Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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SOC 003: Philippine Politics and Governance
First Quarter Exam Reviewer
Prepared by: Romeo D. Erese III, LPT, MA, PhD.
History the interpretation of the past, how it affects our
Demo people / Kratos power views of the present, understanding trends or the lack
thereof in the past.
Political Science- is a branch of social science that studies
politics and state. Economics refers to the scientific study of human action,
particularly as it relates to human choice and the utilization
Subfields of Political Science of scarce resources.
1. National Politics - deals with the study of the
structure of the government, its branches, the Political Phenomenon- any occurrence, events, or facts
political system of the state, public opinon and relating to politics.
elections.
2. Comparative Politics studies the politics and Ideology - refers to a system of beliefs about how society
government of other countries should function, behave, and operate
Political Ideology is a set of related beliefs about political
3. International Relations political cooperation
theory and policy held by an individual, group of individuals
among states, diplomatic relationships, or a particular social class.
international organizations and laws.
4. Political Theory defines what is good and what Major Political Ideologies
is bad government.
Example: Machiavelli 1. Anarchism - The belief that the best government is
5. Constitutional Law studies the balance between absolutely no government. This ideology argues
the powers of the government and the rights of the that everything about governments is repressive
people. and therefore must be abolished entirely.
6. Public Policy focuses on the programs of the 2. Absolutism - The belief that a single ruler should
state to benefit the economy and the state as a have control over every aspect of the government
whole. and of the peoples lives.
3. Liberalism - A set of political beliefs emphasizing
Political Science is a social science. individual rights and liberties
4. Conservatism - A set of political beliefs based on
Social science is the study of society and the manner in preservation of customs and traditions that define
which people behave and influence the world around us.
the character of a society
5. Socialism - A set of political beliefs emphasizing
The following are the Major branches of Social Science:
community and social equality
Psychology studies emotional and cognitive impacts of
environments and relationships, and the reactions of human Political Power is:
systems to emotional and cognitive changes.
The ability to shape and control the political
Sociology how we become members of groups, move behavior of others and to lead and guide their
between groups, and how being in different groups affects behavior in the direction desired by the person,
individuals and the groups in which they participate. group, or institution exercising the political power.
Political Science how we identify ourselves as citizens of The capacity to influence, condition, mold, and
a particular nation, how we participate in our political control human behavior for the accomplishment of
structure, how it affects us, what motivates us to affiliate political objectives.
ourselves with certain points of view or parties.
Major Forms of Political Power
Anthropology deals with of what it means to be human,
through the understanding of modern cultures across the 1. Political Authority - is governmental power. It is the
globe, the cultures of the past, languages, the human body, legally established power of the government to make rules
and our evolutionary history. and issue commands and to compel obedience to them,
making use of physical force and coercion when deemed
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SOC 003: Philippine Politics and Governance
First Quarter Exam Reviewer
Prepared by: Romeo D. Erese III, LPT, MA, PhD.
necessary. Political authority in short, is the legal right--the Article XII National Economy and Patrimony
legally established power--to govern society. Article XIII Social Justice and Human Rights
Article XIV Education, Science and Technology, Arts,
2. Political Influence - is the ability of private individuals Culture and Sports
and groups to impact on the government's making and Article XV The Family
implementation of official policy decisions. It is a form of Article XVI General Provisions
political power exercised by those who do not possess the Article XVII Amendments or Revisions
formal-legal authority, but have and utilize the ability to Article XVIII Transitory Provisions
condition, modify, and control the official decision-making
behavior of those in government office who do possess the
authority to make and implement the decisions. Article I: National Territory
CONSTITUTION Section 1. The national territory comprises the Philippine
archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced
heart of the nation
therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines
foundation of the government has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial,
blueprint of the government fluvial, and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the
fundamental law of the land seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other
highest law of the land submarine areas. The waters around, between and
connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their
basic law of the land
breath and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of
the Philippines.
Constitution is a written instrument enacted by direct
action of the people by which the fundamental powers of
the government are established, limited and defined, and by Article II: Declarations of Principles and State Policies
which those powers are distributed among the several Basic Principles of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
1. The Philippines is a democratic and republican
departments for their safe and useful exercise for the
state. Sovereignty and government authority
benefit of the body politic.
belong to the people. ART II SEC 1
The Republic of the Philippines is using the 1987 Philippine
2. The Philippines renounces war as an element of
Constitution also known as the Freedom Constitution.
national policy ART II SEC 2
Preamble introduction to the constitution
3. Civilian authority is all times supreme over the
military. ART II SEC 3
We, the sovereign Filipino, imploring the aid of Almighty
God, in order to build a just and humane society and
4. The prime duty of the government is to serve and
establish a government that shall embody our ideals and
protect the people. ART II SEC 4
aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and
develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our
posterity the blessings of independence and democracy, 5. The separation of church and state shall be at all
times be upheld. ART II SEC 6
under the rule of law, and a regime of truth, justice,
freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and
6. The government shall provide social justice. ART II
promulgate this Constitution.
SEC 10
Articles of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
Article III: Bill of Rights
Article I National Territory
Basic rights that are recognized and protected by the
Article II Declaration of Principles and State Policies
Constitution:
Article III Bill of Rights
Article IV Citizenship
Article V Suffrage 1. Right to due process of law (Art III Sec 1)
Article VI Legislative Department 2. Right against unreasonable search and seizure (Art
Article VII Executive Department III Sec 2)
Article VIII Judicial Department 3. Right to privacy of communication and
Article IX Constitutional Commissions correspondence (Art III Sec 3)
Article X Local Government 4. Right to travel and Liberty of abode (Art III Sec 6)
Article XI Accountability of Public Officers
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SOC 003: Philippine Politics and Governance
First Quarter Exam Reviewer
Prepared by: Romeo D. Erese III, LPT, MA, PhD.
5. Right to Assembly and Petition/ Right to form 3. Municipalities
association (Art III Sec 8) 4. Barangays
*** Autonomous Regions: ARMM and CAR
Article IV: Citizenship
It encapsulates the provisions that will answer the question: Article XI: Accountability of Public Officers
Who are the citizens of the Philippines?
Impeachment
Article V: Suffrage Sandiganbayan anti-graft court
Right to vote/Election
Ombudsman/Tanodbayan investigates on its own
Article VI: Legislative Department any act or omission of any public official, employee,
Philippine Congress is bicameral legislature which consists office or agency.
of :
Upper house: Senate Article XII: National Economy and Patrimony
Lower house: House of Representatives Distribution of income, wealth and opportunities
Economy of the nation
Article VII: Executive Department Sustainable development
President of the Philippines (qualifications, manner of
Industrialization and full employment
voting, term of office, powers and limitations)
Agricultural Development
Agrarian Reform
Article VIII: Judicial Department Natural Resources
1. The Supreme Court
Article XII: Social Justice and Human Rights
2. Intermediate Appellate Court (Court of Appeals) Human dignity
Reduce social, economic, and political inequalities
3. Regional Trial Court (RTC)
Remove cultural inequities
4. Municipal Trial Court (MTC), Municipal Circuit Trial Social Justice commitment to create economic
Court opportunities based on freedom of initiative and
self-reliance
In addition to these regular courts, there are two special
courts, namely:
1. Court of Tax Appeals
Article XIV: Education, Science and Technology, Arts,
Culture and Sports
2. Sandiganbayan
Quality education
The Constitution also provides for two special legal bodies,
namely: System of education
The study of constitution shall be part of the
1. Judicial and Bar Council curricula of all educational institutions
Language: Filipino is the official language
2. Ombudsman (Tanodbayan)
Research and Development
Invention
Article IX: Constitutional Commissions Innovation
1. Commission on Elections Preservation of arts and culture
2. Commission on Audit Physical education
3. Civil Service Commission Sports Program
League competitions
Article X: Local Government
Amateur sports
Political Subdivisions of the Republic of the Philippines: Regular sports activities in all educational
1. Provinces institutions
2. Cities
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SOC 003: Philippine Politics and Governance
First Quarter Exam Reviewer
Prepared by: Romeo D. Erese III, LPT, MA, PhD.
Article XV: The Family
Family is the foundation of the nation
Marriage
Family Rights and Duties