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medpgnotes
1
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
Contents
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF DRUGS ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS AND CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
BODIES................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
NAMED CELLS..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
NAMED DEFORMITIES ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
DYES..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
EPITHELIUM..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
NAMED FASCIA................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
FORMULA........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
NAMED LINES .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
MARKERS........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
ODOUR ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 21
OSSIFICATION.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 21
RADIOLOGICAL SIGNS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 21
SCIENTISTS ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
STAINS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28
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2
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
Lithium Leucocytosis
Polyuria/Polydipsia
Hand tremor
Muscle weakness
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ADVERSE EFFECTS OF DRUGS 3
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
Confusion
Nausea,vomiting,diarrhea
Chloroform Hepatotoxicity
Trilene+Sodalime Phosgene Neurotoxic
Desoflurane + Baralime Carbon Monoxide
Sevoflurane + Sodalime Compound A
Succinyl Choline Masseter spasm,Fasciculation,soreness
Hyperkalemia
Cardiac arrest
Increased ICT,IOP
Malignant Hyperthermia
Mivacurium Histamine Release
Halothane Hepatotoxicity
Methoxyflurane Nephrotoxicity
Nitrous oxide Bone marrow suppression
Megaloblastic anaemia
Agranulocytosis
Warfarin Contradi Syndrome
Purple toe Syndrome
Vancomycin Redman Syndrome
Ototoxixity
Nephrotoxicity
Methicillin Interstitial Nephritis
Ampicillin Diarrhoea
Procaine Penicillin Seizure disorder
Oxacillin Hepatitis
Naphazelin Neutropenia
Carbenicillin Bleeding Problem
L-Asparaginase Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis
Tapsoglutide (GLP 1 analogue) Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis
Blue Vision defect Sildenafil
Dilutional Hyponatremia Chlorpropamide
Paroxysmal AV tachycardia with AV block Digoxin
Poor Wound healing Nitrogen Mustard (Vesicant)
Hand Foot Mouth syndrome 5 - Fluorouracil
Icthyosis Clofazimine
Pseudolymphoma Phenytoin,Pyrimidine
MC Side Effect of -blocker Fatigue
MC Side Effect of Naltrexone Hepatotoxicity
MC Side Effect of Niacin Flushing
MC Side Effect of Digoxin Nausea & Vomiting
MC Side Effect of Quinidine Diarrhoea
MC Side Effect of Lithium Tremor
MC Side Effect of Direct ECT Fracture T4-T8 Spine
MC Side Effect of Modified ECT Retrograde Amnesia
MC Side Effect of SSRI Sexual Dysfuction
MC Side Effect of Cryotherapy of Ca Cervix Persistent Watery Discharge
insitu
Common side effect after TIPPS Hepatic Encephalopathy
Important adverse effect of Chorionic Villi Oromandibular Limb Hypoplasia
Sampling
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ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS AND CONTENTS 4
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
Nervus Intermedius
Falciform Crest
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ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS AND CONTENTS 5
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
OPENINGS IN DIAPHRAGM
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ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS AND CONTENTS 6
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
FORAMENS
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BODIES 7
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
BODIES
INTRA CYTOPLASMIC EOSINOPHILIC VIRAL INCLUSION BODIES
BODIES CONDITION
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BODIES 8
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
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NAMED CELLS 9
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
NAMED CELLS
CELL CONDITION
Gitter/Hortega Cell Lipd laden Microglial cell
Clara Cells of Bronchiloe Surfactant Lipoprotein Production
Kulchitsky Cells Bronchi
Brush Cells Type III Alveolar Cells
Kuppfer Cells Liver Macrophages
Mikulicz Cells Rhinoscleroma (Granulomatous stage)
Deiters cells
Pillar Cells Supporting cells of Organ of Corti
Hensons Cells
Haller Cell Anterior Ethmoidal Cell in Orbital Floor
Onodi Cell Posterior Ethmoidal cell related to Optic Nerve in Lateral Wall
Foam Cells Niemann Pick disease (Bone marrow)
Leber cells Trachoma
Gaucher cells Cerebroside Laden Cells & Crumpled Cystoplasm
Positive PAS staining
Bite Cells G6PD Deficiency
Hurthle/Askansky Cells Hashimotos thyroiditis
Oval Cells Stem Cells in canal of herring of LIVER
Satellite Cells Stem cells in Basal lamina of myotubules in Myocytes
Limbus Stem Cells in Canal of Schlemm
Ito Cells Stem Cells in Subendothelial space of Dizze
Paneth Cells Stem Cells in Bottom of Crypts
Dust cells Alveolar/Lung Macrophages
Littoral cells Spleen Macrophages
Haffbauer cells Placental Macrophages
Armani-Ebstein Cell Glycogen Accumulation in Proximal Convolute tubule in Diabetic Nephropathy
Faggot cells Cells with Multiple Auer Rods
M3 Type of AML
Popcorn Cells Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkins Lymphoma
LE Cells Phagocytic Leucocyte engulfed denaturated Nucles of Injured Cell
Tart Cell Monocyte ingested Nucleus of other cell/Other cell
Clue Cells Bacterial Vaginosis
Peg cells Fallopian tube
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NAMED DEFORMITIES 10
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
NAMED DEFORMITIES
Gunstock deformity (Varus) Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus
Dinner Fork Deformity Colles fracture
Garden spade deformity Reverse Colles fracture
Z deformity Radial deviation of wrist with ulnar deviation of fingers
Swan Neck deformity Hyperextension of PIP
Flexion of DIP
Boutainneir deformity Flexion of PIP
Extension of DIP
MC Chest wall Deformity Pectus excavatum
(Funnel Shaped Chest)
DYES
CONDITION DYE
Myelography, Ventriculography, DSA Iopamidol
Iohexol
Myodil
Metrizamide
Patency of Recent surgical Anastomosis Gastrograffin Enema
Hirschprungs Disease
Oesophageal Atresia Dianosil
Dye used in IV Cholangiography Biligraffin
Dye used in Chromoendoscopy for detection of cancer Methylene Blue > Toluidine Blue
Contrast media for Oral Cholecystography Na/Ca Ioponoic acid
Indicator dye for Soda lime Ethyl Violet
Indicator in Horrocks apparatus Starch Iodide
Areas of carcinoma oral mucosa identified by 2% Toluidine blue
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EPITHELIUM 11
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
EPITHELIUM
Simple Squamous Glomerulus
Descending Loop of Henle
Thin segement of Ascending Loop of Henle
Endothelium
Mesothelium
Alveoli of Lung
Keratinised Stratified Squamous Epithelium Epidermis
Duct of Sebaceous gland
Non Keratinised Stratified Squamous Epithelium Cornea
Vagina
Mouth,Tongue Pharynx,Tonsil,Esophagus
Simple Columnar Mucous Membrane of Stomach & Large Intestine
Cervical Canal
Columnar with Striated border Small Intestine
(Regularly arranged Microvilli)
Columnar with Brush border Gall Bladder
(Irregularly Placed Microvilli)
Ciliated Columnar Epithelium Respiratory Epithelium (Pseudostratified)
Central Canal of Spinal cord
Ventricles of Brain
Uterus,Fallopian tube
Efferent ductile of Testis
Auditory tube & Parts of middle ear
Secretory Columnar (Goblet cells) Stomach,Intestine
Trachea,Bronchi
Pseudostratified Columnar Olfactory Epithelium
Membranous & Penile urethra
Ductus deferens
Simple Cuboidal PCT
DCT
Collecting Duct
Thick segment of Ascending loop of Henle
Ducts of Glands eg.Bartholins duct
Follicles of thyroid gland
Germinal Epithelium
Choroid Plexus
Inner Surface of Lens
Pigmented Layer of Retina
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NAMED FASCIA 12
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
NAMED FASCIA
FASCIA LOCATION
Camper Fascia Superficai Fatty Layer of Superficial Fascia of Anterior Abdominal Wall
Scarpa Fascia Deep Membranous Layer of Superficial Fascia of Anterior Abdominal
Wall
Colles Fascia Deep Membranous layer of Superficial Perineal Fascia
Gallaudet Fascia Investing layer of Deep Perineal Fascia
Dartos Fascia Superficial Penile Fascia (Fundiform Ligament)
Scrotal fascia
Bucks Fascia Deep Penile Fascia (Suspensory Ligament)
Fibrous Capsule of Parotid Superficial Investing Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia
Axillary Sheath Prevertebral Fascia
Buccopharyngeal Fascia Pretracheal Fascia
Fascia Lata Deep Fascia of Thigh
Crural Fascia Deep Fascia of Leg
Fascia Gerota Anterior Perirenal Fascia
Fascia of Zuckerkandl Posterior Perirenal Fascia
Conal Fascia Lateral Perirenal Fascia
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FORMULA 13
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
FORMULA
Incidence among Exposed
Relative Risk =
Incidence among Non Exposed
Proportional Mortality Rate = Number of deaths due to a particular cause per 100 or 1000 of total deaths
Sensitivity
Likelihood Ratio Positive =
1
1 Sensitivity
Likelihood Ratio Negative =
Weight in Kg
Body Mass Index =
(Height in cm)
Height in cm
Pondreal Index =
Body Weight in Kg
Height in cm 150
Lorentz Formula = Height in cm 100
2(women)or 4 (men)
Actual Weight
Corpulence Index =
Desirable Weight
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FORMULA 14
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
(x X)
Standard Devaition =
n
Standard Deviation
Standard Error of Mean =
n
1 2
Standard Error of Difference between Mean = +
n1 n2
pq
Standard Error of Population =
n
q=(1-p)
p1q1 p2q2
Standard Error of Difference between Proportion = +
n1 n2
(Mean Mode)
First Skewness (Pearson Mode) =
Standard Deviation
3(Mean Median)
Second skewness (Pearson Median) =
Standard Deviation
Probability
Odds =
(1 Probability)
Odds
Probability =
(1 Odds)
Power = 1
Level = 1
Dose administered iv
Volume of Distribution =
Plasma Concentrartion (Co)
uv
Renal Clearance =
p
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FORMULA 15
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
0.0693 Vd
Half Life =
Clearance
3
Quantity of Alcohol in Urine a = QPr
4
Glucose BUN
Plasma Osmolality = 2 [Na] + +
18 2.8
Glucose
Effective Osmolality = 2 [Na] +
18
k Height in cm
GFR in Children =
Plasma creatinine
Vmax[S]
Vo =
Km + [S]
PaCO2
PAO2 = FiO2 (PB PH2O)
R
Standard Deviation
of Variation = 100
Mean
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FORMULA 16
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
Observed deaths
Standardised Mortality Ratio = 100
Expected Deaths
True Negative(d)
= 100
True Negative(d) + False Positive(b)
True Positive(a)
Positive Predictive Value = 100
True Positive(a) + False Positive(b)
True Negative(d)
Negative Predictive value = 100
True Negative(d) + False Negative(c)
BAYERS THEOREM
Sensitivity Prevalence
Positive predictive Value = 100
(Sensitivity Prevalence) + (1 )(1 Prevalence)
Pretest Probability
Post Test Probability = 100
( Pretest Probability) + (1 Specicity)(1 Pretest Probability)
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FORMULA 17
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
No of Slides examined
Annual Blood Rate = 100
Retained N2
Biological Value = 100
Absorbed N2
Mental Age
Intelligent = 100
Chronological Age
No of Infants death
Infant Mortality Rate = 1000
No of Live Births
No of Females
Sex = 1000
No of Males
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FORMULA 18
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
No of Maternal deaths
Maternal Mortality Rate = 10000
No of Live Births
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NAMED LINES 19
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
NAMED LINES
LINE CONDITION
Langers Line Eversion of margin of incised wound if across axis of
limb
Aldrich Mees Line Arsenic Poisoning (White transverse line)
Burtonian Line Blue line in gums in Lead Poisoning
Also seen in Mercury,Copper,Silver,Bismuth,Iron
Poisoning.
Blaschko Lines Developmental lines,NOT dermatome,DIFFERENT from
nervous,vascular,lymphatics
Vogt line Keratoconus
Arlt Line Trachoma
Stockers line Pterygium
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
Anterior Half of Nasal septum Submandibular Node
rd
Anterior 2/3 of Tongue
Posterior Half of Nasal septum Retropharyngeal Node
Pharynx Deep Cervical Node
rd
Posterior 1/3 of Tongue Juguloomohyoid node
Tip of Tongue Submental node
Parotid Deep Cervical node
Thyroid
Ovary Lateral Aortic node
Fallopian tube Pre Aortic node
Fundus & Upper part of Ovary Para Aortic node
Glans Penis Deep Inguinal node of Cloquet
Clitoris
Penile Urethra
Rest of penis Superficial inguinal Node
Isthumus of Fallopian tube
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MARKERS 20
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
MARKERS
ORGANELLE MARKER
Plasma Membrane Na+-K+ ATPase
5-Nucleotidase
Adenyl Cyclase
Cytosol Lactate Dehydrogenase
Mitochondria Glutmate Dehydrogenase
Endoplasmic Reticulum Glucose 6 Phosphatase
Golgi Complex Galactosyl Transferase
Lysosome Acid Phosphatase
Peroxisome Catalase
Uric acid oxidase
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ODOUR 21
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
ODOUR
Sweaty feet Urine Odour Glutaric Acidemia
Isovaleric Acidemia
Musty Urine Odour Phenyl Ketonuria
Cabbage like Urine Odour Tyrosinemia
Methionine Malabsorption
Hops like Urine Odour Oast House Urine Disease
Maple Syrup Burnt sugar Urine Odour Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Swimming pool Odour Hawkinsuria
Tom cat Urine Odour Multiple Carboxylase Deficiency
Rotting fish Urine Odour Trimethyaminuria
Garlic Odour Arsenic
Phosphorus
Aluminium Phosphide(Celphos){garlic like}
Bitter almond Odour Hydrocyanic Acid
Fruity odour/ Ketoacidosis
Nail polish Remover Odour
Musty Sweet odour/ Hepatic Encephalopathy
Foetur Hepaticus
Rotten Egg Odour Hydrogen Sulphide
Fishy Odour Red degeneration of Fibroid
OSSIFICATION
Hyoid 2 years
Thyroid & Cricoid Early 20s
Ossification of Arytenoid Late 30s
th
Ossification centre at 5 month Manubrium sterni
Calcaneum
th
Ossification centre at 7 month Centre of Talus
th
Ossification centre at 9 month Lower end of femur
RADIOLOGICAL SIGNS
Geographical lytic skull Eosinophilic granuloma
Multiple Punched Out Lesions Multiple Myeloma
Erosion of Dorsum Sella Raised ICT
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RADIOLOGICAL SIGNS 22
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
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RADIOLOGICAL SIGNS 23
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
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MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
SCIENTISTS
DNA Finger Printing Alec J.Jeffrey
Polymerase Chain Reaction Kary Mullis
Boyles Machine Edmund Gaskin Boyle (1917)
Laryngeal Mask Airway Archies Brain
Helium Sir W.Ramsey
Capnography Luft
Xenon William Ramsey (1904)
Used as Anaesthetic 1950
Nitrous oxide Priestly
First Gastrectomy Billroth
First Autologous Renal Transplantation Hardy
First Heart Transplantation Christian Bernard (1967)
First Liver Transplantation Starzl
First Neurosurgery in India Jacob Chandy
Phenomenon of Disease without books is like sail an Sir William Osler
Uncharted Sea
Skin is the Best Dressing Joseph Lister
Catgut John Hunter
Father of Safe Surgery
First Emergency Blood Transfusion
One of the first Operations on Gallstones William Stewart Halsted
Radical Mastectomy
Invention of Gloves
Published Inguinal Hernia Repair at same time as Bassini
Father of Homeopathy Samuel Hahnermann
Germ theory of Disease Louis Pasteur
Multifactorial Causation of Disease Patten Koffer
Vaccine Coined by Louis Pasteur (Rabies & Chicken pox vaccine)
Vaccination Coined by Edward Jenner
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SCIENTISTS 26
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
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SCIENTISTS 27
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
RESEARCHERS IN PSYCHIATRY
CONTRIBUTION RESEARCHER
Father of Behaviourism Johann Weyer
Father of Modern Psychiatry Emil Kraeplin
Father of Psychosomatic Medicine Franz Alexander
Father of Behaviourism John B Watson
Coined Psychiatry Johann Christian Reil
Coined Psychology Gockel
Coined Schizophrenia Eugene Bleuler
Demonstration of Schizophrenia Emil Kraeplin (Dementia Precox)
Demonstration of Maniac Depressive Disorder Emil Kraeplin
Catatonic Schizophrenia Kalbaum Karl
Heberphrenic Schizophrenia Hecker Ewald
Akinetic Mutism Cairn
Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud
Childhood Intellectual Development Jian Paget
Childhood Autistic Disorder Leo Kanner
Introvert & Extrovert Carl Jastav Jung
Superior and Inferior Complexes Alfred Adler
Therapeutic Community Jones Maxwell
Psychaesthenia Pierre Janet
Drugs in Psychiatry Emil Kraeplin
Operant Conditioning Skinner
Ego Defence Mechanisms Anna Freud
Cocaine Carl Koler
8 Stages of Life Erik Erikson
Intelligent Score(Weischlers Scale) Alfred Binet
Hypnosis James Braid
Cognitive Therapy of Depression Aarnon Beck
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STAINS 28
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
STAINS
Normal Tissue Stain Eosin & Hematoxylin
Glycogen - Carmine
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STAINS 29
MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS
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