Question Bank

Subject: Principles of Operating System (CS-5001)

Very Short Answer Type Questions:-

1)What is Memory-Management Unit (MMU)?
2) Why are page sizes always powers of 2?
3) What is virtual memory?
4) Concept of Recovery from Deadlock?
5) What is starvation and aging?
6) List the 4 Condition for deadlock occurrence?
7) What is a Real-Time System?
8) What is CPU Scheduler?
9) What is Throughput?
10) What is Turnaround time?
11) What is Waiting time and Response time?
12) What is Dispatcher?
13) Describe common functions of Interrupts?
14) What is Context Switch?
15) Why paging is used?
16)What are the 3 major purpose of an Operating System?
17) What is Graceful Degradation and Fault Tolerant System?
18) Define Operating System, giving abstract view of components along with it?
19) What is Spooling, explain with diagram?
20) Define Job scheduling and CPU Scheduling?
21) What are 3 major activities of an Operating System in terms of Memory
Management?
22) What is the purpose of System Calls?
23) Define System Programs?
24) Define Process and the 5 different states during its execution?
25) Explain the CPU I/O Burst Cycle?
26) Define Dispatcher?
27) Why paging is used?
28) What do you mean by deadlock?
29) What is Mutual Exclusion?
30) Define Demand Paging?
31) What is thrashing?
32) Define different attributes of a File?
33) What is Memory Mapping?
34) What would be the result of the system running too many I/O intensive jobs?
35)What is System Call?
36) What is the main advantage of using deadlock detection instead of prevention or
avoidance?
37) A round robin system uses swapping to free process memory space. What should be
the relative sizes of the time slot and swap time to ensure efficient process utilization?
38) What is meant by saying that program is reentrant?
39) What 2 events can cause a process to loose control of the processor?
40) Define Multics?
41) Explain the Access Matrix?
42) What do you understand by Global Table?
43) What is a Lock key Mechanism?
44) What is Authentication/ Explain.
45) Define the term Password?
46) Define Encrypted Passwords?
47) Define Worms?
48) What is a Worm?
49) Define Firewall?
50) Explain Disk Scheduling?
51) What is Disk Structure?
52) Explain C-Scan Scheduling?
53) What is Disk Formatting?
54) Define Low level Formatting?
55) What is Swap Space Management?
56) What is Disk Striping?
57)What is File System Mounting?
58) Define term Linked List?
59) What is a Hash Table?
60) What are the 2 levels at which we must protect the system?
61) What is Trojan Horse?
62) What is a Worm?
63) What is Threat Monitoring?
64) Explain Global Table?
65)What is the Structure of a Page Table?
66) What is Inverted Page Table?
67) What is Fragmentation?
68) Why are Segmentation and Paging sometimes combined into 1 scheme?
69) What is Dispatch Latency?
70) What are the 4 circumstances under which CPU scheduling takes place?
71) Explain Parallel System?
72) Explain System Calls?
73) What is Device Management?
74) What is the purpose of System Programs?
75) What is a medium term Scheduler?
76) Explain the term Interprocess Communication?
77) What is a Co-operating Process?
78) What are the 2 disadvantages of protocols used to avoid Deadlock under Hold and
Wait?
79) Explain the Resource Request Algorithm?
80) What is Deadlock Detection?
81) Define CPU scheduler and Job Scheduler?
82) Explain Process Creation?
83) What is Page Fault?
84) What is Dynamic Loading?
85)What is Swapping?
86)Explain Process Termination?
87)Define Multiple Partition Allocation?
88)Explain the solution to the Problem of External Fragmentation?
89)What is Dynamic Linking?
90)Explain the term Frames and Pages?
91) Explain the disadvantage of Paging?
92) Define the term Segmentation?
93) List the Page Replacement Algorithms?
94)What is a File Organization Module?
95) Define Indexed Allocation of Disk Space?
96) What is a Frame Table?
97)list the steps in Handling Page Fault?
98)What is Inverted Page Table?
99) Explain the terms LDT and GDT?
100) Explain OS/2 32 bit version?

Short Answer Type Questions:-

1)What is the difference between Hard and Soft real-time systems?

2)Difference between Logical and Physical Address Space?
3)Define Demand Paging, Page fault interrupt, and Trashing?
4) What is a Safe State and its’ use in deadlock avoidance?
5) Explain the Usage of Deadlock Detection-Algorithm?
6) What are the Methods for Handling Deadlocks?
7) Explain the Resource Allocation Graph representing the Deadlock and the non
deadlock conditions?
8) What are the basic functions of an operating system?
9) What are the different tasks of Lexical analysis?
10) List and Explain the reasons for building Distributed Systems?
11) Explain (1) Batch Systems
(2) Real Time Systems
(3) Multi Programmed Systems
12) What is the main advantage of Layered Approach to System Design?
13) Explain the Process Control Block of a Process?
14) Explain the term Scheduler? What are the 2 different types of Scheduler?
15) Explain the different Operation which occurs on Processes?
16) Explain Preemptive Scheduling?
17) What is the Scheduling Criteria behind the scheduling of a Process?
18) Difference between multi threading and multi tasking?
19) Explain Swapping?
20) Explain Internal and External Fragmentation?
21) Explain Multilevel Paging?
22) Explain Protection and Sharing?
23) Describe Implementation of Segment Tables?
24) Explain the term Page Replacement?
25) Explain the different Operations on a File which can be performed?
26) What are the 2 different access methods?
27) Distinguish between Preemptive and Non-Preemptive scheduling?
28) What would be the effect using the FCFS scheme if the running process got stuck in
an infinite loop?
29) Comment on the principal disadvantage of FCFS, SJF,RR?
30) How security features have been provided in Windows NT? Discuss
31) What do you understand by free space management techniques. Explain them?
32) What is the critical section in the concurrent processes? How it can be handeled.
33) What are the various disk scheduling techniques?
34) Explain MFT and MVT?
35) What are the main differences between capability lists and access lists?
36)What is the need-to-know principle? Why is it important for a protection system to
adhere to this principle?
37) What problems may arise if a shared stack is used for Parameter Passing?
38)What are the 2 advantages of encryption data stored in the Computer System?
39) Explain Scan Scheduling?
40) Explain SSTF Scheduling?
41) Explain in detail the File System Organization?
42) What do you understand by the term Linked Allocation? Explain
43) Explain File Allocation Table with diagram?
44) Explain the term Thrashing? Also explain the cause of Thrashing.
45) Explain the terms LFU and MFU algorithms?
46) Define Global vs Local Allocation?
47) What do you mean by Inverted Page Table?
48) What is Page Replacement? Explain the need of Page Replacement.
49) Explain the steps in Handling a Page Fault?
50) Explain Fragmentation?

Long Answer Type Questions:-

1)What is fragmentation? Different types of fragmentation?
2)Explain Segmentation with paging?
3)Under what circumstances do page faults occur? Describe the actions taken by the
operating system when a page fault occurs?
4)What is the cause of thrashing? How does the system detect thrashing? Once it detects
thrashing, what can the system do to eliminate this problem?
5) What resources are used when a thread created? How do they differ from those when a
process is created?
6) Explain the different Scheduling Algorithms during the scheduling of a Process?
7) Given the chart below for the arrival and the burst time of different processes,
schedule the processes according to
1) SJF algorithm
2) Round Robin Scheduling ( Time Quantum= 5ms)
3) Fist Come First Served Basis

Process Arrival Time Burst Time

P1 0 8
P2 1 4
P3 2 9
P4 3 5

8) Difference between Primary storage and secondary storage?

9) Explain the Bankers Algorithm and Safety Algorithm?
10)Explain Semaphores with its Implementation and Usage?
11) Explain the classical problems of Synchronization?
12) Explain Logical vs Physical Address Space?
13) Define Contiguous Allocation? Explain the 2 types of Contiguous Allocation.
14) Explain the following allocation Algorithms?
a) First Fit
b) Best Fit
c) Worst Fit
15) Explain Segmentation with Paging?
16) What are the different Page Replacement Algorithms?
17) When do Page Fault occurs? Describe the actions taken by the Operating System
when the page fault occurs?
18) What is the cause of Thrashing? How does the system detect Thrashing? What
can the system do to eliminate this problem?
19) Explain the Directory structure and the different levels of Directory Structure?
20) What do you understand by Encryption and Decryption? Give Encryption and
Decryption algorithms?

21) Explain the various directory structures used in Operating System for storing
files. Give Merits and Demerits of all the directory structures.\
22) Examine the following table of resource requirement for the 4 processes and
determine whether the current allocation is safe state, with regard to avoid deadlock.

Process Max Need Current Usage

P1 7 3
P2 4 1
P3 6 2
P4 6 1

Total resources=10
Available resources=3
23) Write short notes on:-
a) Real Time Operating System
b) UNIX Kernel
c) DEC net.
24) Describe the various technique for Password Protection and Cryptography.
25) Discuss Inode Structure and its use in UNIX.
26) When a process attempts to delete a file, the operating system must ensure that
the process has delete access to that file. Using the UNIX directory and inode
structure, explain how unix can determine if the file:
/student/os/file
can be deleted by a process with user id 0f 20 and a group id of 40.
27) Using the UNIX file system assume that the inode of the current directory is
known. Explain how to find the inode of the filel( if the file exists)
28) Explain in detail Program Threats and the System Threats.
29) A password may become known to other users in a variety of ways. Is there a
simple method for detecting that such an event has occurred. Explain your
answer.
30) Discuss the relative merits of sector sparing and sector slipping?
31) Explain Indexed Aloocation? Also explain the issues it deals with.
32) Explain all the Page Replacement Algorithms?
33) Difference between Primary storage and secondary storage?
34) Explain the access matrix with 3 additional operations Copy, Owner, Control?
35) Why is it difficult to protect a system in which users are allowed to do their own
I/O?
36) What is the need-to-know principle? Why is it important for a protection system
to adhere to this principle?
37) Explain the method for selecting a Disk Scheduling Algorithm?
38) Explain in detail all the Disk Scheduling Algorithms?
39) Explain all the different Allocation Methods?
40) Explain Page Replacement? Also, explain the Page Replacement Algorithms?
41) What is Segmentation? Explain the Implementation of Segment Tables?
42) Describe the actions taken by thread library to context switch between user level
threads?
43) On a system with paging, a process cannot access memory that it does not own;
why? How could the operating system allow access to other memory? Why
should it or should it not?
44) Give a non-computer example of preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling.
45) What are the different tasks of Lexical analysis?
46) Differentiate between Complier and Interpreter?
47) Explain briefly about, processor, assembler, compiler, loader, linker and the
functions executed by them.
48) What are the different functions of Syntax phase, Sheduler?
49) What are the main difference between Micro-Controller and Micro- Processor?
50) Which is the best page replacement algorithm and Why? How much time is
spent usually in each phases and why?
Submitted By: Aditi Kapur