FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

A. 1-1 Gas Law Constans R A.1-5 Standard Acceleration of Gravity

Numerical value Units g = 9.80665 m/s2
g = 980.665 cm/s2
1.9872 g cal/g mol . K g = 32.174 ft/s2
1.9872 btu/jb mol .oR gc = (gravitional conversion factor) = 32.1740 lbm .ft/lbf .s2
82.057 cm3 . atm/g mol . K = 980.665 gm . cm/gf . s2
83314.34 J/kg mol . K A.1-6 Volume
82.057 x 10 -3 m3 . atm/kg mol . K 1 L (liter) = 1000 cm3 1 m3 = 1000 L
8314.34 kg . m2 / s2 . kg mol . K 1 in3 = 16.387cm3 1 U.S.gal = 4 qt
10.731 ft3 . lbf/in2 . lb mol . oR 1ft3 = 28.317 L 1 U.S.gal = 3.7854 L
0.7302 ft3 . atm/lb mol . oR 1ft3 = 0.028317 m 3 1 U.S.gal = 3785.4 cm3
1545.3 ft3 . lbf/lb mol . oR 1 ft 3 = 7.481 U.S.gal 1 British gal = 1.20094 U.S.gal
8314.34 m3 . Pa / kg mol . K 1 m3 = 264.17 U.S.gal 1 m3 = 35.313 ft3

A.1-2 Volume and Density A.1-7 Force

1 g mol ideal gas at 0o C 760mm Hg = 22.4140 liters = 22414 cm3 1 g.cm/s2(dyn) = 10-5 kg . m/s2 = 10-5 N (newton)
1 lb mol ideal gas at 0o C 760mm Hg = 359.05 ft3 1 g.cm/s2 = 7.2330 x 10-5 lbm . ft/s2 (poundal)
1 kg mol ideal gas at 0o C 760mm Hg = 22.414 m3 1 kg . m/s2 =1N
Density of dry air at 0o C 760mm Hg = 1.2929 g/liter 1 lbr = 4.4482 N
=0.0080711 lbm/ft3 1 g.cm/s2 = 2.2481 x 10-6 lbf
Molecular weight of air = 28.97 lbm/lb mol = 28.97 g/g mol
1 g/cm3 = 62.43 lbm/ft3 = 1000 kg/m3 A.1-8 Pressure
1 g/cm3 = 8.345lbm/U.S.gal 1 bar = 1 x 105 Pa (pascal) = 1 x 105 N/m2
1 lbm/ft3 = 16.0185 kg/m3 1 psia = 1lbf /in2
1 psia = 2.03060 in. Hg at 0o C
A.1-3 Length 1 psia = 2.311 ft in. H20 at 72o F
1 in = 2.540cm 1 psia = 51.715 mm Hg at 0o C (Hg = 13.5955 g/cm3)
100 cm = 1 m ( meter) 1 atm = 14.696 psia = 1.01325 x 105 N/m2 = 1.01325 bar
1 micron = 10-6 m = 10-4 cm = 10-3 mm = 1 um ( micrometer) 1 atm = 760 mm Hg at 0oC = 1.01325 x 105 Pa
1 A(angstrom) = 10-10 m = 10-4 um 1 atm = 29.921 in. Hg at 0oC
1 mile = 5280 ft 1 atm = 33.90 ft h2o at 40C
1 m = 3.2808 ft = 39.37 in 1 psia = 6.89476 x 10 4 g/cm . S2
1 psia = 6.89476 x 10 4 dyn/cm2
A.1-4 Mass 1 dyn/cm2 = 2.0886 x 10-3 lbf/ft2
1 lbm = 453.59 g = 0.45359 kg 1 ton (short) = 2000 lbm 1 psia = 6.89476 x 103 N/m2 = 6.89476 x103 Pa
1 lbm = 16 oz = 7000 grains 1 ton (long) = 2240 lbm 1 lbf/ft2 = 4.7880 x 102 dyn/cm2 = 47.880 N/m2
1 kg = 1000 g = 2.2046 lbm 1 ton (metric) = 1000 kg 1 mm Hg (00C) = 1.333224 x 102 N/m = 0.1333224 kPa
 FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
A.1-9 Power A.1-14 Diffusivity
1 hp = 0.74570 kW 1 watt (W) = 14.340 cal/min 1 cm2/s = 3.875 ft2/h 1 m2/s = 3.875 x 104 ft2/h
1 hp = 550 ft . lbf/s 1 btu/h = 0.29307 W (watt) 1 m2/h = 10.746 ft 2/h 1 centistoke = 10-2 cm2/s
1 hp = 0.7068 btu/s 1J/s (joule/s) = 1 W 1 cm2/s = 10-4 m2/s

A.1-10 Heat, Energy, Work A.1-15 Mass Flux and Molar Flux
1 J = 1 N . m = 1 kg . m2/s2 1 g/s . cm2 = 7.3734 x 103 lbm/h . ft2
1 kg . m2/s2 = 1 J ( joule) = 107 g . cm2/s2 (erg) 1 g mol/s . cm2 = 7.3734 x 103 lb mol/h . ft2
1 btu = 1055.06 J = 1.05506 kJ 1 g mol/s . cm2 = 10 kg mol/s . m2 = 1 x 104 g mol/s . m
1 btu = 252.16 cal (thermochemical) 1 lb mol/h . ft2 = 1.3562 x 10-3 kg mol/s . m2
1 kcal = 1000 cal = 4.1840 kJ
1 cal = 4.1840 J A.1-16 Heat Flux and Heat Flow
1 cal (IT) = 4.1868 J 1 btu/h . ft2 = 3.1546 W/m2
1 btu = 251.996 cal (IT) 1 btu/h = 0.293307 W
1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf 1 cal/h = 1.1622 x 10-3 W
1 hp . h = 0.7457 kW . h
1 hp . h = 22544.5 btu A.1-17 Heat Capacity and Enthalpy
1 ft . lbf = 1.35582 J 1 btu/lbm . oF = 4.1868 kJ/kg . K
1 ft . lbf/lbm = 2.9890 J/kg 1 btu/lbm . oF = 1000 cal/g . oC
1 btu/lbm . oF = 2326.0 J/kg
A.1-11 Thermal Conductivity 1 ft . lbf/lbm = 2.9890 J/kg
1 btu/h . ft . oF = 4.1365 x 10 -3 cal/s . cm . oC 1 cal (IT)/g . oC = 4.1868 kJ/kg . K
1 btu/h . ft . oF = 1.73073 W/m . K 1 kcal/g mol = 4.1840 x 103 kJ/kg mol

A.1-12 Heat-Transfer Coefficient A.1-18 Mass- Transfer Coefficient

1 btu/h . ft2 . oF = 1.3571 x 10-4 cal/s . cm2 . oC
1 btu/h . ft2 . oF = 5.6783 x 10-4 W/cm2. . oK
1 btu/h . ft2 . oF = 5.6783 x 10-4 W/cm2. . oC
1 kcal/h . m2 . oF = 0.2048 btu/h.ft2 . oF
A.1-13 Visosity
1 cp = 10-2 g/cm .s (poise)
1 cp = 2.4191 lbm/ft . h
1 cp = 6.7197 x 10-4 lbm/ft . s
1 cp = 10-3 Pa . s = 10-3 N . s/m2
1 cp = 2.0886 x 10-5 lbf . s/ft2
1 Pa .s = 1 N . s/m2 = 1 kg/m . s = 1000 cp = 0.67197 lbm/ft . s
1 kc cm/s = 10-2 m/s
1 kc ft/h = 8.4668 x 10-5 m/s
1 kx g mol/s . cm2 mol frac = 10 kg mol/s . m2 . mol frac
1 kx g mol/s . cm2 mol frac = 1 x 104 g mol/s . m2 . mol frac
1 kx lb mol/h . ft2 . mol frac = 1.3562 x 10-3 kg mol/s . m2 . mol frac
1 kx a lb mol/h . ft 2 . mol frac =4.449 x 10-3 kg mol/s . m3 . mol frac
1 kG kg mol/s . m2 . atm = 0.98692 x 10-5 kg mol/s . m2 . Pa
1 kG a kg mol/s . m3 . atm = 0.98692 x 10-5 kg mol/s . m3 . Pa