Signals & Systems

Lecture 1 - Introduction
 Lecturer Information
Name: Alp ERTRK

E-mail: alp.erturk@kocaeli.edu.tr

Office Hours: To be determined

(In addition, you can ask any course-related questions via e-mail)

Teaching Assistant: Ersin ZA

 Course Resources
James H. McClellan, Ronald W. Schafer, Mark A. Yoder, Signal
Processing First, Pearson Education International

Alan V. Oppenheim, Alan S. Willsky, S. Hamid Wahab, Signals &

Systems, Prentice Hall Signal Processing Series

Simon Haykin, Barry Van Veen, Signals and Systems, John

Wiley & Sons
 Learning Outcomes
1) Analyze sinusoidal signals using their properties
2) Perform phasor calculations on complex exponential signals
3) Formulate the transform from sinusoidal signals to spectrum
representation
4) Utilize basic continuous-time signals
5) Analyze linear time-invariant systems
6) Describe the frequency response of linear time-invariant
systems
7) Evaluate the analysis of signals using the Fourier Transform
8) Define the transform between continuous-time and discrete-
time signals
9) Apply Laplace Transform to analyze linear time-invariant
systems
 Grading
Midterm (40 %)

Final Exam (60 %)

Note: Lecture attendance is not required, but is highly advised

Signals & Systems
 Signals & Systems
Signal: Pattern of variations of a physical quantity that
carries information and that can be manipulated,
stored or transmitted by physical processes

System: Something that can manipulate, store or

transmit signals
 Signals & Systems
Signal: A function of one or more variables that conveys
information on the nature of a physical phenomenon

System: An entity that manipulates one or more signals

to accomplish a function, thereby yielding new signals
 Signals & Systems
Signal: Function of one or more independent variable,
contains information about the behavior or nature of
some phenomenon

System: Responds to a signal particular signal by

producing other signals or some desired behavior
 Signals & Systems
Voltages and currents as a function of time in an electrical circuit
=> Signals

Circuit => System

 Signals & Systems
The pressure on the accelerator pedal of an automobile => Signal

Automobile => System

Increasing the speed of the vehicle => System response

 Signals & Systems
Light from different sources and light reflected from objects =>
Signals

Camera => System

Photograph => System response

 Signals & Systems
Control inputs => Signals

Robot arm => System

Arm movement => System response

 Signals & Systems Example
Mass and Spring
 Signals & Systems Example
Tanks
 Signals & Systems Example
Cell Phone System
 Signals & Systems Example
Cell Phone System: Modularity
 Used in the fields of :
Acoustics
Aeronautics
Biomedical Engineering
Chemical Process Control
Circuit Design
Communications
Control
Electromagnetics
Energy
Military
Image Processing
Remote Sensing
...
 Signals & Systems Problems
Given input x, what is the output y of system z?
 Signals & Systems Problems
Design the system z, if for input x the desired output is y
 Signals & Systems Problems
If a signal is x, what is the underlying function or information f?
 Signals & Systems Problems
Modify system z, based on input signals x and output signals y
Questions?
?