Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

TUTORIAL 2

Chapter 2: Direct Current

1. The voltage across a 5-k resistor is 16 V. Find the current through the resistor.
I = 16/5k = 3.2mA
(3.2 mA)
2. Find the hot resistance of a light bulb rated 60 W, 120 V. (240 ohms)

P=V2/R; Therefore R= V2/P = 1202/60 = 240

3. (a) Calculate current, i in the following when the switch is in position 1.

(b) Find the current when the switch is in position 2.

(30 mA, 20 mA)

(a) Position 1
i = 3/100 = 30mA

(b) Position 2
i = 3/150 = 20mA

4. For the network graph in the following figure, find the number of nodes, branches,
and loops.

Nodes, (n) = 9
Branches (b) = 15
Loops (l) = 7

Proved, b = l +n-1 = 7+9-1 = 15

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 Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

5. Determine the number of branches and nodes:

Nodes, (n) = 4
Branches (b) = 6
Loops (l) = 3

Proved, b = l +n-1 = 3+4-1 = 6

6. Use KCL to obtain currents i1, i2, and i3 in the circuit shown in the following figure:

8m = i1 + 12m, Therefore, i1 = 8m 12m = 4m

i2 + 8m = 9mA Therefore, i2 = 9m 8m = 1m
i3 +12m = 9m, Therefore, i3 = 9m 12m = 3mA

(-4mA; 1mA;-3mA)

7. In the circuit following figure, calculate V1 and V2:

(6V; 3V)

-V1+1+5= 0, Therefore, V1 = 1+5= 6V

-5+2+V2 = 0, Therefore, V2 = 5 2= 3V

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 Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

8. For the circuit in the following figure, use KCL to find the branch currents I1 to I4:

(12A; -10A; 5A; -2A)

i2 + 7 + 3 = 0 Therefore, i2 = 7 3 = 10
i1 + 10 = 2 Therefore, i1 = 2+10 = 12A
i4 + 4 = 2 Therefore, i4 = 2 4 = 2
i3 = 7 2 Therefore, i3 = 7 + ( 2) = 5A

9. Given the circuit in the following figure, use KVL to find the branch voltages V1 to
V4:

(-8V; 6V; -11V; 7V)

-V4 +2+5= 0, Therefore, V4 = 7V
4+V3+V4 = 0, Therefore, V3= - 4+(-7) = -11V
-3+V1-V3 =0, Therefore, V1=3+(-11) = -8V
-V1-V2 - 2 =0, Therefore, V2= -(-8) - 2 = 6V

10. Calculate v and ix in the circuit of the following figure:

(10V; -2A)
-12 + v + 2= 0, Therefore, v = 12-2 = 10V
-2 + 8 + 3ix = 0, Therefore, ix = (2 8)/3 = -2A

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 Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

11. Determine Vo in the circuit of the following figure:

(4.5V)

Vo = V2 + 3, where V2 = I x 2
Using KVL, -9 + 6I +2I +3 = 0, I = (9-3)/8 = 0.75A
Therefore, Vo = (0.75 x 2) + 3 = 4.5V

12. Find I and Vab in the circuit of the following figure:

(4A; 28V)

Using KVL, -30+3I-10+5I+8 =0, I = (30+10-8)/8 = 4A

Vab = V5 + 8, where, V5 = I x 5
Therefore, Vab = (4 x 5) + 8 = 28V

13. Find Vx in the circuit of following figure:

(4.167V)
Using KVL, -15 + 1I + 2Vx + 5I + 2I = 0, where Vx = 5I
Therefore, -15 + 1I + 2(5I) + 5I + 2I = 0, I =15/(18) = 0.8333A
Vx = 5I =5 x 0.8333 = 4.167

14. In the circuit shown in the following figure, determine vx and the power absorbed by
the 12- resistor:

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 Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

(2V; 1.92W)

8//12
(8x12)/(8+12) = 4.8

3//6 series 4
(3x6)/(3+6) + 4 = 6

1.2 series 4.8 // 6

((4.8+1.2)x6)/(6+6) = 3

Using Current divider,

I1 = 2 / (2+(1+3)) x 6A = 2A
Therefore, vx = V1 = 1 x 2 = 2V

The power absorbed by the 12- resistor (P = I2R)

I1 = 2A

Using Current divider,

I1.2 = 6 / ((1.2+4.8)+6) x 2A = 1A

I1.2 = 1A

Using Current divider,

I12 = 8 / (8+12) x 1A = 0.4A

Therefore P12 = (I12)2x R = 0.42x12 = 1.92W

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 Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

15. For the network in the following figure, find the current, voltage, and power
associated with the 20-k resistor.

(0.1A; 2kV; 0.2kW)

Vo=IR=5m x 10k = 50V

I (dependent source) = 0.01 x Vo = 0.01x50 = 0.5A
Using current divider, I20k = 5k/(5k+20k) x 0.5A = 0.1A
Therefore, V20k = IR = 0.1x20k =2kV and P20k = VI =2kV x 0.1A = 0.2kW

16. Calculate Vo in the circuit of the following figure:

(6.4V)

Using Voltage divider, Vo = (4/(4+6)) x 16 = 6.4V

17. ll resistors in the following figure are 1 each. Find Req.:

R6 R4 R2

R5 R3 R1

(1.625)

Req = [((R1series R2 // R3) series R4)//R5] series R6

Req = [ ( (1+1)x1 +1) // R5] series R6

(1+1)+1

2
( 3 +1) x 1
Req = + 1 = 5/8 1 =1.625
2
( 3 +1) + 1

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 Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

18. For the circuit in the following figure, determine i1 to i5 :

(11.2A; 1.6A; 9.6A; 6.4A; 3.2A)

i1 = IT =V/Req
Req = 1//2//4 series 3 = [1/(1/1+1/2+1/4] + 3 = 0.571+3 =3.571
i1 = IT =V/Req = 40/3.571= 11.2A
Using current divider,
i3 = 4/(4+1//2) x 11.2A = 4/(4+ 1x2 ) x11.2 = 9.6A and
1+2

Using KCL
i1 = i2 + i3 , Therefore i2 = i1 i3 =11.2 = 9.6 = 3.2A

19. Using series/parallel resistance combination, find the equivalent resistance seen by
the source in the following circuit. Find the overall dissipated power:

(40; 3.6W)
The equivalent resistance, Req

(10 series 20 series 10) // 40

(10+20+10)//40 = (40x40)/ (40+40) = 20

(8 series 20 series 12) // 40

(8+20+12)//40 = (40x40)/ (40+40) = 20

Therefore, Req = 20 20 = 40
The overall dissipated power, PReq = V2/R = 122/40 =3.6W

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 Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

20. Find i and Vo in the following circuit :

(0.5A; 1.5V)
To find i, we must find the equivalent resistance, Req

(50 series 30) // 20

(50+30)//20 = (80x20)/ (80+20) = 16

(60// 20) series 25

(60x20)/(60+20) + 25 = 15+25 = 40

Req = 24 16 //40 10 = 40x40 / 40 40 10 = 30

Therefore, I = V/R = 15/30=0.5A

Find Vo :
Vo = V30 = I30 x 30

I10 = 0.5A

Using Current divider,

I24 = 40 / ((24+16)+40) x 0.5A = 0.25A

I24 = 0.25A

Using Current divider,

I30 = I50 = 20 / ((50+30)+20) x 0.25A = 0.05A

Therefore, Vo = I30 x 30 = 0.05x30 = 1.5V

21. Find Req and io in the following circuit:

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 Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

(12.5; 3.2A)

12//6 =4

20//80 = 16

16 4 series 16 = 4+16 =20

20
20//60 = 15

15

Req = 15//15 series 5= [ 15x15 / 15 15 ] 5 = 12.5

io = 40/12.5 =3.2A

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 Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

22. If Req = 50 in the following circuit, find R.

(16)

12//12//12 = 1/[(1/12)+(1/12)+1/12)] = 4

14 R

10 series R series 4 = 10+R+4 =14+R

840 60R / 74 R

(14+R)//60 = ((14+R)x60)/(14+R+60)= (840+60R)/(74+R)

Req =(840+60R)/(74+R) series 30 = [(840+60R)/(74+R)]+30 = 50

(840+60R)
Therefore, = 50-30
(74+R)
840+60R=20(74+R)
R= (1480-840 /40 = 16

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 Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

23. For the following circuit, obtain the equivalent resistance at terminals a-b.

(4)

Using Delta to Star transformation,

Ra Rb
Rc

Ra = 20x10 / 20 10 5 =5.71
Rb = 20x5 /35 = 2.86
Rc = 10x5 /35 = 1.43

20 series Ra = 20 5.71 =25.71

Rb

25.71 25.71 //Rb = 25.7x2.86 / 25.71 2.86 = 2.57

Rc
Rc

Rab =2.57 1.43 =4

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 Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

24. Find the equivalent resistance Rab in the following circuit:

(24)

Redraw the circuit:

d
e
f/c

Rab =10 5x20 / 5 20 6x3 / 6 3 8 = 10 4 2 8=24

25. What value of R in the following circuit would cause the current source to deliver 800
mW to the resistors?

(380.95)

P=I2RT
RT = 800mW/(30m)2 = 888.89

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 Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

b
a
c

Using Delta to Star transformation,

a = (RxR)/(R+R+R) = R/3
b = R/3
c = R/3

(R series a) // (R series b) = (R+R/3)//(R+R/3)

(RxR/3)/(R+R/3)
= [(4 R/3) x (4R/3)]/[(4r/3+4R/3)]
= 2R

RT = 2R + c = 2R +R/3 = 7R/3 = 888.89

Therefore, R= 380.95

26. Determine V in the following circuit:

(42.18V)

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 Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

a
b

Using Delta to Star transformation,

a = 12x10 / 12 10 20 = 2.85
b = 10X20 /42 = 4.76
c = 12X20 /42 =5.71

(15 series a) // (30 series b) = (15+2.85)//(30+4.76)

(RxR/3)/(R+R/3) = (17.85 x 34.76)/(17.85+34.76)
= 11.79

11.79

RT = (11.79+c)//35 + 16 = (17.5 x 35)/(17.5+35) + 16 = 27.672

Therefore, IT = 100/27.672 =3.614A
Using current divider, I35 = (17.5/(17.5+35)) x 3.614A = 1.205A
Therefore V = 1.205 x 35= 42.18V

27. The lightbulb in the following figure is rated 120 V, 0.75 A. Calculate Vs to make the
lightbulb operate at the rated conditions:

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 Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

(210V)

RBulb = V/I = 120/0.75 = 160

We know, RBulb//80, where Req = 160x80 / 160 80 = 53.33
And VBulb =120V
Therefore, (53.33/(53.33+40)) x Vs =120
Vs = 210V

28. Three lightbulbs are connected in series to a 100-V battery as shown below. Find the
current I through the bulbs.

(1.2A)

PT = 30+40+50 = 120W
Therefore, I = P/V =120/100 = 1.2A

29. For the circuit below, obtain v1 and v2 using nodal analysis

(0V,12V)

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 Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

I3
I1 I4
I2 I5

At Node V1,
I1+I2+I3 = 6
V1/10 + V1/5 + (V1-V2)/2 = 6
8V1-5V2 = 60

At Node V2,
I4+I5 = 6+3
(V2-V1)/2 + V2/4 = 9
3V2-2V1 = 36

Solve these two equation, we get

V1= 0V, V2=12V

30. Given the circuit as below, use node analysis to calculate the currents i1 through i4.

(4A,2A,1A,2A)
V1 V2

At Node V1,
I1+I2 = 4+2
V1/5 + V1/10 = 6
3V1 = 60
V1=60/3=20V

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 Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

Therefore,
I1=20/5=4A, I2=20/10=2A

At Node V2,
I3+I4+2= 5
V2/10 + V2/5 = 5-2
3V2 = 30
V2 = 30/3 = 10V
Therefore,
I3=10/10=1A, I4=10/5=2A

31. Use nodal analysis to obtain all the nodes voltage in the following circuit:

(12V, 2.4V, 4V, 0V)

V1 V2 V3

V4

At Node V1,
V1 = 12V

At Node V2,
i1+i2 +6=0
(V2-12)/4 + V2/6 + 2=0
3V0-36+2V0 +24=0
V0=12/5 =2.4V

At Node V3,
i3 = 2
V3/2 = 2
V3= 4V

At Node V4, V4=0V

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 Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

32. Using mesh analysis, find v0 in the following circuit :

(1.112V)

I1
I2

At Loop 1,
-V0+3I1+3+1(I1-I2) = 0, V0= -2I1
-(-2I1)+3I1+3+1(I1-I2) = 0,
6I1-I2 = -3 . Eq1

At Loop 2,
1(I2-I1) -3+5I2+4V0 = 0
1(I2-I1) -3+5I2+4(-2I1) = 0
6I2-9I1=3.. Eq2

From Eq 1, I2 = 6I1+3 , put into Eq 2

6(6I1+3) - 9I1=3
27I1+18=3
I1= -0.556

Therefore, V0= -2I1 = -2(-0.556) = 1.112V

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 Principles of Electric and Electronics (BEKG 1123)

33. Using mesh analysis, find vo in the following circuit:

(20V)

Loop 1 I1
1) (L
oo
p
1)
I2 I3

Loop 2 Loop 3
1) 1)

Loop 1:
I1 = 5A

Loop 2: Using KVL

40+1(I2) + 2(I2I1) + 4(I2I3) = 0
7I2 211 4I3 = 40
7I2 2(5) 4I3 = 40
7I2 4I3 = 50 Eq.1

Loop 3: Using KVL

4(I3I2) + 8(I3) 20 = 0
12I34I2 = 20 Eq.2

From Eq.2,
I3 = (20+4I2)/12 put into Eq.1
7I2 4[(20 + 4I2)/12] = 50
21I2 20 4I2 = 150
17I2 = 170
I2 = 10A, therefore I3 = (20 + 4I2)/12 = 5A
So, Vo = V4 = 4(I2I3) = 20V

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