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29
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30
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31
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32
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33
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APUVU?

34
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yp

35
lTlT UR]j RtTjR. GiYm ]lTm
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C\Yu ClTl TjRY[oLu Yt [dLU]

36
CVtL JTm UdL V! U\L SjLoLs m
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RtTL[V [du\! C\Y] SmeLs.
SpYp YeLs! TeLl APoLs! Gum JlTt\
CuTjPu Clo!

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ELjR C\Yu YdL Et\u A[l Tt\u.
- Ys[Xo.

Tu]mTXm

37

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38
EoLu Am BQYjRp GiQt\ YLLp EVo
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Cd Liu TPX U\l, UuU - YuU -
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39
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[ PlTh Cd\. HRm J (du) [ YV

40
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yp
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41
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42
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36 RjYeLs
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U T\RRXV CYoLd ALW EU
LdLlT\. TW ETLWm U Tt\p CqoLm
TWL Tm.

Y UV Gum AjR UVp C\Yu

SPVLj Rp VUp U\LUL UtV ALW
EU Tt\ EoLs Xm Rp \u. CkR ALW

43
EU Tt\ \l EoLs, Y UVVd Li Y
UV EXLeL[l TPlTPu l EoLd EV
EPmL[m TPlToLs. Sm EPm V UVp
RtdLlThP Ik RjYeLPu Y UVp
RtdLlThP 31 RjYeL[m EPV. SpPm
YndLl Tt\ UR EoLd UhU 36 RjYeLm
\lTL AUkdm. URs Xdm rYLlThP Eo
YLLdm \TLs EPV 36 RjYeLs LiP
EPmT Pdm. CRtd LWQm BQY U\l
YTL[m. ]V[oLdj RiP] LWQULm
F]m EPV EPm (UR U\) PlT Um J
LWQm.

C 31 RjYeLs YU; 1. LXm, 2. V, 3. LX,

4. jR, 5. AWLm, 6. Pu, 7. UV, 8. U]m, 9, j,
10, jRm, 11. ALeLWm, 12. Un (Rp), 13. Yn (Sd),
14. Li, 15. d, 16. N, 17. Yd, 18. Lp (TRm),
19. L (T), 20. GYn (T), 21. LYn (ETjRm),
22. dU BLVm, 23. dUd Lt, 24. dU Sl,
25. dUo, 26. dU Xm, 27. X BLVm, 28.Xd
Lt, 29. X Sl, 30. X o, 31. X Xm.

IYL EPm
EoLd IYL EPmLs Es[]. AY,
1.LWQNWm, 2.LgLNWm, 3.QNWm, 4.dUNWm,
5.XNWm. NWm Gm EPm Gm Ju\. CqPmLs
YWm YU:

1. LWQ NWm: LXm, V, UV Gum u

RjYeL[ EPVR LWQ EPm. LXm Vm
TYL.

2. LgL NWm: LXm, V, LX, jR, AWLm

Gum Ik RjYeL[ EPV LgL EPm. Ced
V LXm Vm \l YLVm. u V LWQ
EPm Cp APdLUm.

44
 3. Q NWm: U]m, j, jRm, ALeLWm Gum
Su RjYeL[ EPV Q EPm. u V LgNL
NWm LWQ NWm Q NWjp APdLUm.

4. dU NWm: Un, Yn, Li, d, N Gum

dU ARp L (O]kVm) Ikm Yd, TRm, T,
T, ETjRm Gum dU NnRp L (LuUkVm)
Ikm Xm, o, , Lt, BLVm Gum dU ImReLm
BL UjRm 15 RjYeL[ EPV dU EPm. dU
EPmp uV u EPmLm APdLm.

5. X NWm: X ARp LLs - 5, X NnRp

LLs - 5, X ImReLs - 5 BL UjRm 15 RjYeL[d
LiP X EPm. CjX EPmp u V Su
EPmLm APdLm.

EoLu Td YW
VhP LVm: LWQ, LgL, Q NWeL[ EPVR
VhP LVm. ClVhP LVm A A[ EPV. Rp
TPldLXm RPe C Ald LXm YW
AVlT. \LsRm dU EPmm, X EPmm
UTL[d Lidm. B]p AlTP EPmT]
ClVhP LVm UT APVUp AlTV C Ald
LXmYW jdm. ClVhP LV EPm JqY
Edm JW J \Ru BiPYu A[p RWlTm.
C Ald LXjp VhP LVm AdLlThPp
CWiPYRL JTm RWlTP UhP. EoLs
GidLVt\] GuTm EXLeLs GidLd
EhThP] GuTm LWQeL[m. EoLs GidLVt\]
GuTRp J T EoLs TWL ApX SWL L Tm.
Cu] T EoLs \ YhPjt Yk EPm, LWQm,
EXLm, Lo CYL[l Tm. Um J T EoLs
BQY U\lTp CVdLUtf NPm Tp Pdm. CkX
LQdLt\ EoLd EV EPmL[d Ljm U\Y
U\. BQY U\lTp NPm Tp Pdm EoLdd
LXm Gum RjYm NVpTYpX. G]Y, BQY
U\lTp NPm Tp Pdm EoLs \f Zd YkRm

45
u u YT CdL. CP SdL (ARY TV
CPm CpXR) XUVp GidLVt\ A]j
EoLdm JW SWjp \ LdL V. C Sm
UiXp GpX EoLm JW NUVjp URl \d
YWUp Xo C\km Xo Yrkm Xo \km Cdu\
XU]m EQWXm. ClVhP LVjp Eo
NodLlThPp P RjYm NVtTm.

t\m Qm
Y UV, Qm t\m EPV. CmUVVp
BdLlThP EXLeLm Qm t\m EPV].
CmUVVp RtdLlThP EPmLm Qm t\m
EPV]. gO]LXd EV EPm, LWQm, EXLm, Lo
CY t\lT R[Y EPV. W[VLXd EV
EPm, LWQm, EXLm, Lo CY KW[ ALd t\lT
EPV. NLXd EVY LL ALd t\lT EPV.
CmUiXp Ym Sm A]Ym NLXo Gum p
APdLm. Sm UiX, t\m Qm EPVRn
ClTRp JW NUVjp BdLm Am (X SdLm, GUX
LdLp, LPtTWX A, \Y, XfN Tu\])
HtTu\]. Sm EPm Qm t\m EPVRn
ClTRp SW, W, , l, NdL CY HtTu\].
ZkRl TYjp Sm EPmp QlT km t\lT
\km Cd\. \V] JdL\ YrdL
YrkRp, EPmu QlT ALdLm t\lT
RLjRu ALdm. JdLUt\ YrdL EPmu
QlTVd \lTPu t\l TVl TU[p
ALdLf Nnm. NLd LpVd Lt ARuT Sm RYVt
UtLiPp EPmu t\lT \YPu QlT
UmTm. RY ofu TV]p t\lT Ym
dLlTh Sm EPm (V UVu ERVp) V EPmTL
Um. CqY V EPm TYR TWL - YLVm. V
EPm Tt\YW UWQjR Yu\Yo.

46
 UPo BRp A
C EoLd GjR GlXV URl \
LdLlTP UhP. KW, DW G]l TlTVLY \Ls
LdLlTh Cp URl \ LdLlTm. URl
\d YkR A]Ym NLd Lp Ltl TWL T\ Lm
LUVL EZdL Yim. SjLo EhTP A]j UdLm
SoUVLm YnUVLm nUVLm YrkRp,
UWQm HtTm im im URl \V PdLl
Ttj RYVtVp TWL TY CVXdVR.

Gm \Um T\Y \Um

CRt U\Lj ]L[V UtLsm
JdLUt\Yu (TX URl \Ls LdLlThm), k
SpYd YWhPp AYu URl \V im Gdm
RV CZdL Sm. AlT AYd C YLs Es[].
AY, 1. Gm \U, 2. T\Y \U. CXdL
APYp Gm \Up LX hlm RPLm
Cdm. T\Y \U, LXd dLm BdLm
EPV. G]Y, T\Y \UV \kR. CYts
HRm J \U UtLsm EU, UtT
JdLUt\Yd Ei.
Gm \U: JdLUt\Yu TYjR TU[
dLlTh im KW, DW G] u]l TlTVL
EVok im URl \d
YY. C Sm UiXp
Cj Rop R\RYu
im SWVLj Ro
GRUp UTm TZV
YlXV UQY]Lf
NoYRt Jl.
T\Y \U: JdL Ut\Yu TYjR
TU[ \dLlTh im H \ URl \V
PdL YnlTlT. C Rop RYVYd im Rof
APV Su VtLs AlTRt Jl.

47
 JdLUt\Ydj RWlTm H
\Lm SpY UtLi
TWL Tm Ynl, CVpTL URl
\d YkRY]P ALULY
Cdm rXV BiPYu
AYo. CqYdLUt\Ym
U]m kd PjR YnlT Su
TVuTjd Li SpYd
YkRp H \ GuT GT \VLm PdLl Ttl
TWL T\j RPVm PV. H \ GuT Y]
A[Lp BL.

TZeLs \Um LR \Um

B]p, PjR H \Lm im im ]
L[V TdV JdLUt\Yu UTm URl \ Gdm
RV CZkRp AlTm AYd C YLs Es[].
AY, 1. LR Rnk LhPm Bm LR \U.
2. Zd o TnfY Tm TreLs \U.
(Ls - LsL, T - Tr)

1. LR \U: UtT
JdLUt\Yd u \dLlThPl TYj
R im NodLlThl TYeLu TV]
IkR, SuL G]lTlTVLd rXl
\Lp nj (ATj) p u
V Gm \Ud YYu.

2. TreLs \U: TV]t\ Tr. Ls

Gu\p LsL. Zd o Tnf Sp AdL U?
V. LR \UV HtL mTR UtT
JdLUt\Yu Cm\UV m Ht\u.

C[[u GuTYu GYu?

C\Yu CpX GuTm C\Y] GolTm
TreLs Bm. Cm\d Jld LiPYu SWLL
TTYu BYu. SWL Ld Jld LiPYu C[[u.
C[[u GuTYu BiPYu R]dd LmU LRUp

48
NnR SuV U\k - SuVd Lu BiPY]V
GolTYu BYu. \ URjRYo dm NjRm CY].
TreLs \UV Pd
LR \UV HtLj RdL.
LV t\Y JYu
LYXoL[p YLVL Uhd
LiPp R]d SW Cdm
jWYRdm RiP]dm
Agj Ru]jR] Unjd
LsYR Sm TojRpXV?
jWYRd JlT] LR
\U. RiP]d JlT]
Gm \U. CYtd
AgV JdLUt\ Yu]gNdLWu TreLs \UVj
RokRd\u. SWL L T\m RVeYpX. AlTV
LR \Up rkRm p TWL R]dd
Pdm Gum SmdLV CZlTm JdLUt\Y]l
TreLs \Udf Nnd\.

C, SWL Ld Jld LiP C[[u. LXm

tuTm (TuTUu) TYu. C, NnR t\jt
UWQ RiP] Tt Wp NLlT\Ydf
\XV EQ, Uk Ryp ypV]Yt\d LlTRt
yp
Jl. C[[dd Pdm tuTm X LXm UhU.
LWQm, jR Y NuUodLm Xe]p C[[u Ru
CYWj nj YkR tuT YrY CZk SWL LdL
NpYu.

C[[u A YXLs
C SWL Ld JldLiP C[[u, Ru R]d
Su Rkkm jR Y NuUodLm Xem Ss YWj
Ru]p kR A[t SpXYo VYo Gum TT Cu
A]YWm JdLUt\YWdLm C\ SmdLVd
Xjm UiXL CuTU Y]RLd LmTf Nnm
TWLd UtLsm RYVt iYX G] CTjm
Cum CYTm Af NnLL[f Nn LiP

49
ClTu. \o uTjp Ru CuTm LiTm Ru Tt\
SWL LV Ut\YoLm T\ Yim Gum V SdLjp
A YXLp DTYm C[[u NnLL[m.

\U [dLm
C, Gm \Up YkRYd im Gm
\Udf NpXm, LR \Up rkRYd
im LR \Udf NpXm Ynl LdLlTP
UhP.

Gm \U: 1. Gm \U, 2. T\Y \U,

3. LR \U, 4. T\Y \U. LR \U:
1. LR \U, 2. Gm \U, 3. T\Y \U.

C, u V Gm \U, T\Y \U,

LR \U CYtd EhThPYoLm CYts ZUp
RljRYoLm p TWL ApX SWL L CYts HRm
Ju\l TYoLs. VYoLs - ]V[oLs NpY
SWL L. C[[oLs HtT SWL L. VYoL[ Pd
LVYoLs C[[oLs. Cl TWL Utm SWL L
GuT]Ytu [dLm YU:

TWL [dLm
TWL: TWm - UX], L - X, TWL Gu\p UX]
X. Y L GuTm CY. Cef YL GuT \kR
XVV dm. V UV Utm Y UV CYt\p
BdLlThP EXLeLp im \d YWUp CuTm UhU
LiP LLj nUV] EXLeLp Gum JlTt\
CuTjPu Cdm RVl TYR TWL. jR Y
NuUodLm Xem LXm YW UpX (TWL) Tt\YoLs
V UVVp BdLlThP EXLeLp TuTjPu Ck
Li Ut\ EoLm TWL T\ BY] NnYoLs. jR
Y NuUodLm Xe]p TWL Tt\YoLs SW JlTt\
CuTjRl TYoLs. TWL Tm R EPVYoLs EV
VtV UtLi p JlTt\ CuTm TYoLs.
TWL Tt\Yu VhP LVm AdLlTPUp LLj
nUVL Ut\lTh CuT EXp JlTt\ CuTjPu Gum

50
CdLf NnVlTm. C\Yu AlTY]Lm Eo
TYRLm CuT Xm Cdm. CkR CuTX, Sm
GiQjtm Npdm AlTtThP.

SWL L [dLm
SWL L: C rX. CY AY L Utm NY LVm.
Y UVVp BdLlThP EXLeLp im \
YhPjd YWUp Lm nUVt\ (AjRU]) EXLeLp
NjR EPm Tp Akd PlTR SWL L. SWL L Tt\Yu
VhP LVm tm AdLlThj uT EXd EV
Lm AdPV EPmT RWlTh Gum uTjp AkRf
NnVlTm. Uip RdLlThP EPmTp SWL L
Tt\YoLs (AdPm Tt) AdXLeLp Akf NPm
Tp CVdLUt ClToLs. Ru SWL L Ttj
uTjyp
ypdm XUPj RVUp, SWL L Tt\Yu
yp
AVU Chp Akd PlTu. Sm UiXp
C\kRYoLdLL ] ShLp StNVpLs NnY VYm
AkR. CTXY BiPYm Ru RlTW[p SWL
L Tt\YoLdm (AYoL[ Gljf) LXm
AqYlT (LX CPY h) Ad EXLeLXV
AtT CuTm Lj im uTjp Aj Yu.
CkR CXm (SWL L) Sm GiQjtm Npdm
AlTtThPR.

C[[oLs
C C[[oLs, SWL L Tt\YoLs - SWL L Tm
Xp ClTYoLs Gum C p APeYoLs. SWL
L Tt\Yu jR Y NuUodLm Xem YWf LXm
tuTm YUV EXLeLp TYPu \ EoLs
SWL L T\ BY] Nn LilTu. SWL L Tm
Xp Es[ C[[u tuTjPu SPVL A]j
YLm UdL[ SWL LdjRs[Y Lm TTYu.
C[[oLs Y UV EXLeLs A]jm F
StTdd L[ Tp A YXL[f NnYoLs.
ClpL[ C]m LiT Am A. LWQm
CqYgNLoLs ReL[l Tp RnYeLm RnY Td

51
Es[YoLm \o CdL UhPoLs Gu SmU[t Lm
Su\LY Sj HnlToLs.
C[[oLu A YXLs YWm YU:
1. BiPYd CQ YlT. ARY C\Yu
JY] Gum LsLVj RLolT. X t\ UR
EoL[j RnYeL[Ld Lh C\YPu RPo Ltj
p C\Y] U\dLjl Typ
ypj RnYeL[V YTPf
yp
NnY.
2. C\ SmdLVj RLolT. C\ YThPm
oXlT. IkR Utm CRtm s[ A YL
EoL[j RnYeL[dY.
3. C\Y] YQeY Tp Sj AkR
C\Y] RmRu Gu EWlT.
4. BiPYdm EoLdm YT Gm
PV Gum BiPY] A]j EoL[nj Rt\m
Gjd\u Gum HnlT.
5. CkR EXLm Tn. EPmm Tn. GpXm Tn.
G] CqY\pXm p ReLd UtT EiU
A HtThPRp ReLs NjRm ReLs Eo TW]
C\YPu YT CpXUp Jum GuT. Sp],
] CY ReLd CpX GuT.
6. r UdLd AtT SuUL[f Nn, AR]p
C\ YT NnV PUp ReL[V YQeLf NnY.
7. uTm ShP SWjp C\ YlThm, RY
VtVm UtT Cu]p HtThPRL HnlT.
8. UiXL CuTjtm TQjtm AL RuU
(dVm) Ljj RY VtVd LlT.

9. Gu]Ru Vu\m Cl\p RY Vt

TV]dL G]d , C GdLlTm \Lp UhU
RYm Lm G] SVYgNLm EWlT.

52
 Cum CYTpY] A]jm C\ SmdL
EPVYoL[f Wdm NVpL[m. C\
SmdLVt\Yo[ YglT Lm G. G]Y
YdLlTPpX.

dLULf NpX YiUp, Typ

ypj RnYeL[
yp
(C[[oL[) C\Y]Lf jdm URm, NUVm EhTP
A]j YL SjL URm, SjL NUVm Utm CYL[
[dm NjW pLs GpXm C[[oLu LYNL[m
(YgNLeL[m).

F [dLm
C[[oLu YgNLd NVpL[p jR Y NuUodLm
Xem LXm RsdLiP T\. C[[oLs jR
Y NuUodLm Xe]p ReLd Cdm tuT Yrm
TTn SWL LdL NpX Sm GuTRp Lm YuUVLf
NuUodLm XeYR GpX YLm Rd\oLs. Sm
UiXLm SpYL FL[d LiP. AY: 1. \
(RLm), 2. \ (WRLm), 3. R (YTWLm),
4. A (Lyp
ypLm). jR Y NuUodLm XeLU]XV
yp
CkR SpYL FLm mTj mTj RPou\]. jR
Y NuUodLm Xe]p UtLi CkR F YTLs
YWUp O] F Gum O] jRu LXm Uhm SPTm.
O] jRu LXjp C\Yu BQVp Sm UiXLju
t\l TLs V UVVp dLlTh UiXLU
TuXLUL Um. UiXLm nUmT Sm
Td EhThP A]jj Y UV EXLeLm nU
Tm. GpX EXLeLm nU TYRp EoLu u
YTLm U\k Sm Td EhThP A]j
EoLm TWL ApX SWL L CYts Ju\V Tm.
Um C\kRYoLs ReLs YrkR EPmLXV Eo Tt
GYoLs. Ys[Xo Tm A[[oLPu EU LiP
UtT Eo Tt\YoLs R CkRp RY Vt UtLi
UpX (TWL) TYoLs. RVt\YoLs tuTm Uhm
Ryp
ypp TYoLs. EV CPjp R TtdLiPp
yp
CYoLm p TWL TYoLs.

53
 A[[m C[[m
TWL Tt\Ym, Tm R]m A[[oLs.
A[[oLs CmUiXp UdL[ SpYlTjl TWL
T\f NnYRtL \ Gdu\oLs. B]p C[[oLs
(\ Gj) UdL[d Zlm, Hnjm SWL L
T\YdLY V \p Y SPj\oLs. BiPYu
SXV[u. UdL[ SpYlTjR A[[oLd
YnlTm EUVm LlT TXY UdLu GiQ
EV UmTjRY C[[oLs Xm Bnd
(NR]d) EhTj\u. C[[oLs, Typ f
NVoL[Lm, UPTL[Lm TpY YLLp Cum
CmUiXp \kd\oLs. CYoLm V Yp
ThV NpYoLm SWL L Tm Xp ClTYoL[!

C[[dl TY UulT?
TWLVl Tp SWL Lm CmUiXLjXV
TYRm. Xo, C[[oLd SWL L Hu LdL
Yim? AYoL[m Uuj im URl \
LdLd PR? G] ]YXm. LX, Ls[, LtTl
Ryp
ypV t\eL[V NnR J t\Ydf NhPjRp UWQ
yp
RiP] YZeLlT\. Bs RiP]m X NUVm
RWlT\. Cdt\YdLL VWY Tk Li,
AYu GjR] BhL[ YiU]m Yhf
NndLhm! GeL YiU]m Ls[VdLhm!
GjR]l TiL[ YiU]m LtTdLhm!
CqY[ Hu? Gu TQjRm Phm! Gu
U]Vm LtTdLhm! Gu UL[m Cjf
NpXhm! Gu]m YiU]p LX NnVhm!
Asok AY] Uuj YV AYu lTlT
SPdL h eLs G] YiTYm CqXp EiP?
BiPYu TWL LdLY (EoLd) EPm, LWQm,
EXLm, Lo CYt\ A[, EoLs JdLd LPn SPk
p SWL L Ttd LiPp A EoLu t\UVm.

54
 EXL [dLm
UV Gum Es[ AVl Ts. Y UV t\m
Qm EPV. jR Y NuUodLm Xe]p GpX
EXm nUm. Gm Y UVu t\l T
AVRRp CjY UVVp BdLlThP EXLeLs
nUmT t\l T RV dLlThd t\l T
UhU LiP Ad (uT) EXLeLs EYdLlTm.
CkR Ad EXLeL[ SWL L Tt\ EoLd EV].
Qm UhU LiP LLj nUV] EXLeLs (CuT
EXLeLs) TWL Tt\ EoLd EV].

Ap TY
Ys[Xo YnfNp tm EiU. jR Y
NuUodLm XeYm E - E. NjRYoLs GYm
SPdLY Cd\. G]Y, NjRYo GmTm Tojd
Ls[Xm G]d LXm Rs[Up EP] NLd Lp Lt
EV RY VtV UtLs[ Yim. LWQm, UWQm
GlT YiU]m HtTPdV. TWL Tm RV
EPu CdmTR GpX YLm ETjd
Ls[Yim. GjR Cu]pLs HtTm U]m R[WUp
RY Vtp Uhm Lim LjUL CdL Yim.
TWL TY AV - TV NVp. C]fNodLd SPTm
TWhPjp t\ EoLs X NUVeLp ReLs EWm
CZdu\]. G]Y EWm TQVm Yj Lm
LUVL (TWL T\) EZdL Yim. SWL L
Vtum Gp T\dV. B]p TWL Lm Ap
Vu T\dV. Sm RY VtuT Sm GiQ
E C[[oLu SV YgNLjRp Bnd (NR]d)
EhTjRlTm. B]p C[[oLu SV YgNLjt
CWVLUp Sm Sm GiQ Ep m BhPm LQUp
LUU LiQkRp YpY E. TWLm Pdm.
GpX EoLm Cut YrL!

Tu]mTXm

55

Tu]mTXm

UnkS [dLm
AuToL[!

Ys[Xo UWQXl TYr T\ C YLs UhU

Es[] Gu\o. AY 1. A\] (TWTLWm),
2. UnQoRp (Nj NWm). A\] GuT T[m
Lp AYm Ut\ EoLd GpX YLm ERYRm.
URWnl \kR JqYYm, Ut\ URoLs - Ut\
E]eLs ERuj R] Rj YZ V. EQ
AlTPj RY. Xo TQm LjRp EQ Pd\.
G]Y, Vo ERm ReLdj RYpX G]
YZdLPXm. SpX. EQ GqY EYdLlT\
GuTRf Nt Gil TodLXm. Ryp ypp EQl To
yp
[YRt Xm RY. Xo Xm TQjRp T\dV
G]Xm. AlTV]p TQm GlT YkR GuTR Gil
TodL Yim. CpX! CpX! Gu L] EPp EZlTp
TQm NmTjRu G] YZdPXm. EPp EZl UhUVu
Y GkR YL EZlTm TQm NmTdLl ThPRLY
CdLhm. EQ CpXVp Vm GkR Ym EZdL
V.

A X
GRtm EQY AlTP. XjRj jl To
NnRm Td o RY. oXd AlTP UZo!
Vm ReLs TQjRp UZo Tt\m
G]d \Y V. Tdj
RYV] Ltm Ym TQjRp
T\V. RLm LnLm
EYdL ERm f C]eLm
TQjRp YkR] ApX. J Te Sp
[V S Te o RY. J
Te A Xp AW Y,
TdYWjf NX, LPdLWu CXTm,

56
Y[[u t\ Xj RL CqY[m APdLm. B]p
UZo, Yp, Lt, f C]eLu ER CYV]jm
J Te A Xp APeV]Y GuTR Gil
TodL.

As Tm Y YL
u]U YjRTl TQjRp Yp, Lt, UZo
RX]Yt\l T\Y YeLY VY V.
A]jm BiPYu AhLPV! CkR YLp Brk
Gil TojRp, \kR Rp YrSs GpX YWm
Sm, URo Rp KW EoYL YWs[ A]j YL
EoLu ERuj Rj YZVRuT R.
Um Lt CpXVp K UjLs (PeLs) P
YZ V. E]eLs Ju\d Ju ERm YLp
YrdL AUklT BiPYu AhNnLVXVm.
G]Y Ts Utm LpV CYt\p CVu\ YW URo
EhTP A]j YL E]eLdm Sm ER]p UhU
BiPYu As Gp Pdm. Y GkR YLVm
BiPYu A[l T\Y V. BiPYu As
CpXVp GpXm Tr! G]Y YsYo YnUlT,

Jpm YLVp A\] KYR

Npm YVpXm NVp -33

NnYR Sm LPU. Ys[Xo AVT At\o AT ojRX

GpX A\]L[d Lhm Lm \kRRm. C j
A]j [dLeLm Ys[Xo EWSPl Tp
TjQWXm.

jRo pLs
Ys[Xo jR Y NuUodLm jR [dLm - Xo
UkWjp [em Gum
NjWeLp \kR m
CY Gum s[o.
T]i jRoLs Xm
JYo. G]Y NLd LXdl
T]i jRo pLm

57
ERm. Ys[Xo, NLjRX - YLdLp - TLl]p
CY um NLd LpV AdU]j R
Tjs[o. CY Tt [du AiP \Up Sm
EXLl Ttf AY SXm.

UZu \l
UiXp EoYrdL XTYRtd LWQm
UZW! AR]pRu YsYo LPs Yrjt Aj Yu
\lTV AUjs[o. N, UZ GlTl Tn\? LPpo,
LWYu A]Xp (YXp) BV, B XL (ULUL)
EYjd Lt\p p CPm TVok EV CPeLp
UZVLl T\ GuT Xu Lj. p EYYRt
Otu A]X (YX) LWQm Gu\p YlTm ALUn
Cdm LPdLXjXpXY UZ TnV Yim? Um
UZ m CPjp UZ TnYRt u dLm Hu
HtTPYim? Sm EPmp lhP A[ YlTm XVL
ClT VYm AkRR. Sm OLs AiPjs[
iPjp - iPjs[ AiPjp G] AiP - iP
\UV Su Jlhdu\oLs. iPjp (EPmp)
YlTm ClTTp AiPjp (EXp) A]p Ei. OX
A]d ( YlTjt) Otu YX Dol Bt\X
LWQUL. GUXu NVpTLdd LWQm OX
A]X! p EYYRtm, Vp HtTRYRtm, UZ
TnYRtm OX A]X LWQm. UZ TnYRt, 1. OX
A]p, 2. Lt, 3. p Gum u LWQeLs Es[].
Lt\jRjRXV OX A]p ALd\. Lt\jRU Vp
EYYRtm LWQm. VX p CPm UYRtd LWQm.
dLU UZ TYRtd LWQm. dLm HtTYRtd
LWQm, Lt ANVUV. Lt\jRjRp OX A]p
ALj m Vp u]m EYl VXp p CPm
TVok p dLs[ CPjp UZo \. UZd
RuUV] AlTPd LWQm Lt\jRU.
Lt\jRjtd LWQm C\Yu Ah NnLV.

Sm EPmp LnfNp HtTm SWjp EPmu YlTX

HY Li! Hu EPp YlTm H\? EPmTj nU

58
TjR! LnfNp Tm SWjp EPmp VoY HtTY
VYm AkRR! CqY\ OX A]p lhP J X
TLp ALdmT AqPeLp LPpo BV p
EY\. CY Vp u]ULm \YVLm
Ut\UPm. p UZVLl Tm. SUdd LnfNp
Cdm SWjp WlTm RkRR! oLXjpRu
lm TV] UZ T\. p ALdm CkR
YlTU UZ TnYRtd LWQU] OX A]XL Ced
\lTm. CVpTL Cdm OX A]dm p EYdL
HtTm OX A]dm YT Ei. LPp o OX A]Xp
YlTU, BV, p EYd Lt\jRm GkRj Np
Cd\R AjNp p CPm TVok EV CPeLp
UZ Tn\. YXp LPpo BV p
EY\RuT RY\] Bm. YXp LPyp ypu olTWl
yp
Ym BVUVud lhP CPeLp Uhm Vp
u]m EYL GkR YLm Ynl PV. Um
Bi Ym Yp AjRm AVX[oL[p
\Y] UZ Tdd LWQm \V! TX
Y]eLp UZ TnVUdm AVX[oL[p LWQm
Gm \pX GuTm LYdLjRdL. Sm UiX
u]U VT, Qm t\m EPV. G]Y UZ
Tm GpX CPeLm Ju Typ yppXUp Ht\j Rr
yp
EPVRu\.

UZ CpX Gu\p...
UZ TY CVtL Gu\ ]m Eo Yrt
AlTP UZ W! EXp UZ TY CpXVp
Gu] Bm? pXVp [ CpX. [ CpXVp
EQ CpX. EQ CpXVp Eo Yrm Tm.
HtL]Y Cdm o, o RYVdP \ NnV
V. Gm Cl WdLi J X ShLs
YZdm. p Eo Yrm d Ym. CkR \U
(Je - V) Sm EPmdm Tkm. TLl]p Gum
ArR o Sm EPmp NjRlTPUVp EPms[ AR
o (YW CpXUVp) TlTVLd \k LiP Tn
p NVpTPR RuU HtTh UWQm Lr\.

59
 TLl]p
TLl]p Gug NpX ArR o EPmp
LpX GuTRj R Tjm.
mTL AjRd Lt\p NLj
RXV (Xd L]p - VL A]p)
HtTj YLdLXl Y S
YV Wk Nj]p, Tj
YL Jyp yp Lhm. Cp RW
J y p V Lm lPjRdL.
CjRW Jyp ypV Gl]p TLl]p EYm. CkR
yp
ArR o Ft\j EPm Ym TnkRp AkR EPmT
AR EPmTm. EPmu t\lT dLlTYRp V EPm
Yndm. UWQm em. CY NLd LXVm. Xo
UkWjp Es[ AhPeL VLm Utm T]i jRo
pLp VLl Tt Su [dLlT\.

UnQoRp j Ckyp ypu uTp KW[

yp
[dLm LdLlThPRp Cef NLj RX, YLdLp, TLl
]p Gm CYt\ [dYR ClT. CRt u JdL
YLL[l Tt AY Lm RYV].

V JdLeLu [dLm:

1. ALm: Sm EPmTm AYm JW SWjp Ldm

Ls, NWVm, \ U YLLs, TR F Uk, GWu
Tu\ UVdLm Rm ThL[l TVuTjm NVpLs.

2. ALl\m: u, hP, C\f YLLs CYt\

EiRp.

3. \m: Bi - Ti VSPjR. (TfNWm, Ls[jRPo)

4. \l\m: A]j YLl Ll TZdLm.

5. Eo: \o, Vo GdL LhPm LL. (B]p) Ru

Uhm GpX YLm Su\L CdL Yi Gu] AhVm
YiU]m NnRp.

60
 6. LX: EQ Utm TL CY LWQUL URo
EhTP A]j YL EoL[d LpRp Utm jWYR
NnRp.

7. YgNLm: NnR SuVd LpRp, Nu] Np

RYRp.

SpXdL YLLs:

1. \l\m: Ryp
ypp Sm AlTPj RYL[] EQ,
yp
EP, E\Pm Ryp ypV Cmum jnUVl
yp
Ttd LdL Yim.

2. \m: Npyp
ypm NVyp
yp ypm SoU - YnU - nU
yp
CdL Yim. NVtLV NVyp ypp Vt NnV Yim.
yp

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GpXm EVokR]YLY CdL Yim. L]m V
GiQm P.

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JtUPu YZ Yim.

5. EX: Au YVp UhU EoYrdL XTm

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Tl TdL BY] NnVYim.

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Lm LUVLj RYVt UtLs[ Yim.

7. LP: O]ju dL LP CpX GuT

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61
JdL \L[ Yrm LPdL Yim. Cf
NLjRX Ryp
ypV u NtLu [dLm YU.
yp

NLjRX - YLdLp - TLl]p

NLjRX: NL GuT UWQjR HtTjRR Gum
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Ts Ls[ Yim. Cej RX
Gu\p YlTm - A]p - L]p Bm.
CkR YlTm EPmu CVpT]
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A]X UWQjR HtTPYdLUp
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CpXR Gu Ts. Lp Gu\p Lt. CdLt (BLV)
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EPmTj nUl Tjm.
lTL Sm EPms[
IVjR (LTm, N, LZ)
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eL EPm nU APk LiP Cdm. p
] Su rYNp \dm. rYNp GuT JW J
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i[Lp Y Npm. i[Lp Npm Y,
nU TjRlTYRp CkRj nU TjRlThP YV,
YLdLp Gu \lTm.

62
 CkR YLdLp Rypypp CP Utm eLX SLp
yp
m. EPm Ym i[Ls ClTRp ]
Su rYNp (i[Ls) \kRp Ljdd rlT
EPm Ym m. ClTd Ljdd rlT EPm
Ym Es[ i[Lp YLdLp Wm]p u
YLdLp - YLdLXLj (W LiP Lp) RXlTp
Es[ i[Lp m. ClTj RXlT Ym Es[
i[Lp YLdLp \kRm Y Ss[
i[Ls \dLlTh CYtu YV YLdLp
YVm. Y S i[Lu YV YLdLp
NpmT Tj YL Jyp yp Gmm. Cp lPjRdL
RW Jyp
ypV. Y SY ] Su Up YNp
yp
Bm. dj [Lu YV WWdhNpm (BLV)
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ypypk dYV Yf Npm
ypyp
WWp Ltm Y. rYNp \dmT WWd
EhNpm Lt\] YV mTL AjRjRp i[Lp
k nUV YLdLp Gu TVoTm.

TLl]p: YLd Lp YLdLX YS

YV RW Jyp yp F]p [lTp ARm
(ArRm) Wdm. CkR ARU TLl]p. CkRl
TLl ]X Tm ]XL Ft\j EPm Ym
TW]p AkR EPm ArR EPm Bm. V (jR RLm)
EPm GuTm CY. ZkR \kRm XlTp WlT
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VLlTtVp ] YV UXm GuT Z.
kl Typ ypdm k, C] El YV UhkRu
yp
YVm. Gm kYf tuTju Th ALm
NXYjRp [u ARm Wdm \u YYLl
TdLlTm. G]YRu jRoLs C]fNodLVd LUVL
Godu\]o.
jR, WQY, O] RLeLs
WUWkWm: (WUWkWm - Ak[) WU Gu\p AV
Gu Ts. WkWm Gu\p [. EfYNp GuTm CY.
u V TXY EfYNp GuTm i[Ls

63
TXYt\d LiP. RXu Efl
Tp (UpT) Es[ i[Ls
YV AR EPmu ARd Lt
YV]p V EPm, Jyp yp EPmTL
(WQY RLUL) Um. Jyp
yp EPmu Ef
YNp \k (Jyp
yp EPmu) dU ARd
Lt YV]p Jyp yp EPm, A
EPmTL (O] RLUL) Um.

X EPm, TLl ]Xp V EPmT\. V

EPms[ V ARd Lt Ef YNp YV
YV]p V EPmu Xj RuU U\k dU
Jyp
yp EPmTL Um. V dU EPmT WQY RLUm
Jyp
yp EPm. V dU EPmu Ef YNp \k dU
ARd Lt YV]p V dU EPmu dUj
RuU U\k EYt\ (AYm) A EPmTL Um.
nUV] X EPm jR RLm. nUV] dU EPm
WQY RLm. nUV] VhP LV EPm O]RLm.
Cmu EPmLm t\lTLs Um dLlTh
QlT UhU EPV]Ym.

S (SWm) [dLm
C SLs Tj. CYts u SL[
RuUV]Y. AY, 1. CPLX, 2. eLX (YXLX),
3. ] (SS), S Gm SWm Gm CWim
Ju\. Ced lm SLs, [d Uhm RPoPV]
Bm. CVdL S, EQo S GuT] Su C Ls.
EQo SLs, ARp LLs (O]kVm) Ik CYt\p
T\lTm ImXuLu (FtQo, Y, Lh, UQm
(YN]), Jyp
yp) NnL[ [d AlT]. CVdL SLs
yp
Yd, TRm, T, T, ETjRm Gum NnRp LLs
(LuUkVm Ik: Yn, Lp, L, GYn, LYn) IkRm
[u LhP[lT CVd IkRpL[l m. Yn
Tm, Lp SPdm, L]L[d L Nnm. GYn,
Ll TsL[ YVtm. LYn

64
C]fNodLuT tuTjRj Rm.
CYVVu EPp EslLu
NVtTLs SLs XU
NVpTu\].

EPmTj RXlT Utm RXdd

s[ T G] CYLl dLlTm.
RX EhTP EPm, YXm, CPm G] Um
CLs EPV. CYts CP LX, (CPS) RXu
CPlT Utm RXdd rlThP EPmu (YXdL, YX
Lp EhTP) A]j YXlT Udm RPo EPV.
eLX (YX S) RXu YXlT Utm RXdd rlThP
EPmu A]j CPlT Udm RPo EPV.
] (SS) Clt Us[ Y, Uo, Lj,
RX ClTLd Uhm RPo EPV. SSp L
Utm Lp TLs NWR] Bm.

CP Utm eLX SLs Xm Ik ARp

NnLm Ik Rp NnLm SPTm. ] S
Xm U]m, j, jRm, ALeLWm Gum EhLLs (AkRd
LWQm) Sum NVpTm. EhLLs NVpTY VhP
LVjRXm. VhP LVm NVpTY VUVu Ik
RjYeL[XV.

S S
TYLf ] Gum SS EXL YrdLp
(S] Xp) Ik ARp L Utm Ik NnRp L
CYts APef NVtTm.
VLlTt Xm Cf]
SVf \lTL CVd]p UtV
X ARp L Utm X NnRp
LLs CYtu ER RYlTPUp
Y RXp Es[ Ik ARp
NnL[m NnYPu Ik NnRp
RpL[ CkR CPjyp yp
ypkR
RXs[ CPjp NnV m.
CR]V YYLp \

65
YiUp EhLLs, (AkRd LWQm U]m, j, jRm,
ALeLWm) dU NWju (i EPm) QVp X
NWjt (T EPm) AlTtThP YLp (SSu \l
CVdLjRp) NVpTYRm. ARjp Lm \lTL SSV
CVd]p X Utm dU NWeLu RY CpXUp
SPVL u]U [dV VhP LVjR CVdL m.
AlT SPVL VhP LVjR CVd]p JW SWjp
BWd LQdL] UdLu GiQeL[m SPYdLL[m
LiLdL m. V (jR RLm) EPm Tt\p TYL
UWQjRj RolTPu \lTL, C\kR EPmL[ (C\kR
X U SWjts) EoldLm m. nUV]
dU EPm (WQY RLm) CkRp RdLlTh UdlTn
GmL[ UhU EPV (Eu) X EPmT EoldL
m. nUV] VhP LV EPm (O] RLm) YndLl
Tt\p RPVU CpXUp U\kR EPmTm im
Rtj EoldL m. CYtdL] GjdLh,
1. AlTo, jR SdLWN GlV. 2. O]NmTkRo,
mTYV GlV. 3. YuRiPo, RXiP TX]
GlV. Ced VY, AVu YiLd CQe
BiPY] NnR]. BiPYu A[p jR Y
NuUodLjRj RUdL EUVLl Tt\ Ys[Xo Tm
A[[oLs BiPY] YiPUp SW (BiPYu
A[p) CYt\f NnV m.

AkRdLWQ [dLm
AkRdLWQm: AkRdLWQm GuT EhLVm. AY
U]m, j, jRm, ALeLWm. RYu ThP JW EPm,
Li, L, d, Yn, L, Lp, Y G] CqY\pXm
dLlTYTp JW [V NjWeLp U]m, j,
jRm, ALeLWm G] SuLLl TdLlT\. Cj X
EPmp Es[ X AkRdLWQm. dU EPmp Es[
dU AkRdLWQm. ARp Utm Rp NnL[l TtY
U]m. NnLu RuUL[l TlT j. NnL[
BnY jRm. HRm J Nnp Uhm ]l LhY
ALeLWm.

66
 EsAkRdLWQm: LX,
jR, AWLm CYV Es
AkRd LWQUm. VhPLVm
AA[ V GuT
u]U \lThP. CR]p
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ALtf NPm Tp CVdLUt CkR EW, CVdLjtd
LiYm. jR Eu AlTV UmTjl
ThLu RuUVj Rk Ls[ ERm. AWLm (BN),
Eu lTjtLtT EPmT CVdL ERm. VhP LV
EPmp U]m, j, jRm, ALeLWm Gum AkRdLWQm
Sum AdUUL (LL hTUL) AUkdm. CkR
AdU AkRdLWQjR, CRt Esk CVdYR
EsAkRd LWQm Gum LX, jR, AWLUm. VhP
LVm Sp Gu\p [dm \u BuUu CVtL
At Jl. E BuUu (Eu) AVUj WVV
BQYjt Jl. Spyp ypp, E, R, [ Ryp
yp yp
ypV]
ClTRl Tu VhP LVjp EPmu t\lT
(BQYm), QlT (UV), Y[ofl T (LuUm - ])
Ryp
ypV] um Cdm. J UWju Yo, AUWm, [Ls,
yp
CXLs, dLs, Ln LLs A]jm AmUWju Rp
hTUL AUklTRl Tu\ Ik ARp LLm
Ik NnRp LLm VhP LVjp hTUL
AUkdm. BXUWjPu ARu RV JlmT
BXUWju TUm (Xj RuU) BXUW Ru
iUm (dUm) Su [em. CqY\ X EPmm
VhP LV EPmm \V XjRuUm hTj RuUm
EPV].

iPl \lm AiPl \lm

C Sm Ui EXLm YUVVp BdLlThP.
YUV, t\m Utm QlTL[d LiPRl
TXY EXLm t\lT Utm QlTL[d
LiP. X EPmt Y[of Utm R[of ClT]
Tp UiX BdLm Utm A CYL[d

67
Lidm. X EPmtl \l, Y[ol, C\l ClT]
Tp UiXtm E]eLdj Rt\m, Cl, C
Ryp
ypV] Cdm. X EPm C\kRp X EPms[
yp
Eo U\ Xm im X EPmp \ YhPjt
YYRlTp UiXs[ E]eLs A]jm
EXLju Atlu im Rt\m Gdm. Eo
im \d YY Eu AVUjW Ym
eLUVp. CqY\ UiXp im E]eLs
TPdLlTYRtd LWQm UiXu t\lT
eLUVp Bm. Eu BQYl T tm e]p
Eo, UWQjR Yu TWL Tm. CqY\ UiXLju
t\lT Ym e]p UiXp AjRp Rp
dYm. YkRp TPdm Rm tlTm. CkR
Xp UiXLm TuXLUL U ClTRp
E]eLu TPlj Rm Tm.

F [dLm
C, EPmtd ZkR, C[U, PX (L[),
U Gum Su TYeLs ClT] Tu\
UiXLm SpYL FL[d Lidm. ZkRl
TYjp EPmu QlT UmThd t\lT \YL
Cdm. EPm Y[W, Y[Wd t\lTm LgNm LgNUL
ALdm. Ul TYjp QlT, \kLiP
TYRm, t\lT ALjdLiP ClTRm R[of
HtT\. UiXLju Rp Fp QlT
UVLU, t\l T \YLm Cdm. CWiPm
Fp QlT dLXLm, u\m Fp QlT
AWVLm, SuLm Fp QlT Lp TLULm
\k Ym. AR SWjp t\l T ALjd LiP
Cdm. t\lT Lm ALjRp UiXp Clj
Rp d Yk m. u Alj Rp SPTm.
Tu NQm GdLlThj EYdLlT\. NQju
t\lT dLlThj B]p A () Stp
m R T\. CqY\ UiXu t\lT
AdLlThj nUTjRlThPp im UiXp
TPlj Rp NnYRtV XU EY\.

68
 EoLu TjRWm
C, gO] LXo Ym EX t\lT \YL
ClTRp CmUiXLjR JlLp gO]LXu
YrSs (Bs) SmUP BWm UPe ALm. W[VLXo
EX Nt\ t\lT klTRp W[VLXo YrSs
SmUP UPe Uhm ALm. ClTd YRp
W[VLXo Utm gO]LXo Sm UiX Bid
LQdlT \V TjRWm BiLs, \Wm BiLs
G] AYoLs EXLd LQduT YrYoLs G]d LRd P.
LXfNdLWm l EXLeLdm YqY\L ClTRp
AkR AkR EXLeLu LQduT l EoLdm
(UR EPmu Bs) YrSs BiLs UhU. GpXl
EoLdm IYL EPm Ei. B]p
gO]LXu X EPm, NLXu VhP LV EPm Tp
(AdUm) L iUVLm W[VLXu X EPm,
NLXu dU (iU) EPm Tp iUVL Cdm.
UiXLj X EPm, W[VLXd CpXRRp W[VLXo
BQYm, LuUm Gum C YLd t\eLs UhU
EPVYWLm W[VLXu X EPm gO]LXd
CpXUVp gO]LXo BQYm Gum JW J t\m
Uhm LiPYWLm \lTm. NLXo BQYm, LuUm,
UV Gum u t\eLm LiPYo. Gm GpXl
EoLdm IYL EPm Es[] Tu\ YLd
t\eLm Es[]. G]Y gO]LXo, RWm RrkRp
W[VLXo - NLXo G]d \eLm, W[VLXo, RWm EVokRp
gO]LXWLm RrkRp NLXWLm, NLXo, RWm EVokRp
W[VLXo Utm gO]LXWL EVWm PXm. NLXWn
ClTYoLs, YkRYoLs G] CYLlThPYm RWm RrkRp
SWL L Ttj VYoL[n ApX C[[oL[n BYoLs.
GpXm AYWYo ]lTV TYVm.

C YLd t\eLu [dLm YU;

1. LUm: LUm Gu\p BN, lTm GuTR Ts.

GpX YL lTjtm AlTP, Sm EPmT Sm
lTlT CVdYRXm. ARp L Utm NnRp L

69
CYtu Tj YLf NnLp U\pLu JdL
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JdLd \YL SPdm NVX LUm Gum t\Um.
AkRd LWQjRd Li JdLd \YL EPmu
LL[ (EPp ElL[) CVdm NVX LUm Gum
t\Um. CY LuU UXm Gum \lTm. LuUm Gm
] Gm TYm Gm GpXm Ju\. Eo
RuRypypp BQYm Gum AVUd t\jRp NPm
yp
Tp CVdLUt Cdm. Ed lT Bt\p, A
Bt\p, NVp Bt\p G] u Bt\pLs CVtLXV
Es[]Y. Gm BQYm LWQUL CmYL Bt\m
tm NVpTPUp NPm Tp Eo Pdm. BuUtl
VhP LVm LdLlThPp BuUu YL Bt\pLm
NVpTPj RPem. BuUu (Eu) lT Bt\p
JdLdLhtl TVuTj]p LUm Gum Rp t\m
BuUt HtTm.

2. Y: Y Gm, LTm Gm, ]m Gm,

BjWm Gm GpXm Ju\. ]m Hu HtT\? AkRd
LWQjRp lTsLu (C\, Eo, UV) EiU
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LUm Gum t\jt Cjf Np\. L lTYdl
TX\, CjV JdLjRp EPm TZm G] GfNjRp
L lTYu Ru B\Y AY] AkRdLWQjRd Li
Ll ThLu SuU UL[ Su Gil TodL
Yim. CR jj Ru L lTRp R]d CdL
CdL CuTm Pd\. CkR CuTjR mT GfNdm
NnL, L lTYd A[ LPkR BjWjR Fh\.
]m HtT\ CqYLXVVm. BuUu A
Bt\X EiU Adl TVuTjRR t\U ]m Gum
BQY UXm. HtL]Y BuUt BQYm Gum
AVUj W - BuU Au \T CVtLXV
Es[. BQYj WVp Eo HtL]Y NPm Tp
CVdLUtd PkR. CkR BQYj WVf Nt\ d IYL
EPm LdLlThPp AkRdLWQjRd Li ThLu
EiU CVpL[ AV VXYim. AkRdLWQU

70
Ad Li. Ru LiP JdLd LP] NVXp UpYm
[Yf Ntm Gil TodLUp Ru JdLd LP]
NVdj RP Npm NVp, ]jRV UtT
odLd HtTj\. BQYjWV d Ad
LiQ (AkRdLWQm) BiPYu LdL, odLu
]lTYPu PY Ru Ad LiQ dLsm
NVp, BQYjWV Um AjRUd\. CR]pRu
URl \ RWm Rrk IkR Utm ARtm rlThP
A LiP E]eLu \ (RiP]Vp) HtT\.

UVdLm: ThLu EiU CVpL[ Es[

Es[T Bnk TWUp - LUm Utm Y Gum
Cdt\jRd t\ULd Ls[Up Ru, Ru JdLdLht
VVm NUR]m (AU) Ltj AkR JdLdLhp
EVL tTR UVdLm Gum t\Um. C AkRdLWQm
Gum Ad LiQj R] Pdd LsYRm. L
lTYu Ru EPm Ll TZdLjRp TZ]m AR]f
Ntm ThTjRUp, EPm TZ]p TZLhU! L
dLR JdLm Es[Ym N\u! L TZdLs[ Sm
N\u! Gu EPm TZ]m CdL CdLd PjR
CuTjR S]Y Su njRu (ATjRu). B]p
JdLs[Y] AYu EPm Su\LY CkRm L
lTRp Ym CuTjRf Ntm ]dLUp UjYo
TfNd Lhd Li Q L dLUp CuTjR
AV TnhP]! G] H[]m NnY NVU? R]m
Utm RYjRp TuTm PdU] EVokRo EWdm
t\ tm \dLjh AqVokRoL[m
JdLdLhPp Pdm AtT CuTjR AVR PoLs
G] Gs SLVm NVX UVdLm Gum t\m. BuUu
NVXt\X JdLdLP] NnLLdL ]k
TVuTjm ]V UVdLm Gum t\m. EXLl
ThLu LoYp Cj] HtTYRp Cdt\jR
UVUXm Gum Yo.

71
 t\ [dLm
V JdLeL[ UtLsY LUdt\m. C Ad
Likm Pu Bm. V JdLeL[p Ym UL[
Yj EVokRo ]m
AdLiQ CL d LsY,
Lkm NPu BYm
EVokRoUp ]m LsYm
CWiPm t\mBm. V JdLeL[p
U HtThlT R]dd LiPL
Akm njm ARdjf Ntm
LYXlTPUp UtT V JdLeLp
Lm EVL tm NVp
[km hPs BYPu Ad LiQj R]
Pdd LsY u\m t\Um. Cmu t\eLm
\V EPmTm SPjRVm AkRdLWQjRm (LVm,
Yd, U]m) BuUu lT Bt\p, A Bt\p, NVp
Bt\p Gm CqYt\pL[p HtTY] Bm.

RiP] [dLm
RdL RiP]: URl \ GjR Eo, Ru EPmTp
NnR t\jt Sf UWeL[Lm, SPjRVp (YdLp)
NnR t\jtj V Xe E]eL[Lm
AkRdLWQjRp NnR t\jtj V T\Y C]eL[Lm
\Ls Gjj RiP] T\. RiP]d LXm
kRPu UtT Eo im URl \ Gdm. 1. Ls,
2. LUm, 3. LX, 4. L[, 5. Tn CqYkm
ImTet\eL[m. (TgN UTRLeLs). Su U\jRp
Gum t\m LYnL[m (WVf jRm - TLWm)
RiP]L[m odL VR UTm t\Um. NnkSu
Lu\ UdL[ TreLs \UV Htd Li SWLL
TTYoLs. Xp Eim XVoLs NLd Lp LtTRtm
RYVt UtLsYRtm RVt\YoLs BYoLs.

BiPYu RdL RiP] Xm JdLUt\Y]j

Rij im H \ URl \V LlTu. CqY
H \ URl \ Pjm SpXdLjt YWR

72
UR Eo, URl \ Gdm RZdm. ClTj R
CZkR UR Edl um X \Ls ARp LLs,
NnRp LLs, AkRdLWQm CYts (R CZltj
RiP]VL) Ht\YLp F]eL[ AUjR (URl)
\ GdLf NnYo. ClT F]t\ URl\ GjRYoLs,
V JdLeLs LWQULj RidLlThPYoLs GuTRtd
LiP] NhLs BYoLs. F]s[ URl\
AUlTRt, 1. F]t\Yu U]m Ykj kR Yim.
2. CkR F]t\Yu, RidLlThPYu GuTRl\
F]Ut\YoLs EQok V JdLjR UtLsYRt AfNm
Ls[ Yim Gum BiPYu As SdLU
LWQeL[m. UtT F]t\Yu (ClTlThP F]t\
UR EPmT X \Lp Pjm) U]m Ykj k
SpXdLjt YWhPp im URl \ Gdm
R CZlTPu LR \Up rYu. EPp F]m
Lm HtTm. SpYLl TYjm HtTm. ]l
TVu GkR EYjm Ym.

LXfNdLWm: L X f N d L W m l E X L e L p
YqY\Lf NVpTm. CR]f Nt [ed LsY
Lm SuUVm. SmVhP LV EPmp Cdm LXm
Utm V (Je, \) Gum RjYeLs NVpTm
RuUm W[VLXo Utm gO]LXo VhPLVeLp
LXm Vm NVpTm RuULm TXYLLp
UTu\]. gO] LXd AYoLs EXLd LQdp
Ss Ju Gu\p NLXW] SUd Sm UiXp A@
BWm ShLdf NUm. C gO]LXd EV. CR]f
Nt [ed LsY SXm.
gO]LXo JYo RmEXt
EV VhPLV EPmPu Sm
UiXt Yk Sm
UiXu X EPmTp
T\o Gu Yjd
LiPp, gO]LXu
YrSs (Bs) \Wm
BiLs Bm. B]p CR

73
gO]LXo gO] LXdV EXp CkRp AYo Bs
BiL[! Hu Sm UiXp AYW YrSs \Wm
BiL[L s\ Gu\p AYW VhPLV EPms[
LXm - Vm Sm VhP LV EPms[ LXm V
RjYeL[P Lm UYLf NVpTYRXVm.

CqY\ Sm UiX Bs (NLXo) gO]LXdV

EXLjtf Nu gO]LXdVR Tp Es[ X
EPm TYW]p, gO]LX EXp JSs LkRp
NLXdL BWm Ss Lkm. LWQm
gO]LXdV VhPLV EPms[ LXm V
RjYeL[ Pf NLXdV VhP LV EPms[ LXm
V RjYeLs Lm WYLf NVpTYRVm.

Um, J [dLm YU, UiXp NLXo PXl

TYjt YWl T] BiL[\. B]p CR
UiXt Ym gO]LXo SmTp PXl TYmYW
AYdl T] BWm BiL[m. CqY\ NLXo
gO] EXp CkRp NLXd EV YrSs
BiL[p A gO]LXo EXp 37 ShLds
km. ARY UiXp Es[ Su TYeLm
(ZkR, C[U, PX, U) gO]LXo EXp
AqXLd LQduT Ym 37 ShLp km! CRV
Cu] YLp [dYRu\p gO]LX EXu
LXfNdLWm Sm UiXp SP\d YkRp Sm
UiXL YrSs SUd \Wm BiL[L Um. Sm
UiXLd LXfNdLWm gO]LXo EXp SP\d
YkRp gO]LXu YrSs gO]LXo EXu
LQduT Ym 37 ShLds km!

Sm UiXp LXfNdLWm WYLf NVpT\.

W[VLXo EXp UYL CVe\. gO]LX EXp
LL UYL CVe\. CkRdLXf NdLWm V UVj
RjYeLX ApX V UVVp BdLlThP EXLeLX
NVpTP. Aef NVpTY nUV] LXfNdLWm.

74
 LXd LQd
Sm LXfNdLWjR Yu\XV Y YLp TWL
T\V. LXf NdLWjR Sm YNlTjd Ls[ Lm
LUVLj RYVt Ls[Yim. CRt SUd Cdm
JW Y, f CVdLjR \Tjm YVLm TpYR.
TZeLXjp SWm SL (LL), S (LL), S
(UjW) CYt\p TdLlThP. 60 S = 1 S. 60
S = 1 SL. 60 SL = 1 Ss. CdLQd ClT
TgNeLeLp Uhm TVuTjRlTu\. UtT \p
J S[d 4,32,000 S. CkR 4,32,000 Sm
UiXLju SuLm FdL] BiL[Ld \lT\.
SuLm F = 4,32,000 BiLs. Cm\p Rp F
= 17,28,000 BiLs. CWiPm F = 12,96,000 BiLs,
u\m F = 8,64,000 BiLs G]d LQdPlT\.
Cm\p FYhPm = 43,20,000 BiLs Bm. B]p
Sm UiXLd LXfNdLWm WYLf NVpTYRp
FYhPm 50,000 BiLs UhU LiPRm. Sm
UiXu SuLm FdL] 5,000 BiLm HtL]Y
khP]. ClT SPlT O] F. (O] jRu LXm)
O] F .. 1900 Biyp ypk RPe\. Ys[Xo
yp
m jR Y NuUodLm Y Wp RPeL Es[.
Sm UiXLjp URu YrSs BiL[Ld
Ls\m. B]p LVd (NPd) LQduT URu
YrSs 120 Bi[Ld Li CkR 120 BiL[ JuT
LsLdV RN BiL[Ll dLl Tu\]. TYL
Sm J S[d (24 USWm) 21,600 \ f
\m. J\ Esf Uhm Yf CYtd
Bm LXm Su S (NLi). ]m, L] EZl,
TRt\m, AfNm CY Tu\ LWQeL[p fu BZm
\k Upf HtTYRp UtT J \ fdV
4 S. (NLi) GuT u Utm CWi SL[Ld
\\. CR]p J S[d 21,600 \Ldm ALUL
f PlTh YrSs \T\. ALj dLjRm
YrSs \m. Tk (BLWm), TkdLm (jW),
TWfNm (TVm), A[d gV YLp tuTm (U]m),
TgNmTp CY A]jm YrS[d \jd

75
LiP Cdm. fl T ElLs A]jm CVeLl
WQu Gum dUd Lt (Y) RYlT\.
EsfdLt, Y fd Lt CWim Y. Y Y,
WQu Y. WQu CVdLj]XV fm
NVpSPT\. JqY f Pdm WQ Bt\p
up J Te Q\. CWi TeL SUdl
TVuT\. WQ] CVdY VhP LVjp Es[
P RjYU. WQu JqY fPdm RLd
\kLiP ClTRp EPm SW, W, , l,
NdL Gm \TLs dLiP Cdu\].
TYLl WQu GkR SV CVd\R AkR SVp
V LX ApX NkW LXp Y CVem. Gh GuT
Rr Gi \p A. CWi GuT E. A GuT NkW
LX. E GuT V LX. NkW LX GuT du CPj[
YV Y CVeRV dm. CqY\ du YXj[
YV Y CVe]p A V LX. Ghm CWiU]
NkW LXm V LXU NLdLpd RpT.

WQY ETRNm
Cl WQu ] SV CVd]p A Ad
LXp YLdLX CVdm. Add LXd EV Gj
U Gum Gj. GhPm (NkWLX) CWiPm
(VLX) NojRp (A+E=J) J Gum GjRm. mTLjRp
AjRlTm YV J Bm. CkR YV i[Lp
ZkRp YLdLp. J Gum Gj U (AdLX)
Gum GjPu NojRp Jm Bm. Jm GuTR Km G]
m. CY WQYm. ANT
(KNVt\) GuT ClWQYU Bm.
VLj \p Y, YLdLp BYR
WQYjdV Ts Bm. Lu
Ru RkRd AjV (ETRNm)
WQYju Ts CY Bm. ANT
Gm YLdLp Gm CWim
Ju\. CkR ANTV YS YV
YV]p (NlRm) KN ARY

76
TjYL Jyp
yp LhLf Nn\. CRu [dLm u]o
GRlTm.

AR EPm
Y YNlTPp GuT Y YLdLXL i[Lp
YRV dm. Y YNlThPp A 36 RjYeL[m
Sm YNlTjR YYdm. LXfNdLWm Sm lTlT CVdLf
NnRp Sm YrSs 1,000, 10,000 BiL[L jd
LiPdm. CRV YYLp ]p LXm
Utm V RjYeL[ UYL CVdL CVdL Sm YrSs
m. AR SWjp V RjYjR SojNyp yp
ypk
GoNd Ut]p CZkR C[U im Pdm.
YLdLX YLdLXLl YSp Nj]p V
RjYm GojNp CVem. CVe]p ZkR,
C[U, PX, U Gum SpYLl TYeLm
RXZL U GojNp U, PX, C[U, ZkR
Gu TYeLs Um. VYs PXl TYjtm,
PXVu (L[Vu) C[O]Lm C[Ou
ZkRVLm UYu. TLl ]m (ARo) EPm
Ym TW]p EPmu \TLm (F]eLs) ej
V EPm Bm. TLl]p TWV EPm, AR EPm.
AR EPm LiPYoLd EQ EhLs[ YiV
RY PV. WQu Xm EPmtj RYV]
Bt\pL[l Ttd Ls[Xm.

LLW \U
LXf NdLWm j Um X [dLm YU:

J TV LLWm TdLYhp AUklTRLd

LsYm. Ap u s Cdm. s GuT Cel
TV TV TXLL[L Cdm. u
TXLLm J ]p UVl Tp
AR]RdV NdLWj RiLp
QdLlTh U] Bs
EhLWdVRL CdLhm. ClT
LLWm CVdLlTYRL LsYm.

77
 U Lhm (V s) V TXL J t t]p
Pm Lhm (TV s) TV TXL 12 tLs tm.
AR SWjp S Lhm (S s) Sl TXL 720
tLs tm. CY LXf NdLWm, gO]LX EX,
W[VLX EX, NLX EX Cmu EXLeLm NVpTm
YLLd Jl. Us CVdLm gO]LX EXdm,
P s CVdLm W[VLX EXdm, S s CVdLm
NLX EXdm \V TkY]. UlTXLp (V
s) EhLokRYu 12 U SWjp J t UhU tYu.
B]p CR 12 U SWjp Pl TXLp (TV s)
AUokRYu 12 tLs tlTu. SlTXLp (S
s) AUokRY] 12 U SWjp 720 tLs tlTu.
CqYTLdd LWQm LLWjds Cdm
TtNdLWeLu AUlm AY Ju\d Ju RPo
Lsm \LU LWQeL[m. CR \Up LXm
Utm V RjYeLs l EXdm UTm LWQjRp
LXfNdLWm ARtLtT UT APu\].

LXf NdLWju o
LLW \p uYU \Xm. gO]LX EXp
J \ GuT W[VLX EXp 12 \Ldm CY
NLX EXp 720 \Ldm NUm. Cm\p gO]LX
EXp Ko Bi kRp W[VL EXp 12 BiLm,
NLX EXp 720 BiLm Tt Cdm. CqY[
YTLs Ckm Gp k Ls[ VR U
(AtRm) Gu]Yu\p UiXp (NLX EXp) SUdV
SpYLl TYm ARtV LXeLm Ju TXY
W[VLX EXm gO]LX EXm Cdm. JYu
NLX (Ui) EXp J \ Gj BiLs YrkRRLd
LsYm. CYd U \ W[VLX EXp Pj
Aem BiLs YrYRLd LsYm. im
CYdL gO]LX EXp Cu] \ Gj AeLm
BiLs YrkRRLd LsYm. AYd t\
]Ls AVUp ClTRLd LsYm. AYd l
EXLeLu Bi YrdL u EXLeLm Ju
TXY Cdm. TV YT GR]m EQW UhPu.

78
UiXLd LQduT (LLW \p) UiXp AYu
Yr BiL[Lm W[VLX EXp B\Wm (6,000)
BiL[Lm, gO]LX EXp 72,000 (GTj
CWiPWm) BiL[Lm AYu YrShLXm (
BiLs) UTu\. LXm Vm l EXLeLp
UThkRm AR] AqXLeLp Ym UdLs Ak
Ls[ V. LXm Utm V RjYeL[ Yu\Yo
Ld UhU CRu EiU Su [em. Ut\YoL[p
k Ls[ CVX.

BiPYdd LXd LQdL?

BiPYu LXf NdLWeLd AlTtThPYu. AYu LX
LXu. ARY LXjtj RXYu. LXeLPkRYu
BiPY]]TVp, GuU RuXp m URp
APVUp JuTXY Gum ClTu. AR]pRu
EoLs, TPld EhThPm EhTPhPm GiQt\
EoL[ Gum LiLlTu. GpX EXLeLm
jRpL[ Gum Yu. GidLVt\ A]j
EoLdm Gum AsYu. Gum U\Up AlTV
ClTu. Gum TW EPVYu. Gum TWt\p
EPVYu. Gum YWmTt\ CuTm EPVYu. BiPYd
C\kR LXm, LrLXm, GoLXm Gum LXYTLs
m PV. GpXd LXm JuTXY Cdm.
G]YRu GiQt\ EoL[ 24 U SWm
LiLdLm AYtd 24 USWm ER Vm
BiPYd CV\.

CWm TLm
Cl TWL Tt\YoLdV (CuT) LXf NdLWm,
SWL L Tt\YoLdV (uT) LXf
NdLWm Ju TXY Cdm. B]p
CVdLU CpX Gu m A[t
LL UYL CVem. C GlT
Gu\p UiX J S[d J
\jRu]j R] td Ls\.
B]p CkRj RtZt SmUp Gp

79
EQWVpX. CW TLp YThPp KW[ [ed
Ls\m. CkR CW TLp YTLs CuT Utm uT
EXLeLp CdL UhP. CuT EXp GuU TLp! uT
EXp GuU Cs! LX YTLm PV. G]Y
GuU LrLXm Uhm Ei. LX YTLs
CpXUVp CuT EXp Gum CuTU! ARu JlTt\
CuTm! uT EXX Gum uTkRu! C, GpX
UiXLeLm LXfNdLWm JuTp CdLUhP. W,
WuU Gum YTLs AqYq EXLeLp
Cdm. C TXY GpX l EXLeLm TpY
\Lp LXfNdLWm GiQt\ YTL[d Lidm.
LXf NdLWju RdLm EPjUhm Npm G]d
LRXL. NPlTsLs m LXf NdLWju RdLm Cdm.
CR] iQYp TjQoL. GpX EoLm Cut
CdL.

Tu]mTXm

80

Tu]mTXm
CuT [dLm
\kR Su]
AkS, CkS Gu]R, AhPeLj
RuS Nu NUX uu;
Su] NpYod O]jp HYm
u] BLjp TdpX VU.
- UkWm.

TpY U\pLp TpY S\Ls

\lThs[]. CkR SRu \kR; AkR SRu \kR
Gu U]m RU\oLs. YVL
Su]p Nu NUp tWL.
CkR AhPeL VL Su]p
NpTYoLs UngO]jp
NpTYoL[m. CYoLd AtTU]
EPmLp \ Gdm CX
HtTP. YVLm Gh YLVLl
dLlTh AhPeL VLm G]lT\.
AY 1. CVUm, 2. VUm, 3. BN]m,
4. WQVUm, 5. WjVLWm,
6. RWQ, 7. V]m, 8. NU GuT].

AhPeL VLm
CVUm (U) : VLm TpYoLs Ryp ypp XdL
yp
YiY]Yt\d Y CVUm. AY, 1. LX,
2. Tn, 3. L[, 4. VQm, 5. APeLU, 6. YgNLm,
7. Tj EiQU, 8. Ls Utm LUm. Cum CY
TpY]m Bm.

VUm (SuU) : XdL YiY]Yts[V NnV

YiY]m RVXm. JdLm EPUV VUm.
\VL VLm Tt Ak ARu Yp tL Yim.

81
 BN]m (CdL) : WQVUm NnYRt u BN]m
Gum CdL \UL[ AVYim. WQVUm
NnYRtLL EPmTf oNnm TtV BN]m. TpY
BN] \Ls Es[]. AYts WNN]m Gum RXZL
tm \UVl TZY SpX. u]o WQVUm
NnmT TU BN]m ApX L BN]jp AUWXm.

WQVUm (fNPdLp) : WQVUm Gu\p WQu

Gum dU YY (Y ARY fd Lt Y,
WQu Y) jY ApX APdY Bm. WQu
Gum dU YY SmUp SWVL APdL V.
WQu Gum dU Y ApX dUd Lt\pRu
WWp NVpTh f (YNm) HtT\. Y G]lTm
Xd Lt\ (BLVd Lt) WWyp
ypp Wl AR] d
yp
YVL YVf NpXRTd Ljp J CdLm HtTjj
Rj AYt\ Esj, ARu AjRjR UpSd
CdU Nn WWyp
ypp Cdm YV Su\L CdL
yp
Yim. WQu Gum dUd Lt\p Esf Utm
Yf HtTu\. YV Su CdmT EsfN
YfN HtTPRRp WQu NVtT jRlT\.
CY WQVUm Bm.

WjVLWm (lL) : WjVLWm Gu\p lRp.

WQ]j lYR WjVLWm. WQ] (dUd
Lt) jmT EPypypp YlTm HtTm. CkR VL
yp
YlTjRp EPm nU Tm. YRm, jRm, XjUm
Gum dt\eLs em. XjUm ApX YZX
Gum N (LTm) Ru VLjtl TV RP. VL
YlTjRp CfN YVd Lidm. ]u
rYNp Gum i[L[ APjd LilT N.
N eL, eL i[Lu APlm em. i[Ls
\dLlTm. Cj[Lp WWyp ypp WlV Y Ehm.
yp
Ehm Y nUVdLlTYRp nU TjRlTh
i[Lp m YV YLdLp GuTo. CqY
YV YfNL YVt\Up i[Lp Lf
NnYR WjVLWm Gum WQj lRXm. CP

82
Utm eLXLp CVem WQ]f ]Sp
lf ]p WQ] CVeLf NnY WjVLWm.

RWQ (Rl) : RWQ Gu\p RjRp - X jRp.

u]o, WQ]f ] Sp lV u
AlWQ]f ] Sp RdLf (XjRf) NnY.
] Su UpYX] YSs[
i[L[j \dLf NnYRtL] Vtp DTYR
RWQVm. ] Su rYNX] i[L[j
\dLf NnY AV TV NVp. i[Ls EPm
Ym - GmLs EhTP GpXl TLm Es[].
nUl TjRlThP YV] YLdLp RXdd
rlTs[ A]j i[Lm Nu Wmm.
u]o CqY WmV YLdLp, YLd LXj RXp
Es[ i[Lp m. RXp Es[ i[Lp
YLdLp WmVm YS Gum Stl Ts[
i[Ls \dLlTh ARu YV YLdLp YVm.
WQu Gum dU YY, S S Gum ]p
X j, AR]p ] Su UpYXj \lTR
RWQVm.

V]m (JLm) : Ju\V EVL ]lT

V]m. ] Su UpYXj \kRp Uhm
TR. Ap Tj YL KNV GlT Yim. CRtl
YSp YLdLX RYlTU[t Bt\Pu NjRp
Yim. Ym Lt\f NjYRp Uhm Y]p
FRlTm Nep Jyp yp HtTP. CRtm Tt RY. CqY\
Up YXj \k AR]p Tj YL Jyp ypL[ GlTl
yp
Ttm Vtm RYlTm. Ym UpYp \lTRp
Uhm Jypyp GmT. Tj YL Jyp yp YU: 1. LPpAX
KN, 2. V]u \p, 3. pXeZp, 4. C ZdLm,
5. UVN, 6. m, Yi Tu\]Ytu eLWm,
7. NeLyp
yp, 8. RWVyp
yp yp, 9. UjR[ KN, 10. Q CN
yp
Ryp
yp
ypV].

CYtsm RWVyp
ypV Lm dLjRdL. Ne
yp
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83
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84
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86
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87
 BQYju NnL
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88
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89
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91
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93
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94
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95
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96
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97
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98
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100
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101
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103
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108
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YYPu dU NWjtm Np\. AkRdLWQ A
CqYjRp CkRTm UVeV Ap NVpTYRp
L] LrfLs Eu LhlThp SPT\Um RYL
]d YWUm Cdu\]. jR L] AYjRp
iPyp
yp Ljl Td YYPu RY] AkRdLWQ
A ClTRp LgL NWjR EQWm CVdLm EWp
m. NLX S] (NdW) AYjRp, Eo X NWjt
YYPu AkRdLWQ A RYL ClTRp X EPmT
EQWm CVdLm m. jR S] AYjRp iPyp yp
Stl Td YYRp Eo, LWQ NWjR EQWm
CVdLm m. X EPm Cdm XUXV, Eo
yp
iPyp
ypu Bt\Xp IYL EPmL[ AVm
CVdLm ULVp CqYjRVf NdWRm Gu
Yo.

109
 UWQjuu URo X
C UX [dLl Tt\ C (NLX, jR) IkRYjRLm
X EPmp HtTm Ut\eLu AlTPX \lThP]
GuT R. jdmT (S] AYjR) X
EPyp
yppRu AVm RtTPm Nn\m. G]Y dU
yp
NWjp Su AYjRLs Ei G]d LRXL. CqY\
Q NWjt t AYjR, LgL NWjt CYL
AYjR, LWQ NWjt JW J AYjR G] AYjRLs
ClT]YLd LRp ZVm. X EPmp Ut\ Su
YL EPmLm APdLm GuT EiUV Vm V
Jp \ [dLu J APeYRl TX X
EPmu RtTh]p Ut\V EPmLu RtT
APeu\]. Vu U\kRm \ [dLu J,
Jou\]. X EPmu ARp Utm Rp LLs Tjm
(O]kVm, LuUkVm) JeV u]W L]
AYjRp dU NWjp dU ARp Utm Rp LLs
RtTu\]. Clm L] AYjRp X NWjp
fPp Tu\ RpLs SPTtd LiRu
Cdu\]. G]Y IkRYjRLs X NWjp Es[ Ed
Uhm HtTu\] GuT R. X NWm UkRm
Ed Su YL NWeLs UYpX GuTRp
UWQjuu dU NWjp Eo RtTm. UWQju
u Ik V UVu RjYeLs dU NWjp NVpTY
LYdLj RdL. UWQUPk dU NWjp Es[ EoLs
RY] AkRdLWQ APu NVpTYRp dU NWjR,
EoLu lTlT EoLs CVdL m Gu\m
AYoLd AUXV Cdm LWQjRp AYoLdV
LhlThP f NVpTP V. \d LLs Tu
Y]YoLu LhlThp UtTf dU NW YLs
ClToLs.

X NWjt UWQm Gum ClTRl Tp

dU NWjtm UWQm Ei. dU NWjt UWQm
HtTm VhP LVm Rp TPld LXm Rp C
AldLXm YW AV GuTRp AYWYo ]Ld
HtT UTm dU NWm X NWm YZeLlTm. NLXp

110
Xo U\p W[VLXWLm gO]LXWLm
EVWdm.

EsPmLp EQokRp...
VL VtVp X EPm Cdm XXV
iPypypu Bt\Xp dU NWjR Sm lTlT CVdL
yp
m. dU NWjyp
ypdm O]kVm LuUkVm
yp
dUULY ClTRp dU NWju NVpTLu
Bt\pLm YPu\]. G]Y \o GiYR Su
Ak Ls[m. Ut\YoLs Gu] Nn\oLs GuTRm
AYoLs AVUXV LiLdLm m. VhP LVjRj
RY] AkRdLWQ APu CVdm LXjp JW SWjp
TXo GiY]Yt\m AYoLu SPYdLL[ AVm
LiLdLm m. \o U]jp U\k Pdm
UUeL[m EQWm. Cum Ru u\
LrfL[ Am AR SWjp Ut\YoLu u\
LrfL[m AY CVXdV]Y. G]Y, VhP
LVjRj RY] AkRdLWQ APu CVdTYoLd
U J RPVL CdL. EXs[ A]j
UL[m EQok Lsm Bt\p CYoLd Ei.
CYoLd YnlTR AhPU j. Gm VL Vtp
DTYoLs UtT AhPU jL[ mTUp TLl
]p Gum ArRjRp V EPm Ryp ypV u YL
yp
EPmL[l T\Y UVLl TTP Yim.

UiXp jR RLU?
TslTlT UVL jRYd im Tsp
TX YiV RY PV. CqY\ V EPm Gum
jR RLjRl Tt\YoLs CmUiXp YZYiV
RY, m PV. G]Y CYoLs p O]RLjRl
Ttj V UVj RjYeL[p BdLlThP EXLeLp
TuTjPu YrYoLs. CYoL[ Ut\ EoL[m
TuTm APVf NnYRtl TTYoLs. CYoL[ TWL
Tt\YoLs. jR Y NuUodLm Xem LXjp CuT
EXp JlTt\ CuTjPu Gum ClToLs.

111
 BRW [dLm
Gp kLs[ YiUuTRtLLY
IkRYjRLu T Eu ClPm X EPmp
UTYRLd lm EiUp Eo Td
YW Y IYL EPmLpRu GuTRj RL.
L] AYjRp Eo, dU NWjp CuT, uTeL[
LdmT (ATdmT) X EPmp Ljl
Tp Eo GqY CdL m? u]U [dVT
dU YdLs X EPmp C\Yu BQlTj
RpYRp Eo (L]p) dU NWjp NVpThPm
X EPmp fj Rp EhTPl TpY RpLs
SPTY RPTP. CqY\ iPyp yp UXYRLd
lm iP y p Ut\ Su YL NWeL[j
RtTju\ GuT R. G]Y B BRWeLs,
Ym EYLm Gu u]UV lPlThP.

WQu CZl
Cl WQu GuT dU Y GuTRj RL. Y
Gum fdLt VL Vt CpXR XUp
WWXd LPk NpYpX. G]YRu CP Utm
eLX SLp WQu Gum dU Y C Lp
TWpLyp
ypk RPe C dj [Lu YV
yp
YVYRLd ]o. WQu Gum dU Y d
YV 12 AeXm YlThl u]o, 8 AeXm UhU
dts NpYRLd \lTm. JqY fuTm 4
AeXl WQ Y CZdL S\. CR]p YrSs
GpXm \\. (AeXm - Wp A[)

LXLu [dLm
LXLu AlTPm YL SLm uYU
[dLlTm. SS G]lTm ] Sd EV 64
LX. CP Utm eLXdl T] LXLs
JqYutm Cdm. BL UjRm LXLs 96 Bm.
eLXd (V LX) EV 16 LXLp 4 LXLs CP
LXdj RWlTYRp (Eo YrdLuT) V LX,
12 LXLs UhU Lidm. G]Y CPLX (NkW

112
LX) 20 LXLs Lid\. B]p CPLX (NkW
LX) 4 LXL[j RWLd (ShNjWm) YZe\. G]Y
YL CPLX 16 LXL[ UhU Lid\.
RWLd 4 LXLs NX NnVlTYRp Eo YrdLu
YrSs GpX \. VL VtVp RWLu 4
LXLs im CPLXp NodLlTm. CPLXs[
ALlTV] 4 LXLs eLXdf (V LX) Nm.
CPLXm eLXm NmT AY Ju\m. G]Y
CP Utm eLXLu UjR 32 LXLm Ad
LXu 64 LXLp Nok UjRm Ad LXd EV
96 LXLs Gu\m. VL Vt CpXR XUp
Add LXd 64 LXLs CkRTm AR]p TVu
HtTYpX. CP Utm eLXLs Ad LXp
NmT 96 LXLm NVpTm. G]Y YLdLp
] Sp CVe\. 96 LXLm NVpTmT
AhPUj, ARm EhTP YL AV EPmLm
Pdm. Ced \lThP LX Gum , SLu
Bt\X A[dm A[ Bm.

] Sp [V?
iPypyp GuT jR UVu Ik RjYeL[d
dUuT HtL]Y R TjRlThs[. iPyp yp
UXYRl Tt Uhm Xo lYo. iPypyp ]
Su YV B BRWeL[ F p NLvWWm
Gum BWm CRrLiP UXPm (RUW) Npm GuTo.
VL YlTjRp ApX V]jRp XRWjs[
(] Su) [ \dLlTh JqY BRWUL
UX p BdO G]lTm Stl Tdf
NpUum [dYo. u]W RTjVT CYoLs
lm LmL[ Ff Npm RiYP SWm
Gum ] Sp GkRRj [m CpX GuTPu
Aj[ APThlTRLd Ym RY\m. YXdLp
TWyp
ypk CPLX S RPef ] Sp ud
yp
Li p du CPj[p \dUuTo. CR]p
WQu Gum dU Y CPLX Sp CVe du
CPl\j [p f LUuTo. CqY\ WQu

113
eLXp CVdmT du YXj[p f Lm.
CRu Xm AY Gu]Yp CP Utm eLX
SLdd rTLp (ARY Lp TWpLp) [Ls
CpX GuTm UpTp (dp) Uhm [Ls Es[]
GuTm R. B]p ] Sd Uhm Zm
(XRWm) UXm (BdO, YS, St) [Ls
Es[] Guu\]o. G]Y TfdLL (YRjtLL) XRWm
G]lTm Lm (Cl Lm) Tp Es[
rj[ypypk BdO G]lTm St Gml Tp
yp
Cdm Up [ YW Es[ UZ A[Ys[
(] Su) Zp Tu\ AUlp WQu GqY
] Sp CVem GuTRm AlT YZdLUL
WWp Xm SPTm fj Ryp ypu XVm
yp
Vm [dYpX. Xo iPyp UXl Y St
yp
(BdO) YkRp WWp Xm SPTm fj Rp
uUuTo. u]W [dVTf NLX VR
AYjRp UhU fj Rp SPT\ GuTPu
Ed GkR YLm AkRd LWQ A UhUpXUp
Es AkRdLWQm (LX, jR, AWLm) NVpTPUp Eo
AVU Chp rd Pdm.

Um iPyp yp GuT TmTL EYLlTjRlThs[Rp

] Su [YV UXUuTo. UZ A[Y
Es[ (] Su) Zyp ypp iPyp
yp yp NpUu\p
iPypyp Gum Tm, Lt\p - oUl T[p - Xl
T[p (Y, WYm, Pm) - GR]p BdLlThP GuTRm
[dLYim. u]W NLX AYjRLu T Eu
ClPm X EPms[ BRWeLp UTu\ G]d
lhPm GkRf NjW pLm Eo BRWeLs[
(] Su) [YV TdYW YRLd
lPpX GuTR Su RL. Eo GkRj [Vm
\lTRL Gem \lTPY CpX.

Cum iPyp yp UXYRLd lhPm Tj YL

JypL[ UtT iPyp GlYRL U\km
lPUhPoLs. ARm Wdm Gu lhPm EQ
EhLs[ YiV RY HtTP GuTRm C[U

114
APYRm JTm \UhPoLs. CYoLs A]Ym
YLdLp Gu\p Gu] GuTR AVUVp HRR
EWdu\]o. CP Utm eLX SLs dj [Lp
\du\] GuTRp fj Ryp
ypuT fd Lt (Y)
yp
WWpL[d LPk NpYpX GuT R. CR]XV
CP Utm eLX SLdd rlTp [Ls
Es[]YLd \lTPpX. B]p ] Sp
Zm UXm [ ClTRLd \lT\. G]Y
] Su rj[ GuT JW J [
GuTRLUp Ljdd rlTs[ A]j
i[L[m lUuT Su RL. Gm
EhTP EPmu GpXl TLm i[Ls
\kdu\]. VLYlTm Utm mTL AjRjRp
WWpLp WlTlThP Y Gum fd Lt\
WWpL[d LPk i[Lp YLdLXLl m.
CY ] Su rj[ \jRp GuTm. Y
Ss[ i [Lp YLdLp YVm NVX
] Su Up[ \jRp G]lTm. CkR
Up[V Su \lTYoL[ UWQjR YpTYoLs
BYoLs. p WUWkWm G]lTm Efj [m
(i[Ls) \dLlTh AYoLs UWQpXl TYr
Ttl TuTjPu Gum ClToLs.

VLl Tt
C VLl Tt YU. fl Tt, u Lp
[dLlTm. 1. Esf - WLm - CRu LX A[ 16
UjW, 2. Yf - WNLm - CRu LX A[ 32
UjW, 3. fNPdLp - mTLm - CRu LX A[ 64
UjW. UjW GuT TZeLX A[. G]Y LLW
\lT 2.5 UjW 1 S Bm. G]Y WLm 6 S,
WNLm 12 S, mTLm 24 S G]d LQdhd LsL.
CdLXjp Lt U APkLiP Cdm LWQjRp
WLm 12 S, WNLm 6 S, mTLm 24 S G] Utd
LsY Lm SpX. CkR \m jRoLs VRVm.

115
 WNLm : WQVUm Gum fNPdm Ttu Rp
TV WNLm Gum Y f Rp Bm. CRt u
f RXl Tt Su AY SXm. CVtLVL Esfm
Yfm CPY CpXUp U, U Lm. RWVUL
CfNVypypuT 500 L.N. (AW yp
yp yphPo A[) Lt UhU
EsdLlThm YPlThm Cdm. CVtLV]
Esftl \ Sm NVtLVL Um ALU] Lt\
EsdL m. C, RWVUL 1500 L.N. (1.5 yp yphPo)
CqY\ CVtLV] Yftl \ Um ALlTVL
WWypypp Cdm Lt\f NVtLVL YVt\ m.
yp
Cm 1500 L.N. (1.5yp yp) Bm. G]Y CVtLV]
yp
YfN Sm NVtLVL Yfu A[Y
ALlTj]p CVtL Yfd Lt\ (500 L.N.)
NVtL Yfd Ltm Nok UjRm 2,000 L.N. (2
yp) Lt\ YVt\Xm. CRuu Esfu A[
yp
CVtLVL 500 L.N. BL CkR, 2,000 L.N. (2yp yp) BL
yp
(Ltu) A[ UTm. CRu u]m NVtLVL Um
1500 L.N. (1.5 yp
yp) Lt\ EsdL m. G]Y CR]m
Noj EsdLlTm Ltu A[ 3500 L.N. (3.5 yp yp)
Bm. CkR 3500 L.N. (3.5 yp) LtRu mTLjuT
yp
Su AjRlT\. G]Y WQVUm Gum fNPdm
Ttd 3500 L.N. Lt\l WLUL Es[ Cj 3500
L.N. Lt\ WWpLp Su (mTLUL) Ajl
up WNLUL 3500 L.N. (3.5yp yp) Lt\ YVt\
yp
YiUuT AWL. Su Tt Tt\YoLd CRu
A[ 7000 L.N. (7 yp yp) YW ALdm. Ryp ypp WNLm
yp
GuT CVtLV] YfN ALlTVL YVt\lTm
Lt\m Noj UjRm 2000 L.N. (2 yp yp) BL Cdm.
CfNVd SWd LQd PV. mTLju u YYm
fd Lt UhU LQdp Ls[lTm. CRu LX A[
6 S Bm. mTLju u WNLm Gum YfN
UpXULm WLm 6 S A[p YVt\ Yim.
CY WNLm.

WLm : uVT 2,000 L.N. (2yp

yp) Lt\ YVtV
yp
\ 3,500 L.N. (3.5yp
yp) Lt\ UYLm WLm
yp

116
EsdL Yim. CRu LX A[ 12 S. CY WLm.
AL GPs[ J T[j dmT Sm AVUXV
Uo Utm Ytl TLp WljRuU (AjRm)
HtTY Li. CR Wlj RuUpRu WLm Gum
EsfN CdLYim. R[okR Xp WLm NnRp
AR] (fdLt, Y) APdm mTLm RPeuT
YfNL YVm. AlTV YfNL YPUp
mTLjRp CdmT Lm Q\p HtTYPu mTL
SWm \k WNLju LX A[m \YPu Ym
(Yfd Lt) Lm WYL YVm.
G]YRu Wlj RuU Cdm XXV
EsfNl WLUL CdL YiUuTR Su [ed
LsL. AR SWjp 3,500 L.N. Ltu (Y) A[
\TPUm CdmTl Tojd Ls[ Yim.
\Y] A[p Lt\ EsjRp mTLjuT fj
Q\p HtTm. G]Y Wlj RuUV Yypyp
ypUVLm
UYLm WLm ALU] A[ Lt\ (Y)
Esdm NVX WLm G]j RL.

mTLm : mTLm Gum fNPdm (WQVUm) Tt

Lm L]U]. G]Y RPdLd LXjp mTLju LX
A[ 6 SVLY CdLXm. Su Tu\ u]o 24
Sm CRt ALU] LX A[m fN APdLXm.
mTLjuT CWi NVpLs Cdm. 1. WLju T
CdLlTm Y (Lt) Yn ApX d YVL YV\d
P. G]Y mTLjuT Ljl Tp Es[
WpY[ V Su CdL Yim. CRt Sm RXVf
Nt\ rSd Uo TdLm NndL Yim. CR SWjp
SdLd L] AiQl Tp UpSdl Tj Su
Ajm CkR XUp UpRP Utm rj RPl
TtL[ Ju\ Ju Noj CdLd P. CWi
YNp Es[ TtLs, Rhm RPUm CdL
YiUVul TtL[ AjRULd LdLd P.
2. Wlj RuUXV CdLlThP YV YLPu
mTLjuT YypUVL AjR Yim. CRtLL Sm
Clt UtTs[ Uol TVf Nt u]df

117
NndL Yim. LdLlTm CdLm R[of APVUp
CdL CWi LL[m C LpLu RPdp
Fu\p Yim. WLm Xm CdLlThP YV (Lt\)
Su Cdd Lh]p (ARY Yn, d YVL Yf
HtTP YiQm Ljl Tp Rm CdLm Utm
YLPu YVd LhVL - EVL - Yyp ypUVL Su
yp
Ajm NVp) UhU WNLju T YV UpXULm
WLm YVt\ m. AR SWjp VL YlTm
HtTm. Ym Ljl Tp Uhm YVj RjRp,
Y Su AjRR XUp VL YlTm HtTPUp
V SWjp YVm. fj Q\p HtTh
WNLju T WYL Y Lm V SWjp
YVm. Y YVV AR Wp Esfm
RPUuTRp WLju LX A[m \Tm. CR]p
Um fj Q\p Uhm ALUUVu VL YlTm
RPTm. G]Y UX [dLlThP \p mTLjuT
YV Su Cdd Lh]p UhU VL YlTm
HtTUuT RL. mTLm kRm Sm HtTjV
Wlj RuU Utm CdV NnL CWiPm R[ojV
u]W WNLm NnVYim. CqY NnRpRu
WNLjuT YV UYLm WLm 6 S A[p
YVt\Xm. Wlj RuUVj R[ojRp Y,
WYL d YV YVm. VL YlTm EPyp yp
ypp
HtTP YiUuTRtLLY mTLm Gum WQVUm
(fNPdLp) NnVlTm. u]W [dVT Sm LhlThp
WQu Gum dU Y CpXUVp YV Su
CdYu Xm U\LULl WQu NVpThPj
Rd\m. YV Su CdYu Xm T\lTm VL
YlTU NLjRX Gu \lTm GuTR ]
oYUL. YL, LX A[ dLUp YVtV 2,000
L.N. (2yp
yp) Lttm (NVtLV V Yf) \
yp
Sm WLm Xm 3,500 L.N. (3.5ypyp) Lt\ Es fNL
yp
Cj, CR 3.5yp yp Lt\d mTLjRp Su Cdd Lhl
u]o CR A[ 3.5yp yp Lt\ UYL WNLjuT
YVtYR WQVUm Gum fl Ttu J
t G]lTm.

118
 VLl Tt (fl Tt, WQVUm)u J t
kRm EP]V AjR tdf NpXd P. 15 S
ApX 20 S SW A[ CPY LdLYim. CkR
CPuT fj Rp CVtLVLY
CdLYim. LX CPY RWUp RPofVLf tLs
AUU]p fj Q\p Um Um HtTh EPm
Lm L[jYPu UtLi VLl TtVf NnV
CVXR XUm HtTm. RPdLjp Ik Rp Tj
tLs UhU NnVYim. Tt Su TZdLU]p 80
tLs YW NnVXm. LX Utm UX Y[Lp
VLl Tt NnVXm. Gm LXp (VtLX) 4
U Rp 7.30 U YWds VLl Tt NnYR Lm
\lT]. BoYs[YoLs UX U 5 Rp CW 7
Uds VLl Tt NnVXm.

VL YlTm HtTmT EPmp VoY YVm.

SdLm HtTm. TZLl TZL SdLm Utm VoY HtTYm
\m. EPp EZl]X - EPtTt]X HtTm
YlTjtm VL YlTjtm YTLs Es[]. VL
YlTjRp EPm nU APm. TYL du J
[ YV Uhm fj Rp SPTm. CWiPY
[ APThdm. \V] mTLl TtVp TU]
VL YlTm HtThPp UhU APThkR Cu]
[m Su \dm. ARY du CWi [LU
\kRT Cdm. EPmp VL YlTm Su Cdm YW
WQVUm Gum fl TtuT du C
[Lm Su \kRT Cdm. VL YlTm TU]
A[ HtTPp HRm J [p Es[ APl
eL. ApX KW[YY J [p APl HtTm.
VLl TtuT du C [Lm Su
\dLp, VL YlTm Su HtTPpX GuTR Ak
Li mTLju LXA[Ym YV Su Cdm
NVXm ALdL Yim. Gm CWi [Lm
Su \dLm APThdm J [u
APljRuU KW[ emTVLYY mTLm
TXYim. VLl Tt Su HtThPm CWi

119
[Lm Su \lTPu CP Utm eLX YT
CpXUp du C [Lm Y Npm. Ttu
RPdLjp mTLju \kR LX A[XV CWi
[Lm \dm. B]p Tt Um Um ALdL
CWi [Lm Su \dL YiU]p mTL SWm
ALdL Yidm. mTL SWm YV Cdm
NVm ALdL - ALdL VL YlTm ALj p
i[Lp Y, YLdLXLl m. G]Y TlTVLd
mTLju LX A[Ym ALdL YiUuT
LhPVUm. CRtLtT WLm Utm WNLju LX
A[L[m ALdLXm.

] S Gp \dL. u]W RTjVT

C\Yu SodLhlThp iPyp
yp Gum V UVu
RjYeLs ClTRp YgNLoLs Gu]Ru Vu\m
] \dLY \dL. SpPmm V JdLm
C[Um YndLl Tt\YoLs Gp ]Vj
\dLXm. C, 10 ApX 12 BiLs Tu\ u]W
] \dLXm. Bm ClT O]jRu F
SPTYRp ] \lTRt QP LXm RYlTP.
X BiLXV \dLm m. TU, PVt,
FdLm, L] EZl, Su]mdL CYLs CkRpRu
Yt Pdm.

C VLl TtuT Rk Ls[ YiY]

YU: Tt RPe u UXm, o CYt\d
Ljh Lm, L, LpL[d L PYim.

1. RdL BN]\p (TU BN]m, LBN]m) AUok

RX, Lj, Uo, Y A]jm SWL CdmT ok
CdL Yim. ok CkRpRu ALlTV] YV
EsdL m.

2. TpX Tp Noj CdRp P.

3. VLl TtuT EsfN (WLm) YfN

Wk NpXd P.

120
 4. mTLjuT Q\p HtTu EP] CdLjRj
R[oj WNLm NnV Yim. AjR t RPeYRtd
LX CPY TU] A[ RWYim.

5. WLjuT RX ok Nt lT Sdf
NnYL CdLXm. mTLjuT RX, Uo TdLULf
NndL Yim. AR SWjp Sd, L] AiQjp
Tk AjRUL CdLYim. CqY NnVp
mTLju Y CdLm LWQUL, Y d ApX Yn
YV YVm. WNLjuT EPm R[ofVL
CdLYim.

6. CRVj l Lm TPTPjRp tLu CPY

SWjR ALdL Yim. JqY tdm LX CPY
\kR 15 SL[Y CdL Yim. Y VLm Su
TZdLjt YkRu CPY LdLUp RPofVLf
tLs AUVYim.

7. Lp TLs UWjlTLRT CdL, AYtu s[

AjRjRj R[oj CWjR KhPm RPTPUp CdmT
HtTjd LsL.

8. VLl TtuT CPLXp Uhm (CPdj

[) WLm NnVYim. eLXp (YX dj[)
WNLm NnVYim. CRt Ht\ YLp dj [V
APdL Sm LWpL[l TVuTjRXm. VL YlTm HtTh
C dj [Lm Su \kRm GlTm WLm
CPdj [m WNLm YX dj [m SPT\p
Yim.

9. ] \lTRt EPp nUm JdLm

RYlTYPu mTLju LX A[Ym YV Cdm
NVXm TlTVL ALjd LiP CdL Yim.

10. fl Tt Su TZdLm HtThPu WLm C Te,

mTLm C Te, WNLm J Te (2:2:1) G]d LQdhd
LsL. 24+24+12 BL 60 S G] fl Ttu J
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UhU EV. Weypno
ypk URu Ru]u Gum
LhT Lm RY\] GuTR UX V CkR
EiUV AkR u]WY RoL[L.

Li LhP \L V SUvLWm?
G]Y, EXL UdL[! TWd LeLs! Q Tod
LLdd NX NnVUp UR Xm SuUVPYRtf
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CuTjRl T\ Bi - Ti CTXm LUVL EZdL
E LsWL. S[ GuT CpX GuTm NjVm.
Bi GfuUVp Qof CpX GuT Gu
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Rld LQd TPYiPm! tuTm Gu\ Ju EXp
d Ym Sp RLf NuUodLm UtLsYRuT
JTm SPT\! (NuUodLs Uhm CRt Xd.)
Qof CuTm EXp
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Tm RVj iQUL
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GhPdL! LiLhP \ LWYu
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176
AdLsLu ZVj RdLXm. UTm Tk
TY YjRRLY Ls[Xm! A]jm j
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1. WYLf Npm jLsLs, Dol N GuT

Lm Y CpXR N GuTRp iQUL Ju\ Ju
DodLUhP!

2. YPm WTgNm Gu m LWQjRp GuU

jLs (Nu LiP ClTRp) Ju\] Ju DodL!

3. iYp Up - r CpXUVp J Lp TVQm

u\ jLsLs Gu] Bt Gu \V.

4. Knd YkRj jLsL[ XjR GkR J

Nm PV. jLsLs XVL KPjp CkRp
UhU Dol N NVpTm.

5. HR Ju - A CVtL Gu\m SpXR! j

LsL[ X jV Gu HtdLiPm j
LsL[l T - TVLl dm N Gm
CpXUVp iu hPm EYm NjVm PV!
G]Y Dol Nu NVpThPp im AR UTm
TkRu EYm!

6. HR Ju - A CVtL Gu\m SpXR! j

LsL[l T, TVLl jR] Gu\m AlTLs Dol
NVp RjRl TkL[L EYUu TpY
iu hPeL[L JTm EYL!

7. GlTV - A CVtLVp Gu\m SpXR! Sm

TpY UiPXm Gum iu hPm EY] Gu
Htd LiPm iu EYm SWjp AlTd
EhThP jLsL[j RjRl L[Ll dm Bt\p
Gm CpXR LWQjRp LsLs, EYLUhP!

8. GlTV - A CVtLVp Gu\m SpXR! LsLs

EY] Gu\m LsLs EYm SWjp LsLs
EYm Tp Es[ jLsL[d Tm Bt\p

177
CpXR LWQjRp QdLsLs (Dol NVp)
EYLUhP!

9. GlTV - A CVtLVp Gu\m SpXR! Sm

Vd mTm EYt Gu HtdLiPm
LsL[m QdLsL[m GLtL[m Yp
ShNjWeL[m RuRXLf ZXf Ztm NnU]m -
ZXf Ldm Bt\p CpXR LWQjRp AYt\
Xjm Bt\p Dol Ndd PV!

10. GlTV - A CVtLV Gu\m SpX! Vd

mTjp Es[ A]jm XjRlThP] Gu\m
pq
RuRypypp AYt\ CVdm Bt\p DolNd CpXR
LWQjRp LsLm QdLsLm R] CVeL!

11. GlTV - A CVtLVp Gu\m NV! V

mTjp Es[ A]jm CVe] Gu\m LsL[
H\jRZ JW NUR[jp Li Ym Bt\p Dol Nd
CpXR LWQjRp LsLs NUR[jp CVeLUhP!

12. GlTV - A CVtLV Gu\m NV! Vd

mTjp Es[ A]jm GlTV CVeu\] Gu\m
AYt\j RPok CPPUp CVdm Bt\p Gm
CpXUVp Dol NVp JTm Vd mTjRj
RPok CVeL YdL V!

N! AlTV]p Dol N Gu]Ru Nn\ Gu\p

JuP Dol NVp SPT\pX GuT R!
G]Y Dol N GuT AVX[oLu Ytd
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GuT iQm!

LtT]! LtT]! LtT]!

G]Y DolN GuTR LtT]d LsL. EiUp
CVtL GuT JW J L Tu\ J V T[dP
EYdL! BL, C\Yu CpXVu SjLoLs Gu]Ru
LWVLd Lj]m SjLo Smm CVtLVuT

178
C\Yu TWt\XjRu dm! S j L o L s
rs
NPlTdj Ru Ryp
ypPm Ru\oLs! jl T[]
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EPmT Eo! AlTV]p EPmT CVdY G Gu
SjLoL[d LhPp EoY Gum Bd_uRu LWQm
GuToLs! SpX! Bd_u NPlTs! iQUL
Bd_dm ApX AYoLs lm td UtThP
Al ThLs GYtdm l Yl PV.
URu l Yld G LWQm Gu \VR
SjLoLm TjRYLm AVX[oLm p
hPsR]UL CVtL! CVtL! CVtL! Gu\ JlT
YlToLs! YL, CVtLd l Yl EiP
CpXV G] ]]p Ei GuTYoLs PoLs BYoLs!
l Yl GuT Ju\d Ju UThP! mTd
\YiUp Ko Bls Z Ym CVtL! UX
TYm CVtL GuT ATjRm. Cum RYLd
\YiUp J Tu \m YiUVL Cdm
AR SWjp AlTu \m LUVLm CdUu
]p AlTh EV EiUV] \m G Gu
YWV\ NnV V. Dol N GuT UhUpXUp
CVtL GuTm AVX[oLs LtT] GuTR
PSmdLm Bm!

l Yl
l Yl Gum UThP EQof jl
T[] Eod Uhm EV! NPlT[] EPmTj
Ru lTlT CVdY EoT[ GuTRj RYL
EXLUdL[! - EQoWL! G]Y EPm Y; Eo Y!
RY] EiUm CYVm.

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im kRWoj SV]u YWXtt YYm. AYo
p tuTjR YjRo. TuTjp EVL u\o.
C\Yu, CuT EXL] LXVjtf kRWW AZj
YmTj RYoLd BQhPo. Ys[V] Ju\
FoVL HtT NnRo. AkR Ys[V]p kRWo Fok

179
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tu
SeLVoL[], TWYVWm ]dLpX! NeypVWm
]dLpX! U\Lj Rm
RZW] LZt AYo
Gum NWUu
TU[jRu ]jRo!
kRWu ]lT
iQYp EQokR
NWUu TUm Rm
FoV] Ys[d W Gf kRWojVPu
LXVm APkRo. CYu\ EiUV] Sh! Rm Uhm
CuT EX NpX U]m JlTUp RmPu Rm RZm
YWYiUu mV kRWu Es[m
AsUVU]RuT R! kRWo ]dLm
tu
TWYVm NeypypVm p LXVm NokR]o Gu
TVWQm m.

Ru umY[p SiToLs R]d ERY Yim

Gu ]lTYoLs \kR CmUiXp Rm Cum
SWjp Rm SiTm EPu CdLYim Gum
LsLRu Lm EVoY]! BuUSVm GuTRu
CmUiXp Lm YiPtTX]. BuUSVm
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BuUSVm Gum Ju\ JuRu JlTt\ CuTjtm
YYdm. CkR BuUSV JUlThP Yyp tu
ypjRY
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ypeLm s[ CmUiXp \kRo.
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iQm!
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T CWp GkRl TV] GlVh
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180
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Rm Uhm TuTm Tt\p TR! RmTp EXL UdLs

A]Ym TuTm T\p YiUu ]jR Ys[Xu
AsEs[m CmUiXp Vm LQVR Ju! kRWo,
Rm RZW Uhm ]jRo. B]p Ys[XW Rm Cum
SWjp RmTp EXL UdLs A]Ym Cu\p Yim
Gu mVR Sdu Ys[Xo JYo UhU
CmUiXp LiLiP BiPYu BYo GuT iQm!
TuTju TUVj RYL [dV Ys[XoRu
EiUXV _Lj! TWNu! TWVo! NuUodLjR
EQojV UTm UngO! UnLiPo! CYo TU
A[Pt AVRm!

TuT XTm
vwxzw {|w} ~ ~
Vk RUn [eYR.

TuT XTjR VPkRYo TU G? Gu\V Yip:-

Rp, SWm, Gu, RN, CWjRm, dXm Ryp

ypV AjR
yp
RLVeLm, - AYtu LWQeL[V AjR W
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jR RLWQ WQY RLjRm, Ru\lTRu
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ClToLs.

Es[, Ui] iUVp RdLlTPoLs; \jR,

Ui, Lp Ryp ypVYt\p Gm, AY AYo Yp
yp
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\jR Xjm AYo YYm AkR; Es[ Sl]
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m Ym RuY]YpX;- Es[ Lt] FdLjRp
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181

BRWj Xu, WRWjm AYo RLm EXm.

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yp
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182
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Rm, N RypypVYt\m, RYo, Yo, URo, SWLo,
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- GdLXjm, - AYo RLm YdLlTP; Ys Lj Ryp
yp
ypV
LL[m, LidLlTP; GpX AiPeLm AdLs
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yp yp
ypV
LU jLm - VL jLm, O] jLm - AYo
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xjRp, LjRp, AjRp, U\jRp, AdWjRp

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- TgN LojRdLm AYo LPdLi ToYVp ReLs ReLs
Rp SPjYoLs; - AYoLs A LP[VYL Cdm;
AYoLs NnL LPs NnLVL Cdm; AYoLs ATYm
LPs ATYUL Cdm. NoY NjPVYoL[n,
GdLXjm ApXRYoL[n; - BQYm, UV, LuUm
Gum mUXeLm, AmUX YR]Lm CpXRYoL[n,
- TWs YiQ PVYoL[n [eYoLs. NPUV
J mm, AYW SdLjRp Eo Ttl TgN
jVeLm Nnm. AYW TU YRkR, jRkR,
LXkR, TRkR, SRkR, VLkRm Guu\ B\kReLm
[em; AYt\d LPkm [eUu AVYim: -
CY TuT XTjR VPkRYo TU Vu
AVYim. CqY TuT XTjR Ys[Xo [d\o.

BpToh Iuvu
gO]m Gum AVp EXp BpToh Iuvu
GuTYo URj RuUd Ko CXdVm. UTm gO.
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L]o. V WLQjuT CdLsLV
AVX[oLs ETj]oLs! B]p EiUp Ju
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183
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Ju SoLhl TRV Y[jR GuT UTm Z!
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EXL UdL[! ]eLs!

gO]m Gu]Ru Iuv] UTm URVLd

LiP]m UngOLu UngO]jR Jl
NnRp UngO]ju u Iuvu J UTm TR
GuTR ETjm. Bt\p TtV AYu LhTm (E=MC2)
ZV]! Bt\X EPV NPlTs. NPlTp
U\kdm Bt\pRu YlTUVuf NPlTs
JTm Bt\p BL! Bt\p JTm NPlT[L
EYL.

UV
NPlT[] UV, Lidl XlTPR Gu
u]UV lPlThs[. UVu CXdLQm YU:

jRUn AYn HLXVRn EXLj tLo

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(CRuTs) NPEXp Es[ UV Gum NPlTs

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Ju\m EXLm RuYRt J jRm AYt\Rm
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184
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T[ Bm. NPUV, EodLn C\Yu TVuTjm
Ko Bt\p EPV Ts. CRl TdWL Nj (YlTt\p)
GuTo. G]Y UVp LQlTm Bt\dLpXm
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o Lidl XlThPm dL] J YYm PV.
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185
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T\lTm CuTUm - tuTm. CjR rXp URu
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LUV] LlT YR] (WNY YR])VRu
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Y[olTm L]UL YXV Bm.

ypp Wld mTLm NnY
CqY\ fdLt\ WWyp
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tuTju [YL ku YVt\m GUVL
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WlT Tp [ ARm Wk TLl ]p EPp Ym
m.

tuTju [Yp V EPp EY\. B]p

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186
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Cd mTLjRm VL YlTjRm WWyp
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NPu Lyp
ypVd Z Rh]p NP yp
ypk Y
(LVX Y - LoTu - P- BdN) hd [mYRu?
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Y p LWYRp!

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Sn HtTYi. Lt\jRm ALUL UtV CPeLp
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Gml TLm (i[ YVL) Lt EhNpm
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C\ YThPu NuUodLjp Npm VLh
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187
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L[Vypypu J T YU:

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188
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225

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226

Ju. Ll \kRp RN (NR)m C[dm! RN
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227
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GuT TZU. CTp A[Y CuTjR ATjRp
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u AUhPjp Es[ p EPdd L [dm

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228

Ys[Xo, SmU SxPm APVf Nnm Su G]
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1. BLWm, 2. U]m, 3. jW, 4. TVm BV

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229