the supply terminals)
(b) the impedance of the active conductor in fault
(c) the impedance of the earth cable.
i.e. Fault current = voltage / a + b + c
Now when the active conductor (b) is small, its impedance is much more than (a), so the earth (c)
cable is sized to match. As the active conductor gets bigger, its impedance drops signicantly below
that of the external earth loop impedance (a); when It is quite large its impedance can be ignored. At
this point there is no merit in increasing the earth cable size
i.e. Fault current = voltage / a + c
(c) is also very small so the fault current peaks out.
The neutral conductor is a separate issue. It is dened as an active conductor and therefore must be
sized for continuous full load. In a 3-phase system,
If balanced, no neutral current ows. It used to be common practice to install reduced neutral
supplies, and cables are available with say half-size neutrals (remember a neutral is always necessary
to provide single phase voltages). However the increasing use of non-linear loads which produce
harmonics has made this practice dangerous, so for example the current in some standard require
full size neutrals. Indeed, in big UPS installations I install double neutrals and earths for this reason.
294 Responses to Electrical

Q&A
Part-1
debasish ghoshal says:

May 2, 2011 at 5:20 pm
I am unable to download the softwares from zuddu.com as everytimes it says that the verication
word is wrong although I am typing correctly every time. Please help.
Reply
eswar says:
May 31, 2011 at 8:27 am
Excellent boss .. thanks a lot applaud for your good work..
its very useful for electrical engineers.. once again thanks
Reply
ramana.d says:
April 26, 2013 at 5:11 am
most of the people afraid about electrical once go through your books question and answers
everybody feel we can learn.. thank you very much you ll condencein
me.
manoj says:
manoj says:
December 17, 2015 at 12:56 pm
Sir,
Most useful informations for all the electrical engineers and other,
i cants load electrical calculation excel sheets so,
sir r u sent all the maximum electrical calculation excel sheets
on
debasish ghoshal says:

May 2, 2011 at 5:21 pm
Plwease let me know how to download correctly.
Reply
Benadict Joshua says:
June 11, 2011 at 9:20 am
Sir I want to meet u I stay in bombay this is my contact number 8097440160 I have hunger for the
knowledge u have
Reply
jose v john says:
September 28, 2013 at 12:49 pm
Absalutely usefull to me.any time in the nger.I salute you sir
Reply
Mukesh kumar says:
November 14, 2015 at 12:40 pm
U r Mr. Mukesh kumar Friend
Reply
santosh says:
July 18, 2011 at 3:12 pm
good blog , informative
Reply
Jeelani says:
July 21, 2011 at 12:33 pm
Excellent Yaarsorry Sir Great collection.
Reply
Santhosh Sheety R says:
August 4, 2011 at 6:19 pm
thanks sirif possible up load electromagnetically protective relay
Reply
asha says:
August 9, 2011 at 9:58 am
Extremely good eort.It was really very helpful for mesir please i need ur help in ge ing the
answers for many more questions
Reply
asha says:
asha says:
August 9, 2011 at 10:02 am
Excellent workI am Asha.. I have lot of hunger for knowledge.. It would be very helpful for me in
future. Hats of to u sir..
Reply
asha says:
August 9, 2011 at 10:09 am
Sir please mail me (Asha) the protection required for the distribution transformer and also where
actually the fault occurs for which the protection is provided.It would be helpful if the complete
detail is shown through the SLD and also explained in detail Regards, Asha
Reply
kiran jamdhade says:
February 21, 2015 at 5:49 am
for distribution transformer (50+51+50n+51n) req. and buchholz trip,wdg temp high trip,oil temp
high trip,oil level low trip,mog trip
Reply
srinu says:
August 10, 2011 at 3:26 pm
superb work.its really very useful notes.thanks a lot
Reply
M P Singh says:
August 17, 2011 at 10:57 am
Sir
please sent me what is difrence of MCB, MCCB, RCCB, RCCBO whre are used
Reply
M P Singh says:
August 17, 2011 at 11:01 am
Sir
Please tel me what is impdence in Transformer how mutch impedence for 315 KVA Transformer and
how mutch transformer oil qty. required.
Reply
dhanraj.m says:
August 18, 2011 at 5:24 am
its really very useful..
Reply
K.Jothilingam says:
August 18, 2011 at 8:42 am
Most useful informations .thanks for the eort taken to make others to share part of ur knowledge
and experence
Reply
M P Singh says:
August 19, 2011 at 6:18 am
Sir
Sir
Please tel me how calculate short circuit current of Transformer, HT&LT Cable, MCCB & ACB
Reply
dhanraj says:
August 24, 2011 at 10:04 am
sir i want to know what is ieee standards for tan delta testing and ieee standards for sfra testing for
transformer testing
Reply
pankaj says:
August 26, 2011 at 1:16 pm
thanks sir, great job
Reply
kesavan says:
September 21, 2011 at 9:42 am
It is nice thing for all electrical peoples continue this job good for all
Reply
Devendra Chavan says:
October 19, 2011 at 4:04 pm
Whats the reason for locating HV capacitor banks in a separate bay outside substation building.
If specied in any standards please let me know.
Reply
kesavan says:
October 25, 2011 at 3:00 am
WHAT IS BACK EMF EXPLANE?
Reply
kesavan says:
HOW TO REDUCE THE BACK EMF?
Reply
guru bheem rao says:
October 25, 2011 at 10:27 am
why lightening arrestors ( surge arrestors ) xed for say 11kv transformer is rated for 10kv?
Reply
kids bedding says:
November 1, 2011 at 5:52 am
I am currently studying Electrical Engineering at McGill University, however, I needed to take a
computer class and because of that I now realize that I am really starting to enjoy programming. My
debate is now whether to switch to software engineering or to stick to electrical.
Note:
I dont mind electrical engineering.
I am really liking my programming class (JAVA).
It is my rst year.
It is my rst year.
It is very easy to switch between software, electrical (and computer also) engineering because they
are all in the same department (also especially since its my rst year).
My real problem here is that I hear people saying that an Electrical engineer has the opportunity to
do a Software engineers job, but not vice-versa.
Help is highly appreciated!
Reply
kishore says:
right decision in right time is important. it seems ur details u mentioned , u neither intrest in
computer . nor u dislikes d electrical.so i suggest u if u ri good in computer programing u shift
to computers nor u complete degree with present one and go software job.software allways
welcomes aweel programmer irrespective of their stream.
gud luck take a right decision of ur own.
Reply
Santosh Kumar says:
IT IS VERY USEFUL. FOR SPECIFIC USE..I WANT TO ASK ..
IF IN 33KV SUBSTATION, CT OF ONE PHASE IS BURNT THEN HOW THE POWER SUPPLY CAN
MAINTAIN IN EMERGENCY PROVIDED ALL EQUIPMENT SAFE?
Reply
oscar a.mendoza says:
very good source of technical information relative to electrical circuits..
can I have question? here it is..
what will happen to my power consumption if 2 of the 3 current transformers used in three phase
metering is PURPOSELY shorted, it is in eect using only one current transformer for the said 3
phase metering IS MY KWH CONSUMPTION REDUCED TO 1/3? WHY?
THANKS,
OSCAR A.,MENDOZA
Reply
Edward says:
Pls, i want 2 know d function of a feeder pillar and lighting kiosk for d operation of streetlights and
how to calculate the number of streetlights a 60kva generator can take.
Reply
Muhammad Aslam Bu says:
January 16, 2012 at 5:21 am
Reasons of high current in power transformer body ground wire ?
Reply
Muhammad Aslam Bu says:

Nice way of sharing technical knowledge. I liked it. Please keep it up & reply my above query
Reply
Ashlesha says:
Can a trasformer of 200 kvA & a DG set of 250 kvA be installed on a single platform? What is the
minimum distance to be maintained while installing?
Reply
Hemrajsinh D. Chudasama says:
January 19, 2012 at 5:00 pm
It is a good a empt to share knwoledge betn Engineers. I realy apriciate your knowledge of
Electrical Engineering . Very rare persons shares his knowledge with others But You are dierent
Boss!
Reply
vijay says:
February 1, 2012 at 11:40 pm
practically what amount of ux would be there in induction motors & transformer (or max ux
density)
Reply
Sandeep Kumar Pradhan says:
I really thankful to him who creat this page. This page not only for me but also for every electrical
student is very useful. I want more and more question with answer u share on this page.
Reply
vijay says:
ractically what amount of ux would be there in induction motors & transformer (or max ux
density)
Reply
raghu m says:
nice job sir..
Reply
vinay kumar says:
Sir,
Most useful informations for all the electrical engineers and other,
i cants load electrical calculation excel sheets so,
sir r u sent all the maximum electrical calculation excel sheets
on
E-mail: er_vinaykumar123@redimail.com
and..
Thanks
Thanks
Vinay kumar
09953036104
thanks sir, great job
Reply
Patel mitul says:
It imaginig collectonand really happy after read i know what is electrical.thanks
Reply
deepak jha says:
please provide the link of book for electrical equipment testing & commissioning.
thnx
Reply
Mahesh says:
Extrordinary gesture of knowledge sharing;Indeed benecial to many Engrs.
Thanks&Regards
mahesh
Reply
far_east says:
hello..i try to nd what answer function in electrical
Reply
Satyanarayana Murthy says:
March 8, 2012 at 10:08 am
We have 63 KVa transformer, Transformer out put is connected 3 * 7.5 HP ans 2*5 Hp water pump
Motors,
Same line we extended ( with 35 sq.mm Alu.conductor ) nearly 2000 meters. At this point we have
requirement of 3 * 5 Hp water pump motors.
Present problem is If we switch on all the three ( 3 * 5 HP ) extended line motors, motors are not
running, even near by motors stopped fully also.
That means we are loading the transformer with 3 * 5 HP motors (with distribution line is extended)
only. Please suggest us.
Can we connect capacitor bank at the end of distribution line or shall we put any other step up
transformenr ( nearly 15 to 20 Volts )
Reply
Jignesh.Parmar says:
March 13, 2012 at 2:38 pm
Please give data of Your Receiving end Voltage
https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/electrical-qa/electrical-qa-part-1/ before Starting Motors at Tail end and Voltage 13/44
Please give data of Your Receiving end Voltage before Starting Motors at Tail end and Voltage
after Starting Motors.
Need Data of Voltage Deep.Motor Starter.
Required to study Voltage Drop Calculation.
Reply
parameshwar says:
Dear Jignesh sir,Good Morning I am working as a electrical engineerI dont know how to
calculate the size of HT cable..I am requesting you to please give me the answer for my
question..
Please send me the answer to mail id: parameshvkr@gmail.com
I am expecting a positive reply from you..please send me the answer sir..
Click the Page of Electrical Tool of this Blog. Here You get sheet for Calculation Size of
LT/HT Cable.
ramachandaran says:
dear sir..
in generator we are giveing dc supply to eld from excitation system.
why we are not useing ac supply to the eld sir
suppose we connected to the eld with ac how will it work and its advantage and dis
advantage ? sir
Nagaraju says:
March 9, 2012 at 7:43 am
Give 2-phase motor power formula
Reply
OP KHATRI says:
March 23, 2012 at 2:02 pm
Its a very very supportive stu for electrical personal.
I treat this a BHAGWAT KATHA on behalf of them.
with profound regards,
O.P.KHATRI,Kota (Raj)
9414393194
Reply
neeraj says:
March 30, 2012 at 12:04 am
its awesome question and answers thanx of lot sir.
Reply
BASAVARAJ says:
March 31, 2012 at 4:27 pm
What is power factor,how to do it calculation

https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/electrical-qa/electrical-qa-part-1/ for capacitor banks and one capacitor failes what will14/44
What is power factor,how to do it calculation for capacitor banks and one capacitor failes what will
happen.
Reply
April 1, 2012 at 11:31 am
Download Excel Base Calculation sheet from Excel Tool Page.
Reply
venkat says:
March 22, 2017 at 1:25 pm
hello boss
Currently i am working in chemical company as an electrical engineer for last 10 months. For
my conrmation, I have to do an improvement project in my company. can you provide me
some ideas related on that.It will be useful.
Thank you
mynsiem says:
March 31, 2012 at 6:05 pm
how to know the cable size if suppose the carrying current is 400A???? is there any formula???
Reply
April 1, 2012 at 11:30 am
There is no any FORMULA but there is Thumb Rule for Remembering
For Cu Wire (<300 Sq.mm)=6X wire Size(Sq.mm)
Ex. For 2.5Sq.mm Cu wire capacity=6X2.5= Appro 13Amp. for 1Sq.mm Wire=6X1= 6Amp
For Cu Cable=4X Cable Size(Sq.mm)
Ex For 2.5Sq.mm Cu Cable capacity=4X2.5= Appro 10Amp
Reply
Wael Haddad says:
May 23, 2012 at 12:57 pm
First of all thanks for your reply, but Id like to add:
this is in general but for accurate calculation we must go back to cables manufacture catalogs,
taking inro account the derating factor for the site condition
Best Regards
jithin says:
July 30, 2012 at 2:39 pm
1mm dia conductor carry 4.25 amp then .23 amp conduct 1 amp,,,,, so 400 amp need 400*.23
amp = 92 mm= 9.2 cm dia conductor need to transmi 400 amp.. is it wright jignesh sir
July 30, 2012 at 2:48 pm
You can not do such type of Mathematical assumption You have to refer Cable Rating
Cataloger for that..
Transmission of Current (Amp) depend upon not only Size of Cable but mainly
=Distance
=Type of Load
=Type of Load
=Type of Medium (Air/Ground)
For instant memorization of Current Vs Size of cable I normally use one Thumb Rule (dont
apply above Math formula for this):
(1) For Cu Wire 6 Amp for each Sq.mm Example. 2.5 Sq.mm wire may carry 6X2.5=15 Amp
(2) For Cable 4 Amp for each Sq.mm Example: 2.5 Sq.mm Cable may carry 4X2.5=9 Amp
subasish says:
I would like to know what should be minimum IR reqmt for 11 kv motor ?
subasish
Bishnu says:
what is it for the aluminium cable..??
jithin says:
July 31, 2012 at 3:41 pm
sir mm2 means area na,,, if we want in guage? then how to calculate
Reply
DOUBT says:
April 9, 2012 at 4:06 pm
WHETHER LIGHTING TX SEC NEUTRAL SHALL BE EARTHED OR NOT
Reply
NIRBHAI SINGH SOHI says:
April 12, 2012 at 3:18 pm
WHAT SHOULD BE THE EARTH RESISTANCE OF 11 LINE H-POLE ?
Reply
April 16, 2012 at 4:04 pm
10 OHM
Reply
SHRINIVAS says:
sir I need ur contact information to clear mine some doubts.
if dont mind please give me ur phone number.
my email:-sv.jogdankar@gmail.com
my no.9p66754815
Shriram Sundaresan (@Shriram_Sundar) says:

April 16, 2012 at 1:43 pm
Yes it shoud be earthed. Else neutral point shall shaft and cause unbalance in supplies to the
repective phases, also leading to harmonics/ dips/ swells in the supply
Reply
Peeyoosh Varnwal says:
April 19, 2012 at 6:44 am
April 19, 2012 at 6:44 am

rerally nice collection
Reply
Ashish Chauhan says:
May 16, 2012 at 10:50 am
what is the dierence between capacitor and ba ery
Reply
j.k.raman says:
May 20, 2012 at 4:25 am
what is the formula when power factor is neglected when current ows from sub station to
destination station
Reply
Gilbert says:
May 20, 2012 at 10:17 am
Good work buddy,,,,,must read before going for interview
Reply
sandeep desai says:
May 24, 2012 at 4:53 pm
what is the impedance of transformer.?
Reply
HordHord says:
June 20, 2012 at 1:16 pm
Sir,
Please advise how to do the O/C se ing in the Main Switch Board.
Reply
Priti says:
June 25, 2012 at 11:48 am
Very nice collectionPls tell me from where i can get standards for Control Panels ?
Reply
Todimi Sreekanth says:
July 1, 2012 at 8:44 am
Thanks for sharing knowledge..
Reply
Saurabh says:
July 12, 2012 at 11:11 am
Excellent collection sir
Reply
sriramlaxman says:
July 16, 2012 at 10:45 am
boss you did a excellent job
Reply
manoj shah says:
Reply
manoj shah says:

July 22, 2012 at 8:08 am
fantastic collection
Reply
sunny says:
July 29, 2012 at 2:20 am
really nice collection sir
Reply
vamsi says:
August 10, 2012 at 5:52 pm
very useful collection for a electrical engineer, excellent work ..
Reply
lova rajesh says:
August 12, 2012 at 4:21 pm
can we operate a d.c machine at less than unity powerfactor?
Reply
ghanshyam says:
thanks sir i proud of you
Reply
jithin says:
interesting tip- 1 kg U235= 4500 TONS OF COAL
Reply
Sohel rana says:
This is a great collection of questions for electrical engineers. I want to study for sub station
design.Please sir give me a guideline to go ahead ..Thanks.
Reply
kulvinder Singh says:
what is dierent between ac &dc
Reply
eduard says:
nice and good
Reply
Muhammad Farooq says:
very informative. hats o!
Reply
vinay.k.s says:
Reply
vinay.k.s says:
nice and good
Reply
santosh says:
thank you so much
Reply
Renu says:
December 26, 2012 at 9:56 am
Please tell me the dierences b/w measuring & protection CTs ?
Reply
kiran jamdhade says:
dierence b/w protection and metering ct is their class, for metering generally use cl:0.2/0.5/1 and
for protection 5p10/5p20 the selection of that particular ct and for more details u must read
manufacturer book u will get correct ans.
Reply
janakiamankesavanr says:
making nice article,its very useful to all indian engineers
Reply
please explain p.i test of cable value?
Reply
vijay prabhu says:
Nice Blog & Very informative
Reply
What is a double tester?can you explain to me.
Reply
moorthykrishna says:
January 17, 2013 at 12:35 pm
hats up sir for sharing this.its realy useful for electical engineers.
Reply
habeeb says:
thank u so much for your contribution in Electrical

https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/electrical-qa/electrical-qa-part-1/ eld.we are gaining lots of knowledge through
19/44
thank u so much for your contribution in Electrical eld.we are gaining lots of knowledge through
your blog.
Reply
Farhan Haddadin says:
Great job, keep the good work up.
Reply
Vijay Kumar A says:
very very nice blog.. It is very useful for every electrical person to gain more knowledge
Reply
robin kumar. please help md to get notes. says:
electrical notes
Reply
aglourdu says:
i realy ennjay nd knws a lot with dis,,,is realy superb tanx
Reply
vasudevan says:
March 7, 2013 at 11:19 am
good. These q and a hols good for basic technical skills
Reply
ANWAR says:
March 13, 2013 at 11:21 am
IT IS VERY HELPFUL FOR ELECTRICAL KNOWLEDGE .THANKS
Reply
Vineet says:
March 22, 2013 at 6:28 am
Dear Sir,
Please provide in depth details of tan delta test on transformers, CT, CVT and cables.
If possible please provide basic to advance working concept of distance protection for transmission
line along with relay se ing example.
Reply
Raja says:
April 5, 2013 at 7:01 am
Thanks a lot Your blog helps a lot for a growing engineers like me Our credits goes to you sir
Reply
Vincent sibeko says:
May 13, 2013 at 7:27 pm
love the webpage
Reply
Reply
manikanta says:
June 7, 2013 at 3:37 am
its great collection to gain the subject and very usefulvery thanks
Reply
balu says:
June 13, 2013 at 11:38 am
sir please provide answer for this question. what happens if the secoundary winding of a 3phase step
down transformer is short circuted to ground and what be the current and voltage values
Reply
Preeti says:
July 1, 2013 at 12:57 am
Sir please tell me what would happen if two electrical sources are connected in series?
Reply
kanugula pradeep says:
July 8, 2013 at 7:17 am
hi.sir i got 1 dought that is the star connection we have the nutral point and retern path also available
but in delta connection how it possible plz reply
Reply
Harish Rawat says:
July 11, 2013 at 10:30 am
If we dont use fuse on neutral wire, Meter can burn ????
Reply
kanugulapradeep says:
July 15, 2013 at 4:25 am
i think that the fuse is safty perpas.shart ckt their is no fuse the meter must burn out in high fault
condition only
Reply
M.Tayyab says:
July 21, 2013 at 2:56 am
How we can increase our 220 volt up to 3000 as well as frequency from 60 Hz to 2500 Hz.
I need a detailed answer kindly help me by giving a suitable answer.
Reply
Naresh Ahlawat says:
July 25, 2013 at 9:57 am
Dear Sir,
when stepdown transformer 33KV into 230V input traminal in three R Y B and output traminal is
four R Y B N just time cennction of 4th wire
Reply
Muhammad Tayyab says:
July 30, 2013 at 7:28 am
how we increase the the frequency upto 3000 hz as well as voltages upto 2500
Reply
Reply
D H Gandhi says:
July 29, 2013 at 5:06 pm
What will happen if PVC strip falls on 3ph 11 insulated libe bus ?
Reply
July 29, 2013 at 5:54 pm
Just experiment and see what Happen..
I am here to share Technical knowledge only not for testing of my knowledge/Ability.
If PVC Material falls on PVC insulated Bus/Cable ..What Happen !!!!!
Ask question such that every one can gain knowledge rather than wasting of yours,mine and
readers Time..
Thanks ..
Reply
D H Gandhi says:
July 30, 2013 at 3:34 am
It is not wasting time , In our company it was occurred and found PVC strip burnt . WHY ?
Muthu says:
July 31, 2013 at 6:24 am
Nice Work.
Thank You Sir
Reply
yuny says:
What happen to the electricity in the rst socket when Live (L) cable from MCB is cut o? Explain it.
Reply
yuny says:
What happen to the electricity in the ring circuit if we use MCB with a lower current rating? Explain
it.
Reply
yuny says:
State the reason why we need to combine the two Live (L) cables into one MCB.
Reply
yuny says:
Give twi dierent between radial and ring circuit.
Reply
dinesh says:
i would like to learn to design electrical network

https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/electrical-qa/electrical-qa-part-1/ for high rise building. not like designing socket or22/44
i would like to learn to design electrical network for high rise building. not like designing socket or
switches and lighting. it should be design from db then mdb to Transformer , i searched google but i
could net get correct & easiest one. so kindly give any guide or Internet link for that designing
electrical network
Reply
aaakkkkk says:
August 14, 2013 at 1:20 pm
why we should increase power factor of a machine????(mostly asked in viva voice?
Reply
kushvendra says:
August 29, 2013 at 3:36 am
Dear sir,
4 pole 200A MCCB can take 200A current on each pole or it will take current all inclusive 200A.
Please clear the doubt.
Reply
Tripurari Singh says:
Sir i want to know what changes occure in 3phase distribution transformer no load loss after using it
2 to 3 years. Thanks
Reply
Manivannan says:
why neutral busbar size is same of the phase busbar size upto 200A ,Any Reasons kindly clarify my
doubt
Reply
PRABHAT KUMAR ROUT says:
Hai, dude you did a great job.The information you are collect is very useful to me. thanks keep it
up.
Reply
PRABHAT KUMAR ROUT says:
Dear sir, you did a great job.The information you are collect is very useful to me. thanks a lot.
Reply
Varatharajan.V says:
How to size the neutral cable of Distribution transformer. Transformer is 11/433V ang NGR is
330ohms, 750mA.
Reply
pervez says:
dear sir, why a three phase transformer ht/lt

https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/electrical-qa/electrical-qa-part-1/ coils burnt on no load 23/44
dear sir, why a three phase transformer ht/lt coils burnt on no load
Reply
kapil says:
Why we should disconnect the neutral if the load is fed through RCCB/ELCB ???
Reply
Not ge ing point
Reply
Manan says:
cant understand armature and eld winding
Reply
Praful says:
Very very good question and answer
Reply
Ramu says:
October 22, 2013 at 11:09 am
i need the answer for the following question.,
What happens when a phase has been cut o in a 3Phase transformer.will it supply three phase
supply or what happens(delta to star transformer)
Reply
Refer B.L.Theraja (Page 919 to 992) for more clarity
Reply
Stephen N Kimathi says:
I really like this.Please be inboxing me this kind o stu.Just a request.
Reply
amjad shakikh says:
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 4 POLE & TPN MCB ?
Reply
wait till three days..new post on next month will be on this topics.
Reply
Venkat says:

Great job ,I cant say single word for thanksafter that
Reply
Abhinav says:
tnkuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu sirrrrrrrrrrr
for this..
Reply
Misrak says:
what is minimium clerance distance b/n 132kv powerline and aircraft ight path on air?
Reply
lalit says:
Good Morning Sir, i prajapati from Surat. Can you give brief description calculating HT vs LT circuit
breaker current
countion. If supply is 11KV or 33KV and transformer can be 4to 5 mva..Expedite soon..thanks
Reply
iqbal says:
M.iqbal ,Pakistan, your work is very good for workers of power plant and electrical family.pl you are
increse the solutions of many other problums of turbo generator
thanks
Reply
Jatin Patel says:
What is the standard value of PI for Transformer??
Reply
eswar varma says:
Thanks & usefull for all electrical engineers. and one thing to ask u sir.
i need to learn schematic drawings plant give me suggetions boss.
waiting for ur reply sir.
Regards
Eswar varma.
Reply
yagnik says:
Dear sir,
In our country/world ,There r many types of Transmission pole for transmit the energy.
so how can we understand that voltage rating regarding its type of transmission pole.
Reply
Neeraj Yadav says:

Neeraj Yadav says:

Thanks alot
Reply
lakshmireddy says:
please explain about building wire estimation foe single phase and three phase systems
Reply
husen says:
thank you sir its splendid job pls sent me on my email address multitester useing method fault
nding with multitester sir you be er know about multitester its same our electric like taparia tester
but looking just dirent shape
best regards
Reply
Sagar says:
sir im unable to point out the dierence between line voltage and phase voltage whenever its given
in any powe electronics or machine or system subjects.. i still have doubt about where to use line
voltage and where to use phase voltage..
Reply
Amrish Suthar says:
What is the standard time to run any electrical motor from star to delta time?.
Reply
Amrish Suthar says:
It is useful to all of us who need to learn every time.
One of the question related is what is the maximum time limit to convert from star to delta feeder.
Application is to run the 3phse squirrel cage induction motor on star-delta feeder.
The timing is not as per tailor made or may very as per industry opinion. we ask as per standard or
may have rule.
Reply
k siva says:
January 15, 2014 at 10:20 pm
dear sir,
i am siva
three phase AC motor no load current how to calculate and if any formula available please give me
Reply
k siva says:
January 15, 2014 at 10:27 pm
dear sir
dear sir
how to calculate required cable size suitable current. if any formula available please give me sir
Reply
Already Post This Sheet..Refer Electrical Tools Page.
Reply
harikrishna says:
very good interesting detailed subject
Reply
kesar singh says:
January 23, 2014 at 11:55 am
Sir tell me at what direction of current should be kept in directional over current relay ( micom P442
relay) when current is following from 400kv to 220kv or vice versa
Reply
david says:
how to nd the earthing will work properly how will check it
Reply
Sagar says:
Hello sir..
I have a question regarding protection scheme of power system..
Q) why are we providing only 80 % protection in zone 1 and only 20% in zone 2?
Q) what is overlapping phenomena in this protection scheme?
Reply
Girish Kaushal says:
SIR,
WHETHER THE MCB SHOULD TRIP, IF MAINs (LINE) IS SHORTENED WITH EARTH WIRE.
Reply
UMESH MEGALAMANI says:
dear sir please get me know about how capacitor and inductor work in dc circuits ? whats the
response by capacitor and inductor in dc supply?
Reply
sabariprakash says:
Sir, currently we have changed Bearing on Drive

https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/electrical-qa/electrical-qa-part-1/ side & Non drive side in one motor 160KW LT . 27/44
Sir, currently we have changed Bearing on Drive side & Non drive side in one motor 160KW LT .
after that we are facing problem of Earth leakage fault frequently but this motor is delta connected
one.
Reply
sabariprakash says:
what is mean by dynamic braking resistance??
Reply
sabariprakash says:
I need to Replace DC MCB with AC MCB?
please tell the selection of AC MCB for DC supply.
For example IF 24V DC with 2A current DC MCB to be replace with AC MCB??
Reply
D H Gandhi says:
pl open motor there will be some thing metal part between rotor and stator
There will be mimimum clearance between live cable/link to motor body
Reply
saravanan says:
Nice job.
I want to know Why we are mentioning the transmissions as 110 kv,66kv,33,kv, like that.. Apart
from standard Is there any other reason
Reply
Austin says:
March 8, 2014 at 8:03 pm
what will happen when
100 wa , 60 wa , and 40 wa bulbs
are connected in series when the
following is done. 1)when 100wa
bulb is remove?, 2) when 60 wa bulb
is remove?, 3) when 40wa bulb is
remove? 4) When you interchange any
of the two bulbs?
Reply
Ronald Quadros says:
March 13, 2014 at 3:39 pm
Excellent Jignesh Sir
Reply
jaspreet says:
March 17, 2014 at 5:41 pm
Sir
Sir
I want to know how to calculate Total productivity in wa of a 125 kva dg. If we are using following
3 phase energy meter
200/5 CT
Then what is the formula to calculate thr KWH of dg
Reply
March 17, 2014 at 6:30 pm
dear,,,,
3 Phase energy meter is used for measuring KWH (Unit) and you wri en that You are using 3
phase energy meter(which measured KWH) than Why you need formula to measure
KWH!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Reply
raza haider says:
March 24, 2014 at 9:54 am
dear sir
how the increased diameter of conductor reduces the electrostatic stresses b/w the conductors, which
in turn reduces the corona eect in power transmission lines?
Reply
Avdhesh Kumar says:
March 29, 2014 at 11:19 am
Dear Sir,
Why we use double run cable in 3-phase, star delta starter type motor for feeding it.
Reply
Rohit Ramteke says:
April 17, 2014 at 8:07 am
Thanks Sirfor sharing such motivational things related to electrical.
Reply
bramhanand dhawas says:
April 20, 2014 at 6:24 am
sir capacitor bank of 2400 kvar , 3.3 kv i.e (4006 kvar ) in delta fashion gives current of 398 amps per
phase and line current is also same . but we provided the fuse rating of 270 amps 7.2 kv per phase..
my question is that why fuses are not blown out as current exceeded the fuse current level?
Reply
Guna Kanthans says:
April 27, 2014 at 5:01 am
Thanks, bro.
Reply
surya says:
June 5, 2014 at 6:00 am
What is the lux levels(area wise lighting) in oil&gas, power projects.
Reply
SANDEEP RAWAT says:

SANDEEP RAWAT says:

July 31, 2014 at 7:40 am
HOW TO CALCULATE SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT FOR MCB IN HVAC
Reply
milan rana says:
August 2, 2014 at 12:31 pm
Induction motor showing 4amp in star and 40 amp in multimeter when connected in delta why?
Reply
R.Srinivasa Rao says:
August 23, 2014 at 12:57 am
Sir,you are giving very valuable notes to all useful for career and personal devolopement.Thank you
sir.
Reply
Mistu Ghosh says:
August 31, 2014 at 9:40 am
Why Transformer making sound during operation ?
Reply
Rajesh says:
What would happen if we connect a test lamp between earth & phase and is ckt is protected by
ELCB?
Reply
umesh rajpal says:
How to calculate rating of mccb and contractors in three Phase unbalanced load.ie 80A, 50A and 65A
Reply
gaurav khandelwal says:
sir,
how can we control power factor in industries where 2 phase machines are installed
Reply
gaurav khandelwal says:
sir can any circuit with components like capacitor, contactor, mcb or mccb be used in homes and
what eect will it produce..
Reply
Amrish Suthar says:
With taking of maximum load of outgoing with margin of 20%.
Reply
Prakash says:


any one can share CCC of ACSR and AAAC conductors
Reply
afsal says:
Very thanks sir.. This paper is more helpfull for all electrical engineering students and also all
electrical engineers.. again thank you sir.. may God bless you. .
Reply
Keshav Sain says:
Dear Parmar Sir,
You have excellent storage of mind set for Electrical Fundamental and Engineering.
I need your notes,
How I can pay which is showing on blog.
Regards,
Keshav Sain
Barmer , Rajasthan
Reply
SAB says:
what happen if we short the phase of the 230V,ac glowing bulb to the ground?
NOTE: phase and neutral supply is connected to the bulb and the bulb is glowing.
post ur ans soon.
Reply
Rohit Sharma says:
Maja aagya
Reply
vignesh babu says:
how to detect whether your electric power supply wire is used by others?
Reply
wasim says:
how to calculate the current for HT Motors if H.P. is not given??
Reply
Rakesh says:
Excellent Job done.

Excellent Job done.
Reply
fawad says:
good work
Reply
aziz says:
if the load is 15080 wa s what the ipmere (A).rating of MCCB
Reply
A Das says:
January 10, 2015 at 12:33 pm
I would like to know how much does a geyser (2kW rated power) consume in 24 hrs approximately
if kept on all the time.
Reply
Rohit Jain says:
1. why the size of the neutral conductor is just half of the phase conductor in or more than 3.5c *70
sqmm XLPE cable.
2. Below 3.5c *70 sqmm XLPE cable there is no dierence between the size of the conductor. what is
the reason behind it please tell me.
3.i think there is no dierence between in ABC cables Why?
Reply
ajayan j.s says:
sir, I want to know whether a 3 phase induction motor work in 2 phase supply.. Or if a phase from
the 3 phase supply fails while works.. Will the motor continue to work.. Or stop? Why? Kindly give a
answer.
Reply
ameer says:
is initial current is present on capacitor how can be know that current.when we are giving 230 v ac
supply.
Reply
Mahendra Mahawar says:
We are having a 315MVA Transformer with 400/220/33KV,12.34%,50HZ,Yna0d11-
This transformer got tripped on REF, B/Z, Dierential and PRV also got operated. All post fault
testing results i.e. Ratio, Magnetizing balance
Tan delta, Trans ration, Winding resistance,

https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/electrical-qa/electrical-qa-part-1/ magnetizing current, Tr. mechanical protection check 32/44
Tan delta, Trans ration, Winding resistance, magnetizing current, Tr. mechanical protection check
(PRV, buchholz, OTI, WTI) were found in order. While inspecting inside the transformer it has been
observed that there is a insulation failure of 33KV & 400KV R-Phase bushing leads. Reasons for such
fault could not be understood when there was absolutely no over voltage & tripping to downstream
ckt. i.e. 220KV was observed (33KV Tertiary for this Trafo was not connected / loaded)
Reply
ramachandaran says:
dear sir..
in generator we are giveing dc supply to eld from excitation system.
why we are not useing ac supply to the eld sir
suppose we connected to the eld with ac how will it work and its advantage and dis advantage ?
sir
Reply
kaushik says:
sir if i want to make circuit like a 3 bulb connected across the wa meater such that meter reads only
reading of a two bulb .and all bulb must be a glow
Reply
kaushik says:
plz sir.
Reply
kerwin ignacio says:
what will happen if a 220 circuit breaker is supplied by a 440 source
Reply
Ramamoorthy says:
March 4, 2015 at 12:07 pm
Sir,
In a 250 KW motor is Operating at 6600V and 415V Depends upon the customer Satisfaction.Why we
are going to 6600V (HV System).What is reason ? we can able to run the motor at 415v.Power is
Same. Only thing is , conductor size.. Anyother factors involving to choose HV system?
Reply
Ramamoorthy says:
March 4, 2015 at 12:50 pm
Compact Fluorescent Lamp Working both AC and DC Supply.What is the reason ?
Reply
Pandu says:
March 6, 2015 at 4:05 pm
Sir,,,
can we connect a electric object by taking Phase from main board and a neutral as a ground wire ..Is
there any eect to the appliances.
Reply
Reply
divankar shivam says:
March 12, 2015 at 3:57 am
When motor is connected to the supply, the armature rotates in the eld. In doing so the armature
conductors cul the magnetic eld. So the emf is induced in them due to the generator action. The
direction of this emf is opposite to that of the current taken. Hence it is known as the back emf.
Reply
Nishant says:
March 15, 2015 at 6:37 pm
What happens if dc supply is given to the Energy Meter instead of ac?
Reply
chandrapal singh says:
March 24, 2015 at 1:01 pm
dear sir & all scientists & technical advisers we had a problem in a automotive vehicle it shows
connected to body & consume energy how much of energy it will consumed when no other loads are
connected please answer me as soon as possible i am waiting for it
Reply
Nitin Patil says:
March 28, 2015 at 8:00 am
Please upload a student copy for this book ,thus it is more tough to pay for a student, i think you
understand what i want to say.
Reply
March 28, 2015 at 8:15 am
YES Sir,
For Student it is free for Reading on site. Not to pay for that,i think you understand what i want
to say.
Reply
sagar handa says:
May 3, 2015 at 7:35 am
sir can u please tell me if i connect 2 line to 220 v single phase bulb what will happen
kumud ranjan says:

March 28, 2015 at 7:18 pm
if equipment r connected in only phase & neutral is not connected so what eect
Reply
lekhu says:
March 31, 2015 at 8:04 am
if i have to use cable to supply a load of say 250 Amp and i have cables of 100 Amp, 75 Amp and 50
Amps and 25 Amp capacity.
Can i use the the combination of 100+75+ 50+25 in parellel to serve the purpose???
Reply
sabas says:
Reply
sabas says:
April 1, 2015 at 5:51 pm
Sir,
I have a question regarding the functionality of an emergency light xture, the rated voltage for this
xture is 120V or 277V. The available voltage is 230V, single phase. Will or can the xture work
properly?
Reply
sandeep kumar says:
April 3, 2015 at 2:14 pm
sir ,
when will dc supply become or gets unbalance in any applications and what are the causes?
Reply
HARSHAD KOLI says:
April 30, 2015 at 8:25 am
GREAT information I got it. Thanku sir Thanku very much.
Reply
sagar handa says:
May 3, 2015 at 7:36 am
sir if i give 2 live ie440 to 220v single phase bulb what will happen.
Reply
bhuvan says:
May 12, 2015 at 9:24 am
In case of 3 phase PFC active correction what is shape of input current eaqual to ?
Phase tp phase voltage or Phase to nuetral voltage ?
Reply
nilesh dange says:
May 13, 2015 at 4:17 pm
Thanks sir, its very nice.
Reply
anurag kumar bhardwaj says:
May 15, 2015 at 9:56 am
Dear sir,
In synchronous motor if we reverse the exciter stator eld polarity will motor synchronize or not? if
yes why if no why? Reason to ask being that on one site we were trying to synchronized the motor
with existing factory connection to exciter stator and not synchronized. But when we reversed the
exciter stator connectioned it synchronized.
Reply
Ravichandran. k says:
May 22, 2015 at 6:49 am
Very useful massage
Thank you very much
With regards
Ravichandran.k
Reply
Reply
Zakeer Khan says:
May 23, 2015 at 5:05 pm
jzt awsome thanks alot .i wanna follow u can i get a link please
.
Reply
lomz says:
May 29, 2015 at 2:15 am
thanks for ur valuable imformation
Reply
Sudhakar says:
May 29, 2015 at 10:57 pm
It is very useful to all electrical students and to me visiting this more doubts is clear now
Reply
sandanam says:
June 6, 2015 at 10:38 am
how to connect one lamp two phase can I have simple drawing
Reply
sukanta says:
June 8, 2015 at 1:05 pm
Answer of regenerative breaking is wrong.what you have mentioned is ac dynamic breaking..
Reply
aqil says:
June 8, 2015 at 1:30 pm
Dear Sir,
Please upload some info regarding the Dierences and similarities between UPS DB and Normal DB
supply.
Thanks
Reply
mehraj says:
June 12, 2015 at 1:45 am
question..when one of the transformer LT fuse is connected .transformer body starts sparking at the
base.what is the issue.but when other two LT fuses are connected .No issue on that.
Reply
Megh Nath says:
June 18, 2015 at 6:50 am
does an inverter consume energy? can it be switched o?
Reply
abbie cheruto says:
June 19, 2015 at 6:24 am
i love this
Reply
Reply
vijayakumar says:
June 24, 2015 at 1:44 am
what happen we use equipment(650WATT) 5A socket instead of 15A socket
Reply
Jack Gaites says:
July 3, 2015 at 9:12 pm
Outstanding
Reply
sumeet says:
July 11, 2015 at 8:25 am
Is there any method to nd out or check the Motor starting time given by vendor is correct or not.
Any way without use of any software, any IEC or Standard. pls reply.
Reply
birbal kumar says:
July 16, 2015 at 1:36 am
Excellent topic , very useful in daily life for electrician and other, thanks sir.
Reply
gee mathew says:
July 22, 2015 at 4:46 pm
It is very informative.
Reply
UPENDRA SINGH says:
July 23, 2015 at 4:51 pm
If three DG sets of single phase connected in three phase circuit in a house, i.e. each dg set phase wire
connected in deerent phase and neutral of all dg set connected together in DB. then what will be
eect on load and DG set? please give idea.
Reply
saisathishkumar.k says:
August 13, 2015 at 12:58 pm
In all questions and answers to help to improved my knowledge.
Reply
Amit Varshney says:
August 14, 2015 at 2:43 am
Can you provide the method to calculate the kWh units in a 3 phase 4 wire meter if only 1 phase is
conducting ?
Reply
jitender says:
August 21, 2015 at 4:40 pm
Thanks sir.
Reply
Robiston says:
Robiston says:
August 26, 2015 at 5:55 am
One motor 440volt.during running time take current 560kw. Why take more current can u explained
me? Whats the reason?
Reply
manigandan says:
August 30, 2015 at 1:09 pm
the correct answer for question 33 is
capacitor run type single phase ac motor is used in ceiling fan
Reply
thanulingam says:
Nice really great very useful.thank you
Reply
jeeva says:
super sir
Reply
nitish says:
Really helpful facts I really appreciate that.
Reply
sudipt jena says:
thank you .
Reply
Blake says:
Dont know should I cry out your name or just be speechless, I dont know whatever your name is
you are superb man, you have lightened the way to me and other 1000s of upcoming electrical
engineers keep up the good work and stay blessed.
Reply
Eddie Seah says:
I enjoy reading
Very helpful facts
Reply
g.shankar says:
what .what problems coming in engine.&eletriasion
Reply
Laxman Pund says:

Laxman Pund says:

Dear sir,2MVA transformer Primary 6.6kv & Secondary 415V, tripping on earth fault if load is
increased more than 65%,please provide me the actual reason of tripping problem.
Reply
Devendra says:
Super Q and Ans
Reply
Ataur Rehman says:
.
Reply
Asnake Amsalu says:
It Is So Good !!!!
Reply
Midul says:
Excellent works. please keep continue!!!!
Reply
akmal says:
A lighting panel board 3 phase 230 volts ,main neutral cable ,main earthing cable and feeding to 220
volts ligth ing equipment having all branch circuits breaker 20A 2 POLE MCB Since to make it
220V . the connection are done in this way 2 hot wires and one earth wire as u said 1 hot wire will act
as return path . but when system is unbalance .how the unbalance current ow .and here neutral is
not connected
Reply
Bharath says:
Consider a circuit with ac/dc boltage source of 250v and a resistive load with 250ohms.
power consumpitom is 2kw. what is the current drawn? wts the current supplied by source?
wt would be the maximum voltage and current it can bear.?
Reply
Babu says:
Pls suggest if generator not coming on load manually what could be the reason .if voltage .;
frequency. Phase angle is ok
Reply
mohammed awal hussam says:
Thanks
Thanks
Its fantastic
Reply
Dipen says:
March 5, 2016 at 10:29 am
Can possible power factor is unity plus or above?
Reply
deepak says:
April 23, 2016 at 12:40 pm
Excellent , useful , very important information..
many of my doubts are cleared.
thank you so much sir for this valuable information.
I have one question very simple but li le confusing
how to calculate total power in series if 2 or 3 lamps wa s is given
I searched in many webs Im not ge ing answer.
plz answer
Reply
josmahn says:
April 23, 2016 at 1:55 pm
More plis
Reply
Haymanot says:
May 29, 2016 at 3:23 am
I wonderd this program
Reply
yuvarajan says:
June 6, 2016 at 11:26 pm
hello my friend , this is yuvarajan from saudi, i have a doubt that is the winding or conductor
capacity depends on current,the theory says in motor the running current in star connectionis higher
then the delta connection, for example there is motor is running with delta 200v and 5amps(full load)
that means the 5amps is max capcity of the motor coil once it go above it will burn, at same load we
can connect with star connection denetely above 5amps . onca go above 5amps the coil is burn
wright?
Reply
Bijaya says:
July 17, 2016 at 6:46 am
Dear Sir,
I am pleased to go through your site. Its great and always helpful.I have a question and that is how to
nomenclature the switchgears is it LV/MV/HV or LT /HT. Drawings show both. But in IE rule only
LV/MV/HV/EHV voltage levels and systems are dened. Which to follow and why.
Reply
Reply
Umesh kad says:
July 20, 2016 at 8:34 am
Hi sir,
My home all socket board L and N Reversed
my mobile no-9766082382
Reply
Dipen says:
August 13, 2016 at 8:58 am
I have two transformer 1has 10% reactance and 2 has 5% reactance and which transformer is used for
transmi ed the power
Reply
HEMAL SHAH says:
August 16, 2016 at 9:28 am
Hellow.
We really appreciate the website for its content
Please guide us on the following situation
Referring below 2 points from you website
1. Clearance from Buildings to low, medium and high voltage lines for Above 33 KV -The horizontal
clearance between the nearer
conductor and any part of such building -is 2.0 + (0.3 for every
additional 33 KV )
2.Clearance above ground at the lowest conductor 33 KV & EHV Clearance above ground(Add
0.3 Meter for every 33 KV Volts in 5.2 Meter) Min 6.1 Meter
HOW MUCH MARGIN IS REQUIRED FROM THE G+3 STORIED BUILDING FROM CENTRE OF
132 KV LINE .
Thanks
Reply
vrbhimavarapu says:
August 18, 2016 at 4:29 am
Sir, i think for the explanation given in Regenerative braking is related with Rheostatic braking.
Please clarify.
Reply
Gelagay says:
August 19, 2016 at 5:24 am
Notify me when new post is ocur
Reply
Swatantra Singh Chauhan says:
August 19, 2016 at 6:21 pm
Sir why secondary of VT is 110V always, does it can be change
Or using 110 volt is a trend only.
Reply
Reply
Mkateko Lawrence chauke says:
If two bulbs of 60w 240v are connected in series and they are connected in parallel with another of
the same value connected in parallel, if the supply voltage is 228v,how much will be the total
current?
Reply
R.Thangaraja says:
how if we have to conduct tan delta test of single phase reactor
Reply
Ray says:
Sir, very useful questions for us. Sir. I have a question that why magnetization current should be non
sinusoidal. Sir, please answer this question.
Reply
kowsallia says:
sir suppose if phase wire is cut then how can we check wheather neutral have supply or not?
Reply
Gibril mohamed says:
hi dear
marry chersmas and happy new year
my question is ,, can i use 50hz current transformer and 50hz overcurrent relay both on 60hz system ?
Reply
jibin says:
dear jignesh sir, in the the electrical installation side or in testing and commisioning, can you please
say an impressive challenge faced by any engineer and he or she overcome that through a skill . . .this
is for framing a carrier episode for me .. eg:- he or she nd a defect in the testing and informed the
manufacturer and not installaed such equipments .. . . .this is not for testing you . .but for me to frame
a carrier episode .. so
Reply
Mohamed says:
It is nice thank you very mach you ll condenc in me
Reply
Narendra says:
March 9, 2017 at 4:07 pm
Hi
Reply
Muili Ibrahim says:

Muili Ibrahim says:

March 19, 2017 at 8:47 pm
Very good information.
Thanks.
Muili Ibrahim.
Reply
vamsielect says:
March 23, 2017 at 5:21 pm
very nice info sir, please provide iec,cpwd spec codes with li le description for internal and external
electrication in a separate article sir.
Reply
vivek says:
March 24, 2017 at 9:44 am
Thanks Good basic level quations covered which clears
Reply
KJAP says:
March 30, 2017 at 3:47 am
Hello do you provide consulting services for house wiring circuit load calculation, MCB, RCD,
selection with one line diagram
Reply
Amit Nag says:
April 7, 2017 at 7:12 am
what would be the size of neutral conductor for single phase power supply? is it same size as phase
or half?
Reply
tarun says:
May 4, 2017 at 3:37 pm
i
n case of a 3-phase short circuit in a system, the power fed into thr system is ?
Reply
Raman Jain says:
June 20, 2017 at 1:12 pm
In reference to question No. 18, the megger is used to measure Insulation Resistance rather then
resistance.
Reply
brijesh says:
June 22, 2017 at 6:24 pm
What happens when neutral breaks from 3 phase 4 wire system?
Its eect on cktand how?
Reply
Sivi Samuel says:
Hello, How can we change the voltage output

https://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/electrical-qa/electrical-qa-part-1/ in a 3 phase generator. For example A generator 43/44
Hello, How can we change the voltage output in a 3 phase generator. For example A generator
125KVA, 50hz, 220V, I need to change the voltage from 220v to 400v.
Reply

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8/6/2017 Electrical Q&A Part-1 | Electrical Notes & Articles

Electrical Notes & Articles

Sharing Abstracts,Notes on various Electrical Engineering Topics.

Electrical Q&A Part-1

4) Why Delta Star Transformers are used for Lighting Loads?

5) What are the advantages of star-delta starter with induction motor?

6) What is meant by regenerative braking?

8) If one lamp connects between two phases it will glow or not?

9) What are HRC fuses and where it is used?

10) Mention the methods for starting an induction motor?

The dierent methods of starting an induction motor

4-20 mA is a standard range used to indicate

15) What is meant by knee point voltage?

16) What is reverse power relay?

Reverse Power ow relay are used in generating stations protection.

17) What will happen if DC supply is given on the primary of a transformer?

18) Dierent between megger and contact resistance meter?

19) When we connect the capacitor bank in series?

We connect capacitor bank in series to improve

20) What is Diversity factor in electrical installations?

21) Why humming sound occurred in HT transmission line?

As we know the Voltage & current relation for transformer-V1/V2 = I2/I1

I(L)x1.25=I(MAX) maximum current. Mcb specication is done on maximum current ow in circuit.

26) What is pu in electrical engineering?

Link is provided at a Neutral common point

Each bulb when independently working will have currents (W/V= I)

29) How to check Capacitor with use of Multi meter.

Most troubles with Capacitors either open or short.

Losses in form of heat will be reduced,

32) What the main dierence between UPS & inverter?

33) Which type of A.C motor is used in the fan?

35) What is the Polarization index value?

36) What is Automatic Voltage regulator (AVR)?

AVR is an abbreviation for Automatic Voltage Regulator.

38) What happens if we connect a capacitor to a generator load?

39) Why the capacitors work on ac only?

40) Why the up to dia 70mm live conductor, the

The current carrying capacity of a cable refers to it carrying a continuous load.

294 Responses to Electrical

debasish ghoshal says:

debasish ghoshal says:

Help is highly appreciated!

January 16, 2012 at 5:23 am

thanks sir, great job

What is power factor,how to do it calculation

Shriram Sundaresan (@Shriram_Sundar) says:

April 19, 2012 at 6:44 am

manoj shah says:

thank u so much for your contribution in Electrical

i would like to learn to design electrical network

dear sir, why a three phase transformer ht/lt

November 8, 2013 at 1:44 pm

Neeraj Yadav says:

Neeraj Yadav says:

Sir, currently we have changed Bearing on Drive

SANDEEP RAWAT says:

SANDEEP RAWAT says:

September 12, 2014 at 6:15 am

September 12, 2014 at 6:15 am

I need your notes,

How I can pay which is showing on blog.

Excellent Job done.