AISI 1045 Medium Carbon Steel

AISI1045MediumCarbonSteel
WrittenbyAZoM Jul52012

TopicsCovered
Introduction
ChemicalComposition
PhysicalProperties
MechanicalProperties
Machining
Welding
HeatTreatment
Forging
Annealing
Normalizing
StressRelieving
Hardening
Tempering
Applications

Introduction
AISI1045steelisamediumtensilesteelsuppliedintheblackhotrolledornormalized
condition.Ithasatensilestrengthof570700MPaandBrinellhardnessrangingbetween
170and210.

AISI1045steelischaracterizedbygoodweldability,goodmachinability,andhighstrength
andimpactpropertiesineitherthenormalizedorhotrolledcondition.

AISI1045steelhasalowthroughhardeningcapabilitywithonlysectionsofsizearound
60mmbeingrecommendedassuitablefortemperingandthroughhardening.However,it
canbeefficientlyflameorinductionhardenedinthenormalizedorhotrolledconditionto
obtainsurfacehardnessesintherangeofRc54Rc60basedonfactorssuchassection
size,typeofsetup,quenchingmediumusedetc.

AISI1045steellackssuitablealloyingelementsandhencedoesnotrespondtothe
nitridingprocess.

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AISI 1045 Medium Carbon Steel

ChemicalComposition
Element Content
Carbon,C 0.4200.50%
Iron,Fe 98.5198.98%
Manganese,Mn 0.600.90%
Phosphorous,P 0.040%
Sulfur,S 0.050%

PhysicalProperties
PhysicalProperties Metric Imperial
Density 7.87g/cc 0.284lb/in3

MechanicalProperties
MechanicalProperties Metric Imperial
Hardness,Brinell 163 163
Hardness,Knoop(ConvertedfromBrinellhardness) 184 184
Hardness,RockwellB(ConvertedfromBrinellhardness) 84 84
Hardness,Vickers(ConvertedfromBrinellhardness) 170 170
TensileStrength,Ultimate 565MPa 81900psi
TensileStrength,Yield 310MPa 45000psi
ElongationatBreak(in50mm) 16.0% 16.0%
ReductionofArea 40.0% 40.0%
ModulusofElasticity(Typicalforsteel) 200GPa 29000ksi
BulkModulus(Typicalforsteel) 140GPa 20300ksi
PoissonsRatio(TypicalForSteel) 0.290 0.290
ShearModulus(Typicalforsteel) 80GPa 11600ksi

Machining
AISI1045steelhasgoodmachinabilityinnormalizedaswellasthehotrolledcondition.
Basedontherecommendationsgivenbythemachinemanufacturers,operationslike
tapping,milling,broaching,drilling,turningandsawingetc.canbecarriedoutonAISI
1045steelusingsuitablefeeds,tooltypeandspeeds.

Welding
CertainfactsaboutweldingofAISI1045steelare:

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AISI 1045 Medium Carbon Steel

AISI1045steelisreadilyweldedwhencorrectprocedureisfollowed.
WeldingAISI1045steelinthroughhardened,temperedandflameorinduction
hardenedconditionisnotrecommended.
LowhydrogenelectrodesarepreferredforweldingAISI1045steel.
Theworkpieceis
Preheatedat200C300C(392F572F)
Maintainedatthesametemperatureduringwelding
Cooledslowlyusingsand,ashesetcand
Stressrelievedat550C660C(1022F1220F).

HeatTreatment
AISI1045issubjectedtothefollowingprocesses:

Forging
Annealing
Normalizing
Stressrelieving
Hardening
Tempering

Forging
Heatto850C1250C(1562F2282F)
Holduntilthetemperatureisuniform
Coolinfurnace

Annealing
Heatto800C850C(1472F1562F)
Holduntilthetemperatureisuniform
Coolinfurnace.

Normalizing
Heatto870C920C(1598F1688F)
Holduntilthetemperatureisuniform
Soakfor1015minutes
Coolinstillair

StressRelieving

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AISI 1045 Medium Carbon Steel

Heatto550C660C(1022F1220F)
Holduntilthetemperatureisuniform
Soakfor1hourper25mmofsection
Coolinstillair

Hardening
Heatto820C850C(1508F1562F)
Holduntilthetemperatureisuniform
Soakfor1015minutesper25mmofsection
Quenchinwaterorbrine

Tempering
Reheatto400C650C(752F1202F)asrequired
Holduntilthetemperatureisuniform
Soakfor1hourper25mmofsection
Coolinstillair

Applications
AISI1045iswidelyusedforallindustrialapplicationsrequiringmorewearresistanceand
strength.TypicalapplicationsofAISI1045areasfollows:

Gears Pins Rams

Shafts Rolls Sockets
Axles Spindles Worms
Bolts Ratchets Lightgears
Studs Crankshafts Guiderods
Connectingrods Torsionbars Hydraulicclamps

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