PROBLEM 2.

28
KNOWN: Steady-state temperature distribution in a cylindrical rod having uniform heat generation
of q& 1 = 5 107 W / m3 .

FIND: (a) Steady-state centerline and surface heat transfer rates per unit length, q r . (b) Initial time
rate of change of the centerline and surface temperatures in response to a change in the generation rate
from q& 1 to q& 2 = 108 W/m3 .

SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) One-dimensional conduction in the r direction, (2) Uniform generation, and (3)
Steady-state for q& 1 = 5 107 W / m3 .
ANALYSIS: (a) From the rate equations for cylindrical coordinates,
T T
q r = k q = -kA r .
r r
Hence,
T
q r = k ( 2 rL )
r
or
T
q r = 2kr (1)
r
where T/r may be evaluated from the prescribed temperature distribution, T(r).
At r = 0, the gradient is (T/r) = 0. Hence, from Equation (1) the heat rate is

qr ( 0 ) = 0. <
At r = ro, the temperature gradient is

T

r r=r
o

= 2 4.167 105

K
2
m
( 5
)
( ro ) = 2 4.167 10 ( 0.025m )
T
= 0.208 105 K/m.
r r=r
o

Continued ..
 PROBLEM 2.28 (Cont.)
Hence, the heat rate at the outer surface (r = ro) per unit length is

qr ( ro ) = 2 [30 W/m K ] ( 0.025m ) 0.208 105 K/m

qr ( ro ) = 0.980 105 W/m. <

(b) Transient (time-dependent) conditions will exist when the generation is changed, and for the
prescribed assumptions, the temperature is determined by the following form of the heat equation,
Equation 2.26
1 T T
kr + q& 2 = cp
r r r t
Hence
T 1 1 T
= r r kr r + q& 2 .
t cp
However, initially (at t = 0), the temperature distribution is given by the prescribed form, T(r) = 800 -
52
4.16710 r , and
1 T k
kr =
r r r r r
(
r -8.334 105 r
)
=
k
r(16.668 105 r )
= 30 W/m K -16.668 105 K/m 2

= 5 107 W/m3 ( the original q=q

& &1 ) .

Hence, everywhere in the wall,

T 1 5 107 + 108 W/m3
=
t 1100 kg/m 800 J/kg K
3

or
T
= 56.82 K / s. <
t

COMMENTS: (1) The value of (T/t) will decrease with increasing time, until a new steady-state
condition is reached and once again (T/t) = 0. (2) By applying the energy conservation requirement,
& in E out
Equation 1.12c, to a unit length of the rod for the steady-state condition, E + E& gen
= 0.

( )
Hence qr ( 0 ) qr ( ro ) = q&1 ro2 .