Up&Down Collective Elevator

2014
Up & Down Collective Elevator

Simulator Controlled by Arduino
Tokas Panagiotis
Technological Institute of Piraeus
department of Automation Engineering
1/1/2014
Up & Down Collective Elevator Simulator Controlled by
Arduino
Table of contents:
Project Summary
Aims
Background
Significance and Innovation
Benefit of the Research
Description of Personnel
References
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Project Summary:
First of all lets start from the definition of an
elevator. An elevator is a type of vertical transport
equipment that efficiently moves people or goods
between floors (levels, decks) of a building, vessel
or other structures. Elevators are generally
powered by electric motors that either drive
traction cables or counterweight systems like a
hoist, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical
piston like a jack.
There are three types of convoying methods in

buildings, Elevators & Escalators & Ramps, and
they have different dimensions and uses according
to building type & number of users in it.
Here in our project we will deal with the traction
elevator.
So Traction elevators are lifted by ropes, which
pass over a wheel attached to an electric motor
above the elevator shaft. They are used for mid
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
and high-rise applications and have much higher

travel speeds than hydraulic elevators. A counter
weight makes the elevators more efficient.
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
A traction elevator consists of many parts, here I

will show you not all but those I included.
Aims:
My aims were to make a simulator of an Up &
Down Collective Elevator using Arduino Uno Rev 3
to achieve the collection in the most lifesaving way
for the environment and motor and also for
limited traffic. While signal operation was being
introduced for the taller office buildings, demand
was increasing for automatic operation for
apartments, hospitals, small office buildings, and
any building that required elevators but had only
limited traffic. Automatic elevator could provide
led to the introduction of the collective elevator
and improved means of automatic elevator door
operation. Collective operation, as the name
implies, is a means to collect or remember and
answer all the calls in one direction, reverse the
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
elevator, and then collect and answer all the calls

in the opposite direction.
Background:
In this chapter I will show you what parts I
included with a brief explanation and how they
match in a real traction elevator.
Car Operating Panel
A panel mounted in the car containing the car
operating controls, such as call register buttons,
door open and close, alarm, emergency stop and
whatever other buttons or key switches are
required for operating.
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Magnetic Switches
These pick up signals regarding the location of the
car. These sensors are usually placed in the car
itself and read the position by counting the
magnetic pulses. In the shaft in each floor are
placed two magnets, one for up direction and one
for down direction.
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Up direction
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Down direction
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Magnet
Here we will use only one and not 6 as it was
supposed to be because I dont have a shaft.
Flexible Cable
The flexible cable connects the Car with the Main
Control Unit. It is used for what the name by itself
says, to be flexible meaning that we want a cable
not solid because it connects something moveable.
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Level Operating Panels

These buttons are on a button panel on the
outside of the elevator shafts and are used by
potential passengers to call an elevator car to the
floor that the pressed summon button is located
on. There are two Hall buttons on each floor one
for up, another for down, except on the top floor
where there is only down and on the bottom floor
where there is only up. The controller interacts
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
with these buttons by receiving press and release

signals indicating the requested direction and floor
number. It also sends light on/off signals to
indicate the status of the buttons.
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Terminal Switches
Terminal switches are mounted on the bottom and
pit ransom on the side of the safety-gear. The
switches are operated by the movement of the
safety-gear lever up or down according to
actuation direction if the car travels at over speed.
The switch interrupts the safety circuit causing
machine drive power off.
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Up Terminal Switch
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Down Terminal Switch
Motor
Driving machine, is the power unit of the elevator,
and usually located at the elevator machine room.
The Driving machine used to refer to the collection
of components that raise or lower the elevator.
These include the drive motor, brake, speed
reduction unit, sheaves and encoders.
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Main Control Unit

The advent of personal computers has made
microprocessor technology affordable for many
other fields. Elevator Concepts utilizes several
types of industrial computer to control the logic of
more complex jobs. They are very dependable,
compact, and simple to troubleshoot. Here I used
Arduino Uno Rev 3
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Complete
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
Significance and Innovation:

The significance of the research is very important
first of all for understanding better how an
elevator works and second to make the algorithm
of the full collective elevator. The question is why
full collective. The answer first of all is the
environment; let us thing how much energy would
the motor consume if it was a simple collective
meaning that in every call the motor would stop,
start, reversing. Now in the full collective the
motor works once for the up direction and then
for the down direction. This innovation also works
good for the driving system itself as it has a serious
extend of its life.
Results:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/rvqg4d4yguqtg6r/M
y%20Movie.wmv
Benefit of the Research:
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
The benefit of the research is that I managed to

make a fully operational algorithm of an elevators
calls and movement. Of course there are lots of
other things to put like doors, safety, overspeed
governors, weighing devises, revisions etc. but my
aim was to achieve this algorithm, when you
manage to do that then you can proceed with the
rest.
Description of Personnel:
Panagiotis Tokas
Technological Institute of Piraeus
Department of Automation Engineer
http://www.linkedin.com/pub/panagiotis-
tokas/8a/96a/a54
p.tokas1@yahoo.com
Panagiotis Tokas
Arduino
References:
http://www.electrical-knowhow.com/
http://www.mass.gov/anf/docs/dcam/mafma/tut
orials/elevator-101.pdf
http://www.wikipedia.org/
Panagiotis Tokas

Up&Down Collective Elevator

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2014