EEP841-Electrical Machines Laboratory

Department Of Electrical Engineering, IIT Delhi

CYCLE-01 / EXPERIMENT-02

STUDY OF STEADY STATE PERFORMANCE OF SYNCHRONOUS

GENERATOR AND OBTAIN ITS PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Objective:
a) Conduct (i) No-Load Test, (ii) Short Circuit Test, (iii) Stator Winding Resistance Test &
(iv) Load Test.
b) Obtain (i) d-axis and q-axis Reactance, (ii) External Curves and (iii) Full Load Voltage
Regulation.
c) Compute the following characteristics: (i) Terminal Voltage vs. Output Power, (ii)
Current vs. Output Power, (iii) Efficiency vs. Output Power at different power factors
using the parameters in (a).

Apparatus Required:
1) Power Analyzer
2) Multimeter
3) Tachometer
4) Ammeter
5) Rheostat
6) Single Phase Auto Transformer
7) Three Phase Auto Transformer
8) Three Phase Load

Circuit Diagram:

Fig.1: No Load Test

 A
R
A1
V DC SYNC Y
M/C M/C
A
B
A2

A
F1 F1

F2 F2

Fig.2: Short Circuit Test

Fig.3 Slip Test

230 V 1-PH AC

220 V DC
220 V DC

Fig.4: Load Test

230 V AC SUPPLY

A
R
A1
V
Y
A2
B

F1
220 V DC

F2

Fig.5: Swinburnes Test

 Fig.6: Stator Resistance Test

Procedure:

a) No Load Test:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the Fig.1.
2. Start the synchronous machine with the help of dc machine and bring it to rated speed
3. Now increase the excitation in steps till rated voltage appears across the terminals and note
down the voltage and field current readings at each step.
b) Short Circuit Test:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the Fig.2.
2. Start the synchronous machine using dc machine and bring it to rated speed.
3. Increase the excitation till rated current is flowing in the armature and note down the readings
of If and Ia.
c) Slip Test:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the Fig.3.
2. Keeping the field terminal open apply 25% of rated voltage across the stator terminals
through 3-ph auto transformer.
3. Now observe the voltages across the open circuited field terminals. If they become too high
it indicates that the field is produced due to the negative sequence currents.
4. The low voltage indicates the positive sequence movement of the field.
5. Now observe the variations across the voltmeter and the ammeter meters.
6. Note down the maximum and minimum deflection values of the pointer.
7. Find the values of Xq, Xd from the formulas available.

d) Load Test:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig.4.
2. Start the synchronous machine using dc machine and bring it to rated speed.
3. Switch on the field supply for synchronous machine.
 4. Switch on the three phase load in steps and note down the voltage, current and power
readings.

e) Swinburnes Test:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig.5.
2. Switch on the field supply for DC machine.
3. Apply rated voltage across the armature through single phase auto transformer and note down
the current, voltage and power readings.

f) Stator Resistance Test:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in the fig-2
2. Apply small DC voltage across one of the stator terminals.
3. Note down the voltage and current ratings and calculate resistance.
4. Repeat the steps for all three phases.

g) Retardation Test:
1. Switch on the field supply of synchronous machine.
2. Apply voltage across its stator using three phase auto transformer and run it to rated speed.
3. Measure the voltage and switch off the supply.
4. Measure dN/dt using oscilloscope.

Tabulation:
No Load Test:
Sl. No. Eg(Volts) IF(Amps)
1.
2.

Short Circuit Test:

Sl. No. IF(Amps) ISC(A)
1.
2.

Slip Test:
V MIN VMAX IMIN IMAX
Load Test:
VLOAD ILOAD VDC IDC SPEED PO(DC) PO(SM)

Swinburnes Test:
VDC IDC VF IF N P

Stator Resistance Test:

Voltage(V) Current(A)