Harmonic filtering - Electrical Installation Guide

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Harmonic filtering

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Navigation
General rules of electrical installation
Main page Contents design
How to browse and 1- Passive filters
search Connection to the MV utility
1.1- Typical applications
Random page distribution network
1.2- Operating principle
2- Active filters (active harmonic Connection to the LV utility
Interaction
distribution network
conditioner)
How to contribute
2.1- Typical applications MV and LV architecture selection
Play with sandbox
2.2- Operating principle guide for buildings
Recent changes
Help 3- Hybrid filters LV Distribution
3.1- Typical applications
Toolbox Protection against electric shocks
3.2- Operating principle and electric fires
What links here 4- Selection criteria
Related changes Sizing and protection of conductors
4.1- Passive filter
Special pages
Printable version 4.2- Active harmonic conditioners LV switchgear: functions and
Permanent link 4.3- Hybrid filters selection
Cite this page Overvoltage protection
Main contributors
Energy Efficiency in electrical
Share it In cases where the preventive action distribution
presented above is insufficient, it is necessary
Power Factor Correction
to equip the installation with filtering systems.
Power harmonics management
There are three types of filters:
Detect and eliminate harmonics: why?
Passive Definition and origin of harmonics
Definition of harmonics
Active
Origin of harmonics
Hybrid Essential indicators of harmonic
distortion and measurement principles
Power factor
Passive filters Crest factor
Harmonic spectrum
Typical applications r.m.s. values
Usefulness of the various indicators of
Industrial installations with a set of non-linear Harmonic distortion
loads representing more than 500kVA Harmonic measurement in electrical
networks

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Harmonic filtering - Electrical Installation Guide

(variable-speed drives, UPSs, rectifiers, etc.) Main effects of harmonics in electrical

installations
Installations requiring power-factor
Resonance
correction Increased losses
Installations where voltage distortion must Overload of equipment
Disturbances affecting sensitive loads
be reduced to avoid disturbing sensitive Economic impact
loads Harmonics standards
Solutions to mitigate harmonics
Installations where current distortion must be Basic solutions to mitigate harmonics
reduced to avoid overloads Harmonic filtering
The method to optimize harmonics
mitigation
Operating principle
Characteristics of particular sources
An LC circuit, tuned to each harmonic order to
and loads
be filtered, is installed in parallel with the non-
linear load (see Fig. M28). This bypass circuit PhotoVoltaic (PV) installation
absorbs the harmonics, thus avoiding their Residential and other special
flow in the distribution network. locations
Generally speaking, the passive filter is tuned ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
to a harmonic order close to the order to be
Measurement
eliminated. Several parallel-connected
branches of filters can be used if a significant
reduction in the distortion of a number of harmonic orders is required.

Fig. M28:Operating principle of a passive filter

Active filters (active harmonic conditioner)

Typical applications
Commercial installations with a set of non-linear loads representing less than 500kVA
(variable-speed drives, UPSs, office equipment, etc.)
Installations where current distortion must be reduced to avoid overloads.

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Harmonic filtering - Electrical Installation Guide

Operating principle
These systems, comprising power electronics and installed in series or parallel with the
non-linear load, compensate the harmonic current or voltage drawn by the load.

Figure M29 shows a parallel-connected active harmonic conditioner (AHC) compensating

the harmonic current (Ihar = -Iact).

The AHC injects in opposite phase the harmonics drawn by the non-linear load, such that
the line current Is remains sinusoidal.

Fig. M29:Operating principle of an active filter

Hybrid filters

Typical applications
Industrial installations with a set of non-linear loads representing more than 500kVA
(variable-speed drives, UPSs, rectifiers, etc.)
Installations requiring power-factor correction
Installations where voltage distortion must be reduced to avoid disturbing sensitive loads
Installations where current distortion must be reduced to avoid overloads
Installations where strict limits on harmonic emissions must be met

Operating principle
Passive and active filters are combined in a single system to constitute a hybrid filter (see
Fig. M30). This new filtering solution offers the advantages of both types of filters and
covers a wide range of power and performance levels.

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Harmonic filtering - Electrical Installation Guide

Fig. M30:Operating principle of a hybrid filter

Selection criteria

Passive filter
It offers both power-factor correction and high current-filtering capacity.Passive filters also
reduce the harmonic voltages in installations where the supply voltage is disturbed. If the
level of reactive power supplied is high, it is advised to turn off the passive filter at times
when the percent load is low.

Preliminary studies for a filter must take into account the possible presence of a power
factor correction capacitor bank which may have to be eliminated.

Fig. M31:Example of MV passive filter

equipment

Active harmonic conditioners

They filter harmonics over a wide range of frequencies and can adapt to any type of load.

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Harmonic filtering - Electrical Installation Guide

On the other hand, power ratings are limited.

Fig. M32:Active
Harmonic Conditionner
(AccuSine range)

Hybrid filters
They combine the performance of both active and passive filters.

Category: Chapter - Power harmonics management

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