The National Building

Regulations
&
SANS 10400

Hans Schefferlie
Executive Director
23 August 2012
AAAMSA is representative on the following Building
Industry Boards and Committees:
Master Builders South Africa (MBSA)
p
Specialist Engineering
g g Contract Committee (SECC)
( )
South African Association of Energy Engineers (SAEE)
A member of the SABS Review Board National Building Regulations.
Chairman of the Thermal Insulation Association of Southern African (TIASA)
Secretary of the Specialist Engineering Contract Committee (SECC)
g
Registrar of the South African Glass Institute ((SAGI))
Member of the Technical and CPAP Committees of the JBCC
Member of the Contractual & Legal Committee (C & L) of MBSA
Member of SANS TC59 Construction Standards
Chairman of SANS SC59C: Construction Standards Glazing in Buildings
Member of SC59F: Construction Standard Steel and Aluminium Structures
Member of SC59G: Construction Standard Energy Efficiency and Energy
use in the Built Environment.
Member of SC21E: Fire Safety
Member of TC1021: Expanded (Cellular) Plastics & Thermal Insulation
Member of SC 60T: Fire Protection Standards
 National Building Regulations and
Building Standards Act,
Act 1977
(Act 103 of 1977)

National Building Regulations

(Functional Regulation)

Rational Design Deemed-to-Satisfy Agrment

SANS 10400
The Application of the
N i l Building
National B ildi
Regulation
Energy Usage
Integrated Resource Plan
September
S t b 2009

Table 2 South African generation

p y assumed for IRP
capacity
Integrated
g resource plan
p 2009 ((DME))
DME research life cycle costing of SANS 204 interventions

In December 2007,, DAH Joint Venture concluded their energy gy modeling

g
research for the Department of Minerals and Energy to show how various
buildings with SANS 204 specific energy efficiency interventions
performed in different climate types.
types This was published as; Report No.No
OR-13554 Energy efficient homes and buildings; performance criteria for
energy efficient naturally ventilated buildings in South Africa.

The escalation rates for electricity costs provided in 2005 by NERSA,

over the evaluation period, justified a level of 1.18% over the rate of
i fl ti
inflation (th
(then running
i att 4.5%).
4 5%) It was reported
t d then
th th t a 14.5%
that 14 5%
increase was likely to be sanctioned by NERSA.

Over the past two years alone we have had increases in electricity tariffs
to the effect of 25%.
Published August 2011

Scope
This is part of SANS 10400 provides
deemed-to-satisfyy requirements
q for
compliance with Part XA (Energy usage
in Buildings) of the National Building
Regulations.

Invokes SANS 204

In respect of Floors, Fenestration,
Roof and Ceilings.
g
 SANS 10400-XA:2010 Hot Water Heating
g
4.1.1 In order to comply with functional regulation XA2, contained in
Part XA of the National Building Regulations, the following
guidance is provided;

a) The volume of the annual average hot water heating

requirements shall be calculated in accordance with Tables
2 and 5 of SANS 10242-1:2004; and
b) If solar
l watert hheating
ti systems
t are used,
d th
these shall
h ll
comply with SANS 1307, SANS 10106, SANS 10254 and
SANS 10252-1
10252 1

4.1.2 Requirements
q for water installations in buildings
g be in
accordance with SANS 10252-1 and SANS 10254
SANS 10400-XA:2010 Hot Water Heating
g
4.1.3 All hot water services pipes shall be clad with insulation with a
minimum R-value in accordance with Table 1.
4 1 4 Thermal insulation,
4.1.4 insulation if any,
any shall be installed in accordance with
the manufacturers instructions.
SANS 10400-XA:2010 Energy
gy Usage
g
4.2 Energy usage and building envelope
4.2.1 The functional regulations contained in Part XA of the
National Building Regulations shall be deemed to be
satisfied where;

a) In any building of occupancy classified in terms of Regulation

A200 as A1,, A2,, A3,
3, A4,, F1,, G
G1,, oor H1,, a Co
Competent
pe e Person
e so
certifies that such building (excluding garage and storage areas)
has a theoretical annual energy consumption and demand,
based on the design assumptions contained in 4.3, less than or
equal to the values specified in Tables 2 and 3; or
SANS 10400-XA:2010 Energy
gy Usage
g
b) In any building of occupancy classified in terms of Regulation
A20 as A1, A2, A3, A4, C1, C2, E1, E2, E3, E4, F1, F2, F3,
G1, H1, H2, H3, H4 and H5, the orientation and shading are
in accordance with the requirements of SANS 204, external
walls are in accordance with the requirements of 4.4.3
fenestration is in accordance with the requirements of 4.4.5,
if in-slab heating is installed, it is in accordance with the
requirements of 4.4.2, and service that use energy or control
the use of energy, including heating, air conditioning and
mechanical ventilation in accordance with SANS 204, and
hot water systems in accordance with the requirements of 4.1
(services exclude cooking facilities and portable appliances);
or
SANS 10400-XA:2010 Energy
gy Usage
g

c)) If any building

b ildi off occupancy classified
l ifi d in
i terms
t off Regulation
R l ti
A20 as A1, A2, A3, A4, C1, C2, E1, E2, E3, E4, F1, F2, F3,
G1 H1,
G1, H1 H2,
H2 H3,
H3 H4 andd H5,H5 a Competent
C t t person certifies
tifi
that such building (excluding garage and storage areas) has
a theoretical
th ti l annuall energy consumption
ti andd demand
d d less
l
than or equal to a reference building that complies with the
requirements
i t off 4.2.1(b)
4 2 1(b)
SANS 10400-XA:2010 - Energy Usage
SANS 10400-XA:2010 - Energy Usage
 SANS 10400-XA:2010
4.4.2 Floors

Where an underfloor heating system (e.g. in-screed,

underlaminate heating, undercarpet heating, undertile heating, cut-
i underfloor
in d fl h ti
heating, andd water-based
t b d underfloor
d fl h ti ) is
heating) i
installed, the heating system shall be insulated underneath the
slab with insulation that has a minimum R-value of not less then
1.0.
SANS 10400-XA:2010

4 4 3 External walls
4.4.3

4.4.3.1 Non-masonry walls shall achieve a minimum total R-value of

a) Climatic zones 1 and 6: 2.2

b) Climatic zones 2, 3, 4 and 5: 1.9
SANS 10400-XA:2010

4 4 3 3 Th
4.4.3.3 The following
f ll i types
t off masonry walling
lli comply
l with
ith the
th
R-value requirements:

a) Double-skin masonry with no cavity, plastered internally, or

rendered externally; or

Note: The cavity and grouted cavity walling systems exceed

the minimum R-value of 0.35

b) Single-leaf masonry walls with a nominal wall thickness greater

than or equal to 140mm (excluding plastering and rendering),
plastered internally and rendered externally.
externally

The requirements refer to the external walls of the habitable portions of

the building fabric only.
only
SANS 10400
10400-XA:2010
XA:2010 Building Envelope requirements
4.4.4 Fenestration

4 4 4 1 Buildings with up to 15% fenestration to nett floor area comply with

4.4.4.1
the minimum energy performance requirements

4.4.4.2 Buildings with a fenestration to nett floor area per storey that
exceeds 15% shall comply with the requirements for fenestration in
accordance with SANS 204

4.4.4.3 The fenestration air infiltration shall be in accordance with SANS 613.
Published August 2011

Scope
This Standard specifies the design
requirements
q for Energy
gy Efficiencyy in
buildings and of services in buildings
with natural environmental control and
artificial ventilation or air conditioning
systems.

Invokes SANS 204

In respect of Floors, Fenestration,
Roof and Ceilings.
g
SANS 204 - Tables for fenestration
Subsidized Housing
g
Typical
yp floor p
plan
Glazing calculations for compliance with Energy
Usage Legislation
1 Total sq.m
1. sq m = 40,95m
40 95m2 Net floor area = 35,295m
35 295m2
2. Constants for Conductance and Solar Heat Gain
Climatic Zone 1
Conductance C1 = 1.2 Solar Heat Gain CSHGC = 0,15
3 Wi
3. Window
d area: T Total
t l = 3,96
3 96 sq.m
North elevation = 2,16 m2 East elevation = 1,08m2
South elevation = 0 m2 West elevation = 00,72m
72m2
Single glazing throughout. Default U = 7,9 SHGC = 0,81
4. No over hang Solar exposure Factor E
North = 0,84 South = 0,87 East = 1,15 West = 1,40
Step 1: The aggregate conductance and aggregate solar heat gain of
glazing must not exceed:

Conductance = Net floor area x Cu = 35,295 x 1,2 = 42,354

Solar Heat Gain = Net floor area x CSHGC = 35,295 x 0,15 = 5,29425

Step 2: The aggregate conductance and SHG of glazing must be calculated

Conductance Default
Window area x U = 3,96
3 96 x 7,9
7 9 = 31,284
31 284 (Less than 42.354
42 354 in Step 1)

Solar Heat Gain Default

Window area x SHGC x E
North 2,16 x 0,81 x 0,84 = 1,47
East 1,08 x 0,81 x 1,15 = 1,01
West 0,72
0 72 x 0,81
0 81 x 1,40
1 40 = 0,82
0 82
3,30 (Less than 5.294 in Step 1)
SANS 204:2011 Building
g Sealing
g

4.4.1 Building
g Envelope
p
Roofs, external walls, and floors that form the building envelope and any
opening
i suchh as windows
i d andd ddoors iin th
the external
t l ffabric
b i shall
h ll bbe
constructed to minimize air leakage. The building sealing can be done by
methods
th d suchh as caulking,
lki or adding
ddi skirting,
ki ti architraves
hit or cornices.
i

4.4.2 Air infiltration and leakage

In climatic zones 1, 2, 4 and 6 the ceiling voids and attics shall be designed
so as to
t minimize
i i i airi infiltration.
i filt ti A
Accordingly,
di l wallll plate
l t andd rooff junctions
j ti
shall be sealed. All tile roofs in these climatic zones shall be tile underlay or
radiant
di t bbarrier
i andd th
the jjoints
i t shall
h ll bbe sealed.
l d Th
The jjoints
i t iin sheeted
h t d roofs f
shall be sealed.
SANS 204:2011 Building
g Sealing
g
4.4.3 Permissible air leakage
g (AL)
( )

4.4.3.1 Glazing and rooflights

4.4.3.1.1 Maximum permissible AL for openable glazing shall be 2.0/s.m2

with a pressure difference of 75Pa,
75Pa when tested in accordance with
SANS 613.
4 4 3 1 2 Maximum permissible AL for non
4.4.3.1.2 non-openable
openable glazing shall
0,31/s.m2 with a pressure difference of 75Pa, when tested in
accordance with SANS 613.
4.4.3.1.3 For glazed double action swing doors and revolving doors, the
maximum permissible AL shall be 5.0/s.m2 with a pressure
difference of 75Pa, when tested in accordance with SANS 613.
 Rotatable Guarded Hot Box (RGHB)

Dimensions Thermal AirLeakageMax

PTT
Width& Glass Transmittance 2.0/sec/m2
Windows
Height (W/m2c) @ 75Pa
@75Pa

Steel 1200 x1500

x 1500 4mm clear
4mmclear 5 59
5.59 More than 5 787
Morethan5.787

PVCu 1200 x 1500

1200x1500 4mm clear
4mmclear 4 95
4.95 2 544
2.544

Timber 1200 x 1500

1200x1500 4mm clear
4mmclear 50
5.0 3 466
3.466

Al i i
Aluminium 1200 1500
1200x1500 4
4mmclear
l 5 31
5.31 0 376
0.376
Heat loss through 1215 PTT windows
Pressure difference = 75 Pa
SANS 204
Roof Insulation
SANS 204 Roof Insulation
 10400 Part Title Edition Published

SANS 10400 A
B
General Principles and requirements
Structural design
3
3
Nov 2010
Sept 2012

consists
i t off C Dimensions 3 Oct 2010
D Public Safety 3 Jan 2011
the following E Demolition Work 3 Nov 2010 (within A)

parts:
F Site Operations 3 May 2010
G Excavations 3 Jan 2011
H Foundations 3 Sept 2012
J Floors 3 Oct 2010
K Walls 3 Mar 2011
L Roofs 3 Nov 2011
M St i
Stairways 3 A 2011
Apr
N Glazing 3.1 Mar 2012 (3 Feb 2010)
O Lighting and Ventilation 3 Jan 2011
P Drainage 3 Oct 2010
Q Non-water-borne means of sanitary disposal 3 Mar 2011
R Storm water Disposal 3 Sept 2012
S Facilities for persons with disabilities 3 Apr 2011
T Fire Protection 3 Mar 2011
U Refusal Disposal 3 Nov 2010 (within A)
V Space heating 3 Jun 2010
W Fire Installation 3 Mar 2011
XA Energy Usage in Buildings 1 Aug 2011
 SABS 0400:1990 SANS 10400 - New

Part B Structural design 5 pages Ed 3 35 pages

Part H - Foundations 2 pages DSS

Part J Floors 2 pages Ed 3 13 pages

Part K Walls 8 pages Ed 3 93 pages

Part L Roofs 6 pages Ed 3 55 pages

Part M Stairways 3 pages Ed 3 10 pages

Part N Glazing 5 pages Ed 3.1 14 pages

SANS 10400-B
Requirements: General

The functional regulations pertaining to structural design contained in

part B of the National Building Regulations shall be deemed to be
satisfied,
ti fi d subject
bj t to
t buildings
b ildi i dolomite
in d l it land
l d complying
l i with
ith the
th
requirements of 4.4, where the structural systems of the building:

a) Complies with the requirements of parts H, J, K, L, M and N of

SANS 10400 and, in the case of timber buildings, with the
requirements
q of SANS 10082;;
b) Is the subject of a rational design or a rational assessment
prepared by a Competent Person (Structures) in accordance with
the requirements of 4.2;
4 2;
c) Is the subject of an Agrment certificate in accordance with the
requirements of 4.3; or
d) Is in accordance with a combination of (a) to (c) above.
SANS 10400: Part B

4.2 Rational design

g and rational assessment

4.2.1 General

4.2.1.1 The design working life of a building other than a category 1 building
shall be not less than 30 years in respect of the structural system and non-
accessible components, and 15-years for repairable or replaceable
components
p and materials, such as claddings,
g roofingg materials, exterior
trims, and integrated components, such as windows and doors. Category 1
buildings may have a design life of not less than 10-years in respect of
repairable
i bl or replaceable
l bl components, t provided
id d that
th t provision
i i for
f upgrading
di is i
made at the design stage of such upgrading does not require the removal or
dismantling of the existing structure and does not require highly specialized
skills to be applied.
Published May 2010

Eff ti June
Effective J 2010
SANS 10160-3:2010 Edition 1
SANS 10160-3:2010 Edition 1
 AAAMSA Practice Note Wind Load (Feb 11
11
11))
Pursuant to our Cautionary Notice dated 1 September 2010 and subsequent to consultation with Dr Adam Goliger
(CSIR) Dr Ron Watermeyer (Past Chairman SANS TC59) and Neil MacLeod (Pure Consulting) we advise as follows:
(CSIR),

Performance Category A0 is no longer applicable to external fenestration and is withdrawn with immediate effect.

This is a consequence of the publication of SANS 10160-3:2010 Edition 1 in May 2010 which changed the method of
determining wind load on fenestration (amongst other)

All Test Performance Certificates for Category A0 products are hereby withdrawn and will not be included in
matrixes after March 2011.
2011 Members having such certificates are urged to re-test their A0 products to A1 or higher
requirements.

A number of members have only Test Performance Certificates for Category A0 products and will no longer feature
in the Matrixes published after March 2011.
2011

The members concerned have until September 2011 to test products to A1 or higher category failing which their
membership will lapse. (AAAMSA National Executive Committee 26/1/2011)
Suppliers of Architectural Aluminium Systems holding Performance Compliance Reports for Category A0 products
are likewise advised that these reports are hereby withdrawn.

In terms of the National Building Regulations the wind load must be determined by a Competent Person
(Structures) based on SANS 10160.
10160 In view of this members must obtain wind load in ALL instances from a
Competent Person (Structures). Members should not determine the wind load under any circumstances.
Published March 2012

Wind load resistance and water

penetration.
N1 Type and Fixing of Glazing

(1) Any material used in the glazing of any building shall be of a secure and
durable type and shall be fixed in a manner and position that will ensure
that it will-

a) Safely sustain any wind action which can reasonably be expected;

b) Not
N t allow
ll penetration
t ti off water
t tot the
th interior
i t i off the
th building;
b ildi andd

c) Be apparent,
apparent in the case of clear glazing,
glazing to any person approaching
such glazing;
N1 Type and Fixing of Glazing
(2) Glass
Glass, plastics and organic coated glass shall be selected in order to
provide, in the case of human impact, a degree of safety appropriate in
relation to
to-

(a) The position of the glazed area; and

(b) The number and likely behaviour pattern of persons expected to be in

close proximity of such glazed area;
(3) The requirements of sub-regulations (1) and (2) shall be deemed to be
satisfied where the gglazingg material is selected, fixed and marked
in accordance with SANS 10400-N
 SANS 10400 Part N

4.2.2. FRAMING (irrespective of material type)

Glazing shall comply with all the requirements of SANS 613 for the wind and
impact loads as determined in accordance with the requirements of SANS
10400-B by a Competent Person (Structures).

Obtain AAAMSA Performance Test Certificate to confirm compliance

with SANS 613.

N t Mi
Note: Minimum
i wind
i d lload:
d EExternal
t l application
li ti - 1000Pa
1000P (A1)
Internal application - 600Pa
 Published Standard

Scope
This part of SANS 10400 provides deemed-to-
satisfy requirements for compliance with
P t T (Fi
Part (Fire Protection)
P t ti ) off the
th National
N ti l
Building Regulations.

Note: Part T of the National Building

Regulations, issued in terms of the
N ti l B
National Building
ildi Regulations
R l ti andd
Building Standards Act, 1977 (Act N0o.
103 of 1977), is reproduced in Annex A.
 Published Standard

Scope
This standard covers the classification, usage
and application requirements for under-
rooff and
d side-cladding
id l ddi insulating
i l ti
materials, liners, insulated wall and roof
panels, insulated ceilings and insulated
wall and ceiling coating systems for use
in buildings of unlimited height when
exposed to an ignition source.

It d
does nott cover fire
fi resistance
i t properties
ti off
products.

Note: Fire resistance properties are covered

in SANS 10177-2
SANS 428:2012
Edition 2
Table A4 Limitations on the use of materials Table A4 Limitations on the use of materials
Occupancy Occupancy Single and Occupancy Occupancy Single and
Class double storey Class double storey
buildings buildings
Required Required
classification classification

A1 Entertainment and public assembly 1 E1 Place of detention 1

A2 Theatrical and indoor sport 2 E2 Hospital 1
A3 Places of instruction 2 E3 Other institutional (residential) 1
A4 W hi
Worship 2
E4 Healthcare 2
A5 Outdoor sport 4
F1 Large shop 3
B1 High risk commercial services 2
F2 Small shop 3
B2 M d t risk
Moderate i k commercial
i l service
i 2
F3 Wholesalers store 3
B3 Low risk commercial service 3
G1 Offices 3
C1 Exhibition hall 2
H1 Hotel 1
C2 M
Museum 2
H2 Dormitory 1
D1 High risk industrial 2
H3 Domestic residence 3
D2 Moderate risk industrial 2

3 H4 Dwelling houses 3
D3 L risk
Low i k industrial
i d ti l

D4 Plant Room 1 J1 High risk storage 2

E1 Place of detention 1 J2 Moderate risk storage 2

E2 H it l
Hospital 1 J3 Low risk storage 3

E3 Other institutional (residential) 1 J4 Parkinggarage 4

E4 Healthcare 2
SANS 10400-T:2011
Edition 3

4.9 Partition walls and partitions

4.9.1 Any
y partition
p or p
partition wall in any
y occupancy
p y

a) Shall have a nominal fire resistance of not less than 30 min and be
non-combustible,
non combustible, or

b) Where combustible materials are present, shall not contribute a

fire load of more than 5kg/m2 of floor area in a division

Provided that wall finishes comply with the requirements of 4.15

Plasterboardpartition
from 3600 to 8000mm
from3600to8000mm
inheight
Plasterboardpartition
over 8000mm in
over8000mmin
height
Plasterboardpartition
up to 4200mm in
upto4200mmin
height
 At plan approval stage:
Obtain copy of AAAMSA Performance Compliance Report from the Aluminium System Suppliers or

Obtain a copy of the appropriate AAAMSA Performance Test Certificate from the
Manufacturer/Specialist Contractor supplying/installing the Glazed Architectural Products.

Prior commencement of any site work:

1) Obtain a copy of the appropriate AAAMSA Performance Test Certificate from the
Manufacturer/Specialist Contractor supplying / installing the Architectural Aluminium Products
2) Obtain a full set of detailed manufacturing drawings / manuals relevant to the installed products

Upon completion of all site work (at handover) obtain the following Certificates:
a) AAAMSA Performance Test Certificate
b) AAAMSA or SAGGA Glass & Glazing Certificate
c) AAAMSA Surface Finishing Certificate
d)) AAAMSA or SASA Skylight
y g System
y Certificate
e) AAAMSA Architectural Product Certificate
f) SAFIERA Energy Rating Certificate
Questions & Answers