University of Mindanao CAFAE_ARH 1_Prehistoric and

mesopotamian architecture
Study online at quizlet.com/_3biknz

1. apadana the great audience hall in a persepolis 16. hanging one of the seven wonders of the ancient
gardens world; a palace terraced with lush garden
2. assyrian architecture period where palaces took
irrigated with water from the euphrates
architecture precedence over religious buildings; mud
through pumping
brick was the principal material, stones were
used for carved monumental decoratives 17. haram the private chamber apartment in an assyrian
tructures, and external walls plainly treated palace
but ornamented with carved relief sculpture
18. hogan a navaho indian dwelling; eath and logs
or with polychrome bricks; has large interior
covered with mud and sand
courts filled with columns
19. igloo an eskimo house, built of blocks of hard snow
3. babylonian last great mesompotamian city-empire of the
or ice, dome shape; made of wood or stone
architecture ancient age, it had mud brick construction
if permanent
and walls articulated by pilasters and
recesses, and burt and glazed bricks; 20. ishtar gate a large 4 storey portal dominating the
palaces and temples were decorated with processional avenue through babylon city. it
enamel brick friezes of bulls and lions has glazed bricks, colorful tiles, bulls and
dragon figures
4. built shelter a structure that is temporary, for limited
investment, time, and energy; for the 21. jericho one of the world's oldest continually-
nomadic inhabited city; located on a hilltop, stone
houses with plaster floors, surrounded by
5. catal huyuk largest and most well preserved neolithic
high walls and towers
village; has rectangular houses packed
together into a single architectural mass, has 22. Khan the service chamber apartment in an assyrian
no streets or passageways palace

6. clochan stoned beehived-shaped hut with corbelled 23. khirokitia located in cyprus, one of the earliest
roof. found in kerry ireland neolithic village; utilized a complex
architectural system built according to a
7. corners the cardinal points of a ziggurat
preconceived plan, suggesting a structured
8. cove refers to 3 standing stones, 2 at the side and social organization; houses were built in
1 at the back limestone, circular in plan at 2 to 9 meters
diameter
9. cromlech a circular arrangement of megaliths
enclosing a dolmen or burial mound 24. megalith ancient stone monument
10. darius the designed the capital city, persepolis 25. menhir monolith, prehistoric monument consisting an
great upright stone, usually standing alone but
sometimes aligned with others in parallel
11. dolmen from the word "daul" meaning table, and
rows
"maen" meaning stone; a prehistoric
monument consisting of 2 or more large 26. mesopotamia now present day Iraq, it is fertile plain
upright stones supporting a horizontal stone between the tigris and euphrates
slab or capstone, usually regarded as a tomb
27. mud bricks dirt mixed with water and straw, poured into
12. domestication made living permanently in an area possible wooden molds and left to dry in the sun or
baked in kilns
13. dur-sharrukin the palace of sargon in iraq by sargon II; a
squarish parallelogram city with palaces, 28. mud bricks main material used in the ziggurat
temples, and government buildings
29. nomadic the earliest way of living where people move
compressed within the walls
from one place to the other
14. fertile an agricultural region at taurus and zargo
30. persepolics "the city of persians", it had no shrine and no
crescent mountains in a broad arc from the eastern
temples identified
shores of mediterranean to present day Iraq
31. persian characterized by a synthesis of architectural
15. fire altar this is where the priests conduct ceremonies
architecture elements of surround countries such as
at the top of the ziggurat
assyria, egypt, and ionian greece
32. rock caves earliest form of human settlement
33. seraglio the palace proper apartment in an assyrian palace
34. stone circle associated with burials or cremation; or celestial observatories for early agrarian based societies
35. stonehenge a megalithic monument in wiltshire, england with 4 concentric rings of trilithons and menhirs centered around an
altar stone
36. sumerian architecture developed by sumerians; monumental temples of sun-dried brick faced with burnt or glazed brick,
architecture often built upon the ruins of their predecessor
37. throne room famously known as "the hall of a hundred columns"
38. tigris and rivers in the fertile crescent
euphrates
39. tipi portable indian shelter
40. tower of babel by king Nebuchadnezzar II, constructed to "rival heaven"; had 7 tiers at 300 feet covered in glazed tiles to worship
marduk, the god of babylon city
41. trabeation the most basic construction system for structures. it consists of vertical supports called posts that hold up
horizontal elements called lintels
42. trilithon refers to 2 upright stones supporting a horizontal lintel
43. trullo traditional rendered stone dwelling with square chambers roofed with conical vaulted roofs
44. tumulus also called burrow; an artificial mound of earth or stone, especially oven an ancient grave
45. wigwam an american indian dwelling; round or oval, formed of poles overlaid with bark, rush mats or animal skin
46. ziggurat stepped structures constructed with outside staircases and a temple shrine at the top for worshipping the gods of
natures
47. ziggurat of ur located in tell et muqayyer in irag, a ziggurat by ur nammu for the moon god